Chapter # 4 DATA COMMUNICATION AND COMPUTER NETWORK

Qno: 1 List the properties of a good communication system. Explain any one.
Ans: 1 Properties of a good communication system:
1. Clarity.
2. Accuracy.
3. Relevance.
4. Timeliness.
5. Accessibility.
6. Reliability.
7. Security.
Explanation of Accuracy
Accuracy in communication is the quality of conveying information that is free from errors,
distortions, or inaccuracies. It ensures that the content and details presented are factually
correct and reliable, helping to build trust and credibility in the communication process.
Qno: 2 Explain components of communication using single example?
Ans: 2 Components of communication include:
1. Sender: The person or entity initiating the message.
2. Message: The information or content being conveyed.
3. Channel: The medium or method used to transmit the message.
4. Receiver: The individual or group receiving and interpreting the message.
5. Feedback: The response or reaction provided by the receiver.
Example: - In a classroom setting, a teacher (sender) provides a lecture (message) on a particular
topic. The teacher speaks (channel) to the students (receivers) who listen, take notes, and may ask
questions. The students' questions and engagement serve as feedback to the teacher, indicating their
understanding and allowing the teacher to adapt the lecture for better comprehension.
Qno: 3 Write the function of following network devices. Amplifiers, Routers, Switch, Hub?
Ans: 3 The functions of the mentioned network devices are as follows:
1. Function of Amplifiers: Amplifiers are used to boost the strength or power of signals in a
network, typically in the context of Analog or radio frequency (RF) signals.
2. Function of Routers: Routers are responsible for directing network traffic between different
networks. They determine the most efficient path for data packets to travel from the source
to the destination across interconnected networks, such as the internet.
3. Function of Switches: Switches are used to connect devices within a local area network (LAN).
They operate at the data link layer of the OSI model and forward data frames based on the
MAC (Media Access Control) addresses of the devices within the same network
4. Function of Hub: Hubs are basic network devices that work at the physical layer of the OSI
model. They are used to connect multiple devices in a network, but unlike switches, they do
not intelligently forward data. Instead, hubs broadcast data to all connected devices, which
can lead to network congestion and reduced efficiency.
Qno: 4 List the causes of signal impairments. Explain any one?
Ans: 4 Causes of signal impairments include:
1. Attenuation.
2. Noise.
3. Distortion.
4. Crosstalk.
5. Echo.
Explanation of Attenuation.
Attenuation is the decrease in signal strength as it propagates through a medium such as a cable,
optical fibre, or wireless transmission. This weakening of the signal occurs due to various factors,
including resistance, scattering, and absorption.
Qno:5 What is the difference between radio wave and microwave?
Radio Waves Micro Wave
Radio waves have a lower frequency range, Microwaves have a higher frequency range, generally
typically from a few hundred Hertz to several above one gigahertz.
gigahertz
Radio waves have longer wavelengths, often Microwaves have shorter wavelengths, typically in
measuring meters to centimetres. millimetres to centimetres.
Radio waves are used for various forms of wireless Microwaves find applications in radar, satellite
communication, including AM and FM radio, TV communication, microwave ovens, and some wireless
broadcasts, and Wi-Fi. communication technologies like 5G.
Radio waves can penetrate obstacles like buildings Microwaves, with their shorter wavelengths, are more
and vegetation, making them suitable for long- absorbed by obstacles and are often used for line-of-sight
range communication. communication.
Qno:6 Why OSI model is broken up in layers?
Ans: 6 The OSI model is divided into layers to facilitate network communication's modular design,
standardization, and troubleshooting by separating complex network functionality into
manageable, interconnected, and independent components.
Qno: 7 Explain the purpose of Standard Organization?
Ans: 7 Standard organizations establish agreed-upon guidelines and specifications for products,
services, and processes. They ensure consistency, quality, interoperability, and safety,
benefiting industries, consumers, and global trade.
Qno: 8 List one merit and one demerit of each topology?
1. Ans: 8 Star Topology:
 Merit: Easy to install and manage, with a central hub for connections.
 Demerit: Dependency on the central hub; if it fails, the entire network may be
disrupted.
2. Bus Topology:
 Merit: Simple and cost-effective for small networks.
 Demerit: Susceptible to signal reflection and network disruption if the main cable is
damaged.
3. Ring Topology:
 Merit: Equal access to the network for all devices; predictable data flow.
 Demerit: Failure of one device can disrupt the entire network.
Qno: 9 Give one example of LAN, WAN and MAN?
1. Ans: 9 LAN (Local Area Network) Example: A LAN could be a network within a single office
building, connecting computers, printers, and servers, allowing employees to share resources
and data within that physical location.
2. WAN (Wide Area Network) Example: The internet is a vast WAN that connects millions of
devices globally, enabling data transfer and communication across long distances.
3. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) Example: A MAN could be a network connecting multiple
campuses of a university within the same city, providing high-speed data transfer and
communication between these locations.
Qno: 10 How can we measure bit rate and baud rate? Give an example of each?
Ans: 10 Bit Rate:
 Measure: Count the number of bits transmitted per second.
 Example: In a digital communication system, if 1,000 bits are transmitted in 1 second, the bit
rate is 1,000 bps (bits per second).
Baud Rate:
 Measure: Count the number of signal elements (e.g., voltage or frequency changes) per
second.
 Example: In a modem, if four voltage changes represent different symbols transmitted in 1
second, the baud rate is 4 baud.