INTRODUCTION

Brief History of OSH

 By virtue of the powers vested in the
Department of Labor and Employment
(DOLE) under Article 162 of the Labor
Code of the Philippines, this Occupational
Safety and Health Standards is hereby
promulgated for the guidance and
compliance of all “concerned”. This body
of standards rules and regulations shall
hereafter be referred to as “Standards”
Brief History of OSH
 The Occupational Safety and Health
(OSHC) was established through
Executive Order No. 307, signed by the
late President Corazon C. Aquino, on
November 4, 1987.

Based on its mandate, the OSHC

champions the cause of work safety and
health in the Philippines.
Brief History of OSH
 MANDATE
 Legal Basis

Created by virtue of Executive Order No.

307, on November 1987 by then President
Corazon C. Aquino.
Brief History of OSH
 VISION
A healthy and well-protected working
population in a caring and responsive
work environment brought about by
sound OSH policies and laws, research,
training, information exchange, technical
expertise and extensive networking.
Brief History of OSH
 MISSION
 Todevelop effective, responsive, and
sustainable OSH programs, policies and
services; promote excellent management
of resources and foster mutually
beneficial linkages that will create a
healthy and safe work environment for
workers in all industries.
QUALITY POLICY
The OSHC is committed to:

1. Provide a high quality service to protect the

workers through preventive safety and health
policies and programs.
2. Meet client requirements and expectations to
improve client satisfaction.
3. Compliance to applicable standards and
regulatory requirements.
4. Ensuring continuous improvement of the
Quality Management System to fulfill the
requirements of the standards of ISO 9001:2015.
FUNCTION OF OSH
 Undertake continuing studies and researches on
occupational safety and health.
FUNCTION OF OSH
 Plan, develop and implement occupational
safety and health training programs.
FUNCTION OF OSH
- Serve as clearing house for occupational safety and health
information, methods, techniques, and approaches; and,
Institute an information dissemination mechanism.
FUNCTION OF OSH
 Monitor work environment and conduct medical
examinations of workers.
FUNCTION OF OSH
 Serve as duly recognized agency for testing and
setting standard specifications of Personal Protective
Equipment and other safety devices.
FUNCTION OF OSH
 Assist other GO’s in policy and standards formulation on
occupational safety and health matters; issue technical
guidelines for prevention of occupational disease and
accidents.
FUNCTION OF OSH
 Enlist assistance of GO’s and NGO’s in
achieving the objectives of the Center.
FUNCTION OF OSH
 Perform such other acts appropriate for attainment of the above

functions and enforcement of the provisions of Executive

Order 307.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
What is Occupation?
- Occupation is a broad term that describes
a field of career interest.
- It is usually difficult to define what an
occupation is without also discussing other
terms that contribute to its definition.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Employer
- Includes any person acting directly or
indirectly in the interest of an employer, in
relation to an employee, and shall include
government-owned or controlled
corporations and institutions, as well as non-
profit private institutions or organizations.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Employee
- Shall mean any person hired, permitted or
suffered to work by an employer.

Industrial Enterprise
-Industry and Enterprise prepares you to
effectively take part in the workplace. It will also
help you explore the development of
enterprising behavior, leadership and innovation
in different workplace settings.
Example Industry
I.T Industry
- Information Technology (IT) is a business
sector that deals with computing, including
hardware, software, telecommunications
and generally anything involved in the
transmittal of information or the systems that
facilitate communication.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Agricultural Enterprise
- Means a business primarily engaged in the
production of food and fiber, and raising of
livestock, aqua- culture and all others .
 Occupational Classification
 Management Occupation
 Financial and Business operations Occupation
 Computer and Mathematical Occupation
 Architecture and Engineering Occupation
 Life, Physical and Social Science Occupation
 Community and Social Services Occupation
 Legal Occupations
 Educational and Social Services Occupation
 Arts and Design, Entertainment, Sports and Media Occupation
 Healthcare practitioners and Technical Occupations
 Food Preparations and serving related Occupations
 Office and Administrative Support Occupations
 Sales and Related Occupations
 Office and Administrative Support Occupations
 Installation, Maintenance and repair Occupations
JOB
A job is a specific position you hold within an
organization. Jobs are the most narrow way
to describe your professional experience, and
they may refer to something an individual
does on a full-time, part-time or freelance
basis.
CAREER
 This is a macro way to define the series of
positions you’ve held during your working
life. Often a career takes place in a single
industry, but work experience across
industries can also contribute to an
overarching career.
PROFESSION
A profession typically refers to a path that
mandates individuals have specialized
skills or knowledge. Professions often
require education, certification or
licensing. Professions are broader than job
titles but not as broad as an occupation.
For example, your job title may be
assistant district attorney, but your
profession is a lawyer.
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
 Occupational health is an area of work in public
health to promote and maintain highest degree of
physical, mental and social well-being of workers in
all occupations.

Its objectives are:

 the maintenance and promotion of workers' health
and working capacity;
 the improvement of working conditions and the
working environment to become conducive to
safety and health;
 To prevent occupational diseases and injuries.
 It should be preventive than curative.
HAZARDS
A hazard is a dangerous phenomenon,
substance, human activity or condition. It
may cause loss of life, injury or other
health impacts, property damage, loss of
livelihoods and services, social and
economic disruption, or environmental
damage.
Activity no. 2 Find the Hazards’
Safety Hazards Health Hazards

•Fire
•Hot cooking grease •Cleaning chemicals
•Hot grill •Customers (stress)
•Hot oven •Heavy lifting
•Knives •Pressure to work fast
•Slippery floors (stress)
•Steam
Safety Hazards Health Hazards

•Bending, reaching
•Cleaning chemicals
•Customers (stress)
•Heavy lifting
•Box cutter
•Pressure to work fast
•Meat slicer
(stress)
•Repetitive motion
•Customers (stress)
•Standing a lot
Safety Hazards Health Hazards

•Awkward posture
•Copier and other
•Cluttered workplace chemicals
•Tripping hazards •Fast work pace (stress)
•Repetitive use of
keyboard
Safety Hazards Health Hazards

•Customers
•Robbery
(stress)
•Slippery surfaces
•Gasoline
•Tools and
•Other chemicals
equipment
•Weather
 OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE
 An occupational disease is a disease or
disorder caused by the work or working
conditions. This means that the disease
must have developed due to workplace
exposure and that the correlation
between the exposures and the disease
is well-known in medical research.
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES

1. Hazard Prevention and Control

- Effective controls protect workers from workplace
hazards; help avoid injuries, illnesses, and
incidents; minimize or eliminate safety and health
risks; and help employers provide workers with
safe and healthful working conditions
To effectively control and prevent
hazards, employers should:
Involve workers, who often have the
best understanding of the conditions
that create hazards and insights into
how they can be controlled.
To effectively control and prevent
hazards, employers should:
Identify and evaluate options for
controlling hazards, using a
"hierarchy of controls."
To effectively control and prevent
hazards, employers should:

Use a hazard control plan to guide the

selection and implementation of controls,
and implement controls according to the
plan.
To effectively control and prevent
hazards, employers should:

Develop plans with measures to protect

workers during emergencies and non-
routine activities.
 To effectively control and prevent
hazards, employers should:
 Evaluate the effectiveness of existing controls to
determine whether they continue to provide
protection, or whether different controls may be
more effective. Review new technologies for their
potential to be more protective, more reliable, or
less costly.
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES
2. Training Programs
- A training program is a planned sequence and
combination of activities designed to equip
employees with knowledge and skills to become
better professionals. Each training program is aimed
at achieving specific business goals.
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES

3. Health Risk Assessment

 A health risk assessment is the process to
estimate the nature and probability of adverse
health effects in humans who may be exposed to
chemicals in contaminated environmental media,
now or in the future.
 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES
4. Improved Employee Safety
- Stop and think for a moment about how often and in
what ways you convey the importance of workplace
safety to your employees. Does it get discussed
monthly? Quarterly? Annually? If you want to reduce
workplace injuries, consider making workplace
safety an important part of your company’s culture.

- You can begin by understanding the root causes of

your most serious workplace injuries and regularly
surveying the workplace for potential safety hazards
in equipment and work design.
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES
5. First Aid and CPR
- Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a
lifesaving technique that's useful in many
emergencies in which someone's breathing or
heartbeat has stopped.
 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES
6. Supervision of Vulnerable groups
- there is no generally accepted definition of
“vulnerable worker”, the term is often used to
refer to those for whom employment is
precarious, poorly paid and sometimes dangerous,
and who often suffer from some form of
discrimination.
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES
6. Supervision of Vulnerable groups
- Such workers nevertheless have a number of
characteristics in common:

- Their vulnerability is often related to their gender

or age.
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES
7. General Health Examinations
- A physical exam is an evaluation of your overall
health. A primary care provider performs a physical
exam.
This exam focuses on preventive care so you can
get to good health or maintain it. If your provider
suspects a health concern or you have a concern,
they may refer you to see a specialist or offer tests
to learn more about your symptoms. You don’t
have to be ill to get a physical exam.
 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES
Why do I need a physical exam?
The purpose of a physical exam is to:
 Check your general health.
 Make recommendations about how you can reach
or maintain good health.
 Look for any underlying conditions or address any
symptoms you experience.
 Get immunizations or vaccines.
 Ask questions and get answers about your health.
 Verify that you’re in good health to work a job that
requires a pre-employment physical or to play a sport
that requires a sports physical.
 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES
8. Injury care and Management
- Injury care management involves activities and
procedures undertaken or established to enable
workers with a work-related injury or illness to
achieve a timely, safe and durable return
to/recovery at work.
 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES
9. Treatment
- The application of medicines, surgery,
psychotherapy, etc, to a patient or to a disease
or symptom
 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES
10. Contribute to Vocational Rehabilitation
- For individuals with disabilities who aspire to join
the workforce, the path to finding gainful
employment with a secure job that is tailored to
their needs can be challenging.

- provides specialized services that are designed to

empower individuals with disabilities by providing
them with individualized support, training, and
resources on their path to meaningful
employment.
 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES
11. Disease prevention and health promotion
-Health promotion and disease prevention programs
often address social determinants of health, which
influence modifiable risk behaviors. Social
determinants of health are the economic, social,
cultural, and political conditions in which people are
born, grow, and live that affect health status.
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES

Enables people to increase control over their

health. It covers a wide range of social and
environmental interventions that are designed
to benefit and protect individual people’s
health and quality of life by addressing and
preventing the root causes of ill health, not
just focusing on treatment and cure.
 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES
 Typical activities for health promotion, disease
prevention, and wellness programs include:
Communication:
- Raising awareness about healthy behaviors for
the general public. Examples of communication
strategies include public service
announcements, health fairs, mass media
campaigns, and newsletters.
 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES

 Education:
- Empowering behavior change and actions
through increased knowledge. Examples of health
education strategies include courses, trainings, and
support groups.
 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES

 Policy, Systems, and Environment:

- Making systematic changes – through improved
laws, rules, and regulations (policy), functional
organizational components (systems), and
economic, social, or physical environment – to
encourage, make available, and enable healthy
choices.
 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES
12. Health Education
- Is a profession of educating people about
health. Areas within this profession
encompass environmental health, physical
health, social health, emotional health,
intellectual health, and spiritual health, as
well as sexual and reproductive health
education.
 OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS
Occupational hazards are risks associated with
working in specific occupations. The
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA) describes five categories of occupational
hazards:
1. Physical safety hazards,
2. Chemical hazards,
3. Biological hazards,
4. Mechanical Hazards
5. Psychological Hazards
 PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Types of physical hazards
- The main factors and conditions associated with
physical hazards include:
 body stressing
 confined spaces
 electricity
 heat
 heights
 noise
 vibration.
 PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Types of physical hazards
1. Body stressing
- Body stressing is a collective term covering a broad range of
health problems associated with repetitive and strenuous work.
Factors influencing body stressing
 Body stressing injuries, or musculoskeletal disorders (MSD),
often develop from carrying out Hazardous Manual Task.
 Body stressing injuries at work can result from a variety of
factors:
 Psychosocial aspects of work – factors such as job demands,
control, support and satisfaction, imbalance between effort
and reward and monotony of tasks. Financial concerns or
relationship issues may also contribute.
 PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Types of physical hazards
1. Body stressing
 Biomechanical - soft tissue damage which may occur
through:
 direct exposure (blunt trauma or sudden overload),
leading to a muscle tear or sprain, or
 indirect exposure (repeated light loading), leading to
symptoms that may accumulate to cause further
degeneration and injury.
 Individual worker characteristics – factors including
health problems or out of hours demands.
 PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Types of physical hazards
2. Confined Spaces
- Confined spaces are enclosed or partly enclosed
spaces that are not designed for people to work in,
but in which people need to work inside
occasionally.
- They can have poor ventilation and are a risk to
health and safety from dangerous oxygen levels
and contaminants like airborne gases, vapours and
dusts.
 PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Types of physical hazards
3. Electricity
- Electric shock through poor electrical installation
and faulty appliances can cause serious injury and
even death. It can result in:
 death from electrocution
 burn injuries to skin and internal tissue as well as
damage to the heart
 other injuries, such as falling from ladders and
heights, muscle spasms, palpitations and
unconsciousness.
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Types of physical hazards
4. Heat
- Heat strain can result from working in hot
temperatures and being exposed to high levels
of humidity or thermal radiation, such as in
foundries, commercial kitchens and laundries.

- When working in extreme heat conditions, you

must be able to carry out work without a risk to
your health and safety, so far as is reasonably
practicable.
 PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Types of physical hazards
5. Heights
- Working at heights is a high-risk activity and a
leading cause of death and serious injury in the
Philippines.
 PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Types of physical hazards
6. Noise
- Noise in the workplace is considered excessive
when you need to raise your voice to be heard by
someone a meter away.
- Excessive noise can lead to temporary or
permanent hearing loss or tinnitus (ringing in the
ears). It can also affect psychological health
including anxiety, depression, fatigue,
sleeplessness, memory and decision making.
 PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Types of physical hazards
7. Vibration
- There are risks connected to working with
vibrating equipment and plant which need to
be assessed and managed.
- Evidence also shows that people who
experience vibration and noise at the same
time are more likely to suffer hearing loss and
musculoskeletal problems, than people
exposed to noise or vibration alone.
 PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Types of physical hazards
7. Vibration
- There are risks connected to working with
vibrating equipment and plant which need to be
assessed and managed.
- Evidence also shows that people who
experience vibration and noise at the same time
are more likely to suffer hearing loss and
musculoskeletal problems, than people exposed
to noise or vibration alone.