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Lecture - V (Compatibility Mode)

Airborne remote sensing has the advantage of very high spatial resolution but has high costs and a small coverage area compared to satellite remote sensing. It is not practical to map large areas using airborne sensors due to their narrow swaths. In contrast, earth observation satellites allow for continuous monitoring over wide areas at lower resolution and cost.

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28 views7 pages

Lecture - V (Compatibility Mode)

Airborne remote sensing has the advantage of very high spatial resolution but has high costs and a small coverage area compared to satellite remote sensing. It is not practical to map large areas using airborne sensors due to their narrow swaths. In contrast, earth observation satellites allow for continuous monitoring over wide areas at lower resolution and cost.

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kkipchirchirpeter
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AIRBORNE REMOTE SENSING AND SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING

§ An advantage of airborne remote sensing,


compared to satellite remote sensing, is the
capability of offering very high ground sampling
distance (GSD)

§ The disadvantages are low coverage area and


high cost per unit area of ground coverage.

§ It is not cost-effective to map a large area using


an airborne remote sensing system due to its
small swath.

§ Airborne remote sensing missions are often


carried out as one-time operations, whereas
earth observation satellites offer the possibility
of continuous monitoring of the earth

Figure 17: Air- and space borne imaging


SATELLITE DATA

1. Raster Data
– Raster data capture/format
• Raster is a method for the storage, processing and display of spatial data in grid
cells.

• Each area is divided into rows and columns, which form a regular grid
structure/cell. Each cell/pixel must be rectangular in shape.

• Each cell within this matrix contains location co-ordinates as well as an attribute
value.

• The spatial location of each cell is implicitly contained within the ordering of the
matrix, unlike a vector structure which stores topology explicitly.

• The spatial location of each cell is implicitly contained within the ordering of the
matrix, unlike a vector structure which stores topology explicitly.

• The spatial location of each cell is implicitly contained within the ordering of the
matrix, unlike a vector structure which stores topology explicitly.
RASTER DATA CAPTURE

Farmland
Road network

Settlement

Bare land

Water body

Figure 18: Raster data capture format


2. VECTOR DATA

• Vector data is defined in terms of actual location of features in X and Y coordinates.

• Raster data can be easily vectorized via, digitizing, georeferecing, using matlab and other
software packages.

• Rasterization of a vector data is a more tedious procedure.

Figure 19: Vectorizing a raster data


TABLE 2: ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES OF RASTER AND VECTOR
DATA MODELS

Operations Raster Vector

Precision in graphics No Yes


Data volume No Yes
Topology No Yes
Computation Yes No
Update Yes No
Continuous space Yes No
Integration Yes No
Discontinuous No Yes
HIGH RESOLUTION SATELLITES (I)
• Very High Resolution (hi-res) images (< 1m) are now available commercially but at a high
price and with limited swath width and hence long repeat cycle. Swath width is the
maximum width of the frame image at any moment.

• Imaging can be done from the later part of the UV to the Microwave portion of the EM
Spectrum.

• High resolution images can either be optical or radar.

Examples

• GeoEye
GeoEye-1 was launched on 6 September 2008 and has the highest resolution of any
commercial imaging system. GeoEye-1, a polar-orbiting satellite, can revisit any point on Earth
once every three days or sooner.
-Spatial – 0.41 m Pan and 1.65 m MSS from a 15.2 km swath width/footprint
HIGH RESOLUTION SATELLITES (II)

• IKONOS
– Ikonos was launched by Space Imaging in 1999 and was the first commercial satellite
in the world to offer very high resolution satellite data.

– Ikonos offers spatial resolutions of 82 cm panchromatic (3.2 m MSS) or 1 m (MSS)


pansharpened.

– a swath width of only 11 km.

• Quick Bird
– Featuring the highest spatial resolution of any commercial remote sensing satellite.

– Quick Bird offers 60 cm resolution (panchromatic or pansharpened) and 2.4 m


multispectral collected in a wide swath of 16.5 km.
–
– which means that large areas can be acquired in one image.

– It is the largest footprint high resolution multispectral satellite.

– a swath width of only 10 km

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