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Formula 1

1. This document provides a summary of important concepts in mathematics including: - Hyperbolic identities and inverse hyperbolic identities involving sinh, cosh, tanh, etc. - Important limits and formulae such as limits involving exponentials and logarithms. - Common equations for circles, parabolas, ellipses, and hyperbolas. - Parametric equations representing circles, parabolas, ellipses, and hyperbolas. 2. It also defines even and odd functions and their properties. 3. The document was written and composed by Professor Faisal Akbar of Mathematics.

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24 views1 page

Formula 1

1. This document provides a summary of important concepts in mathematics including: - Hyperbolic identities and inverse hyperbolic identities involving sinh, cosh, tanh, etc. - Important limits and formulae such as limits involving exponentials and logarithms. - Common equations for circles, parabolas, ellipses, and hyperbolas. - Parametric equations representing circles, parabolas, ellipses, and hyperbolas. 2. It also defines even and odd functions and their properties. 3. The document was written and composed by Professor Faisal Akbar of Mathematics.

Uploaded by

randhawa03023
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Written & Composed By MATHEMATICS – Part II

Prof. FAISAL AKBAR


(Chapter # 1)

1. Hyperbolic identities: 6. Some important formulae:


−x
e −e x
xn − an
sinh x = lim = n a n− 1
2 x→a x−a
e + e−x
x
 1
n
cosh x = lim  1 +  = e
2 n → +  n
e x − e −x 1
tanh x = lim (1 + x ) x = e
ex + e−x x →0

2 ax −1
csc hx = x lim = log e a = ln a
e − e−x x →0 x
2 ex − 1
sechx = x lim = log ee = ln e = 1
e + e−x x →0 x
e x + e−x lim
sin x
=1
coth x = x x→0 x
e − e−x
sinh 2 x = 2 sinh x cosh x sin x
lim =
x→ x
cosh2 x − sinh 2 x = 1
cosh2x + sinh2x = cosh2x lim
x→
(e ) = 0
−x

sech2x = 1 – tanh2x
cosech2x = coth2x – 1 7. Some Equations:
2. Inverse hyperbolic identities:
(
sinh − 1 x = ln x + x2 + 1 )  xR
Circle x2 + y2 = a2

cosh − 1 x = ln (x + x2 − 1) x1 Parabola y 2 = 4ax


1  1+ x
tanh − 1 x = ln  x 1 x2 x2
2  1− x Ellipse + =1
1  x + 1 a 2 b2
coth −1 x = ln  x 1
2  x − 1 x2 x2
Hyperbola − =1
1 1 − x 2  a 2 b2
sec h −1 x = ln + 0 x1
x x 
  8. Parametric Equations:
1 1 + x 2 
csc h − 1 x = ln + x0 Circle x = a cos  , y = a sin 
x x 
 
3. Even functions: Parabola x = at 2 , y = 2at
f (− x ) = f ( x )  x Df
4. Odd functions: Ellipse x = a cos  , y = b sin
f (− x ) = − f ( x )  x Df
5. ( )
f f −1 ( x ) = f −1 ( f ( x ) ) = x
Hyperbola x = a sec , y = b tan 

Written & Composed By


Prof. Faisal Akbar ( MS-
Mathematics)

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