VITAL POINT STRIKES

THE ART & SCIENCE OF

STRIKING VITAL TARGETS
FOR SELF-DEFENSE AND
COMBAT SPORTS

OTHER TITLES BY THE AUTHOR

BOOKS

Ultimate Flexibility

Ultimate Fitness Through Martial Arts

Combat Strategy

The Art of Harmony

Teaching Martial Arts: The Way of The Master

Martial Arts Instructor's Desk Reference

1,001 Ways To Motivate Yourself & Others

Martial Arts After 40

Complete Taekwondo Poomsae

Taekwondo Kyorugi: Olympic Style Sparring

Muye Dobo Tongji: The Comprehensive Illustrated Manual

of Martial Arts of Ancient Korea
DVDs

Ultimate Flexibility

Power Breathing

Ultimate Fitness

Self-defense Encyclopedia

Junsado: Combat Strategy

Junsado: Short Stick Combat (I & 2)

Junsado: Long Stick

Junsado: Double Sticks

Wrist & Arresting Locks

Knife Defense (I & 2)

Complete Kicking (1 & 2)

Complete Sparring (I & 2)

Ultimate Kicking Drills

Aero Kicks

Top 100 Scoring Techniques

Taegeuk Poomsae

Palgwae Poomsae

and more
VITAL POINT STRIKES
 THE ART & SCIENCE OF
STRIKING VITAL TARGETS
FOR SELF-DEFENSE AND
COMBAT SPORTS

Sang H. Kim, Ph.D.

 DEDICATION
To my father who persevered and survived WWII, the Korean War and his
own inner war, for his dreams with grace and valor.

To my grandmother who taught me the value of gentle discipline in martial

arts since I was 4.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I am deeply grateful to my teachers: Calligraphy Master Jung Dong-shik at
liwawon Elementary School, Taekwondo Master Kim Dae-shik at Dalsung
Middle School, Calligraphy Grandmaster Lee Sung-Jae at Daegun I Iigh
School, Grandmaster Kim Do-boo at Taekwondo Yunmukwan in Daegu
City, Superintendent Kim Soo-hwan of National Police Agency of Korea,
Hapkido Master Kim Jae-hwan and Kim Dong-hwan, Grandmaster Park
Yong-tak at Taekwondo Jungmu Dojang in Daegu City, Kumdo Master
Lee S. Won, Grandmaster Kim Ho je, Dean Emeritus at Kuk- kiwon Seoul,
Dr. Kim Sung-bae for Acupuncture knowledge, Dr. Arthur Joseph
McTaggart of USIS in Daegu City, Ambassador Dr. Chang Dong-hee,
Professor Han Young-choon and Professor Park Sung-han of Yeungnam
University, Dr. Lee Kyu-hyung of Kyemyung University, CID officers at
Camp Walker in Daegu City, Dr. Ken Min at UC Berkeley, Dr. Hwang In-
soo at Yale University, Dr. James Agli of Southern Connecticut State
University; to my friends: Professor Chung Kuk-hyun of Korean National
Physical Education University and 4 time Olympic champion,
Grandmaster Yuri Jun-chul, Dr. Chung Jin-bae of Yeonsei University, Dr.
Stephen Harrigan; to my former colleagues who gave their lives in their
missions and those whom I have trained with and learned from.

My enlightenment in the art of survival came from classes under special

agent instructor TK Kim in the Counter Intelligence Academy in South
Korea. lie taught us how to reinvent an invincible self to survive captivity
in enemy territories. Twice, I had the honor to remember him as my
mentor for life.

My special thanks goes to Alan Tafoya, a seasoned actor and martial artist,
for assisting me in this project and his sheer passion to enhance our arts. It
was great pleasure to work with him.

I also would like to thank my parents Kim Byung-soo and Oh Wol-ki for
preparing me to travel around the world without losing my identity; and to
William and Judith Mager for having faith in my dreams.

Finally, I have to admit that without the support and editorial collaboration
with my wife Cynthia and love and encouragement from our daughter
Jessica, this work could never be completed.

-Sang H. Kim
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
BOOK 1: VITAL POINT FUNDAMENTALS 17

CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Vital Points 19

What is a Vital Point? 21

Types of Vital Points 24

Pain Threshold 25

Pain Tolerance Factors 25

19 Lethal Points 26

49 Paralyzing Points 27

36 Tactical Points 28

Why Vital Points? 29

Cautions 32

CHAPTER 2: Vital Point Theories 33

Classic Eastern Theory 35

12 Meridians and 8 Vessels 35

Two Primary Vessels 40

Classic Western Theory 43

Nervous System 45
 On Pain 50

Pain and Reflexes 52

On Fear of Pain 54

The Circulatory System 57

Synthesis of East and West 58

Chapter Key Points 59

CHAPTER 3: Fighting Fundamentals 61

Fighting Zones and Ranges 63

Fighting Zones 63

Fighting Range 67

Region Strategy 71

Fighting Stance and Footwork 79

Fighting Stance 80

Footwork 83

Striking Directions and Angles 87

CHAPTER 4: Bodily Weapons and Techniques 91

Hands 95

Fingertips 96

Knuckle Punch/Press 100

 Fist 102

Open Hand 106

Elbow 109

Knee 115

Foot 121

Headbutt 127

BOOK 2: VITAL POINTS AND TECHNIQUES 131

CHAPTER 5: Plexus Strikes 135

Nerve Networks 137

12 Major Plexus 138

Applications 141

CHAPTER 6: Vital Points on the Head & Neck 145

Significance of the Head & Neck 147

Vital Points on the Head 149

Anterior Head 149

Applications 152

Lateral Head 155

Applications 157

Posterior Head 160

Applications 161
 Top of the Head 163

Applications 164

Vital Points on the Neck 166

Anterior Neck 166

Applications 167

CHAPTER 7: Vital Points on the Trunk 169

Significance of the Trunk 171

Vital Points on the Trunk 173

Anterior Trunk 173

Applications 178

Posterior Trunk 186

Applications 190

CHAPTER 8: Vital Points on the Arm & Hand 197

Significance of the Arm & Hand 199

Vital Points on the Arm 201

Anterior Arm 201

Applications 204

Posterior Arm 210

Applications 212

Vital Points on the Hand 217

 Anterior Hand 217

Applications 218

Posterior Hand 220

Applications 221

CHAPTER 9: Vital Points on the Leg & Foot 223

Significance of the Leg & Foot 225

Vital Points on the Leg 227

Anterior Leg 227

Applications 230

Posterior Leg 234

Applications 236

Interior Leg 239

Applications 241

Exterior Leg 244

Applications 246

Vital Points on the Foot 249

Anterior Foot 249

Applications 250

Interior Foot 252

Applications 253
 Exterior Foot 255

Applications 256

BOOK 3: VITAL POINT APPLICATIONS 259

CHAPTER 10: Vital Point Striking Drills 261

CHAPTER 11: Standing Fight Applications 275

CHAPTER 12: Ground Fight Applications 321

CHAPTER 13: Knife Defense Applications 339

CHAPTER 14: Gun Defense Applications 371

Appendix 381

Vital Point Charts 382

Vital Point Terms 385

References 397

Glossary 399

Index 403

About the Author 413

NOTES ON TRANSLATION
In translating the original Chinese characters for
acupoint names, the author uses Pinyin (also known as
lianyu Pinyin). Pinyin is similar to the English
alphabet despite certain limitations. For those who
have further interest in studying meridians, the Pinyin
system can he of help in learning the terms correctly.

For the translation of words into English and Korean,

the author has borne in mind the following principles:

1. Each Chinese character was translated literally.

2. Ifthe literal translation failed, interpretation as

closely as possible to the meaning of the context was
applied.

3. The same Chinese character was repeatedly

translated as the same English or Korean word for the
ease of reading.

4. Referring to existing translations of the Chinese

characters by the traditional Chinese medicine texts,
the author tried to enhance the structure ofthe words
for universal comprehension, preferring
meaningfulness and contextual relevance to literal
correctness.
 PREFACE
Looking back, the beginning of this book was conceived in a military tent
in 1981. 1 was an undercover agent living with over 1,200 top criminals
who had been arrested during a tough sweep by the newly installed
government. One of my missions was to investigate the causes of a half
dozen deaths involving internal abdominal hemorrhaging among the
prisoners. My discovery was that most of the dead were brutally struck in
the infraanterior pelvic region prior to death. In all of the cases, there
were signs of extreme suffering that had lasted from a few minutes to a
few hours. Since the location of the prison camp was isolated near the
demilitarized zone and the medical facilities in the camp were poorly
equipped, the available treatment was not adequate to save the lives of the
prisoners. In addition to capturing the killers, what interested me, since I
was an ardent martial art practitioner, was the discovery of the
relationship between the injuries and the causes of death. Blows to the
neck, damage to the Solar Plexus, and kicks to the lower abdomen all
caused internal bleeding in the abdomen which resulted in death.

Prior to this posting, my martial arts experience had been marked by

competition experience in Taekwondo and hand-to-hand combat training
in the military. I had witnessed many competitors receive bruises and
broken bones and get knocked out by blows to the head but I had never
seen the brutal effects that could result from a kick or strike to a vital
point such as the blows the prisoners had suffered in the camp.

During this time, as an officer in the camp, I was also the target of daily
assault attempts by prisoners, including attacks by prisoners with
makeshift weapons fashioned from objects like toothbrushes. Over the
months that I was posted at the camp, I had many opportunities to defend
myself and learned valuable lessons about the type of techniques that
work in a physical confrontation and about the mental fortitude required
to confront an assailant who had nothing to lose and was intent on killing.
That was nearly 3 decades ago but the lessons of that hellish time have
stayed with me and I have always wanted to create a practical reference
for martial artists that integrates Eastern acupoint theory, Western science
and anatomy, and effective martial arts techniques. This book is not
intended to be a comprehensive reference but to be the book that I wished
I had access to when I was a young martial artist. My focus is on
illustrating the relationships between Eastern and Western theories and
demystifying some of the myths surrounding pressure point techniques,
making the concepts accessible to the average martial artist. However, at
the same time, I strongly recommend that interested readers seek out a
skilled and knowledgeable instructor.

Vital Point Strikes is not a complete art or science. Vital point striking is a
complex and potentially dangerous subject of study and certainly not one
you can learn from a book. This book is intended to be a supplement to
study with an instructor.

It has been 30 years in the making but my hope is that each reader will see
this book as a stepping-stone to developing the ideas illustrated here for
those who follow our footsteps.

-Sang H. Kim

from Santa Fe, Spring 2008

VITAL POINT STRIKES
 THE ART & SCIENCE OF
STRIKING VITAL TARGETS
FOR SELF-DEFENSE AND
COMBAT SPORTS
BOOK
 1
VITAL POINT
FUNDAMENTALS
"Knowledge is a most vital element in combat. Your ability to take action
depends on it."
Sang H. Kim, combat strategy
VITAL POINTS
 WHAT IS A VITAL POINT?

Vital Pain Points (!1~1~ : Keupso or Kyusho)

A vital point is a pressure sensitive point on

or near the surface of the human body. Vital
points function like gateways to the nervous
system, the main controller of the body,
allowing you to use pain to influence the
actions and reactions of an opponent. Even a
single strike can cause serious damage,
unconsciousness or, in rare cases, death.

For example, a forceful stre into the Wind

Mansion (GV 16) at the base of the brain
can result in it instant death. The gallbladder
(on the right side of the trunk, below the
liver) and the Sauce Receptacle (CV24) on
the tip of the chin are targets for potential
knockout blows in boxing. The carotid
artery, temple and Philtrum are common
targets for striking in a selfdefense situation.
 Figure 1.1 Examples of major vital points.

Figure 1.2 Examples of vital areas on the neck.

 The rear and sides of the neck and head are rich with vital points due to the
presence of nerves and arteries. For example, a forceful strike to the carotid
artery on the neck can cause a loss of consciousness because the shock of
impact disturbs the flow of blood and oxygen to the brain, causing a
blackout. But also note the other major arteries and nerves in close proximity
to the carotid artery which provide viable alternate targets.

Vital Points Can Shut Down the System

Because the human body is a highly

complicated interconnected system, it is
vulnerable to attacks that disable key points
of the system, thereby causing sys- temwide
failure. By attacking one of the vital regions
of the body, you can paralyze the entire
system. Particularly damaging are attacks on
the nervous system. When the nervous
system becomes disabled, so does the rest of
the body. Injuries to the brain and spinal
cord are among the most lethal. A relatively
minor injury, like a concussion causes a
temporary loss of mental faculties while a
serious injury, like a severance of the spinal
cord can cause permanent paralysis or death.
Because it attacks a key area of the human
system with a specific objective, a vital
point strike can turn a physical brawl into a
tactical fight and render an opponent
powerless.

Figure 1.3 10 primary vital regions.

Self-defense and Vital Points

Generally in fighting, size, power, speed,

and aggression matter. In order to survive,
you need to have something that makes you
superior to your opponent. Physically, it is
nearly impossible to always be the bigger,
stronger fighter. Size is relative. If you are 5
feet tall, you may encounter an opponent
who is 6 feet tall or 4 feet tall so your size
and power can only be effective relative to a
situation. Your knowledge and fighting
strategy, however, are constant.

By practicing and understanding vital point

strikes, your striking power can be 3 to 5
times more effective than randomly striking
an opponent.

The key to successful vital point striking is

combining technical knowledge of the
human body with physical precision. For
example, a strike to the carotid artery in the
neck can knock out an opponent in a matter
of seconds. Vital point striking can help you
overcome a deficit in size and power.

The question then is how accurately and

forcefully you can strike a lunging, moving,
resisting opponent. With practice and
knowledge, you can improve your speed and
accuracy, increasing the possibility that in a
real confrontation you could strike a
successful vital point blow.
The Origin of Vital Points

Traditionally, there are approximately 409 named vital points located along
12 meridians and 2 vessels of the human body. Because there are 12
meridians on the right side of the body and 12 meridians on the left side of
the body, there are a total of 24 meridians. Alternatively, the 12 meridians
and 2 vessels are sometimes simply referred to as 14 meridians.

Originally, vital points (acupoints) were used for medical purposes. In time,
martial art masters began to incorporate this medical knowledge into their
training. They recorded what they discovered in secret books and handed the
knowledge down to trustworthy disciples. Traditionally secret techniques
included 1lwal- bup (resuscitation methods), Salbup (killing methods), and
[Joshinbup (self-defense methods).

Vital Point Applications

There are approximately 202 named vital points on the

body that can be used practically in fighting, including 19
lethal points, 49 paralyzing points, and 36 tactical points.

Since vital point striking is an efficient way of defeating

an opponent, it is widely used in full contact sport fighting,
military hand-to-hand or hand-to-weapon combat, police
work, and personal self-protection. In police work, vital
points are effectively used to subdue and control criminals
without using excessive force. In combat sports like
boxing, jujitsu, taekwondo and MMA, competitors exploit
 vital points to knock an opponent out or force him to
submit.

Two Supervising Meridians

The Governing Vessel runs along the midlinc of the hack, ascenclin,' to the
head and descending to the face. It connects With and governs all the l nig
meridians and is called the Sea o/ the Yang Meridians.
 Figure 1.4 The Governing vessel with 28 acupoints.
The Conception 6essel runs along the midline of the ahclomen and chest,
ascending to the chin. It connects with all of the Yin meridians. It receives
the energy from the Yin meridians and conceives new energy to distribute to
the entire hodv. It is called the Sea of the Yin Meridians.

Figure 1.5 The Conception vessel with 24 acupoints.

 TYPES OF VITAL POINTS
Lethal Points

When martial artists think of vital point

attacking, they often focus on the "death
touch" aspect of vital point arts. However,
while killing a person with a single empty-
handed strike is possible, it is highly
unlikely, especially when striking a moving
opponent. Death is more likely to result
from a vital point attack using a weapon,
like a knife or blade, a skill that is often
taught in military training.

It is important to understand that striking,

pressing or penetrating lethal points with
sufficient force can damage the Central
Nervous System or Cardiovascular System
with fatal consequences. The most
vulnerable vital points are located on the
head, neck, chest and abdomen and severe
injury to these points can result

in death. The primary causes of death from

vital point attacks are related to
hemorrhaging caused by blunt or
penetrating trauma, irreversible shock,
multiple traumatic injuries and organ
failure.

Paralyzing Points

Although some vital points are not lethal,

when struck accurately at the proper angle
with sufficient force, a strike can cause
unconsciousness, temporary paralysis of an
area of the body or incapacitating trauma.
Striking these points can end a
confrontation, render an assailant helpless
or provide a window of time during which
you can escape to safety. For example, a
solid hook or uppercut punch to the
Gallbladder (AD-T2) can temporarily cause
the liver to stop functioning correctly. It
may also momentarily take away the ability
to breathe, creating the feeling of a
complete loss of power. Striking paralyzing
points can temporarily or even permanently
damage the Central Nervous System,
therefore these points should not be used
without justification.

Tactical Points

Some vital points are tactically important.

For example, pinching the thigh muscles
will make your opponent move away from
you to escape the pain. This gives you time
to escape or counterattack. Attacking
tactical points on the legs takes away an
opponent's mobility; attacking the arms
takes away his striking and grabbing power.
Tactical point attacks reduce your
opponent's capacity or stamina or force him
to react in ways that are advantageous for
you. Because they are nonlethal, tactical
points are preferable in most situations to
the more permanently damaging paralyzing
and lethal points.
 Pain Tolerance Factors

Pain tolerance is a measure of the amount of pain that it person can endure
before breaking down emotionally and or physically and giving up. Studies
show that there are definite relationships between psychological factors and
the body's physiological pain responses. There are also complex
interactions of biological and cultural variables in dealing with pain, a child
raised in a physically harsh environment will grow into adulthood with a
higher level ofpain tolerance than a child with a "softer" upbringing.

It is not possible to quantity how much of a person's pain tolerance is

influenced by physiological factors and how much is "mind over matter,"
but it is clear that psychological factors can have a significant effect on a
person's physiological responses. Some people are good at self-denial,
including the denial of physical and emotional pain. Ultimately, because
pain is sensed in the brain, it is the brain that determines how painful the
stimulus is. The reality of pain becomes real only when the brain quantifies
it.

Pain tolerance also fluctuates with your physical and

mental condition. Pain seems to be tolerated less well
during all Illness, especially when fever is present.
Emotional uncertainty causes anxiety, which in turn lowers
pain tolerance. When the mind or body is weakened, pain
is generally felt more acutely.

Many martial arts and military training pro- granms

include methods aimed at increasing a trainee's pain
tolerance levels. These training pro- granms include both
physical techniques like using deep breathing to lower the
heart rate and blood pressure, thereby elevating the body's
pain tolerance, and psychological techniques like mental
distraction to move the mind's attention away from the
pain. In martial arts training, it has long been believed that
 using the mind to overcome physical pain is a path to
enlightenment.

Pain Threshold

A person's pain threshold is the minimum intensity or duration of a

sensory stimulus needed to produce pain. It's important to understand the
difference between pain tolerance and pain threshold. The pain threshold is
the minimum amount of stimulus required to cause pain. For example, how
far someone has to bend your finger backward to cause the first sensation
ofpain. Pain tolerance is the degree ofpain you can tolerate. For example,
you can stand the pain of someone bending your finger backward 20
degrees but no more.

While many techniques are available to attempt to increase your pain

tolerance, your pain threshold is fairly constant. It may be temporarily
lowered by a localized inflammation. Ifyou sprain your finger, bending it
even 5 degrees backward may elicit pain due to the swelling or bruising of
the injury. Taking medication that reduces the pain and inflammation may
change your pain threshold while your body is under the influence ofthe
medication, but when the effects of the medication wear off', your pain
threshold will return to its previous level.

Understanding the relationship of a person's pain threshold and pain

tolerance is important in the use of vital point striking. To have an effect,
your techniques must at a minimum trigger an opponent's pain threshold.
From that point, you'll have a range of' pain to work within, as indicated by
the gray area in

Figure 1.6, until the opponent reaches the limit of his pain
tolerance. This range of pain can he used to gain
compliance from an opponent in a self-defense or law
enforcement situation or to submit an opponent in sport
fighting.
 Varying the level of'pain according to the opponent's
response is a valuable tool, not only to gain physical
compliance but also to intimidate the opponent. By
increasing pain when an opponent resists and, conversely,
decreasing it when he complies, you establish
psychological dominance. This can he particularly
valuable in law enforcement, when you need to hand-
cutl'a suspect and walk him to your car. A suspect who
knows that he can avoid further pain by complying with
your instructions is less likely to put up a fight.

Figure 1.6 Pain threshold and pain tolerance

 19 LETHAL POINTS

Striking lethal points can cause permanent damage and may cause
unintended death. (Points exist on both sides of the hodv except * marked
points.)

Figure 1.7 Anterior view of 9 lethal points.

Figure 1.8 Posterior view of 10 lethal points.
 49 PARALYZING POINTS

Accurateh° striking paralyzing points can cause unconsciousness and

incapacitation. (Points exist on both sides of the body except * marked
points.)

Figure 1.9 Anterior view of 33 paralyzing points.

Figure 1.10 Posterior view of 16 paralyzing points.
 36 TACTICAL POINTS

Tactical point strikes provide you with significant strategic advantages.

(Points exist on both sides of the body except * marked points.)

Figure 1.11 Anterior view of 21 tactical points.

Figure 1.12 Posterior view of 15 tactical points.
 WHY VITAL POINTS?

Visceral Pain

Knowledge is vital for sell-protection: how

to evade, intercept, counterattack, and cope
with the realities of a physical light.

Are you prepared ifsomeone punches you

in the stomach and you suddenly cannot
breathe? What about a kick to the groin or
knifehand chop to your Adam's apple, both
strikes that can temporarily disable you?
How about a finger jab into your eyes that
leaves you blind'? What about a rear naked
choke that leaves you on the verge of
passing out'?

More importantly, are you prepared for the

psychological aspects of a fight'? Being
physically assaulted is destructive and
disorienting. The brutality of unexpected
circumstance takes your mind away
instantly, especially when you are
unprepared. It can make you furious or
frightened, due to the pain and your inability
to cope with the situation.

When facing a sudden assault, the mind

goes blank momentarily, even for those who
are highly trained in combat arts. Yet in the
midst of this shock and confusion, it trained
mind finds ways to respond to the situation.
Your knowledge of'vital points and striking
techniques can be a valuable tool in
overcoming the initial panicked moments of
a fight.

Because vital point strikes are solid fighting

methods that you can depend on, you'll
come to think of them as your "secret
weapon" and when you have a secret
weapon, your attitude changes. You'll he
firmer in your stance, and you'll have
definitive guidelines for dealing with
specific situations. You'll have a plan that
allows you to work methodically to
demoralize an opponent.

Figure 1.13 Vital points on meridians.

Having a specific target. for each strike makes vote a more effective fighter.
The impact of targeting vital points is strikingly powerful. You can cause
the same type of fear and pain in your opponent that you are most fearful of.
By striking external pain spots, you can cause visceral pain internally. By
striking areas rich with nerves, you can impact several of the body's most
important systems with one blow.
 First you must know where those vital points are and how to strike them,
and for your own survival, you should understand how to protect your vital
weaknesses while exploiting the vital points of your opponent.

Nociceptors Sense Pain

Nerve cells play a large role in vital point striking. Nerve

endings known as nociceptors are found in any area of the
body that can sense pain either externally or internally.
When these nociceptors are stimulated by an external
threat, they transmit an electrical impulse to the brain,
which is translated into the feeling of pain at the site of the
stimulus. Because nociceptors are the origin of pain
sensation, most vital points are located along the nervous
system in the human body.

By striking the carotid artery on the neck, You can also impact several
nerves such as the supraclavicular, cutaneous, auricular, occipital and
accessory nerves.
 Figure 1.13 Nerve hub around the carotid artery.

A choke that cuts off the circulation o/ Mood and oxygen by pressing the
carotid artery and the windpipe is deadly.
 Figure 1.14 Interior view of a simultaneous choke on the carotid artery (1)
and windpipe (2).

Specific Results

In fighting, it is important to strike specific

targets with a specific goal in mind.
Randomly striking an opponent wastes
energy and opens you to potential
counterattacks. By understanding the impact
of'each strike and the possible reactions a
strike can provoke in an opponent, you can
plan your next move.

For example, when an assailant grabs your

collar, your first target would be his arm. As
he closes in, depending on his height, you
can strike his eyes or neck, punch his Solar
Plexus or kick him in the groin.

With every move your opponent makes, in

tact, he is exposing vital areas right in front
of you. The key is to strike the exposed vital
points hetore the opponent recovers and
makes his next move.

One Rule That Rules

Vital point strikes are essential for self

detense, law enforcement, military hand-to-
hand combat and sport fighting. Once you
are engaged in a fight, only one rule
prevails: strike the most vulnerable targets
in the shortest time to cause maximum
damage to the opponent.

For self-protection, strike the targets that

are closest to you or most exposed. For
police work, control the suspect's leverage
points. In hand-to-hand combat, strike the
most damaging areas. In competition, first
go to the chin and temple, then to the body.
Be stealthy and surprise your opponent.

Pain Works

No one likes pain. Although people vary

greatly in the way they respond to pain, the
intensity ot'stimuli needed to trigger the pain
threshold is almost the same for every
person. When you strike a vital point, the
stimulus travels through pain receptors to
the brain. Then the brain begins to work on
a solution to get rid of the source of the
pain: usually this involves avoiding the
source of the stimulus or covering the area
of the body where the pain is sensed.

This is an essential principle of vital point

striking. Attacking a vital point will cause
your opponent to try to move away from the
source of'the pain (you), to comply with
your demands to relieve the pain or to cover
the area of the body where the pain is
occurring. Keeping this in mind can help
you estimate how an opponent will react to a
specific type ofattack.

"Once you are engaged in a fight, only one rule prevails: strike the most
vulnerable targets in the shortest time to cause maximum damage to the
opponent. "
Figure 1.15 (I ) The Supporting Sines (131,56) point. (2) The Supporting
Mountain (131.57) point. Roth points pass the tibial nerve and the medial
sural cutaneous nerve.
 CAUTIONS

1. Understand the principles of vital

points and the consequences of striking
specific targets.

2. Begin to practice on easy to find

areas on your hands and arms.

3. Begin with light pressure and monitor

the effects carefully.

4. Inhale before pressing or striking.

Exhale while applying pressure.

5. Be aware that a vital point strike can

render a person unconscious, paralyze
some parts of the body and even cause
death. Never practice full power or full
pressure strikes on a partner and always
use common sense when practicing.

6. Have at least 72 hours rest between

practicing on the same points.

7. When you are tired, wait until you

fully recover before practicing.

8. After practice, rub the vital points

gently with oil or lotion. For bruises,
apply an ice pack for 15 minute
intervals and keep the body part
elevated above the heart level.
 VITAL POINT THEORIES

"With dexterity, no one can equal you in your maneuvers; and even the most
eminent masters can hardly fathom your concealed knowledge. Expecting
east, you go west. North yields to South. One concedes to the other to
complete the whole."
Sang H. Kim, in The Secret ofJunsado
 CLASSIC EASTERN THEORY

12 MERIDIANS AND 8 VESSELS

According to ancient Chinese medical theory, the

human hodv is interwoven with webs of meridians,
through which life energy called Ki (or Chi, Qi) flows.
The Ki completes a cycle from one meridian to another
every 24 hours. It is believed that Ki connects human
organs with cosmic energy through the 12 meridians,
which are connected to 8 vessels.

DISCOVERY OF ACUPOINTS

The Chinese and Koreans have used acupuncture for centuries. During the
Stone Age, they used stone needles called hian to treat various diseases.
From the 5th century B.C. they began to use metal needles, which lead to
greater success in treatments.

In the beginning, practitioners applied acupressure to the soft points of the

body to soothe pain. The rule of thumb was to press the point that indicated
pain. After much trial and error, a group of points that showed therapeutic
results was discovered.

As writing became available as a means of recording their discoveries, they

began to keep journals of the locations, actions and effects, assigning each
acupoint a specific name. By 259 A.D. 349 acupoints were discovered
(Zhenjiu Jiavi Jing), and by 1815, a total of 409 internal and superficial
acupoints had been compiled (Zhenjiu Fengvuan). This acupoint list is still
used today for acupuncture treatment. Modern acupuncturists have expanded
the list of acupoints to 800.

In this book, 202 vital points that are useful for fighting applications are
covered.
 12 MERIDIANS AND 8 VESSELS
Distribution of the Meridians

The twelve meridians are located

symmetrically on the right and left sides of
the body. There are six meridians on each of
the hands and feet: the three Yin meridians
of the hand run from the chest to the hand
(Interior Meridians); the three Yang
Meridians ofthe hand run from the hand to
the head (Exterior Meridians): the three
Yang Meridians of the toot run from the
head to the foot ( Exterior Meridians); the
three Yin Meridians of'the toot run from the
foot to the abdomen and chest (Interior
Meridians).

The Conception Vessel and the Governing

Vessel begin from the perineum and arise
along the anterior and the posterior midline
of the body respectively, ending at the
anterior head.

Twelve Meridians

Meridians are energy paths that connect to

the organs internally and to the limbs
externally. On the surface ofthe meridians,
there are accessible vital points that are
connected to the brain, chest and stomach.

The 12 Meridians are the Lung Meridian,

the Large Intestine Meridian, the Stomach
Meridian, the Spleen Meridian, the I leart
Meridian, the Small Intestine Meridian. the
Bladder Meridian, the Kidney Meridian, the
Pericardium Meridian, the Triple Warmer
Meridian, the Gallbladder Meridian, and the
Liver Meridian.

Eight Vessels

Vessels are energy paths that connect to the

meridians without a direct connection to the
organs. There are no accessible vital points
on the vessels except on the Governing
Vessel and the Conception Vessel. In this
book, therefore, only the two vessels with
vital points are included. Some Chinese
scientists classify these two vessels as
meridians, making 14 meridians.

The K vessels are: Governing Vessel,

Conception Vessel, Thrusting Vessel, Girdle
Vessel, Yang-Activation Vessel, Yin-
Activation Vessel, Yang-Maintenance
Vessel, and Yin-Maintenance Vessel.
 Figure 2.1 The flow of yin-yang meridians.

12 MERIDIANS

The Lung Meridian (11 acupoints)

Location: Begins near the stomach and ends at the thumb.

Function: Interacts with the lung and communicates with the large intestine;
connects to the Liver Meridian and the Large Intestine Meridian.

The Large Intestine Meridian (20 acupoints)

Location: Starts from the index fingernail and ends at the corner of the nose.

Function: Interacts with the large intestine and communicates with the lung;
connects to the Lung Meridian and the Stomach Meridian.

The Stomach Meridian (45 acupoints)

Location: Starts from the side of the nose and ends at the lower medial side
of the big toe.

Function: Interacts with the stomach and communicates with the spleen;
connects to the Large Intestine Meridian and the Spleen Meridian.

The Spleen Meridian (21 acupoints)

Location: Starts from the lower medial side of the big toenail and ends under
the armpit.

Function: Interacts with the spleen and communicates with the stomach;
connects to the Stomach Meridian and the Heart Meridian.

The Heart Meridian (9 acupoints)

Location: Starts from the heart and ends at the lower medial corner of the
small fingernail.

Function: Interacts with the heart and communicates with the small intestine;
connects to the Spleen Meridian and the Small Intestine Meridian.

The Small Intestine Meridian (19 acupoints)

Location: Starts from the lateral side of the tip of the small fingernail and
ends at the medial corner of the eye.

Function: Interacts with the small intestine and communicates with the heart;
connects to the Heart Meridian and the Bladder Meridian.

The Bladder Meridian (67 acupoints)

Location: Starts from the corner of the eye and ends at the lower lateral
corner of the small toenail.

Function: Interacts with the urinary bladder and communicates with the
kidney; connects to the Small Intestine Meridian and the Kidney Meridian.

The Kidney Meridian (27 acupoints)

Location: Starts from the small toe and ends at the pericardium.

Function: Interacts with the kidney and communicates with the urinary
bladder; connects to the Bladder Meridian and the Pericardium Meridian.

The Pericardium Meridian (9 acupoints)

Location: Starts from the pericardium and ends in the center of the tip of the
middle finger.

Function: Interacts with the pericardium and communicates with the Triple
Warmer; connects to the Kidney Meridian and the Triple Warmer Meridian.

The Triple Warmer Meridian (23 acupoints)

Location: Starts from the lower lateral corner of the fourth fingernail and
ends at the lateral side of the eye.

Function: Interacts with the Triple Warmer and communicates with the
pericardium; connects to the Pericardium Meridian and the Gallbladder
Meridian.
The Gallbladder Meridian (44 acupoints)

Location: Starts from the side of the eye and ends at the lower lateral comer-
of-the big toenail.

Function: Interacts with the gallbladder and communicates with the liver;
connects to the Triple Warmer Meridian and the Liver Meridian.

The Liver Meridian (14 acupoints)

Location: Starts from the big toenail and ends at the lungs.

Function: Interacts with the liver and communicates with the gallbladder;
connects to the Gallbladder Meridian and the Lung Meridian.

Figure 2.2 Anterior view of 12 meridians (6 each side).

Figure 2.3 Posterior view of 12 meridians (6 each side).
 TWO PRIMARY VESSELS (52 ACUPOINTS)
Conception Vessel (24 acupoints)

Location: Begins from the lower abdomen, runs along the midline through
the throat to the chin, curves around the lips passing through the cheek, and
ends in the infraorbital area.

Function: Communicates with the mouth, lips, eyes and eyelids.

Figure 2.4 24 vital points in the Conception Vessel.

Governing Vessel (28 acupoints)

Location: Begins at the pelvic cavity and ends at the Philtrum.

Function: Communicates with the brain, spinal cord, kidneys, uterus, nose,
eyes, mouth, and lips.

Figure 2.5 28 vital points in the Governing Vessel.

Behind Ki Theory

Yin-Yang and the Five Elements

In an attempt to explain cosmic phenomena, ancient Eastern philosophers

and scientists created the Yin and Yang diagram and the Five Element
Theory. They proposed that every change in the universe is the result of an
interaction between two opposing yet complementary energies called Yin-ki
(negative energy) and Yang-ki (positive energy). The Yin and Yang principle
describes the opposing yet interdependent and ceaselessly transforming
nature of the universe.

The Five Element Theory defines the five essential elements of the
universe - Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, and Water - and explains their
relationships based on two possible interactions: mutual nourishment and
mutual restraint. The theory proposes that these interactions can take the
form of two normal and three adverse patterns. The normal patterns are
energy generating and energy regulating; the adverse patterns are over-
restraint, overacting, and counteracting.

An energy generating relationship is one in which an element nourishes the

next clement in the cycle to promote growth. For example, water nourishes a
tree (wood). An energy regulating relationship is one in which an element
keeps another in check, balancing and neutralizing its energy. For example,
water extinguishes fire. The energy generating and energy regulating
relationships appear to be opposite in nature but, in fact, they are
interdependent and need each other to be whole. In traditional Chinese
medicine, the Five Element Theory is extended to explain the
interrelationship of the body's internal organs and to diagnose imbalances.
Figure 2.6 The five element diagram.

CHAIN REACTIONS

According to Eastern theory, based in part on the Five Element Theory,

health is maintained by balancing the energy in the body. When the
equilibrium is broken, disease occurs. Seemingly unrelated parts of the body
are interdependent. Nerve damage in one part of the body can cause illness
in a remote area, far from the original trauma. Similarly, in many cases, this
is how acupuncture treatment works: a stimulus in one part of the body
causes a reaction in another that promotes healing.

In the Western sport of boxing, a powerful punch to the chin deprives blood
and oxygen from the brain causing an instant knockout. Since the nerves in
the mandible (jaw) are connected to the mouth and digestive system, when
the chin is struck, it sparks a chain reaction in the digestive system causing
blood to rush away from the brain. As a result, the brain gets much less
oxygen and unconsciousness occurs.

A destructive stimulus in one part of the nervous system can cause deadly
results in seemingly unrelated parts of the body.
 CLASSIC WESTERN THEORY

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

Despite some differences, there are mcmty silltilarities

between the 1,astcrn meridian system and the ffi'stcrll
nervous and circulatory .st'.stem.s. For example, in
their respective .systems, the meridians and nerves
function to regulate the organs to maintain the overall
health of the body. Additionally, the meridians./ollou'
the path of the blood vessels or vice versa. In Eastern
belief, Ki (inner enelgt', ('hi, or Qi) and blood are
closely related in production, circulation, al7d
distr'ihrrtion. Ki is regarded as the commander of
blood: blood the mother of Ki. III Western anatomy,
the blood vessels and nerves go hand in hand In the
posterior spinal cord, for instance, arteries and nerves
travel clown the spinal cord branching out tlu'ough the
vertebrae cmd connecting to various parts of the
bodh•. The position of the Governing Transport
(131.16) coincides with the position of the branch of
the posterior intercostal arteries and the 61h intercostal
nerve under the 6th thoracic vertebra. These examples
manifest the common purpose of both systems. That
being said, this chapter. focuses on overall study of
1111111017 anatomy amid physiologt' 1o .synthesize
useful elements of hoth systems f n' practical
application in martial art training.
 NERVOUS SYSTEM
Nervous System

The master controller of the human body is the nervous system. It is the
lightest part of the body, yet it is the most complex and versatile system. The
nervous system is a network of nerve cells, called neurons, which regulate
the body's responses to stimuli by processing information, determining
responses, and sending out signals that trigger actions. The Central Nervous
System (CNS), made up of the brain and spinal cord, represents the largest
part of the nervous system while the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
comprises the remaining elements of the nervous system.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

The CNS is the command center of the body. It interprets incoming sensory
information, and then sends out instructions telling the body how to react.
The CNS consists of two major parts: the brain, which primarily processes
and analyzes information and sends out signals that trigger actions, and the
spinal cord, which transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the
body.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

The PNS is made up of the part of the nervous system that lies outside of
the brain and spinal cord (CNS) and serves the limbs and organs. The PNS is
further made up of two systems: the somatic nervous system and the
autonomic nervous system.

The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements of the skeletal

muscles to regulate activities that are under our conscious control, like
walking, running, or punching and receives external stimuli.

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is responsible for maintenance

activities in the body, which generally take place without our conscious
effort. The ANS is further divided into the parasympathetic nervous system
and the enteric nervous system, both responsible for the "rest and digest"
functions, and the sympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for the
"fight or flight" response experienced during stress or danger.

Because somatic and autonomic nerves originate in close proximity from

the spinal cord, they communicate with each other, so sensory information
from somatic nerves can trigger responses in autonomic nerves and vice
versa.

What does this mean'? When a somatic nerve senses

Figure 2.7 Central and peripheral nervous systems.

pain in a muscle, it can trigger a response in related autonomic nerves,
causing corresponding organs to shut down or shift into high gear, often
without the input of the brain. This is why striking a point on the leg, arm,
shoulder or other muscular area can impact the function of the heart,
kidneys, liver or stomach.
Neurons

Neurons are the cells that make up the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. They
are highly specialized for processing and transmission of cellular signals,
and because they are found throughout the body, they vary greatly in size,
shape and electrochemical properties.

There are three types of neurons. Sensory neurons carry sensory impulses
from receptors on the skin to the CNS. Motor neurons carry impulses from
the CNS to the muscles and glands. lnterneurons conduct impulses between
sensory neurons and motor neurons.

This information travels in the form of nerve impulses that are conducted
along axons. A nerve impulse can travel between 1.5 feet (unmyelinated
axons) and about 325 feet (myelinated axons) per second.

Nerves

A nerve is a cable-like bundle of axons (the long, slender

projections of neurons) wrapped in delicate connective
tissue. As part of the peripheral nervous system, nerves,
like neurons, conduct impulses. Afferent nerves deliver
signals to the CNS and efferent nerves relay impulses from
the CNS to the muscles and glands.

Most nerves connect to the C'NS through the spinal cord,

except for the twelve cranial nerves which connect directly
to the brain and primarily serve the motor and sensory
systems of the head and neck region.

Pain, in vital point striking, is the result of compressing a

nerve against a bone or a striking a nerve that is located
close to the surface of the skin.

At rest, the parasympathetic nervous system is at work. When faced with a

lifethreatening situation, the sympathetic nervous system comes into play,
preparing the body to respond to the threat by fighting or fleeing.
Figure 2.8 The functions of nervous systems.
 Major Cranial Nerves as Vital Points

Trigeminal nerves

Location: The trigeminal nerves are the largest of the cranial nerves. There
are three branches: the ophthalmic (eyes and forehead area), maxillary
(upper mouth area), and mandibular divisions (behind the ear, lower mouth
area). They receive sensation from the face.

Significance: Most of the vital points in the head are on one of the branches
of the trigeminal nerves.

Vagus nerves

Location: The vagus nerves start from the lower portion of the brainstem and
pass downward through the neck into the chest and abdomen. They transmit
impulses from the pharynx, larynx, viscera of the thorax and abdomen to the
brain. They are responsible for speech and swallowing.

Significance: Most of the vital points on the neck and lower posterior sides
of the face are on one of the branches of the vagus nerves.

Facial nerves

Location: The facial nerves emerge from the lower part of the pons and
spread over the sides of the face and the occipital region. They are
responsible fix facial expression, sense of taste, and the salivary lacrimal
glands.

Significance: Most of the vital points in the head are on one of the branches
of the facial nerves.

Accessory nerves

Location: The accessory nerves originate from the lower portion of the
brainstem. There are two branches: cranial and spinal. The cranial branch
merges with the vagus nerve and transmits impulses to muscles of pharynx
and larynx. The spinal branch extends downward into the neck and carries
impulses to the shoulder muscles.

Significance: Many vital points on the neck and shoulders are on one of the
branches of the accessory nerves.

Figure 2.10 31 pairs of spinal nerves plus major nerves on the posterior leg.
The Brain

The human brain is composed of up to I trillion nerve cells, of which 100

billion are neurons. The brain is protected by the skull and enveloped by
three layers of membranes. The outermost layer, the cerebral cortex, is
responsible for higher brain functions, such as sensation, voluntary muscle
movement, reasoning, memory and the expression of individuality. The
cerebral cortex receives incoming sensory information from the spinal cord
via the thalamus.

The thalamus functions as a central relay center for sensory impulses,

processing and relaying data from the spinal cord to the appropriate regions
of the cortex for interpretation. The thalamus also interprets sensations of
pain, pressure, temperature, touch, emotions and memory, translating the raw
data received from the rest of the body into a form that is "readable" by the
cerebral cortex.

The Spinal Cord

The spinal cord, which is made up of approximately 13.5 million neurons,

is a part of the brain stem. It carries impulses to and from the brain and
controls some reflex actions. The spinal cord is protected and cushioned by
vertebrae and membranes. It has two primary pathways: one that is
responsible for transmitting information related to touch, proprioception
(sense of relative position of your body parts) and vibration, and one that is
responsible for transmitting information related to pain and temperature.

The spinal cord is also responsible for managing the reflex arc, which
allows reflex actions to occur more quickly by activating spinal motor
neurons directly rather than sending information to the brain and waiting for
a reply. The brain receives information about the reflex action while it is
occurring rather than directing the action, as it does in more complex
situations.

An example of the reflex arc in action is the pin prick reflex. If someone
sharply jabs your hand with a pin, you will immediately pull your hand away
from the source of the pain. The sensory input of pain in your hand travels to
your spinal cord, is processed there and triggers a response that travels back
to the hand, instructing it to rapidly withdraw.

A more complex example of the reflex arc occurs when you need to make
multiple physical adjustments at once. For example, if someone kicks you in
the shin, you will not only retract your leg from the kicker, but also you will
shift your weight to your other leg to maintain balance and perhaps drop
your hands to the wounded area to cover it, all under the direction of the
spinal cord.

Figure 2.11 Function chart of spinal cord.

Spinal Injuries

Spinal nerves are the pathways of our life force. They are extremely
sensitive and vulnerable. Most spinal injuries incurred in a fight are caused
by falling, twisting, or throwing. Primary nerve injuries are caused by
punctures, incisions, or blunt trauma to the spinal cord such as herniated
discs, pinched nerves, and fractured vertebrae. In the event of this type of
injury, the victim may suffer an instant loss of motor, sensory, or autonomic
function. Secondary injuries, which tend to be chronic conditions such as
paralysis, are usually the result untreated or irreparable primary injuries.
 ON PAIN

Biologicully speaking, pain is the bodvs defensive

warning system designed to trigger the mental and/or
physical behavior that will terminate the painful
experience. It enables the body to react quickly to
minimize damage to the organs and the nervous
system.

Pain

Pain is physical and emotional suffering

associated with actual or potential bodily
damage. In fighting, pain generally results
from damage to the musculoskeletal system
and nervous system, and in some cases to
the internal organs. Biologically speaking,
pain is the body's defensive warning system:
pain triggers the mental and physical
behavior necessary to terminate the painful
experience. It is both a critical function that
enables the body to react quickly to
minimize damage to the body and a learning
mechanism that seeks ways to reduce or
avoid the repetition of the painful situation
in the future. For example, pain tells you not
only to remove your hand from a hot stove,
but it also teaches you not to touch the stove
again.

Pain Detectors

Pain results from activation of specific

receptors called nociceptors, which are
small nerve endings in the skin and other
tissues that respond to "threatening"
stimulation and send signals to the brain.
Noci means noxious, and this refers to the
way that nociceptors are designed to
respond to strong tissue-damaging stimuli
such as a pinch or a cut.

When vital points are struck, nociceptors

are activated and nerve impulses are relayed
to the brain and translated as pain. If
stimulation is repeatedly applied to the same
area, the nociceptors there become
increasingly sensitive, reacting even to mild
stimuli.

Perception of Pain

Pain was once thought as a subjective

experience based on emotional reactions
rather than concrete physical sensations.
However, recent studies reveal that pain is
physically perceived in the anterior
cingulate cortex (ACC). The ACC is located
in the frontal part of the cingulate cortex,
which is in the middle of the brain. The
ACC is responsible for problem solving,
error detection, anticipation of tasks,
motivation, and emotional responses. It's a
central station for processing information
and assigning control to other areas in the
brain. It is also involved with various
autonomic functions such as motor and
digestive functions, the regulation of blood
pressure and heart rate.

Figure 2.12 Left cerebral hemisphere.

Figure 2.13 Pain detectors.
Pain in the Brain

The nervous system is your body's communication center. The Central

Nervous System (CNS) consists of the brain and the spinal cord. The
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is made up of the nerves outside of the
CNS. Together they control every part of your life, from breathing and
memory to the pain in your back.

Nerves extend from your brain to your face, ears, eyes, chin, temples, toes,
and spinal cord, and from your spinal cord to the rest of your body. The
spinal cord functions like your body's superhighway, relaying messages to
and from the brain at lightning speed.

When you are injured, your sensory nerves gather information from the site
of the injury and send it to the spinal cord, which then transmits the message
to the brain. The brain interprets that message and discharges a response to
the affected area of the body by way of the motor neurons which directly or
indirectly control your muscles.

Vital Point Pain

In vital point striking, pain is measured not merely by the

force applied against the target but by changes in pressure
at the center of the point. A powerful but untargeted strike
can result in waste of energy whereas a precise snappy
strike at the bullseye of a vital point can paralyze an
opponent instantly. Since the ultimate goal in fighting is to
control the opponent, a precise strike follows the law of
economy in the use of energy.

To understand the importance of precision, think about

hitting a baseball. No matter how hard you swing, if you
miss the ball completely, it will simply fall to the ground
behind you. If you hit the ball hard, but inaccurately, you'll
end up with a ball that goes far, but has little effect on the
game because it will end up out of bounds, resulting in a
foul ball. In order to hit a home run, you need to hit the ball
 not only hard, but on the "sweet spot" of the bat at precisely
the right time.

Vital point striking is the same: you have to strike the

target point precisely and with sufficient force to "hit a
home run" and cause pain in your opponent. It' you have to
choose, precision is preferable to power.

Power vs. Precision

Power comes from precise penetrating strikes.

Attention must he focused on the movement, distance,
angle and timing of the strike. Note below how a blunt
powerful strike may not reach the intended large t
point while a precise penetrating strike hits its target.

Figure 2.14 Diagram of inaccurate power strike.

Figure 2.15 Diagram of a precise angular strike.
 PAIN AND REFLEXES

The body has a pain withdrawal reflex,

where it reacts to pain by moving away
from it. This is useful knowledge in
fighting, particularly in anticipating what an
opponent's reaction might be to a particular
attack.

Reflexes

Reflexes are automatic, unconscious,

neuromuscular responses to changes
occurring inside or outside the body. Reflex
actions are involuntary, rapid, and
predictable because they are controlled by
the reflex arc. To save "travel time," the
reflex arc allows reflex actions to occur
quickly by activating spinal motor neurons
without routing signals through the brain.

A reflex action occurs when a stimulus

generates an impulse in a sensory neuron.
The impulse travels to the spinal cord,
where it passes from a sensory neuron into
a motor neuron via an interneuron. Then,
the motor neuron transmits the impulse
through other motor neurons to a muscle for
a proper response.

Speed & Reflexes

Many martial artists are eager to improve

their reflexes as way to shorten their
response time. While you can't actually
improve the speed at which messages are
transmitted between your nerves, spinal
cord and brain, you can improve your
ability to process and react to situations
through repetition and practice.

Perception and reaction speed in fighting

rely on the quick response of your visual
and nervous systems. First, your eyes or in
some cases your ears perceive the need for a
response. Next, they rapidly and accurately
transmit the nature of the event requiring a
response to the brain. The brain compares
this event with similar, previously
experienced circumstances and searches for
an appropriate response.

Once a response is selected, the brain sends

out signals to the body via the nervous
system and the body responds to these
intricate commands. During the execution
period, the brain and body communicate to
make minute adjustments in every phase of
the movement. This entire process can take
place hundreds of times a minute as your
body reads and adapts to its changing
environment. The key element in this chain
of events is the brain's ability to quickly
locate a similar previous event and
formulate a response.

Through repetition in training, you

experience a situation hundreds or
thousands of times, making your brain very
familiar with the situation and with possible
appropriate responses. This is similar to
learning to drive. You may have to think
about slamming on the brakes the first time
you encounter something unexpected in the
road, but eventually, braking becomes a
reaction that you perform almost before
you've realized that your foot has moved
from the gas to the brake pedal. Similarly,
your reaction speed can he improved
significantly by proper training. For specific
training methods, refer to Ultimate Fitness
Through Martial Arts (Turtle Press).
 Through training and repetition, you can improve your response time by
increasing your brains efficiency in evaluating and responding to your
opponents actions.

Pain Withdrawal Reflex

The pain withdrawal reflex is an

involuntary action in which the body reacts
to pain by moving itself away from the
source of the pain, to prevent excessive
damage to the tissues, or to reduce or even
eliminate that pain.

For example, when you apply pressure to

the biceps of the opponent his body will
move away from you. Why does this
happen'? When you press a vital spot, skin
receptors are activated and sensory
impulses travel to the spinal cord. These
impulses are processed and a response is
delivered to the appropriate motor neurons,
which transmit the impulses to flexor
muscles in the arm, telling them to contract
and pull the arm away from the source of
the pain.

Fighting Application

Vital point striking is an ideal way to

trigger the pain withdrawal reflex. By
striking or pressing certain points, you can
anticipate your opponent's movement
patterns and effectively devise your next
movement to strengthen your position.
When you combine vital point strikes and
grappling techniques that maximize that
pain withdrawal reflex, your range of
fighting options becomes greater.

For example, applying pressure into the

windpipe will cause your opponent to move
downward. Pushing up on the mandibular
joints with tips of your thumbs will make
your opponent move upward. Poking the rib
cage with your middle knuckles will make
your opponent move back.

Limitations

Although the pain withdrawal reflex

sounds like a magical method, its effects
will be limited against certain opponents
including an opponent who is wearing a
thick leather jacket and motorcycle helmet,
a highly trained martial artist who can
override the pain, a drunk or drugged
person, or an enraged or deranged person.
In these cases, alternative tactics will be
necessary to subdue or defeat the opponent.

A knee strike to the side of the head causes the opponent to tn' to raise his
head, presenting the perfect opportunity./or a downward elbow strike to the
opposite side of his head.
The carotid artery choke shown here can cause sufficient pain to make an
opponent drop his weapon as he seeks to avoid or eliminate the pain in his
arm, shoulder and neck.
 ON FEAR OF PAIN

Fear is an innate or learned emotional response to

factual and imagined threats. Fear is a survival
mechanism, and is usually connected to pain.

Fear in the Brain

Fear is a chain reaction in the brain that involves several of the brain's
processing centers and is highly dependent on stored memories of past fear-
related events and their outcomes. Fear is processed in both the more
"primitive" areas of the brain (brainstem, midbrain and thalamus) and the
more complex processing centers of the prefrontal cortex and amygdala.
The fear associations in the brainstem are simple and categorical and they
are the "first line of defense." The associations in the amygdala are more
complex, allowing for the interpretation of emotional signals and cues,
including facial expressions, and the intentions that they convey. The
associations in the cortex are the most complex, facilitating interpretation of
abstract cues, including the analysis of sensory information that does not
have an existing association in the brain (i.e. a new experience).

In some cases, a pattern of incoming sensory data will be interpreted by

the brainstem, midbrain and thalamus as "danger" and then quickly
determined to be harmless by the cortex.

For example, you hear a loud bang and reflexively jump and look around
but then realize that it was simply the sound of a door slamming, so you
relax. Your initial startle reflex was triggered by the brainstem, midbrain
and thalamus. The realization that a slamming door does not present a threat
was the result of further processing by the cortex and amygdala.
Figure 2.16 Brain for memory of fear and safety.
 Conversely, if the loud sound had been a car exploding
nearby, your cortex would have processed the additional
sensory inputs such as fire, exploding projectiles or people
around you panicking and instructed your body to flee.

Fear Response

Fear is a complex reaction that arises without conscious

effort in an attempt to deal with a real or imaginary threat.
It involves experiential, behavioral, physiological and
psychological elements. However, when faced with fear,
the physical and physiological responses of humans are
remarkably similar across cultures: heightened heartbeat,
freezing response, muscle tension, increased perspiration,
and secretion of adrenalin. This capacity to respond
immediately is critical to a rapid response to potentially-
threatening sensory signals. Fear is an emotional state that
triggers a rapid and automatic physical response to initiate
the appropriate actions for coping with a threat.

Physical Manifestations of Fear

There are many signs of fear that can be observed physically in an opponent
including:

Change in facial expression

• a fixed stare

• raised or lowered eyebrows

• clenched teeth

• squinting
 • tightly drawn lips

Change in posture

• clenched fists

• raised arms

• hunched shoulders

• tense posture

• expanded chest

Even in a person who is good at concealing fear, there will be involuntary

changes taking place in the body that are nearly impossible to conceal.
Watch for the following telltale signs:

• increased sweating, even in a cool or cold environment

• rapid shallow breathing as the body oxygenates the blood to supply the
muscles for action

• pale face and extremities as blood is rerouted to critical organs

• excessive lick lipping or swallowing due to a decrease in saliva

Fear Heightens Focus

When a potential assailant approaches you, rising fear and

anxiety command your brain to take actions to ensure your
survival such as looking for an exit or grabbing a weapon
and to eliminate all of the other actions you could be doing
such as checking your phone messages or enjoying the
scenery, while at the same time analyzing the visual and
auditory cues that the assailant is presenting.
 Initially, your brainstem, midbrain and thalamus will
sound the alarm - someone is encroaching on your
personal space - and your body will begin to respond with
the first signs of the fight or flight response.

As your heart rate and breathing increase, your cortex and

amygdala are working to interpret the intentions of the
potential assailant including his facial expressions, body
language, speech and demeanor. Is the assailant smiling,
frowning, grimacing'? Are his hands up in a gesture of
surrender, concealed in his pockets, balled into fists,
holding a weapon'? Is he running, walking, strolling,
sprinting, weaving erratically'? Is he shouting, laughing,
crying, speaking softly, silent?

Even as you read these descriptions, you probably found

yourself associating each with an assumption about the
person's intent and a potential response. You may have
even felt your heart rate speeding up or your breathing
change slightly as your brain revisited similar situations
that you've experienced in the past and visualized your
responses. There are a wide variety of reasons why a
person might suddenly and unexpectedly approach you in
a public place: an injured person seeking assistance, a
homeless person looking for spare change, a police officer
intent on questioning you or a mugger intending to steal
your wallet. Without your cortex and amygdala to compare
the approaching person with memories of people who
approached you in the past, you would react to every
approaching person as either threatening or benign.
The cortex and amvgdala in the brain interpret the intentions of'the potential
assailant based on your past experience.
The processing of sensory data in the cortex and amygdala allow you to
increase or decrease your fear response appropriately. However, this highly
complex system of analysis and response can also backfire and cause
unwarranted anxiety, such as in the case of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.
When very strong fear memories become associated with specific cues,
such as the sound of a helicopter or a gunshot, these memories can be
triggered over and over by benign sensory cues (such as a loud noise) in
inappropriate situations, leading to hypervigilance and anxiety even in safe
situations. Because the brain's response to fear can be distorted, it is
susceptible to being exploited.

Fear and Behavior Modification

Fear is not only a survival tool, it is one of the most powerful methods of
influencing another person socially and psychologically. Fear changes a
person's attitude by establishing undesirable consequences for failing to
agree or comply with a given demand. Because we normally seek to avoid
fear, fear and threats are two of the most effective methods to change the
attitudes and behaviors of human beings.

Think of something you are afraid of, for example walking across a
narrow beam that is suspended one hundred feet above the ground or being
trapped in a room with dozens of snakes. What would you do to avoid being
placed in this situation'? Because of your fear, you are willing to alter your
behavior, perhaps significantly.

This knowledge can be used in a fight, whether a self-defense situation or

competitive match, to influence your opponent, even before the first punch
is thrown. Boxers and other professional fighters have long understood the
value of posturing before a fight. Barroom brawlers are even more acutely
aware of how effective a good "game face" can be in intimidating an
opponent. And once you engage with an opponent, fear can be used in a
wide variety of ways to force your opponent to submit or surrender.

For example, because the brain stores each fear related experience and
uses it as a basis for responding to similar future experiences, when you
inflict a painful elbow strike on your opponent's temple, whenever you
make a similar movement, he will associate that with the painful previous
strike and react accordingly. By landing a few painful blows early, you can
condition your opponent to fear your strikes and gain a psychological edge.

Conversely, don't fall prey to this kind of intimidation tactic if your

opponent attempts to use it against you. When you get hit, react by
strengthening your

defenses and counterattacking strongly. Make your opponent associate his

striking with your strong counterattack, turning the tables on him. For
example, if your opponent throws a good jab and you immediately counter
with a hard front leg kick to the lower abdomen, he will be reluctant to use
the jab again. By countering hard and fast, you cause him to associate his
jab with pain in his stomach.

Putting Fear to Use

In terms of fear responses, one size does not fit all. Different people
respond at different levels to the same threat. However, there is an optimal
level of fear that produces a change in attitude or behavior. Ifyou do not
create enough fear, your opponent will be unaffected. Your opponent's
perception of how competent you are to deal with a situation plays a large
part in his reactions to you. If you appear to be highly competent and
unafraid of your opponent, his fear and self-doubt will increase. Fear can
also be created through body language, commitment to your actions, an
unwillingness to submit and the ability to inflict pain on the opponent
effectively and repeatedly.

However, if you do not trigger an opponent's fear response strongly

enough, he will have less fear, and consequentially, your fear may increase.
This is an important factor in fighting because it dictates your ability to deal
with both your own fear and your circumstances. The more personally
involved you become with an opponent, the more fear that can be generated
both by you and your opponent. A personal direct threat creates the
strongest fear response.

The fear and adrenalin rush that you experience in a confrontation give
you an unmatched surge of energy and bravado. When you learn to harness
fear rather than being overwhelmed by it, you can use it to good advantage.

Act confidently. Refuse to submit. Inflict pain on the opponent. Turn. fear
into bravado.
 THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

The Circulatorrv System curries the blood and oxygen

that are the life force of the human hodv.

The Circulatory System is composed of the heart, blood vessels and blood.
Its function is to transport nutrients, gases, and wastes to and from cells,
help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain
homeostasis. A healthy circulatory system is essential to the health of the
body.

Vital points related to the circulatory system, therefore, sometimes hold

less value as targets and can be more dangerous to attack. A strike might
appear to have little or no immediate effect, but unseen damage to the
circulatory system could lead to serious complications if left untreated. In
addition to striking, there are points related to the circulatory system that
can be compressed to starve a region of the body of blood and oxygen,
similar to what happens when your arm or leg "falls asleep" if you sit or lie
on it for an extended period of time. Limiting the circulation to a limb
might be an annoyance to an opponent, making it temporarily difficult for
him to use his hand or leg, but cutting off

the circulation to the brain can end a fight in seconds.

Compressing the arteries in the neck is not only a sure way
to subdue an assailant but can be fatal.

For all of these reasons, extreme caution should always

be used when attacking points that are related to the major
arteries and the heart.

Blood Vessels

Among the major types of blood vessels are the arteries, veins and
capillaries. The capillaries are microscopic vessels which enable the
exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and the tissues. The
arteries carry blood from the heart to the capillaries and the veins return the
blood from the capillaries to the heart. The heart, in turn, regulates the flow
of blood through the blood vessels through regular rhythmic contractions.
The average human heart heats (contracts) about 72 times per minute.

Vital Points and the Circulatory System

While the effects of vital point strikes on the nervous system are primarily
pain related, the effects of vital point strikes on the circulatory system
include dizziness, loss of consciousness, disorientation, bruising, blood
clots, and in extreme cases fatal conditions like stroke, cardiac arrest,
hemorrhage, and brain damage. Vital point strikes to the nerves tend to have
immediate and obvious outcomes. The effects on the circulatory system can
be immediate, like dizziness or loss of consciousness, or they can take
hours or days to manifest themselves, like in the case of a blood clot that
forms in the leg and travels to the heart.

Baroreceptors

Baroreceptors are sampling areas in the arteries and blood

vessels that detect the pressure of blood flowing through
them and can send messages to the Central Nervous
System to increase or decrease the cardiac output and
thereby quickly raise or lower the blood pressure. There
are baroreceptors in the aorta and the carotid sinuses of the
carotid arteries. While the aorta is protected by the chest
wall, the carotid sinuses are exposed in the soft tissue of
the neck. Striking the carotid sinus can cause a temporary
increase in pressure in the carotid artery. The baroreceptor
will then send a message to the brain directing it to lower
the pressure in the artery, causing a sudden drop in blood
pressure and heart rate which can lead to loss of
consciousness and, in some cases, death. Because striking
the carotid sinus relies simply on triggering this reaction,
even a light strike can result in a knockout.
Striking or choking the Protuberance Assistance (L118) can cause dizziness,
loss of consciousness or death.
 SYNTHESIS OF EAST AND WEST

Eastern masters have a holistic approach to the human body whereas

Western scientists have developed analytical and experimental approaches.
However, the value of meridians versus the nervous system is not something
we need to argue about to prove which is superior. Both the martial arts and
medical fields present critical decisions, often dealing with life and death,
that require practical and precise applications of knowledge with an open
mind. When it comes to

the human body, there is no path that is perfectly paved.

Every decision and action is a stepping stone on a journey.

That being said, if you closely look at the meridians and

nervous system charts below, there are more similarities
than differences. By combining knowledge from the both
systems of thought, you will discover a far richer treasure
than presented by either system alone.

Figure 2.17 Meridians.

Figure 2.18 Nervous System.
 CHAPTER KEY POINTS

1. The purpose of striking vital points is to defeat an

opponent. There are four ways to accomplish this:
attack the nervous system to cause pain and paralysis,
attack the arteries to disrupt the blood flow to the brain
or major organs, attack the respiratory system to
disrupt the breathing or attack the major organs to
cause pain and distress.

2. There are 409 named vital points located on 12

meridians and 2 vessels in the human body. Most of
these points are located near nerve endings which are
connected to the Central Nervous System. When the
Central Nervous System perceives pain, a change of
behavior occurs. By studying those changes, you can
anticipate and manipulate an opponent's reactions.

3. The head is the central command center and the

most vital area of the human body. The neck is the
second most vital area, because it is the site of key
arteries and respiratory system components as well as
a portion of the spinal cord. Striking or constricting
specific areas of the neck can be lethal. You must
exercise the utmost care and caution in the practice and
application of any techniques to the head and neck.

4. One of the most effective ways to end a

confrontation is to create such fear, either real or
imagined, in the opponent's mind that he no longer
wants to fight you. Real fear comes from physical pain
and imagined fear comes from your opponent's
perception of your competence and confidence. By
 utilizing your knowledge of vital point strikes, you can
hasten or intensify your opponent's fear and anxiety.

5. Because the use of vital point strikes in a

confrontation can cause permanent damage or even
death, it is important that you understand the potential
effects of every technique and to always use only the
minimum justified amount of force necessary to end a
confrontation and escape to safety. In some cases, if
you've caused enough fear in the opponent's mind, you
may be able to safely walk away from the situation
much sooner than if you had to resort to physically
fighting to a resolution. Be decisive and brave in
escaping to safety at your earliest opportunity.

"A technique must be sufficiently tested and a fighter sufficiently disciplined

to ensure success."
Sang H. Kim, on Fighting
 FIGHTING FUNDAMENTALS

5 POTENTIAL OUTCOMES OF A FIGHT

The fundamental goal infighting is to defeat the opponent by making him

physical/v submit or allowing you to escape. Here are the possible outcomes
ofafight:

Knockout

A knockout is the inability to continue fighting due to fatigue, injury, or a

loss of consciousness. It is usually caused by trauma to the brain from
powerful strikes like an elbow strike to the temple, knee kick to the groin or
head-butt to the nose.

Tap-out

A tap-out is a refusal to continue to fight in a sport fighting situation. It

usually occurs because of a joint lock or choke that leads to a submission, or
a complete loss of fighting will or capacity due to a severe injury. Examples
of injuries that might lead to a tap-out are a thumb to the eye, arm bar or an
opponent using a ground-and-pound strategy from the mount.

Choke-out

A choke-out is the act of strangling or choking the opponent to

unconsciousness. Taken to the extreme, a choke-out can lead to death. There
are three ways a choke-out can occur: stoppage of the oxygen flow in the
brain by compressing the airways, stoppage of the blood circulation to the
brain by constricting the carotid artery, or a combination of the two.

Death

Killing is the deprivation of life, a complete destruction of a person's right

to live. In situations of justified self-defense, law enforcement or military
combat, you may have to take someone's life. It is, however, extremely
difficult to take the life of a fellow human being even when your own life is
threatened. The consequences of killing, for good or bad, are traumatic. For
most of us, it is easier to spare a life than take it, not because of cowardice
but because of the way we are created as human beings. Taking a life should
always be the last resort and should always be justified.

Escape

Escape is getting away from the danger of a confrontation. In self-defense

situations, you can escape through smart tactics or tricks, physical force, or
outrunning the opponent.
 FIGHTING ZONES AND RANGES

For vital point strikes, it is crucial that you physically

contact the target. Your intentions and planning are
only useful tivhen you execute them on an opponent.
Understanding the field of engagement and the concept
of fighting zones is, therefore, critical in choosing
techniques that are appropriate to a situation. The
knowledge of fighting regions is critical in
understanding what weapon to use against a given
target. By combining the concepts of 'zone and range,
you will improve your ability to manipulate alighting
situation in order to use your preferred weapons and
techniques to your advantage.

FIGHTING ZONES
Field of Engagement

The field of engagement is the area in which a fight takes place. In a one-
on-one fight, the field of engagement can be divided into tour zones and
multiple points of engagement.

The four zones are the neutral zone, your zone, your opponent's zone and
the fighting zone. In a one-on-two fight, there is an additional zone called
the trap zone, which two opponents can lure you into and attack from both
directions.

The point of engagement is the place at which first contact between you
and your opponent is established. At this point, for the first time, you can
sense the power and skill level of your opponent.

Neutral Zone
 This is an imaginary area that covers the distance between you and the
opponent, which either of you can seize to take the control of the fight. At
one or more points in the neutral zone, the point of engagement will occur.
Initially the neutral zone is nobody's zone.

It may appear to be static but according to the tactics and positions of the
fighters, the neutral zone con

stantly shifts its shape. An observer may not see the

changes but the fighters know and feel the shitting.

The neutral zone is also relative in size according to the

speed of either fighter and the types of weapons used by
one or both fighters. A reckless attack or an absentminded
defense can lead to trouble, so be sure to thoroughly test the
neutral zone before stepping in.

Your Zone

Your zone is where you can control the fight most

effectively. This is the space you want to lure your
opponent into, so you can trap and defeat him. The size of
your fighting zone depends on the degree of mastery you
have over your striking distance.

Remember, there are two types of fighting distances:

absolute and relative. Absolute distance is genetically
predetermined for each individual. The length of your arms
and legs determines your absolute distance. Relative
distance is an imaginary space between you and the
opponent that is determined by the speed, skill levels and
experience of both fighters. The ability to take advantage of
relative distance is partially in-born and partially acquired
through training.

In fighting, smart use of relative distance is what separates superior martial

artists from average fighters. When you attack, you have to move in with a
force that affects the perception of your opponent. When your force is well
condensed and strong, it will destroy the security of his zone. If your attack
is weak, you will become trapped in your opponent's zone. If you become
trapped in your opponent's zone and cannot use force to dominate your
opponent, you can try to lure him into making a mistake or into acting in a
way that allows you to use his strength against him to regain the advantage.

Opponent's Zone

This is where your opponent controls the fight or has an

advantage. Your goal is to break into this space and keep
your opponent on the defensive. The more of his space you
control, the more focused your attack will be.

When your opponent attacks, you see his punches and

kicks but what you don't see is his intention of using the
weapons he has concealed in his zone. When you least
expect it, he will try to use these weapons. Your goal is,
therefore, to deprive him of as many options as possible by
disrupting his space even while he's attacking you. In a
self-defense situation, focus your attacks on the opponent's
eyes and limbs.

VITALTIPS

• For vital point striking, purposeful

physical contact is crucial. Be aware of
the fighting ranges and master at least
one technique that works best for you at
each range.

• Perfecting one technique for each

situation often works better than
knowing many techniques but not
 understanding which one to use at a key
point in the fight.

• The first strike, if solidly landed, often

causes shock and confusion. Studies
show that simple, direct and effective
techniques work best for self-defense.

Figure 3.1 Field of engagement in 1-on-1 fight.

Fighting Zone

The fighting zone is the area where a fight takes place. The attacker closes
in and the defender retreats, stalls or jams. The shape of the fighting zone
constantly fluctuates from a single point of contact to full-scale engagement.
 The attacker's goal is to penetrate the defense of his opponent. An
experienced fighter will instantaneously counterattack while an
inexperienced fighter gives up part of his zone and loses the initiative. The
more aggressive fighter usually takes control of the fighting zone.

The fighting zone can expand and contract depending on psychological

circumstances. When you are confident you can contract your zone with the
intent

of luring your opponent in for a counterattack. When you

are tired or need time for further assessment of the
situation, you can expand your zone simply by keeping
your distance.

In general, the shape of the fighting zone reveals the

morale of the fighters. A proficient fighter has a tendency to
invade the opponent's zone from the start. This aggressive
attitude manifests a decisive fighting spirit, which drives
the opponent into a corner. Inexperienced or equally
matched fighters will have less change in the shape of the
fighting zone whereas good fighters constantly change their
positions and move forward, backward, laterally and
angularly to maintain the initiative, keeping the shape of
the fighting zone in constant flux. You should attack
immediately after you change your position before he
counters your action.

Figure 3.2 Initial fighting zone in 1-on-I fight.

Figure 3.3 Dynamic fighting zone in I-on-I fight.
Trap Zone in a One-On-Two Fight

In a one-on-two fight, there is an additional zone called the trap zone into
which two opponents can lure and attack you from both directions. This is
one of those situations that you should avoid at all costs. Instead, utilize one
of them (B in the diagram below) as a shield while striking any available
target on B and manipulating his position to block attacks from C. By doing
so you can frustrate both opponents. Once you take control of B, you can
attempt to fight C, run away or search for a better option such as an
environmental weapon or help from a bystander.

Against two opponents, pace yourself. You'll get tired a lot faster than
fighting one person. Time is also crucial in one-on-two fight. Do not
hesitate.

If you get caught in the trap zone, guard your face and
vital points and move laterally to utilize one of the
opponents as a shield. Grab B or C by the shoulder or arm
and position yourself behind or to the side of him.

Vital point strikes are effective tactics when you are

trapped. Strike points on the windpipe (fingertip press),
Adam's apple (arc hand), nose (headbutt), and groin (knee
kick), then strike or push lateral targets to unbalance the
opponent, allowing you to move to a more advantageous
position or escape. For example, temporarily blind the
opponent with your palm from behind and throw a knee
kick to the side of his thigh, then push him toward the other
opponent.

Conversely, you can attack lateral targets first to open up

your opponent's guard for strikes along his centerline. As
soon as you have the chance, run to safety.

Figure 3.4 Trap zone in 1-on-2 fight.

 FIGHTING RANGE
What is Fighting Range?

Range is the distance between the weapon you intend to use (your fist, foot,
etc.) and the closest target of the opponent. Based on your estimation of the
distance, you have to decide what type of weapon to use and then attack and
defend, not only in that initial range, but in the constantly changing ranges as
the fight progresses. While the fighting zone is a strategic concept to
dominate an opponent, fighting range is a tactical method of gaining
superiority by choosing the right techniques at the right distance.

For vital point strikes, it is crucial that you physically contact the target.
Your intention and planning are only as good as the implementation of your
plan. The knowledge of fighting ranges will help you understand what
weapon to use at what distance, allowing you to conserve energy while
maximizing the impact of each strike, kick or grappling technique you
employ.

Standing Fighting Range

There are three ranges in a stand-up fight: long, medium and short range.

Long range is where most lead hand techniques are used. At this range, you
can move in with quick footwork and throw a punch or kick to the closest
target such as the chin or kneecap. You can utilize your body weight to
accelerate the force of your attack.

Medium range is where the fiercest exchanges of techniques take place.

You do not need to step in at this range. Your opponent is within your hitting
distance and you are within his. Your focus should he on hitting and dodging
and hitting again.

Short range is close quarters fighting where headto-head standoffs usually

occur. You can use elbow strikes, uppercuts, and, in self defense situations,
even hair pulling. Footwork is almost impossible at this range and you will
have to shorten your punches and kicks by bending your elbows and knees
to strike at a sharp angle. At short range, grappling is the best option for
taking an opponent to the ground and continuing to shoot precise vital point
strikes to the head and trunk. Short range is also the best range to effectively
apply locking, arresting, control and immobilization techniques through the
use of vital point manipulation.

Effective techniques at long range are weapons, punches, and kicks. At

medium range, elbow strikes, shin and knee kicks, and arm locks work well.
At short range, short knee kicks, headbutts, eye gouging, hair pulling and
vital point pressing are effective.

Transitional Range

Transitional range is where standing fighting moves to

groundfighting. One fighter throws and the other falls.
Initially, gravity takes over, then minute adjustments of the
more skillful fighter, and then back to gravity. A dexterous
fighter can manipulate the angle of falling to gain
superiority on landing.

There are two stages in transitional range: pre-landing and

post-landing. In the pre-landing stage, the fighter who
initiated the throw or takedown usually has superiority. In
the post-landing stage, the tighter who controls the
momentum of the landing controls the fight, which often
reverses the situation.

Groundfighting Range

There are two types of ranges in groundfighting: open

range and closed range. On the ground, if you are sitting on
top of the opponent, you're in open range and you have
space to strike with your hands. If you're in the chest-to-
chest position, you're in closed range, where you do not
have enough space to freely strike your opponent. Effective
 techniques in open range are punches to the face or elbow
strikes to the temple. In closed range short knee kicks to the
rib cage or an elbow press on the neck or the bridge of the
nose are examples of effective techniques.

Figure 3.5 Ranges in standing fighting.

Primary Factors in Range Fighting

Long Range:

Key factors: reach, speed, power

Sub factors: flexibility, mobility

Kinetic factors: extension, striking

Skills required: footwork, kicking, punching

Prime targets: chin, solar plexus, groin, legs

Sensory system: visual

Medium Range

Key factors: power, control

Sub factors: adaptability, coordination

Kinetic factors: extension, pushing, twisting

Skills required: elbow strikes, knee kicks, grappling

Prime targets: chin, temple, ribs, groin, neck

Sensory system: visual, tactile

Short Range

Key factors: leverage, control

Sub factors: strength, coordination

Kinetic factors: torque, pulling

Skills required: short strikes, grappling

Prime targets: chin, eyes, groin, neck, legs

Sensory system: tactile

Transitional Range
Key factors: leverage, control

Sub factors: balance, strength, flexibility

Kinetic factors: gravity, equilibrium

Skills required: falling, sweeping, throwing

Prime Targets: trunk, legs

Sensory system: tactile, proprioception

Open Range on the Ground

Key factors: power, leverage, control

Sub factors: strength, grappling knowledge

Kinetic factors: extension, rotation, torque

Skills required: strikes, grappling

Prime targets: chin, nose, temple, rib cage

Sensory system: visual, tactile

Closed Range on the Ground

Key factors: leverage, strength

Sub factors: ground mobility

Kinetic factors: rotation, torque

Skills required: grappling

Prime targets: face, arms, legs, joints

Sensory system: tactile

Long Range

Effective techniques in long range are kicks, punches, and weapons.

 Figure 3.6 Long range diagram.

Medium Range

In medium range fighting, elbow strikes, backfists, shin and knee kicks,
and armlocks work well.
Figure 3.7 Medium range diagram.
Short Range

In short range fighting, short knee kicks, headbutts, eye gouging, and hair
pulling are effective.
 Figure 3.8 Short range diagram.

Groundfighting in Open and Closed Range

In groundfighting, if you are on top of the opponent, you're in open range

and you have space to strike with your hands. If you're in the chest-to-
chest or chest-toback position, you're in closed range, where you do not
have enough space to strike your opponent. Effective techniques in open
range are punches to the face or elbow strikes to the temple. In closed
range an elbow press on the neck or bridge of the nose are examples of
effective techniques.
Figure 3.9 Groundfighting range diagram.
 REGION STRATEGY

What is a Region?

A region is a section of your fighting zone. If a zone is

a house, then examples of regions are the living room,
kitchen and basement. This concept is important in
fighting because you can protect against intruders by
using specific weapons in each room. If you have only
one room to hide in or protect, your chances of
winning or losing are 50/50. If you have one more
room to protect or lure your opponent into, your safety
plan becomes more complex. You'll need to have
multiple weapons and multiple plans, one that suits
each room. But, if you have a gun hidden in your
basement, you have a much better chance of winning.
In the same way, in a fight you should not only have a
specific plan using specific weapons for each region of
your fighting zone, but you need to have that "gun in
the basement" to strike a decisive blow.

Why Regions?

When you know where your opponent is attacking

From, you can block or counterattack with a higher
rate of success. If your defensive posture has no
openings, your opponent will be hesitant to engage. If
you intentionally open one or two gaps in your
defense, he'll attempt to exploit them. When you have
mentally divided your fighting zone into smaller
regions, you can intentionally create a gap in one
region with the intent of luring your opponent into
your strongest area. When your opponent attacks, you
 will be prepared to block, neutralize, counterattack, or
move.

Visualizing Your Regions

When you stand in a fighting posture, your fighting zone extends 360
degrees around you. Assume your fighting posture or stance and then divide
your zone into three segments: the anterior, lateral and posterior regions as
illustrated below. The anterior region is the area inside your guard and
contains most of your vital targets, including your centerline, face and neck.
The lateral region is the opposite of the anterior region and covers the area
on the external side of your fighting stance that extends from your rear foot
to your front foot. The posterior region is the area to the rear of your body,
behind your rear foot. If you quickly switched stance, your anterior and
lateral regions would be reversed but your posterior region would remain the
same.
 Figure 3.10 Fighting regions in your zone.

How to Use Your Regions

 Let's say you are good at palm heel striking, backfist
striking and rear elbow striking. If your opponent comes
into your anterior region, palm heel strike his chin. If he
enters your lateral region, hit his face with a backfist. If he
grabs you from behind, thrust your rear elbow strike into
his floating ribs.

This is a very simple example of course. You'll need to

think about what techniques you'll use at long, medium and
short range in each region. For example, what technique is
your strongest if your opponent enters your anterior region
at medium range? Is there anything you can do to stop an
attacker who is at long range in your lateral or posterior
region? How about against an attacker who accosts you at
short range or transitional range from your posterior
region'? By considering not only ranges but also regions,
you will be forced to think realistically about the many
possibilities that you might face in a self-defense, law
enforcement or sport fighting situation.

Simply understanding your regions and having specific

weapons prepared to cope with specific threats makes you
feel more secure.

Breaking Down Your Opponent's Regions

When you're fighting in your opponent's fighting zone, try

to figure out what techniques he favors and what his
strengths are. Is he a southpaw or righty? Knowing which
hand he favors can help you understand which region he
will be able to counterattack more strongly to. While the
anterior region is generally more dangerous, your
opponent's stronger side dictates how you should enter the
anterior region. The lateral region is easier to enter, but
contains less high-value targets. The posterior region is of
course most vulnerable, but harder to enter. If you
 encounter an opportunity to enter your opponent's posterior
region and get his back, don't hesitate.

Use the initial moments of a confrontation to probe your

opponent's regions. Does he have areas that he is not
comfortable defending'? Is he unusually strong at a
particular distance in his anterior region but weak at
defending his lateral region'? By breaking your opponent's
fighting zone down into regions and ranges, you can
methodically probe for weaknesses to exploit.

'VITALTIPS

FIGHT YOUR FIGHT

Each region has a unique purpose in a physical confrontation. The anterior

region is the primary fighting area where you defend key vital points and
attempt to trap your opponent into defeat. The lateral region is where your
opponent tests your defenses. The posterior region is a surprise attack area.
To become a well rounded martial artist, know what works best for you in
each region.

Example I) Anterior Region Tactics

Your opponent throws a lead hand and rear hand straight combination. If
you are a boxer, slip and counter with a hook to the chin. If you want to go
to the ground, go for a single leg or double leg takedown.

Example 2) Lateral Region Tactics

Your opponent throws a low section roundhouse kick to the outer thigh of
your lead leg. If you are a stand-up fighter, block the kick with your
 forearm or shin and immediately shoot a rear hand counterpunch to his
chin. If you are a grappler, grab the kicking leg and take him to the ground.

Example 3) Posterior Region Tactics

Your opponent has slipped to your back and tries to apply a rear naked
choke. If you're a striker, jab his Solar Plexus with your rear elbow, strike
his face with an upward rear punch and throw him over your shoulder. If
you like to grapple, rotate your body and sweep his body backward then
slam your body on top of his when you hit the ground.

Straight counterattack
Unbalance the opponent
 Pivot and throw

STRATEGY VS. TACTICS

Training in a martial art or combat sport is a process of'integrating your

strategic and tactical preparations with your physical practice. Action, in the
form of physical practice like sparring, heavy hag training or partner drills, is
the execution of the sum of .your preparation to achieve your objectives.
Strategy, tactics and action are the trio that work together to bring about a
successful outcome. Your action must meet the requirements ofyour chosen
tactics, and your tactics must he in line with your intended strategy to lead to
progress in your training and success in engaging another fighter whether in
self-defense, sport fighting or in the line of duty.

Three Elements of Successful Engagement

 1. Strategic understanding

2. Tactical preparation

3. Methodical execution (action)

Strategy vs. Tactics

Strategy is about answering "Why?

Tactics are about answering "How? "

Strategy and tactics are different in nature. Strategy dictates the direction
ofyour activities while tactics are the individual activities necessary to
implement your strategy. Strategy is the higher level concept and tactics are
the subcomponents that fall under the umbrella of strategy.

Strategy, Tactics and Action

Without action, strategy is useless. Without tactics, action becomes

random. Without strategy, tactics can be aimless, leading to blind action.
Strategy, tactics and action must be integrated to achieve your objectives to
the fullest.

In fighting, strategy defines the goals to be achieved; tactics determine the

methods to achieve those goals. Your strategic goals might be "I want to lose
35 pounds in 6 months", or "I want to defeat XYZ in the next title match."
Your tactical decisions to bring about your strategic goals might then be "To
lose 35 pounds I'm going to run 25 miles a week" or "To defeat XYZ I'm
going to improve my left hook counter."

THE BOTTOM LINE: Strategy is large scale vision that regulates your
tactics; tactics are the detailed plans that regulate action; action is the means
to accomplish your objectives.

Controlling the Fighting Space

 The concept of fighting regions has significant tactical merits in a
confrontation. The anterior region is the primary space in which most people
fight. This is the region where you should lure an opponent into, trap him
and defeat him. The lateral region is a weak spot with limited options. While
it is difficult to take

advantage of your own lateral region, you can move into

your opponent's lateral region to gain a superior position.
The posterior region is a blind spot, vulnerable to surprise
attacks. Never give an opponent access to your posterior
region - doing so can be fatal in self-defense and can lead
to a match ending move by your opponent in sport fighting.

Figure 3.11 Regions for right-handed fighters.

 VITAL TIPS

For a superior position, move to the Lateral Region.

For breaking the opponent's will, penetrate the Anterior Region.

For finishing the fight, position yourself in the Posterior Region.

Figure 3.12 Strategic initiative of A reduces B's attacking targets (both are
right handed).
*('AUTION: When your opponent tackles you, sprawl immediately and
lower the center of the gravity fur balance. If his throw is already in
progress, get reach' for the post-landing tactic for superiority.
 Figure 3.13 Regions for right-handed vs. left-handed fighters.
Moving to the opponents lateral region gives you more options for
controlling the opponent while reducing his options. For example, at right,
by controlling the opponents wrist and turning his body, you gain leverage to
hyper-extend the opponents• elbow. This works especially well if you are the
shorter fighter, because you can get your shoulder under the opponents
armpit to straighten out his elbow and gain better control.
Figure 3.14 Strategic initiative of A reduces B's attacking targets (against
left-handed fighter).
 FIGHTING STANCE AND FOOTWORK

THE FIRST IMPRESSION

The first things 1/1(1110111 0pp0ncni SeeS about

YOU are roil/' eXpiessl.on, posture and stance. Y0ur
eX/)r'essinn reveals' 1.0111 c•on/ideuce, 1'0111'
posture reveals 1'0111 strength, and .t•0u r stance
reveals' t1o111- ,nubility. Through these elements, he
can .see 4111 or parts 0/ 1'0ur readiness. Your
expression is the result 0/.1011' thought process about
the present situation c1/id 1'our competence, which
(IJ/sects the wan, loll stand. )um' /,t iitingstance is (I
c'o111hinati0n /foot placement and posture. It shunts t
0ur ahilih• t0 guard the primary tai ire is 0/,1.0111'
hods' and to fire tour trcapons as needed. Stance is
clinical in fig'11ting/01 three reckons: it determines the
direction, cmm0unt, cmd sVpeed of the force 0/
1.0111' techniques. if'hen a good stance IS combined
with quick and smooth footwork, your per'/Ol'mance
A'hould be efficient and of/ec'tlve.
 FIGHTING STANCE
Stance

Stance is the placement of your feet. Stance is critical in fighting for three
reasons: it determines the direction, amount, and speed of the force of your
techniques. For example, a narrow stance is good for mobility whereas a
wide strong stance is powerful. A forward stance is good for attacking: a side
stance favors a counterattack. From stance alone, you can discover a great
deal about what your opponent has in mind.

When it comes to your own stance, your body's size and your favorite
fighting style should define your stance. Above all, your stance should be
functional and versatile. First, position yourselfso that you can protect
yourself by covering your face and centerline meridians. Turning your body
slightly to the side reduces the exposure of your vital targets. When you find
a comfortable stance, set your feet free for smooth transitions and quick
attacks.

Posture

Posture is the position ofyour arms and legs, the alignment of your body
and the placement of your center of gravity.

From your opponent's arm position, you can detect the imminence of an
attack. From his leg position you can estimate the angle of an attack. From
his body alignment, you can discover whether he prefers attacking or
counterattacking. From the placement of his center of gravity, you can detect
the type of engagement.

Left-handed or Right-handed

If you feel more comfortable with your right foot in the rear, you are right-
handed. If you prefer a stance with your left foot in the rear, you are left-
handed, aka a southpaw. Some fighters like to put their stronger leg forward,
reversing this traditional approach. Experiment with your right and left side
forward in sparring to discover your stronger stance.

The Eyes

Your eyes are the primary source of information about your environment.
Based on what you see, you decide what to do and how. You must monitor
your opponent at all times by carefully observing his movements, posture,
stance and body language. Conversely, you should try not to telegraph what
you intend to do

by using your stance to conceal your intentions.

If you're confident, stare into the eyes of your opponent

while using your peripheral vision to observe your
opponent's whole body and your environment.

If multiple opponents surround you, choose one to focus

on while using your peripheral vision to monitor the others.
For example, focus your attention on the most dangerous
opponent (i.e. a man with a knife) and monitor the others.
Move to position yourself so that you can see as many of
the multiple attackers as possible in your immediate field of
vision. Good positioning skills can save your life.
Feet Position

You have three options in positioning your

feet depending on the situation: facing
forward, sideways or diagonally. If you are a
boxer or a good striker, a forward stance,
with your front knee facing forward and
your rear foot turned out 45 degrees, will
allow you to use footwork to set up your
strikes. If you are a good counter kicker, you
may want to use a side stance, with both feet
and your trunk facing sideways, for
powerful rear leg kicking. For versatility,
you can use a diagonal stance with your
front foot turned 15 degrees inward and your
rear foot turned less than 90 degrees
outward.

Shoulders

When your footing is secure, your

shoulders relax. When your shoulders are
tight, your neck becomes stiff making your
upper body heavy. In a vicious cycle this
heaviness trickles down into your mind,
making you conscious of the discomfort in
your stance. To move naturally and
powerfully, you need to lower the center of
the gravity, which begins with relaxing your
shoulders. When you need to attack or
defend, tighten the muscles to create power,
then immediately relax to prepare for your
next movement. If you are always tense,
you'll get tired easily and your stance will be
counterproductive.

Knee Position

To keep your body relaxed and alert, bend

your knees slightly. Move naturally; do not
lock your joints. Flexible knees enable
rhythmic movement and speedy reflexes,
and prevent injuries.

Elbow Position

When your feet, shoulders and knees are in

the right position, bring your elbows close to
your body. Your elbows are important for
guarding your ribcage and priming your
striking techniques for power.

Hand Position

Your hands are the closest weapon to the

opponent. They are also the first line of
defense that your opponent must break
through to get to your vital targets. To serve
both of these functions, carefully consider
the height and angle of your hands, and the
distance of your hands from your torso.

Depending on your personal preference,

you may keep your hands open or closed.
Keep your arms relaxed and relatively close
to your body. Bring up at least one hand to
cover your face with the other hand covering
the centerline of your body. For example,
hold your right hand in front of your right
shoulder and your left hand slightly in front
of your left shoulder.
Three Vital Areas to Protect

Your chin is the first vital area you need to

protect. It is one of the most projected
targets on the face and most knockouts in
stand-up fights are caused by a powerful
punch to the chin. Keep one hand up to
cover your chin, and your face, at all times.
This hand can also be used to protect your
throat.

The second vital area you need to protect is

your Solar Plexus. Keep your elbows close
to your trunk so you can easily protect the
area between your neck and Solar Plexus.
With your elbow as the center of circular
blocks, use your hand to guard your middle
and low sections, including your third vital
area: your groin.

Figure 3.15 Three vital areas to protect at all times.

Be Flexible

Stance is not a static concept but a practical

vehicle that can change to accommodate
various situations. Prior to attacking, your
stance should not telegraph your intentions.
Once you engage an opponent, your stance
should adapt to changes that occur.
Remember, there is no one perfect stance.
Experiment with various stances to discover
the purpose and function of each.
 FOOTWORK

Footwork is the vehicle that transports your weapons and keeps you away
(room your opponent. The objective of footwork is to control the distance
between you and your opponent at all times. For quick /ootwork, your
weight should he evenly distributed and your feet should he firmhv
grounded, yet flexible enough to more in our direction.

Functions of Footwork

There are two functions of footwork: protecting yourself and attacking the
opponent. In order to protect yourself, you need to maintain a sate distance:
your front leg should be at least the distance of the length of your opponent's
leg away from your opponent's front foot. However, to attack, you need to be
within striking distance of your opponent. You can accomplish this through
footwork. Good footwork enables you to make contact with a target, to strike
with power and to defend yourself effectively. It's the most fundamental
element in outmaneuvering your opponent.

Smoothness

Your foot movements should be smooth and rhythmical. Keep the balls of
your feet close to the ground and slide when you move. Sliding allows you
to improve your speed and make easy transitions.

Footwork Principles

When you move the left foot forward, the right foot follows. When the
right toot moves backward, the left foot follows. When the left toot moves to
the left, the right follows.

Exception: For power punching, move your rear foot toward your front
toot, and then move your front foot forward with the punch. Move your feet
like a wave that transfers energy deep below the surface, never breaking
until it reaches the target. Your footwork carries the force that will knock
down your opponent.

Footwork and Balance

Whether you fight or run away, footwork is your lifeline. If you overextend
your body to reach a target, your opponent can easily knock you off balance.
During transitions, if you lose your balance, you'll be on the ground with
your opponent on top of you in no time. In a street fight, this mistake could
cost you your life.

Footwork is critical in maintaining your balance. You should always move

your feet first before striking. If you don't, it's hard to hit the target and
worse, you may expose your weaknesses and get taken down. So, always
move with your center in balance.
Types of Footwork

Offensive Footwork

1. Forward: The lead leg moves straight forward and the rear leg follows.

2. Leftward: The lead leg moves forward and then to the left. The rear leg
follows.

3. Rightward: The lead leg moves forward and then the rear leg moves to the
right at a 45-degree angle.

Defensive Footwork

4. Backward: The rear leg moves backward and the lead leg follows.

5. Left Backward: The rear leg moves backward and the lead leg follows.
Then the left leg moves backward to the lets at a 45-degree angle. The lead
leg follows.

6. Right Backward: The rear leg moves backward and the lead leg follows.
Then the right leg moves to the right at a 45-degree angle. The lead leg
follows.

7. Right Side Step: The right foot moves to the right side and the left foot
follows.

8. Left Side Step: The left foot moves to the left side and the right toot
follows.

Figure 3.18 Fundamental footwork chart.

Figure 3.19 Fundamental footwork diagram.
I VITALTins
Footwork is a Wave of Force

When the speed of your footwork is greater the net force of the impact of
your techniques becomes greater.

In distance fighting, there are three major elements that affect your power:
distance, speed, and torque. The more distance your body travels across,
the more accelerated your momentum becomes. The faster your body
moves, the more power it carries to transfer to the target. The greater
torque your muscles generate, the more power your technique has.

Based on this concept, for a knockout strike you should move your rear
foot toward your front foot to set your body in motion, then move your
front foot forward to let your body drive forward into the opponent.
Finally, just as a wave breaks on a rock, strike your opponent with full
force.

Once you make contact with your opponent, use torque to generate power
in your close combat techniques.
 STRIKING DIRECTIONS AND ANGLES

The direction of a strike depends on where your

opponent stands, what he is doing at the moment, and
what target on his bodv you want to hit. There are five
sections of the bodv that you can attack: head, hands
and arms, trunk, thighs, and lower legs. There are three
components to consider before launching a strike:
distance to the available targets, angle of the surface of
the target, and timing of the opponents movement.

STRIKING DIRECTION

Strike the Closest Target First

Generally speaking, your opponent's lead hand and lead toot are the closest
to you, followed by the lead arm and lead leg, with the trunk and head
farthest away. Although the hand and foot are the closest targets, they are
easy for your opponent to move out of range and hard for you to catch.
However, the forearm and lower leg are good targets due to the availability
of vital points in both areas. Once you penetrate your opponent's defense,
you can attack the face and trunk including the vital points on the nose, eyes,
temples, throat, floating ribs, kidneys, and Solar Plexus. If these targets are
not available, attack the lower section including vital points on the groin,
outer thighs, kneecaps, shins, calves, and ankles to take away your
opponent's mobility. Once you have impaired his ability to move, you can go
back to the head and trunk.

Distance and Direction

Distance dictates what weapon to use and how to deploy it. The first target
to strike is the closest one. If a target is right in front of you, hit it on the
most direct line. If the target is to the side, attack in a circular motion. Avoid
using circular techniques at long distance, because you may lose your
balance or reveal your weaknesses. If the target is beyond your reach, close
in first with footwork and strike with a direct attack.

Angles

There are two considerations when it comes to using angles in fighting:

striking angle and positioning angle.

The striking angle is the degree of the contact your technique makes on the
skin or surface of the opponent's body. The most idealistic striking is
perpendicular to the target surface. However, fighting is a dynamic struggle
for superiority and things change constantly, so the perfect opportunity may
never come. You need to he fast enough to seize the opportunity or put
yourselfbe in the right position at the right time by setting up your opponent.

The positioning angle is the degree of your attacking line against the
opponent's position. From a superior position, you have more choices for
surprise attacks. For instance, when your opponent kicks your groin, instead
of moving straight backward, you are better off moving diagonally in a
lateral direction. If you end up in your opponent's anterior region, you can
strike his centerline; ifyou land in his lateral region, you can attack his back
or choke him out.
 The best option is always to attack the centerline of the
body at a perpendicular angle. The second best option is to
strike a region adjacent to a meridian, such as the floating
ribs and temple. As you progress, you'll be able to spot
these opportunities instinctively.

Speed and Timing

How fast and in which direction your opponent moves

affects your striking direction. If you reach out too early or
too late or in the wrong direction, you end up missing the
 target. Striking at just the right moment is the result of good
timing.

Timing is the act of adjusting your tempo of movement in

relation with your opponent's tempo of movement. The
goal is to strike the intended target with precision to
maximize the power of your strike. By controlling your
speed, your technique can reach its maximum power upon
impact. By choosing the right moment to strike, your
technique will hit the intended target, even if your opponent
is in motion.

Figure 3.16 Striking directions in a standing fight.

Attack the closest and most sensitive targets first. Once you get through the
opponent: defenses, attack the Puce and trunk including vital points on the
nose, eves, temples, throat, flouting ribs, kidneys, and Solar Plexus. Then,
attack low section vital points on the groin, outer thighs, kneecaps, shins,
calves, and ankles. When }you take your opponents mobility away, the fight
will become one-sided.
 Figure 3.17 Options for striking directions in a standing fight.

Which Way to Strike

1. Strike directly at the closest target.

The most effective attack is to strike directly to the closest target. In the
situation above:

a. If the opponent thrusts with the knife,

the hand holding the knife is the first
target (# 1).

b. If his head moves in first, hit his nose

(#2) with your knifehand. If you are an
excellent kicker, boldly, shoot your
roundhouse kick to the Protuberance
Assistance (LI 18).
 c. If his legs are moving first, attack the
lead leg with low roundhouse kick to
the ankle (#4), or the inner thigh (#5).
When he is in the medium range, kick
his groin (#6) with a front kick.

2. Be versatile.

If your opponent closes in one step toward you then changes his
mind and retreats one step, choose whatever weapon suits the
distance best. If he moves to your left, kick or strike leftward into
his centerline. If he moves to your right, strike rightward into his
centerline. If he moves toward you, slide back and pivot and hit.
When the direction of your attack has the right speed and timing,
your strike will have an powerful impact on the opponent.
 AND TECHNIQUES

Death Touch: Fact or Fiction

The Death Touch or Delayed Death Touch is often the first concept that
comes to mind when vital point striking is mentioned. But does it really
exist'? Can a single strike lead to instant death or cause an opponent to die
days later'?

As we've seen in the previous chapters, vital point striking can be

dangerous and even deadly, but there is no "magic" strike that will kill an
opponent instantly every time or cause an opponent to die some predictable
number of hours or days later. A single strike with sufficient force, delivered
at the proper angle can result in death. Points on the neck, throat and head
are particularly vulnerable because any injury that damages the brain directly
or impairs the flow of blood and oxygen to the brain can be lethal. For
example, constricting the carotid artery can cut off the flow of blood to the
brain, resulting in unconsciousness and death.

Similarly, the delayed death touch of legend - stories of mysterious strikes

that have seemingly no effect until days later when the victim suddenly dies
of unexplained causes - is just that, a legend. However, there may be some
scientific basis for the legend.

Consider the condition we now know as Second Impact Syndrome (SIS), a

rare condition in which the brain swells rapidly and catastrophically after a
victim suffers a second concussion before symptoms from an earlier
concussion have subsided. The two successive concussions don't need to be
severe and the second impact can be something as minor as a slap that
causes the victim's head to jerk suddenly. An opponent might seem to
survive such a blow to the head without significant damage, only to collapse
and die suddenly hours later. Although there are no immediate outward
indications that something is wrong, as soon as the second blow to the head
is landed, the brain begins swelling. When the victim falls unconscious the
next day, someone with no knowledge of SIS might attribute the condition to
a magic strike rather than the cumulative effects of the swelling that was
triggered by a series of brain injuries.

Similar conditions that can result in a delayed death directly resulting from
a traumatic injury are a subdural hematoma where there is bleeding in the
brain or a coronary embolism where a blood clot forms somewhere in the
body (for example from damage to a blood vessel in the leg) and travels to
the heart. The difference between these conditions and a magic death touch
is that these conditions are often treatable if recognized and while they may
result in death, there is no way to inflict them with certainty by a single
empty hand strike and no way to determine the number of hours or days later
that a victim will die. However, before the advent of modern medicine,
victims who died as a result of such conditions may indeed have appeared to
die from a mysterious delayed reaction.

BODILY WEAPONS & TECHNIQUES

There is no part of the human body that is not designed to be a weapon/Or

survival.
Strategic weapons are the nose, ears, neck, and eves:
the nose for smelling dangerous chemicals or poisons,
the ears for hearing an invader, the neck for rotating
the head to the object, and the eves for observing the
activities of the opponent. All of'these body parts are
critical for information collection so You can make
decisions and then act on them.

Tactical weapons are the bodv parts we more

commonly think of as bodily weapons such as the
joints and bones of the arms, hands, legs and, feet.
When these parts are toughened and used with speed
and power, the impact can be devastating.
 HANDS

The hands are essential to vital pointstriking. They can

be /o med into many configurations to .strike, poke,
press, pinch, jab, twist, pull, push, punch, slap and
grab every vital point on the opponent :c body. Among
the bodily weapons, the hands are the fastest, most
dexterous and easiest to deploy. They act and react
naturally, often without conscious thought. As
children, without even knowing that martial arts
existed, we naturally used our hands to defend
ourselves when needed. To he effective infighting, it is
important to recover our natural responses. When your
hands are .free to move instinctively, t'ou can be
spontaneous in blocking, striking and grappling.
FINGERTIPS
Tip of the Index Finger

Function: The tip of the index finger is a sharp weapon that can be used to
press the Celestial Chimney (CV22) and other soft vital points.

Method: Straighten your index finger and bend it slightly. Close the rest
of your hand into a fist. Through the fingertip, transmit the force of your
hand, wrist, arm and body.

Major Targets: Eyeball (AD-H 1), Celestial Chimney (CV22), Energy

Abode (ST 11), Wind Screen (TW 17)
Scissors Fingertips

Function: The scissors fingertips are useful in attacking the eyes.

Method: Straighten your index and middle fingers and bend them slightly.
Split your fingers apart; the distance will vary according to the target. Use
your thumb to hold your other two fingers against your palm.

Major Targets: Eyeballs (AD-H 1)

Pinching Fingertips
Function: Pinching fingertips are effective in attacking soft tissue areas
where vital points are located close to the surface of the skin, for example
the biceps or cheek.

Method: Hook your thumb and index finger slightly. To pinch, bend your
index finger to form the base of the pinching and press downward onto
the radial side of your index finger with your thumb, squeezing the skin
between the two.

Major Targets: Auricle (AD-H2), Blue Spirit (HT02)

The tip of the finger can penetrate deephv into the cavity between bones
causing tormenting pain. Target examples are the Energy Abode (STl1) and
the Wind Screen (TWI 7).
 Pinching the Auricle (AD-H2) causes unpleasant pain in the ear.

Four Fingertips

Function: All four fingertips are effective in attacking the eyes,

mandibular joint, and temple, as well as pressing the Brachial
Plexus and the Shoulder Well (G132 1). You can snap the tips or thrust
deeply into the target.

Method: Straighten the fingers and bend them slightly. For snapping, bend
your wrist backward and snap toward the target. For thrusting, straighten
your wrist, collect your energy in your fingertips and thrust into the target.
Strike or thrust horizontally against a horizontally exposed target such as
supraclavicular fossa. Strike or thrust vertically against a vertically
exposed target such as the Solar Plexus.

Major Targets: Celestial Chimney (CV22), Wind Pool (GB20),

Protuberance Assistance (LI I8), Empty Basin (ST12), Shoulder Well
(GB21), Turtledove Tail (CV 15), Great Horizontal (SP15), Return and
Arrive (ST29)
 Fingertips penetrate the soft skin deeper than a punch to inflict pain in the
viscera. Against ci tall opponent, you can thrust to the Great Horizontal
(SP15).

Thumb Tip

Function: A thumb tip is effective for pressing nerve cavities because it is

a powerful, penetrating, easy to use weapon. Thumb tips can be used to
press the eyeballs or to open the mouth laterally.

Method: Open your hands with your fingers outstretched. Bend your
thumb slightly less than 90 degrees with the tip pointing at the target.
Using the force of the forearm, thrust the tip of your thumb into the target.
Once your thumb is planted on the vital point, transfer your body weight
through your forearm into the target to maximize the impact.

Major Targets: Eyeball (AD-H 1), Protuberance Assistance (LI 18),

Lower Biceps (AD-UE 1), Union Valley (L104), Dorsal Center (AD-
UE5), Great Bone-Orifice (ST03), Pool at the Bend (LI I I), Blue Spirit
(HT02), Guarding White (LU04), Small Sea (SI08), Lesser Sea (HT03),
Lesser Mansion (HT08), Wind Screen (TW 17), Wind Pool (GB20),
Celestial Pillar (BL 10), Supporting Sinews (BL56), Supporting Mountain
(BL57)
A thumb tip press technique can he used in combination with various
.striking techniques to intensifi, the effects.
 Above: A thumb tip thrust to the Supporting Sinews (131.56) is useful to
escape from aside headlock.
Below: A thumb tip press to the Ridge Spring (('t 23) is a surprise to an on-
coining opponent.
A double thumb tip press intensities the impact: lc'/1 thrush press to the
Lumbar Pain Point (E.1"-Uli7), right thumb tip press to the Lesser Sea
(11T03).
KNUCKLE PUNCH/PRESS
Single Knuckle

Function: For striking soft cavities, single knuckles are effective weapons.
Due to the sharp focused edge and support of the other fingers, a single
knuckle strike generates condensed force that penetrates deeply into the
nerves and blood vessels. Striking should be precise and fast to cause
sharp shocking pain. Rotation of the knuckle after impact adds pain as
well as further damage to the deeper tissue. For thrusting, a prolonged
deep thrust generates an unpleasant sensation that can be used to move or
manipulate the opponent. There are three common knuckles for vital point
strikes: the middle, index and thumb knuckles.

Single Middle Knuckle

Method: Open your hand and make a fist with the middle knuckle
protruding. Press the top of the first knuckle of the index finger with the
first knuckle of the thumb.
Major Targets: Temple (EX- HN5), Eyeball (AD-H 1), Wind Pool (GB20),
Jade Pillow (BL09), Philtrum (GV26), Ring of Jumping (GB30), Surging
Yang (ST42)

Single Index Knuckle

Method: Open your hand and make a fist with the index knuckle protruding.
Support the index finger, with the tip of the thumb and the middle finger.

Major Targets: Temple (EX-HN5), Eyeball (ADH 1), Wind Pool (GB20),
Jade Pillow (BL09), Protuberance Assistance (LI 18), Philtrum (GV26)

Single Thumb Knuckle

Method: Open your hand, make a fist, and put the tip of the thumb on the
crease of the first and second knuckle of the index finger.

Major Targets: Temple (EX-HN5), Eyeball (AD-H1), Wind Pool (GB20),

Jade Pillow (13L09), Philtrum (GV26), Ring of Jumping (GB30)
 Above: Single index knuckle thrust to the common carotid artery.
Below: Single middle knuckle thrust to the Surging Yang (ST42).

Four Knuckles

Function: The four knuckles are useful for striking narrow, long targets
such as the vertical line around the Solar Plexus, side of'the neck, and
under the floating ribs. This type of strike produces complex pain by
impacting multiple targets surrounding a particular vital point or points.
For example, striking the Solar Plexus not only causes pain in the cavity
but also in the neighboring region due to the network of nerves in the
area. The four knuckles can be used to strike horizontally, thrust vertically
or as an uppercut according to the target.

Method: Bend your four fingers at the first two joints, as in the first step
of making it fist. Keep your thumb bent along the side of your palm.

Major Targets: Turtledove Tail (CV 15), Wind Screen (TW 17),
Abdominal Lament (SP16), Protuberance Assistance (LI l8), Spirit Door
(13L42), Cycle Gate (IN 14)
A knuckle punch to the Turtledove Tail ((TI 5) in/!lets pain throughout the
Solar Plexus region.
FIST
Straight Punch Fist

Function: A fist is one of the most powerful weapons that your body is
equipped with. The power of a fist does not come from your size and
muscular development alone; it comes from a combination of many
elements such as fitness, technique, speed, precision, timing, momentum,
and mental conditioning. An overly tight fist is counterproductive, resulting
in injury and imprecision. Keep your fingers, wrists, elbows and shoulders
aligned and relaxed. Squeeze your fist at the moment of impact to deliver
focused power generated from the center of your body.

Method: 1) Open your hand and fold your four fingers securely into your
palm. 2) Put your thumb on the second knuckles of the index and middle
fingers and press them firmly. 3) Hold the fingers firmly together so that
each bone augments the one next to it forming a unit of integrated force.
Align the bones of your wrist to deliver your bodily force. Keep your
hand firm enough to deliver the force of the punch yet supple enough to
relax the muscles until the point of impact.

Major Targets: Sauce Receptacle (CV24), Temple (EX-HN5), Great

Reception (ST05), Philtrum (GV26), Turtledove Tail (CV 15), Abdominal
Lament (SP16), Spirit Tower (GV 10)
 A straight punch to the Temple (EX-11N5) can shock the brain and cause
severe headache and dizziness.
The Great Reception (ST05) and the Jaw Chariot (ST06) are most popular
targets for a knockout.

Vertical Punch Fist

Function: Vertical punching is used against a vertically weak target such

as the Solar Plexus or a target when the muscles or other underlying
structure are aligned vertically. Before hitting, relax your hand. At the
moment of impact, squeeze your hand firmly and nail the target like a
hammer. When you hit a hard target, keep your hand supple. When you
 punch a soft target strike it deeply. The important qualities ofa punch are
accuracy, agility, and concentration of power.

Method: I) Open your hand and fold your four fingers securely into your
palm. 2) Put the tip of your thumb on the crease of the first and second
knuckle of the index finger. 3) Hold the fingers firmly together so that
each bone augments the one next to it forming a unit of integrated force.
4) Align your fist with the striking surface perpendicular to the ground.

Major Targets: Great Reception (ST05), Protuberance Assistance (LI 18),

Turtledove Tail (CV 15), Abdominal Lament (SP16), Spirit Hall (BL44),
Spirit Tower (GV10), Capital Gate (GB25)

Uppercut Punch Fist

Function: An uppercut punch is used in close or medium distance to transfer

the total bodily force upward.

Method: I) Make a fist and assume a fighting position. 2) From your

fighting position, lower your punching hand slightly. 3) Rotate the hips
forward while pushing oft' the ball of the rear foot and punching straight
up into the target, and then quickly bring your hand back to your original
position.
Major Targets: Ridge Spring (CV23), Turtledove Tail (CV 15), Not
Contained (ST19), Abdominal Lament (SP 16), Central Venter (CV 12)
In combination with a wrist lock, a modified vertical punch to the Great
Reception (STI)5) is .shockingly powerful.
 An uppercut punch is most effective when the opponent inhales in
preparation f rr the next attack.

Backfist

Function: A backfist utilizes the back knuckles of the hand for striking. It
is primarily used as a surprise attack, counterattack, or to close the
distance from the front, side or rear. In general, it is most useful at
medium range. At close range, you can pull the opponent's head toward
you to add more power to a backfist strike. The power of a backfist comes
from the snapping action, forearm muscle torque, and deceptive
execution. For maximum surprise and power, begin to move your hand as
closely to the center of the body as possible and snap it very quickly to
the target. The striking directions are forward, horizontal, vertically
 downward or spinning. To make the backfist even more practical, you can
move on to elbow strike or choking techniques as soon as your fist lands
on a target on the face.

Vertical (Downward) Backfist

Method: Make a fist as described in the straight backfist method. For a

vertical strike, snap the fist vertically downward to the target.

Major Targets: Marsh at the Bend (PC03), Cubit Marsh (LU05), Lower
Biceps (AD- UE 1), Shoulder Well (GB21), Spirit Tower (GV 10)
Spinning Backfist

Method: Make a fist as described in the straight backfist method. For a

spinning strike, turn while moving your rear foot forward toward the target
and coiling your body. As you complete your turn, uncoil your body and
release your fist into the target.

Major Targets: Temple (EX-HN5), Protuberance Assistance (LI18), Jaw

Chariot (ST06), Auditory Convergence (GB02), Auricle (AD-H2)

Straight Backfist

Method: Fold your tour fingers tightly into your palm. Put your thumb on
the second knuckles of the index and middle fingers and press them firmly.
Bring the fist under your armpit or in front otyour chest with your elbow
bent as tightly as possible. Snap the backfist toward the target in front of
you.
 Major Targets: Bamboo Gathering (13L02), Sauce Receptacle (CV24),
Temple (EX-HN5)

Seal Hall (EX-I IN3), Eyeball (AI)-III)

 The buck/ist is a versatile weapon that can he used in a varie tt' o/
situations: (above left) siraitht strike to the Temple (EX-11N5), (above
right) lateral strike to the Seal !fall (EX-IN 3). (right) rear strike to the
Eyeball (t91)-Ill ).

Hammer Fist

!'unction: A hammer fist is a technique that utilizes the bottom of the fist
to strike a target like a hammer. It can he applied from all angles. It is
powerful and deceptive, if used properly. In general, the trajectory of the
strike is circular.

Method: Squeeze the tour fingers tightly in the palm. Put your thumb on
the second knuckles of the index and middle fingers and press them
firmly. For a forward strike, bring the fist close to your body with your
elbow bent as tightly as possible, and snap the bottom of the fist to the
front. For a downward strike, raise your elbow, snap the forearm
downward. For a horizontal strike, bring your elbow and hand close to the
centerline with the palm facing your body, then snap your hammer fist at
shoulder height outward with the palm facing downward. For a rear
strike, drop your fist to hip height and strike backward to a target such as
the groin.

Major Targets: Unyielding Space (GV 18), Groin (AD'I 'l ), Jade Hall (CV
18), Extremity of Yang (GV09), Spirit Door (BL42), Spirit Hall (13L44),
Spirit Path (GV I I ), Spirit Tower (GV 10), Behind the Vertex (GVI9)

Lateral rear hannner fist strike to the Groin (A D-17) D-Tl) against rear hear
/iio,.
OPEN HAND
Knifehand

Function: A knifehand (aka hand blade) is widely used for offense and
defense. It is an effective weapon to strike vertical targets such as the neck
and upper arms. The impact can impair the blood circulation and damage
nerves and the skeletal system. The trajectory of the strike is circular.

Method: Open your hand with your fingers held straight. Press your
fingers tightly together. Focus the force firmly in your fingers to the degree
that the palm side arches slightly forward. Curl your thumb into the palm
and bend the thumb knuckle downward. The bottom of the bone near the
wrist is the striking area. For an inward strike, bring the knifehand in front
of your same side shoulder with your palm facing forward and snap it out
inwardly toward a target. For an outward strike, bring the knifehand in
front of the opposite side of your chest with the palm facing the body and
snap it outward toward a target. For a downward strike, raise your arm in
the air and swing it down toward a target in a chopping motion. For
maximum power, transfer the internal force from your lower abdomen to
your arms by twisting your hips and synchronizing the entire body as a
unit with the strike.

Major Targets: Philtrum (GV26), Pool at the Bend (LI11), Protuberance

Assistance (LI18), Temple (EX-HN5), Shoulder Well (GB21), Small Sea
(SI08), Supporting Sinews (BL56)
 Left: A knifehand strike to the Protuberance Assistance (LI18) can cause a
knockout or even death due to a sudden, precipitous drop in blood pressure.
 Right: The knifehand is a flexible weapon. As the shape or position of the
target changes, you can change your hand .shape for a palm heel or hammer
fist strike.
Palm Heel

t'nnction: A palm heel is used for striking, blocking or pressing using the
metacarpal bones of the hand. It is an effective weapon for striking
protruding targets such as the nose, ear or chin.

Method: Open your hand. Bend your fingers slightly and expose the bony
area ofyour hand. Focus the force firmly in the heel of your palm. The
hone near the wrist is the striking area but the middle part of the hand is
also useful for striking the ear and nose. Do not limit yourself to one size
or type of hand shape. Be flexible in changing the shape ofyour hand to fit
dif- Icrent targets: small and projecting, widespread, deep and holloN~.

Major Targets: White Bone-Orifice (GV25), Great Reception (ST05),

Ridge Spring (CV23), Sauce Receptacle (CV24), Temple (I:X-HN5), Seal
Hall (FA-IIN3), Eyeball (AD-I I l ), Auricle (AD-112), Great BoneOrifice
(ST03), Celestial Well (TW I0), Philtrum (GV26), Jaw Chariot (ST06)
A paten strike to the If'hite Bone-Orifice ((; t "25) can impede the vision of
the opponent.

Palm heel strike to the Great Reception (STOS) and head twist.
Right: Palm heel strike to the Ridge Spring (CV23) and under the Sauce
Receptacle ((T24).
 ELBOW

The elbows and forearms are bigger in size than the

hands. They are not as fast as the hands but have more
power and can break the will of an opponent. They can
smash hones and knock down an opponent with
sheetfire. In close quarter fighting, lour elbows and
forearms can he as fast as your hands depending on the
level ofvour training. You can shoot your elbow from
all different angles and surprise the opponent. To he
effective in defense, keep your elbows slightly bent at
all times. In attacking, keep your elhow as sharp as the
tip of an arrow, and the forearm as cutting as a .sword.

Elbow

Function: An elbow strike is done by the sharp end of the ulna and the hard
lower end of the humerus. It causes cuts, head injuries, broken ribs, and
knockouts. It is an effective weapon for close fighting. Generally it is used
in combination with kicks, punches and grappling techniques. The
directions of attack are forward, rearward, upward, downward, inward,
outward, and diagonal. Elbow striking is particularly effective from the top
in groundfighting since the ground traps the head allowing the full force of
the strike to pound the skull.

Method: I) For a horizontal elbow strike, bend your elbow and bring your
fist in front of your same side shoulder with your palm facing inward.
Raise your elbow in front of you horizontally with your palm facing
downward. 2) For a vertical upward elbow strike, bend your elbow and
bring your fist in front of your same side shoulder with your palm facing
inward. Raise your elbow in front of you vertically with your palm facing
your ear. 3) For a vertical downward elbow strike, raise your arm and drop
the elbow vertically with the palm facing you. 4) For a rear elbow strike,
bend your elbow and bring your fist in front of your same side shoulder
with your palm facing inward. Move your elbow backward with your palm
facing upward (mid section) or with the palm downward (high section). 5)
For a diagonal elbow strike, bend your elbow and bring your fist in front
of your same side shoulder with your palm facing inward. Move your
elbow diagonally inward on an up-to-down path.

Major Targets: Bamboo Gathering (BL02), Philtrum (GV26), Protuberance

Assistance (LI I8), Temple (EX- HN5), Leading Valley (GB08), Auditory
Convergence (GB02), Wind Pool (GB20), Shoulder Well (GB21), Eyeball
(AD-H 1), White Bone-Orifice (GV25), Sauce Receptacle (CV24), Great
Reception (ST05), Jade Pillow (BL09), Jaw Chariot (ST06), Turtledove
Tail (CV 15), Outer Mound (ST26), Spirit Tower (GV 10), Crouching
Rabbit (ST32), Upper Arm (LI 14)
llori. ontal elbow strike to the Leading l allot' (GB08).
Cut-in elbow sh•ike to flit' Wind Poo! (GB20).
:1 backward elhoiw strike to the Greal Bonc Orifice (ST03) to escape from a
,'rah.

Iowand elbow strike to the Prwuheranc•e :1s- sistanre (LIMY) can defeat a
larger attacker

Forearm

Function: The forearm is a blunt weapon that can be used for defensive
and offensive purposes. You can move it vertically, horizontally,
diagonally and other ways as situations arise. An inner forearm is a good
way to trap the head, neck, arm or leg. The outer forearm can generate a
powerful blow to the head, arm or torso. Be careful when striking hard
targets, because the radius and ulna bones can be fractured.

Method: Bend your elbow and make a fist. 1) For a vertical forearm strike,
raise your elbow and bring the outer forearm down toward the target like a
sword. 2) For a horizontal forearm strike, bring your arm outward slightly,
then move your forearm toward target. 3) For a diagonal forearm strike,
bring your arm to your ear with your palm facing forward, then move your
outer forearm toward the target at a forty-five degree angle. 4) For a
forearm V-block, bend your arm in a V-shape and position your elbow at
an angle to receive the blow with minimum friction. 5) For other forearm
blocks, use the ulna side of the forearm or the back of the forearm for
safety.

Major Targets: Protuberance Assistance (L118), White Bone-Orifice

(GV25), Shoulder Well (GB2 1), Marsh at the Bend (PC03), Lower Biceps
(AD-UEI), Small Sea (S108), Lower Calf (AD-LE4)
V-block with your forearm against a knit' thrust at close range.
When choking, use your fore arm to press the Protuberance Assistance (L11
8).
l•01•rarln control of the head.
 l•'orcarnl control o/ the neck while su bd uing an attack(',:

Above: Use your filrcarnl to trap the opponents arm ai.'aillst a knife thrust.
Forearm choke while trapping the knife hand.
 KNEE

The knee is a blunt weapon. It moves .slower than any

other hodi/v weapon, but its impact is devastating. A
round knee kick to the Central River (GB32) on the
thigh can disable the leg momentarily. A knee kick to
the Lumbar Transport (GV02) on the tailbone can
paralyze the hods. The knee is a weapon o/'power,
Surprise, and demolition.

Knee Kick

Function: Your knees are your most powerful weapons in a close quarter
fight. You can jab the knee to the groin, outer thigh, lower stomach, and
drop it on the head when an opponent goes down. There are five types of
knee kicks that are useful for self-protection: straight, circular, jump,
stomp, and ground knee kick.

Method: I) For a straight knee kick: From fighting stance, raise your knee
and bend it sharply, then kick with the center of the patella. You can kick
forward to a target such as the groin or lower stomach and upward to a
target such as the opponent's head when you pull it down. At the moment
of impact, keep your standing knee slightly bent for balance. 2) For a
circular knee kick, from fighting stance, bend your knee sharply and swing
it into the target in a circular motion. Keep your standing knee slightly
bent and your torso balanced. 3) For a jump knee kick, from fighting
stance, hop with your kicking knee sharply bent, both hands up and your
torso upright for balance. Bury your knee into the center of the opponent's
body. 4) For a stomp knee kick, from a standing position, bring your
sharply bent knee up and drop it vertically onto the target on the ground. 5)
For a ground knee kick, from the side mount position, kneeling on one
knee, hold the opponent with both hands. Bring your kicking knee straight
or diagonally backward according to the angle of your strike. Keep your
eyes on the target at all times. Slam the target with your knee while
holding the opponent firmly.

Major Targets: Groin (AD-TI), Curved Bone (CV02), Passage of Origin

(CV04) , Outer Mound (ST26), Central River (GB 32), Crouching Rabbit
(ST32), Spring at the Bend (LV08), Yin Bladder (LV09), Turtledove Tail
(CV 15), Chest Center (CV 17), Camphorwood Gate (LV 13), Capital Gate
(GB25), Gallbladder (AD- T2), Lumbar Transport (GV02), Philtrum
(GV26), Jaw Chariot (ST06), Bend Center (BL40)
A straight knee kick to the Curved Bone (CV02) can break the opponent 'e
s,'rip.
Circular knee kick to the C'eniral River ((;B32).
A straight knee kick to the Philtrum (GV26) while pulling his head down
from the front.
Below: A circular knee kick to the Jaw Chariot (ST06) against an opponent
going for your legs. Step hack and kick quickly to avoid getting caught.
, 1 snapping knee kick to the Bend Center (Bl 4O) to take an opponent (/own
to the real:
Your knee and upper thigh are also rose/ul in transitions to nnrgni/i' pain and
maintain i'our initiative.
Surprise is the most effective psychological tool in a fight. The rarely used
has the most breathtaking effect.
 Fool

Theftet are mainly used /or mobility vet are powerful

weapons to attack the limbs, trunk, and head. The legs
are longer and much more power Jid than the arms,
thus the feet can reach where the hands cannot and can
smash tarc'ets that are too big for hands. To fight
against a puncher, use tour feet as a surprise attack.
With wise usage of the /eet, you can defeat any' type of
opponent at close, mediunn and long distance.

Kicking

Function: The feet are the wheels of the human body. They provide
mobility. When these mobile parts are directed to specific vital points, they
turn into deadly weapons. Your feet can reach from the opponent's toes to
the top of his head and produce much more force than hand strikes. When
precision, speed, and flexibility are combined, your kicking techniques
become invaluable in standing and ground fighting. The most commonly
used kicks for self-defense are front, roundhouse, side, back kick and
kicking on the ground.

Method: I) For front kick, from fighting stance, lift your sharply bent
kicking knee forward. As the knee reaches the proper height, release your
foot toward the target. 2) For roundhouse kick, from fighting stance,
chamber your knee forward, pivot your standing foot and rotate your hip
toward the target, then release the foot toward the target. 3) For side kick,
from fighting stance, bring your knee forward and pivot the standing foot
toward the target, then throw the blade of your foot, and kick the target. 4)
For back kick, from fighting position, chamber your knee and thrust your
heel or bottom of the foot into the target. 5) For kicking on the ground, put
one of your hands behind you on the ground for leverage, turn your body
slightly to the side for protection and mobility, and as the opponent comes
closer, throw side kicks or an upward stomp kick with the bottom of your
foot at the opponent's shin, knee, thigh, or stomach.

Major Targets: Groin (AD-TI), Curved Bone (CV02), Passage of Origin

(CV04) , Outer Mound (ST26), Central River (GB 32), Crouching Rabbit
(ST32), Spring at the Bend (LV08), Yin Bladder (LV09), Turtledove Tail
(CV 15), Chest Center (CV 17), Camphorwood Gate (LV 13), Abdominal
Lament (SP16), Great Horizontal (SP15), Capital Gate (GB25),
Protuberance Assistance (LI18), Temple (EX-HN5), Crane's Summit (EX-
LE2), Inner Calf (AD-LE6)

Left: Ball of the foot

Use an instep front kick to the Groin (AD-TI) cn,'ainst an opponent grabbing
your wrists.
Side kick to the C'rane:s Summit (EX-LE2).
Left: Inward heel kick to the Yang Mound Sprint,' ((1834).
Roundhouse instep kick to the Great Horizontal (SP15).

Roundhouse hall kick to the Ahdominal Lament (SP16).

Below: Against a rear attack, use flit, bottom of the heel to kick the Groin
(AD-TI), Curved Bone (CV02), or Passe{s,'e of Origin (CV04).
Use the longer reach orvour side kick to kick the Highest Spring (HTOI).

Roundhouse kick to the Wind Pool (GB20).

 Front pushing kick to the Turtledove Tail (CV15).

Against an opponent who rushes in, use a side stop kick to the Great
Horizontal (SI'15).
Stomp kick to the, Surging Yang (ST42) to distract the opponent.
 HEADBUTT

As a weapon, the head is better used for thinking than

for striking, however when you have no other options,
a headbutt can he a lifesaving technique. The element
of surprise is critical to headbutting. The headhutl is a
technique that you can use once in a fight, so if you
choose to use it, make it count.

Headbutt

Function: The head is the most vulnerable target and thus a headbutt is
dangerous to use in fighting. However, due to the hardness of the skull,
when applied correctly, a headbutt is a powerful technique that may stop
an aggressive opponent in a desperate situation. The key is to close the
distance and to use the hard part of the forehead to strike a soft target such
as the nose.

Method: From a natural stance, tuck your chin down, clench your teeth,
and stiffen the neck muscles. Aim and snap your head toward the target.
For more power, use your body weight. Keep your eyes on your opponent
at all times. Because of the sensitive nature of the brain, which can be
damaged by repeated impact, practicing headbutting is not recommended.

Major Targets: Sauce Receptacle (CV24), White Bone-Orifice (GV25),

Great Bone-Orifice (ST03), Eyeball (AD-11 l ), Temple (EX-HN5),
Turtledove Tail (C'V 15), Jade Hall (CV 18), Seal Hall (EX-HN3),
Leading Valley (GB08), Auditory Palace (SI 19)
Straight headbutt to the Great Bone-Orifice (STO3).
A headhutt to the Sauce Receptacle (C'V24) can damage the opponents nose
and mouth.
While pressing the Pool at the Bend (Lill) with your thumb and striking the
groin with tour left hammer fist, deliver a headhutt to the Leading Valley
(GB0) to shock the opponent into releasing his grip.
Against a larger opponent drive a heaclhuti to the Turtledos'e Tail (('V15)
against his wrist grab.
BOOK
 2
VITAL POINTS AND
 TECHNIQUES

OVERVIEW

Book 2 details 202 vital points that can be struck or pressed to cause pain
or physical damage to an opponent during a physical confrontation. In
addition to the traditionally recognized acupoints and extra points, there
are 16 additional points like the groin, temple, gallbladder and eyeball that
are included for their importance as targets in the fighting arts and combat
sports. These points are coded AD- and are indicated on the charts with
light gray circles.

The description for each point details where to strike, neighboring

anatomy, how to strike, and the potential effects on an opponent. The
descriptions are short and succinct to allow you to easily review and scan
the points for reference. For accuracy, the location of each point is
described using anatomically specific terms that may not be familiar to the
layperson. To supplement the descriptions, anatomical and scientific words
are defined in lay terms in the glossary at the back of the book and each
point location is identified on a human model. Of course, there is no
substitute for learning the point locations from a knowledgeable teacher,
however this section can serve as a definitive reference. Additionally, the
involved major nerves and blood vessels are identified for those readers
interested in connecting the Western scientific aspect of vital point theory
with the traditional Chinese medicine approach. Finally, each point
description lists suggested techniques and potential effects. While the
effects are possible outcomes, actual outcomes and your choice of
techniques is entirely dependent on your skill level, training and ability to
apply the techniques in a chaotic and stressful self-defense, combat or
competitive situation.

Book 2 begins with a brief overview of the plexus concept. A plexus is a

complex system of nerve networks, creating a highly vulnerable spot on
the human body. It is a worthwhile subject of study for martial artists and
sport fighters because of its potential for creating knockout blows and
complex physical reactions in an opponent. The remaining chapters of
Book 2 divide the body into sections: Chapter 6 introduces vital points on
the head and neck; Chapter 7 vital points on the trunk; Chapter 8 vital
points on the arm and hand; Chapter 9 vital points on the leg and foot.
After the points for each area ofthe body are introduced, sample
applications are provided to give a practical visual illustration ofsonic
ofthe techniques mentioned in the point descriptions.

It should be noted that many of the applications for vital points on the leg
show a pressing or striking technique that is intended to be applied ifyou
have been knocked to the ground, are being dominated by a standing
opponent or are struggling on the ground in a deadlock. In such a situation,
pressing a point on the opponent's calf, thigh or foot can be a tactical move
to distract the opponent or cause him to loosen his grip, allowing you an
opening to deliver a stronger technique. From the given examples, it's up
to you to experiment with applications in a wide variety of fighting
situations.
PLEXUS STRIKES
 NERVE NETWORKS

What is a Plexus?

A plexus is an area where nerves divide and reunite. It

is a complex network of nerves. Two or more of these
nerve networks form a concentrated web of nerve
fibers running from the brain or spine through the
neck, heart, stomach, arms or legs, creating a highly
vulnerable spot on the human body.

What are Ganglia?

A ganglion (pl. ganglia) is a mass of nerve tissue

containing nerve cells located outside of the brain or
spinal cord. Ganglia are often interconnected with
other ganglia, forming a plexus. They function as
nerve hubs relaying impulses between body parts and
the Peripheral and Central Nervous Systems.

What are Nerve Junctions?

While a plexus is a cluster of nerve networks, a nerve

junction is where a major nerve branches out into two
or more nerves. When a nerve junction is struck, the
impact spreads simultaneously to multiple parts of the
body. Even when you miss the precise center of the
junction, as long as you hit the branches of the nerve,
you can achieve a similar degree of impact.

Why Strike a Nerve Network?

It's hard to strike a small target, such as a single vital
point, accurately. It's even more difficult if the target
is in constant irregular motion. A nerve network strike
has a high degree of success because the target is
large, which allows for a greater margin of error in
combat. A plexus or nerve junction is like an enlarged
vital target, consisting of many vital points in a
concentrated area. These are vulnerable, complicated,
and easy-tostrike targets. You can generate double or
triple the impact of an average strike by attacking
multiple nerves at once.
 12 MAJOR PLEXUS
Anterior Region

TF:IIPORAI. PLEXUS

The Temporal Plexus, also known as the Superficial Temporal Plexus, is an

autonomic network of nerves on the temporal region. The major nerves in
this region are the trigeminal nerve, the facial nerve, the oculomotor nerve
and trochlear nerve. Striking this area can instantly shock the brain leading
to blurred vision, severe headache, and a knockout.

CERVICAL. PLEXUS

The Cervical Plexus, located in the neck, is a plexus of the first four
cervical spinal nerves. The nerves originate from the back of the head and
neck. They are located lateral to the transverse processes. Nerve branches
from the Cervical Plexus are the lesser occipital nerve, great auricular
nerve, transverse cervical nerve, and supraclavicular nerves. Striking or
choking this region can shock the brain and deplete the brain's blood and
oxygen supply, causing an instant knockout or death.

BRA('IIIAL PLEXUS

The Brachial Plexus is a network of nerves on the neck and shoulder that
control the muscles and sensations in the shoulders, arms and hands. The
nerves found here originate from the neck and branch out into the arms and
hands via the shoulder. Striking this region can damage the neck, shoulder,
or upper arm, and can cause paralysis of the trunk.

CARDIAC PLEXUS

The Cardiac Plexus is a plexus of nerves located at the base of the heart. It
is connected to the Coronary Plexus, the Pulmonary Plexus, the cervical
ganglia of the sympathetic trunk, and the cardiac branches of the vagus and
recurrent laryngeal nerves. Striking this region can cause damage to the
heart, unconsciousness and potentially death.

CELIAC PLEXUS

The Celiac Plexus, commonly known as the Solar Plexus, is located on the
level of the first lumbar vertebra in the abdomen, behind the stomach. It is a
large complex network of sympathetic nerves, ganglia and interconnecting
fibers. The branches of the plexus are connected to the nerves in the
abdominal viscera. Striking this region can cause stoppage of the heart and
breathing, severe pain in the stomach, spasm in the diaphragm, and a
knockout.

SUPERIOR HYPO(;AS'I'RIC PLEXUS

The Superior Hypogastric Plexus, also known as the Hypogastric Plexus, is

a network of nerves situated in front of the 5th lumbar vertebra below the
umbilicus, above the sacrum and between the two common iliac arteries. It
is composed of many filaments branched off from the aortic plexus and the
lumbar plexus. Kicking this region can cause severe pain or spasm in the
lower stomach, damage to the organs, and a knockout.

PELVIC PLExus

The Pelvic Plexus, also known as the Inferior Hypogastric Plexus, is a

network of nerves in the viscera of the pelvic cavity. Many branches of
nerves that innervate the viscera of the pelvis such as the Rectal Plexus, the
Vesical Plexus, and the Prostatic Plexus stem from the Pelvic Plexus.
Kicking this area can cause paralysis of the lower limbs, severe pain in the
lower abdomen, and loss of consciousness.

PATEI.I.A PLEXUS

The Patella Plexus, also known as the Peripatellar Plexus, is located on the
knee. It consists of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, the anterior
cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve, and the infrapatellar branch of the
saphenous nerve. Kicking this region with a side kick or pushing kick
causes intense pain and can disable the leg instantly.

Figure 5.1 Major plexus on the anterior body.

Posterior Region

PULMONARY PLEXILIS

The Pulmonary Plexus, an autonomic plexus that includes the pulmonary

branches of the vagus nerve, is located below the Cardiac Plexus. Striking
this region can shock the lungs and cause stoppage of breath. Tormenting
pain in the back can be transmitted along the spinal cord and paralyze the
torso.

SUBTRAPEZIAL PLEXUS

The Subtrapezial Plexus is located vertically along the scapula. It is a

combined nerve network of the spinal accessory nerve from the 3rd and
4th cervical vertebrae. Striking this region causes excruciating pain in the
scapula and can cause paralysis of the upper back.

Luti1BAR PLEXUS

The Lumbar Plexus is a network of nerves in the lumbar region of the

body. It is located in the posterior part of the psoas major muscle between
the I st and 4th lumbar vertebrae. Several nerves originate from the spinal
nerves here and split into branches to the pubis, genitals, hips and thighs.
Kicking this region can cause paralysis of the lower limbs, severe pain
and fractures in the lower back, and loss of consciousness.

SACRAL PLEXUS

The Sacral Plexus is a network of nerves originating from the sacral

vertebrae. It is located between the 4th lumbar vertebra and the 4th sacral
vertebra and involves the nerves of the pelvis and lower limbs. Impact on
this region can cause unconsciousness, paralysis of the lower back and
limbs, and unbearable pain in the lower hip and genitals.

Figure 5.2 Major plexus on the posterior body.

 APPLICATIONS

TEMPORAL PI.Exus

You can strike the Temporal Plexus from many directions: front, side, and
rear. A wide variety of weapons are effective: punch, hammer fist,
knifchand strike, palm heel strike, fingertip jab, elbow strike, roundhouse
kick, knee kick (on the ground), and headbutt. The key factors for success
are precise distance and timing of the strike. A good tactic is to feint with a
straight attack to the head, then strike the Temporal Plexus.
CERVICAL PLEXIL:S

The Cervical Plexus is located in the neck, connecting the head and the
trunk. Damage to this region can result in death in a matter of seconds. A
good tactic is to attack the face or trunk first and then strike the Cervical
Plexus region. Knifehand strike, elbow strike, forearm strike, choke,
roundhouse kick, and hammer fist are all effective techniques for attacking
the Cervical Plexus.
BRACHIAL PLF:xLS

The Brachial Plexus starts from the neck (the 5th and 8th cervical
vertebrae and the I st thoracic vertebra) and branches out to the arm (the
radial, median and ulnar nerves) and the armpit (the axillary nerve).
Striking this area can incapacitate the neck, shoulder, and arm. Due to the
position of the plexus (under the clavicle), you should strike just the below
or above the clavicle, unless you intend to chop the clavicle hone with
your elbow. The key to success is the angle of striking. Ifyou strike
downward on the clavicle with a hammer fist, it will not only shock the
Brachial Plexus, but may also break the bone. To attack below the bone,
use a hammer fist, thumb or fingertip press, or elbow strike. For striking
above the clavicle, use a downward elbow strike or fingertip press.
CARDIAC PLEXUS

The heart is protected by the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th ribs and the sternum in
the middle of the chest. The sternum is composed of porous vascular tissue
covered by a thin flattened layer of compact bone. The bottom of the
sternum, called the xiphoid process, is the weakest spot. Striking the
Cardiac Plexus can generate severe pain in the heart, and potentially break
the bone of the sternum into pieces, leading to death.
CELIAC PLEXUS

The Celiac Plexus, also known as the Solar Plexus, is located right behind
the stomach. Kicking or punching this region shocks the nerves of the
abdominal organs, causing the stoppage of breath, spasm of the diaphragm,
and unconsciousness. The key to success is striking when the opponent is
inhaling.
SUPERIOR HIvPO(:ASTRIC PLEXUS

The Superior Hypogastric Plexus is located right below the umbilicus.

This is a good spot to strike when your opponent is attacking your face or
trying to choke you. Repetitive knee kicks or uppercuts to the Superior
Hypogastric Plexus damage your opponent's stamina and cause numbness
in the lower abdomen and legs.
PFa.v ►C PLF:xus

The Pelvic Plexus is located right above the pubic bone. Many other
plexus are located in this region including the Rectal Plexus, the Vesical
Plexus, and the Prostatic Plexus. Pull your opponent toward you and raise
your knee with a short snapping strike to the Pelvic Plexus. The key is the
angle of the strike: pull his body slightly toward you and kick upward and
perpendicularly into the center of the body.
PATELLA PI.F:xus

The Patella Plexus is located on the knee. A kick to this region is useful for
stopping an opponent who is charging toward you. For offensive purposes,
a front kick or front pushing kick is effective. For defense, the side kick is
most effective. The key is distance: use footwork to adjust the distance
between you and your opponent and kick the target without losing your
balance.
Pt t.\u»AR\ P►.F:xus

The Pulmonary Plexus is located below the Cardiac Plexus. It is easiest to

strike the Pulmonary Plexus from the rear. An elbow strike, punch, or palm
heel strike on the back can shock the lungs and cause the stoppage
of'breath. The pain can he unbearable. A stealthy strike to the Pulmonary
Plexus can knock out an assailant instantly.
SUBTRAPEZIAL PLEXUS

The origin of the Subtrapezial Plexus begins in the Central Nervous

System and travels backwards and downwards into the trapezius muscle. It
contributes to the motor function of the upper body, so striking this region
diminishes or incapacitates the function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
and the upper portion of the trapezius muscle. The key is the striking
angle. Strike the upper inner side of the scapula at a 45 to 60 degree angle
with a knifehand or elbow strike. A hammer fist can be used at any angle.

LUMBAR PI.Exus

The Lumbar Plexus is in the lower back. This region consists of a complex
interconnecting network of nerves, joints, muscles, tendons and ligaments.
Striking anywhere in the area of the Lumbar Plexus causes pain. Forceful
techniques such as a side kick, roundhouse kick or knee kick can damage
the spine and cause temporary or permanent paralysis of the legs and arms.
SACRAI. PLEXUS

The Sacral Plexus is where the tailbone is located. If you participate in a

combat sport, you may have experienced being kicked in this region. The
pain is excruciating and the damage from a kick to this region can cause
pain that lasts for months. Effective techniques for attacking the Sacral
Plexus are the knee kick and back kick. To be successful, you should move
to a position that allows you to control the opponent's body (example:
grabbing the shoulders while executing a knee kick). A back kick can be
used in long range fighting when the opponent turns his hip to attack. The
key is to strike at the right angle at the right time. Because of the difficulty
of striking this region most injuries to the Sacral Plexus occur by accident.
 HEAD & NECK

The head is the command center of the nervous system. Information ofsight,
sound! smell, taste, and thinking is processed in the brain. It is vulnerable to
injury and sensitive to pain.
 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
HEAD & NECK

The Head

The head is the command center of the nervous system. Sensations of sight,
sound, smell, taste, and touch are processed in the brain, which is vulnerable
to injury A thumb thrust in the eye can cause blurred vision and even
blindness. A slap to the ear can cause deafness, loss of balance and loss of
consciousness.

As a tactical target, the nose is one of the most vulnerable spots on the head
due to its protrusion and lack of a hard bone structure. Blows from any
direction can damage the nose: the septal cartilage can be Fractured by a
downward strike, severe bleeding can be caused by a straight strike, and pain
on the base of the nose can be used to manipulate an opponent by pressing
upward. Injury to the nose hinders breathing and often vision and damage to
the nose, it' broken, can be permanent.

When the head is struck by a powerful blow, the brain shills in the skull,
which causes loss of consciousness or disorientation. The resulting brain
damage or excessive hemorrhaging can easily result in death. Repeated
blows to the head complicate the conditions of brain injury and the danger
can become fatal ifyou are exhausted and hit defenselessly on major vital
points. Strikes on the temple, the back of the skull, or the side of the jaw are
among the most dangerous.

The Neck

The neck is the bridge between the head and the trunk and
limbs, channeling blood and oxygen to the brain via arteries
and transmitting sensory impulses through nerves.
Attacking the neck is like cutting off a bridge between two
 strategic locations. Choking the carotid artery or the
windpipe stops the flow of blood and air to the brain. In six
seconds, you can choke out an opponent. Striking the
windpipe with a knifehand or a punch causes sensory
overload to the brain, severe pain in the neck or death.

Caution

When facing an unexpected assailant, it is difficult to

selectively strike specific targets. Initially your instinct may
take over your thought process: run away or fight back,
then utilize whatever means are available to cover, strike,
pull, push, etc. Any action you take to save your life in a
lifethreatening situation can be justifiable. However,
striking the head and neck can cause unintended permanent
damage to an opponent, assailant or suspect. Therefore, you
should make every effort to use the proper amount of force
and justifiable techniques in response to the type and
seriousness of the threat.
 VITAL POINTS ON THE HEAD

ANTERIOR HEAD
Spirit Court (GV24)

Location: On the midsagittal line of the head. Nerve: The branch ofthe
frontal nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the frontal artery and vein.

Techniques: Palm strike, hammer fist strike.

Effects: Headache, pain on the forehead, knockout by shock to the brain.

Seal Hall (EX-HN3)

Location: Between the supraorbital notches.

Nerve: The medial branch of the frontal nerve.

Blood Vessels: The frontal artery and vein.

Techniques: Palm strike, elbow strike.

Effects: Headache, blurred vision, knockout by shock to the brain.

White Bone-Orifice (GV25)

Location: On the tip of the nose.

Nerve: Anterior ethmoidal nerve.

Blood Vessels: The tacial artery and veins.

Techniques: Punch, palm strike, elbow strike.

Effects: Damage to the septal cartilage and the angular artery, bleeding,
knockout by shock to the brain.

Philtrum (GV26)

Location: One-third of the way down between the nose and the upper lip.

Nerve: The anterior alveolar nerve.

Blood Vessel: The superior labial artery.

Techniques: Punch, elbow strike.

Effects: Dizziness, damage to the teeth, bleeding.

Sauce Receptacle (CV24)

Location: On the tip of the chin.

Nerve: The branch of the facial nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the inferior labial artery and vein.

Techniques: Punch, palm strike, elbow strike.

Effects: Dizziness, knockout by shock to the brain.

Figure 6.1 Facial nerves and partial trigeminal nerves.

Bamboo Gathering (BLO2)

Location: On the medial end of the eyebrow.

Nerve: The supratrochlear nerve.

Blood Vessels: The frontal artery and vein.

Techniques: Palm strike, punch, elbow strike.

Effects: Headache, blurred vision, knockout by shock to the brain.

Four Whites (STO2)

Location: At the center of the infraorbital foramen.

Nerve: The infraorbital nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of facial artery and veins, the intraorbital artery
and vein.

Techniques: Punch, palm strike, elbow strike.

Effects: Facial paralysis, cheekbone fracture, dizziness, blurred vision.

Great Bone-Orifice (STO3)

Location: In the depression of the lower border of the cheekbone.

Nerves: The facial and infraorbital nerves.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the transverse facial artery and vein.

Techniques: Punch, palm strike, elbow strike.

Effects: Knockout by shock to the brain.

Figure 6.2 Trigeminal nerves.

Great Reception (STO5)

Location: Anterior to the angle of the mandible.

Nerves: The facial and the buccal nerves.

Blood Vessels: The facial artery and vein.

Techniques: Punch, hammer fist, elbow strike.

Effect: Mandible dislocation, knockout by shock to the brain.

Eyeball (AD-H 1)

Location: The orbital socket.

Nerves: The ophthalmic nerve, the trochlear nerve, the ciliary nerves, the
oculomotor nerve.

Blood Vessels: The internal carotid artery.

Techniques: Thumb thrust, knuckle punch, elbow strike.

Effects: Loss of sight, permanent blindness, unconsciousness.

 APPLICATIONS

Hammer Fist to the Spirit Court

With the bottom of your clenched fist, strike at the median point located a
half inch above the hairline. As a surprise attack, this is useful to initiate a
takedown. This strike can cause momentary disorientation, dizziness, or a
severe headache.
Elbow Strike to the Seal Hall

Strike the point between the eyebrows with a downward elbow strike. It
must be done quickly and deceptively. This strike can cause a knockout,
dizziness, severe headache, double or blurred vision.
Knee Kick to the White Bone-Orifice

Grab the opponent's head and lower it toward your rising knee. Kick in a
sharp vertical motion to the tip of the opponent's nose. You may use either
knee according to situation. This technique can cause damage to the septal
cartilage, nose bleeding, swelling, or knockout by shock to the brain.

* A knee kick to the nose is also effective when the opponent tries to
tackle you straight on. Press his head with your hands while retracting one
of your legs. As he moves in closer, kick his nose.
Knuckle Punch to the Philtrum

Nail the knuckle of the middle finger on the philtrum right above the
upper lip. You don't need to use maximum force but you do need to be
precise. This technique can cause dizziness, the loosening or loss of teeth,
bleeding, or facial paralysis.

Punch to the Sauce Receptacle

 Throw a straight or downward punch to the tip of the chin. Transfer your
body weight into the punch to deliver your power all the way to the brain.
Done right, this technique can cause an instant knockout or a broken jaw.

Elbow Strike to the Bamboo Gathering

In a close quarter fight, throw your elbow in a sharp circular motion at the
ridge of the eye. Strike quickly and deceptively at a 45 to 60 degree angle.
This technique can cause facial cuts, headache, blurred vision, or
knockout.
Thumb Press to the Eyeballs

In a close quarter fight, thrust into the eyeballs with the tips of your
thumbs. This technique can cause blurred vision, severe pain in the eyes,
loss of sight, permanent blindness or unconsciousness.

Elbow Strike to the Four Whites

 Strike the center of the cheekbone right below the eye with a straight
elbow strike or reverse elbow strike. This technique can cause facial
paralysis, cheekbone fracture, dizziness, or blurred vision.

Knifehand Strike to the Philtrum

Strike or press with your knifehand below the nose, one-third of the way
down between the nose and the upper lip. A strike can cause facial
paralysis, damage to the teeth, and severe pain in the nose. A knifehand
press can be used to move or manipulate the opponent into a more
advantageous position.
Fingertip Thrust to the Great Bone-Orifice

Strike or thrust to the depression of the lower border of the cheekbone

with your knuckles, fingertips, thumb tip or elbow. A strike can cause
facial paralysis. A pressing technique can be used to keep the opponent's
head away from you in a clinch.

Strike the Great Reception

The anterior region of the jaw is a popular target for knockouts in boxing
due to the branches of the cranial nerves and the complex impact on the
brain when this point is struck. You can strike the jaw with a punch, palm
or elbow strike, or even the knuckles and fingertips. Striking the jaw can
cause dislocation of the mandible or a knockout by shock to the brain.
 LATERAL HEAD
Forehead Fullness (GBO4)

Location: Within the hairline of the temporal region.

Nerve: The temporal branch of the auriculotemporal nerve.

Blood Vessels: The superficial temporal artery and vein.

Techniques: Palm, hammer fist, elbow strike.

Effects: Headache, blurring vision, damage to the Central Nervous System,

knockout.

Temporal Hairline (GBO7)

Location: Within the hairline anterior and superior to the auricle.

Nerve: The branch of the auriculotemporal nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the superficial temporal artery and vein.

Techniques: Punch, palm, hammer fist, elbow strike.

Effects: Concussion, blurring vision, knockout by shock to the brain.

Temple (EX-HN05)

Location: In a depression about I can posterior to the lateral end of the eye.

Nerves: The branches of the ophthalmic nerve, the temporal branches of the
facial nerve.

Blood Vessels: The frontal branches of the superficial temporal artery and
vein.
Techniques: Palm, hammer fist, backfist, elbow strike, roundhouse kick.

Effects: I leadache, blurring vision, knockout by shock to the brain.

Auditory Convergence (GBO2)

Location: Anterior to the intertragic notch at the posterior edge of the

condyloid process of the mandible.

Nerves: The great auricular nerve, the facial nerve.

Blood Vessel: The superficial temporal artery.

Techniques: Palm, back fist, hammer fist, elbow strike, thumb tip thrust,
roundhouse kick.

Effects: Severe headache, knockout by shock to the brain.

Jaw Chariot (STO6)

Location: At the lower mandible.

Nerves: The branches of the mandibular and facial nerves.

Blood Vessels: The facial artery and vein.

Techniques: Punch, palm strike, elbow strike, roundhouse kick.

Effects: Dislocation of the mandible, knockout by shock to the brain.

Leading Valley (GB08)

Location: 1.5 can within the hairline above the ear.

Nerves: The branches of the auriculotemporal nerve and the greater
occipital nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the superficial temporal artery and vein.

Techniques: Palm, hammer fist, elbow strike, roundhouse kick.

Effects: Severe headache, dizziness, knockout by shock to the brain.

Auricle (AD-H2)

Location: The outer projecting portion of the ear.

Nerves: The great auricular nerve, the facial nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the auricular artery.

Techniques: Grabbing, pulling.

Effects: Unbearable pain in the region of the ear, damage to the auricular
tissue.

Auditory Palace (Si19)

Location: On the depression between the tragus and the mandibular joint.

Nerves: The branch of the facial nerve, the auriculotemporal nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the superficial temporal artery and veins.

Techniques: Palm, backfist, elbow strike.

Effects: Deafness, severe headache.

Eardrum (AD-H3)

Location: Inside of the ear, a thin membrane called the Tympanic

membrane.
 Nerves: The facial nerve, the vestibular nerve.

Blood Vessel: The internal carotid artery.

Techniques: Palm strike.

Effects: Deafness, loss of balance.

Wind Screen (TW 17)

Location: Posterior to the earlobe in the depression between the mandible

and mastoid process.

Nerves: The great auricular nerve, the facial nerve.

Blood Vessels: The external jugular vein, the posterior auricular artery
and vein.

Techniques: Thumb, knuckle press.

Effects: Unbearable pain in the region of the ear.

 APPLICATIONS

Hammer Fist to the Forehead Fullness

The Forehead Fullness point is located inside the hairline at the temple.
Striking this point with a hammer fist, elbow strike or palm strike is a
good entry technique from the lateral direction. This technique can cause
a severe headache, blurred vision or a knockout.
Punch to the Temporal Hairline

The Temporal Hairline is located inside the hairline near the temple.
Strike it with a straight punch, hammer fist, elbow strike or palm strike. A
forceful strike can lead to a knockout or disorient your opponent.

Strike the Temple

 The temple is one of the most vulnerable areas of the human body due to
its location near the trigeminal and facial nerves. Strike the temple with
your palm, hammer fist, back fist, elbow, or roundhouse kick. A thumb tip
press or fingertip tap can cause the opponent to flinch and close his eyes,
creating a momentary distraction.

Elbow Strike to the Auditory Convergence

With your elbow or fist, strike the depression on the lower cheekbone.
This region is rich with the branches of the trigeminal nerves and a strike
can cause severe headache, loss of hearing, or a knockout.
Press the Jaw Chariot

Press the lower mandible (jaw) with your middle fingertip or thumb to
cause electric pain in the jaw and face. Striking the Jaw Chariot with a
punch or elbow strike can cause dislocation of the mandible or loss of
consciousness.
Backfist to the Leading Valley

With your backfist or palm heel, strike the Leading Valley located within
the hairline above the ear. Striking this target can cause severe headache,
dizziness, and unconsciousness.

A Leading Valley strike is a good transitional technique when you are to

the side of your opponent. When used at an unexpected time and position,
it causes disorientation.
Pinch the Auricle

The auricle is the outer projecting portion of the ear. This skin-covered
cartilage can be easily damaged by pinching, pulling, or rubbing. In self
defense, use this technique to quickly repel an opponent. Since it's easy to
escape from pinching, attack major vital points such as the eyes, neck and
groin as soon as you get an opening.

*CAUTION: Repeated damage to the cartilage causes nutrient starvation

of the tissue which forms a lumpy distorted shape called Cauliflower Ear
or Wrestler's Ear.
Strike the Auditory Palace

Located on the depression in front of the ear, the Auditory Palace is

vulnerable due to the location of several nerves. Striking this spot with an
elbow strike can cause deafness and severe headache. Press with your
fingertips or a knuckle to manipulate or control the position of your
opponent.
Palm Strike to the Eardrum

The eardrum is a thin membrane called the Tympanic Membrane located

inside of the ear. It separates the external ear from the middle ear. Its
function is to transmit sound from the air to the ossicles inside the middle
ear. Striking the eardrum can cause severe pain and permanent hearing
loss.

*CAUTION: For safety, never strike the eardrum in practice and use this
technique only in justified self-defense situations. Damage to the ear can
be permanent.

Press the Wind Screen

The Wind Screen is a painful spot that is widely used to subdue an

opponent on the ground. The Wind Screen is in the depression behind the
earlobe. Pressing this spot causes unbearable pain in the region of the ear,
which can allow you to gain compliance from an opponent or suspect.
 POSTERIOR HEAD
Jade Pillow (BL09)

Location: On the lateral side of the superior border of the external occipital
protuberance.

Nerve: The branch of the greater occipital nerve.

Blood Vessels: The occipital artery and vein.

Techniques: Hammer fist, palm, elbow strike.

Effects: Knockout by shock to the brain.

Wind Pool (GB20)

Location: On the neck, below the occipital bone, in the depression between
the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.

Nerve: The branch of the lesser occipital nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the occipital artery and vein.

Techniques: Thumb press, knifehand, elbow strike.

Effects: Sharp pain in the neck and head regions, knockout by shock to the
brain.

Celestial Pillar (BLIO)

Location: In the posterior hairline, lateral to the trapezius muscle.

Nerve: The greater occipital nerve.

Blood Vessels: The occipital artery and vein.

Techniques: Thumb press, knifehand, elbow strike.

Effects: Headache, knockout by shock to the brain.

Unyielding Space (GV18)

Location: Three inches below the top of the skull where the occipital bone
and the parietal bone meet.

Nerve: The branch of the greater occipital nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the occipital artery and vein.

Techniques: Hammer fist, knifehand, palm strike. Effects: Dizziness,

knockout by shock to the brain.

Brain Door (GV17)

Location: I can above Wind Mansion (GV 16), superior to the external
occipital protuberance.

Nerve: The branch of the greater occipital nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the occipital artery and vein.

Techniques: Hammer fist, palm strike.

Effects: Knockout by shock to the brain.

Wind Mansion (GV16)

Location: At the midpoint of the back of the neck where the base of the
skull meets the spine.

Nerve: The occipital nerve.

Blood Vessels: The occipital artery and vein.

Techniques: Knifehand, elbow, forearm strike.

Effects: Knockout, fracture of the cervical vertebrae.

Mute's Gate (GV 15)

Location: At the midpoint of the nape, .5 can below Wind Mansion (GV 16)

Nerve: The occipital nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the occipital artery and vein.

Techniques: Knifehand, elbow, forearm strike.

Effects: Knockout, fracture of the cervical vertebrae.

 APPLICATIONS

Palm Strike to the Jade Pillow

Striking the Jade Pillow can cause a shifting of the brain in the skull
leading to a concussion or brain damage. The hammer fist, palm, and
elbow strikes are effective techniques for striking the Jade Pillow.
Elbow Strike to the Wind Pool

The Wind Pool is located at the back of the neck, lateral to the Celestial
Pillar point. Striking this point results in instant shock to the brain causing
disorientation, dizziness, and unbearable pain in the neck and head.
Effective techniques are thumb tip press, knifehand or elbow strike.
Knifehand Strike to the Celestial Pillar

The Celestial Pillar is located lateral to the Wind Mansion point. Due to
its proximity to the Wind Mansion, striking this point generates a similar
effect on the brain. Effective techniques are the thumb press, knifehand or
elbow strike. This technique can cause intense headache or loss of
consciousness.
Knifehand Strike to the Unyielding Space

Strike the middle of the upper region of the posterior skull with a hammer
fist, knifehand, or palm strike. This technique can cause severe dizziness,
blackout, or unconsciousness.

Hammer Fist Strike to the Brain Door

 Striking the Brain Door on the rear of the skull can cause unbearable
headache, dizziness or knockout. Hammer fist strike and palm strike are
effective techniques for attacking this point.

Elbow Strike to the Wind Mansion

The Wind Mansion is located on the midpoint of the nape of the neck in
the depression above the hairline where the base of the skull meets the
spine. This spot is one of the most vulnerable points on the human body.
An elbow strike to this point can cause an immediate loss of
consciousness. A forceful blow can cause an instant knockout or a fracture
of the cervical vertebrae. A knifehand, elbow or forearm strike is
recommended.
* CAUTION: This is a deadly spot and you should be extremely cautious
when practicing this technique. For safety, never practice striking this
point on another person. Use it only in a justified case of self-delense.
 TOP OF THE HEAD

Behind the Vertex (GV 19)

Location: 1.5 can posterior to Hundred Convergences (GV20).

Nerve: The branch of the greater occipital nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the occipital arteries and veins.

Techniques: Hammer fist, palm strike.

Effects: Knockout by shock to the brain.

Hundred Convergences (GV20)

Location: The midpoint of the line connecting the two apexes of the ears.

Nerve: The branch of the greater occipital nerve.

Blood Vessels: The superficial temporal arteries and veins, the occipital
artery and vein.

Techniques: Hammer fist, palm strike.

Effects: Knockout by shock to the brain.

Declining Meridian (BLOB)

Location: 1.5 can posterior to Temporal Hairline Curve (BL07), lateral to the
midline.

Nerve: The branch of the greater occipital nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the occipital arteries and veins.

Techniques: Hammer fist, palm strike.

Effects: Intense headache, disorientation.

Before the Vertex (GV21)

Location: 1.5 can anterior to Hundred Convergences (GV20).

Nerves: The branch of the frontal nerve, the greater occipital nerve.

Blood Vessels: The superficial temporal arteries and veins.

Techniques: Hammer fist, palm strike.

Effects: Disorientation, loss of consciousness.

Upper Star (GV23)

Location: I can within the anterior hairline.

Nerve: The branch of the frontal nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the frontal artery and vein, the branches of
the superficial temporal artery and vein.

Techniques: Hammer fist, palm strike.

Effects: Dizziness, disorientation.

 APPLICATIONS

Hammer Fist to Behind the Vertex

It is easier to strike this point from the rear. A powerful hammer fist on this
spot can cause a concussion or severe headache. Repeated florcetul blows
on this region can result in a knockout or brain damage. Effective
techniques are hammer fist and palm strike.
Striking the Hundred Convergences

The Hundred Convergences point is at the top of the skull, at the midpoint
of the line connecting the apexes of the ears. For a shorter person, it is
impossible to strike this point from a standing position. In groundfighting,
you can strike this point with a palm heel, hammer fist, or knee kick. This
technique can cause a knockout, severe headache, brain damage, or cause
the opponent to bite his tongue, resulting in pain and bleeding.
Hammer Fist to the Declining Meridian

The Declining Meridian is located next to the Hundred Convergences

point. The effects of striking this point are less severe than the Hundred
Convergences point, however, striking with sufficient force can result in a
concussion, dizziness, or loss of consciousness. Effective techniques are
hammer fist and palm strike.
Palm Strike to the Before the Vertex

Before the Vertex is located before the Hundred Convergences point. This
spot is tactically advantageous for intimidating the opponent. Effective
techniques for striking this point are hammer fist and palm strike.
Headbutt to the Upper Star

The Upper Star point is located within the anterior hairline. Striking this
region can numb the facial muscles and cause disorientation. You should
have a good amount of experience in headbutting for this technique to be
safe and effective. Safer and still effective techniques are hammer fist and
palm strike.
 VITAL POINTS ON THE NECK

ANTERIOR NECK
Protuberance Assistance (LII8)

Location: Adjacent to the Adam's Apple (AD-N 1), on the common carotid
artery.

Nerves: The branches of the cervical nerve, the vagus nerve, the cutaneous
cervical nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the jugular vein, carotid artery, thyroid
artery.

Techniques: Knifehand strike, thumb push, punch, hammer fist, elbow strike,
choking.

Effects: Pain in the upper neck, damage to the circulatory system, damage to
the thyroid cartilage, unconsciousness, death.

Energy Abode (STII)

Location: At the upper inner corner of the clavicle, between the sternal head
and the clavicle head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

Nerves: The branches of the supraclavicular nerve and the ansa hypoglossi.

Blood Vessels: The jugular vein, the common carotid artery.

Techniques: Fingertip, knuckle thrust.

Effects: Unbearable pain in the lower neck, damage to the circulatory

system, loss of consciousness.
Ridge Spring (CV23)

Location: Approximately I can above the Adam's Apple (AD-N I), in the
depression above the hyoid bone.

Nerves: The branches of the cutaneous cervical nerve and the

glossopharyngeal nerve, the hypoglossal nerve.

Blood Vessel: The anterior jugular vein.

Techniques: Arc hand strike, palm push or strike, knifehand strike, forearm
push.

Effects: Pain in the upper neck, constriction of the airway, damage to the
thyroid cartilage.

Adam's Apple (AD-Nt)

Location: On the thyroid cartilage.

Nerves: The branches of the laryngeal nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the anterior jugular vein and thyroid artery.

Techniques: Arc hand, knifehand, forearm strike, elbow strike, choking.

Effects: Damage to the thyroid cartilage, immobility of the neck, difficulty

swallowing and breathing.

Celestial Chimney (CV22)

Location: In the center of the suprasternal fossa, also called the vertebrate
trachea or windpipe.

Nerves: The medial supraclavicular nerve and the branches of the laryngeal
nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the jugular vein, the thyroid artery, aortic
arch.

Techniques: Fingertip, knuckle thrust, hammer fist.

Effects: Damage to the circulatory system and the trachea, death.

 APPLICATIONS

Strike the Protuberance Assistance

The Protuberance Assistance is on the sternocledo- mastoid muscle. This

region is rich with networks of nerves and blood vessels such as the cervical
nerves, Brachial Plexus and carotid artery and jugular vein. A fingertip press,
knifehand strike, or hammer fist can contract the vessels and halt the blood
passage. Choking this area can lead to unconsciousness or death.
Fingertip Press to the Energy Abode

The Energy Abode, also known as the suprasternal notch, is on the

Brachial Plexus. A fingertip thrust into the point can cause electrifying
pain in the arm and paralyze the body under the shoulder. Hammer fist
strikes or downward elbow strikes can dislocate the clavicle from the
sternum, which can cause hemorrhaging, unconsciousness, and death.
Knuckle Thrust to the Ridge Spring

The Ridge Spring is located approximately one inch above the Adam's
Apple. There are multiple branches of nerves in this region, which makes
the spot pain sensitive. Striking or thrusting the Ridge Spring causes pain
in the upper neck, damage to the thyroid cartilage, or a knockout.

Elbow Strike to the Adam's Apple

 The Adam's Apple is on the thyroid cartilage. Striking or pressing this spot
causes pain, damage to the cartilage, immobility of the neck, difficulty
swallowing and breathing, loss of consciousness or possibly death.
Effective techniques are arc hand, knifehand, forearm strike, elbow strike,
and choking. Never practice striking this point on a training partner
because even a less than full power strike can cause permanent damage.

Press the Celestial Chimney

The Celestial Chimney is located on the windpipe, one of the most

vulnerable parts of human body, covered only with tubular cartilage and a
layer of skin. Pressing the region with a thumb tip or middle fingertip can
damage the cartilage causing unbearable pain and stoppage of air and
blood circulation. This technique is useful for subduing a larger aggressive
assailant.
TRUNK
 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
TRUNK

If the head is the command center of the body, the

trunk is the hub of supply and disposal. The heart
pumps blood out through the blood vessels, retrieves,
and purifies the blood. The lungs take oxygen from the
air into the bloodstream, and expel carbon dioxide
from the bloodstream. The kidneys maintain the
homeostatic balance of bodily fluids. The liver
produces bile for digestion, detoxifies the body, and
controls the biochemical reactions in the tissues. The
stomach produces gastric acid and digestive enzymes,
and holds food for digestion. The small intestine
digests and absorbs food. The large intestine stores and
excretes waste from the body. The vertebrae support
the structure of the body along with the muscles. The
nerves and blood vessels are highways for the supply
and cleansing of the organs and muscles.

If anything goes wrong in these essential and

interconnected parts of the anatomy, the body is in
trouble. Vital point strikes to the trunk aim at doing
just that. A strike, kick, thrust or press to the trunk can
result in damage to one or several of the organs,
resulting in anything from mild pain to death,
depending on the force, accuracy and placement of the
technique. Because the nerves in the trunk are linked
to vital organs, it is sometimes not even necessary to
deliver a direct blow to an organ to cause damage.
Striking the Solar Plexus (Turtledove Tail: CV 15) can
paralyze neighboring muscles and cause the stoppage
of breathing. A blow to the liver can shock the liver
 causing tormenting pain or a knockout. As shocks to
the trunk multiply, the pain adds up resulting in
catastrophic consequences. This is why boxers spend
several rounds punching an opponent's body. Body
blows weaken the organs, slow the body's responses,
and drain the stamina of an opponent. The goal of
attacking the opponent's trunk is to weaken him,
mentally and physically. The damage can be lasting
and complex.

The trunk is the largest and the clumsiest part of the

body and thus an easy target. In training, you should
toughen the trunk muscles, especially the abdominals,
to withstand unavoidable blows to your body. You can
also protect your trunk by using skillful slipping,
weaving, and parrying techniques and speedy
footwork.

Figure 7.1 Meridian charts for conception vessel and governing vessel.
 VITAL POINTS ON THE TRUNK

ANTERIOR TRUNK
Empty Basin (ST12)

Location: In the midpoint of the supraclavicular fossa.

Nerves: The intermediate supraclavicular nerve, the brachial plexus.

Blood Vessel: The transverse cervical artery.

Techniques: Fingertip, hammer fist, axe kick.

Effects: Pain and damage to the clavicle.

Energy Door (ST13)

Location: On the lower border of the clavicle, on the mammillary line.

Nerves: The branches of the supraclavicular nerve and the anterior thoracic
nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the thoracoacromial artery and vein.

'T'echniques: Fingertip, hammer fist, elbow strike, straight punch.

Effects: Sharp pain in the upper chest region.

Lively Center (K126)

Location: In the I st intercostal space, 2 can lateral from the anterior midline.
Nerves: The branch of the 1st intercostal nerve, the medial supraclavicular
nerve.

Blood Vessels: The I st intercostal artery and vein.

Techniques: Punch, hammer fist, elbow strike, fingertip strike or press.

Effects: Pain in the chest, loss of breath, damage to the heart.

Highest Spring (HTOI)

Location: In the center of the axilla (armpit), on the medial side of the
axillary artery.
Nerves: The ulnar nerve, the median nerve, the medial brachial cutaneous
nerve.

Blood Vessel: The axillary artery.

Techniques: Knifehand strike, thumb push, punch, hammer fist, elbow strike,
choking.

Effects: Pain in the shoulder and arm.

Breast Center (ST17)

Location: In the center of'-the. nipple.,

Nerves: The branches of the intercostal nerve.

Blood Vessels: The lateral mammary branches of posterior intercostal

arteries.

Techniques: Palm, elbow strike, roundhouse kick.

Effects: Pain in the chest.

Cycle Gate (LV14)

Location: 2 ribs below the nipple in the 6th intercostal space.

Nerve: The 6th intercostal nerve.

Blood Vessels: The 6th intercostal artery and vein.

Techniques: Punch, hammer fist, elbow strike, knee kick, roundhouse kick.

Effects: Pain in the ribs, damage to the liver can cause a knockout.

Sun and Moon (GB24)

Location: Below the nipple between the 7th and 8th ribs.
Nerve: The 7th intercostal nerve.

Blood Vessels: The 7th intercostal artery and vein.

Techniques: Hook punch, uppercut, elbow strike, knee kick, roundhouse

kick.

Effects: Pain in the ribs, damage to the liver can cause a knockout.

Not Contained (ST19)

Location: 6 can above the umbilicus, 2 can lateral to Great Tower Gate (CV
14).

Nerve: The branch of the 7th intercostal nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the 7th intercostal and superior epigastric
arteries and veins.

Techniques: Punch, hammer fist, elbow strike, knee kick, roundhouse kick.

Effects: Pain in the ribs and diaphragm, damage to the liver can cause a
knockout.

Gallbladder (AD-T2)

Location: 2 can below the Solar Plexus, 3 can lateral to Upper Venter (CV
13).

Nerve: The branch of the 8th intercostal nerve.

Blood Vessels: The 8th intercostal artery and vein.

Techniques: Elbow strike, hook punch, uppercut, knee kick, roundhouse

kick.

Effects: Knockout.
Abdominal Lament (SP16)

Location: 3 can above Great Horizontal (SP15).

Nerve: The 8th intercostal nerve.

Blood Vessels: The 8th intercostal artery and vein.

Techniques: Hammer fist, knifehand, elbow strike, hook punch, knee kick,
roundhouse kick.

Effects: Pain in the trunk, unconsciousness.

Camphorwood Gate (LV 13)

Location: Below the free end of the 1 I th floating rib.

Nerve: The 10th intercostal nerve.

Blood Vessel: The branch of the 10th intercostal artery.

Techniques: Hammer fist, knifehand, elbow strike, hook punch, knee kick,
roundhouse kick.

Effects: Severe pain in the trunk can cause loss of consciousness.

Outer Mound (ST26)

Location: I can below, 2 can lateral to the umbilicus.

Nerve: The branch of the 10th intercostal nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the 10th intercostal and inferior epigastric
arteries and veins.

Techniques: Hammer fist, knee kick, front kick, roundhouse kick.

Effects: Pain in the trunk, knockout.

Linking Path (GB28)

Location: Anterior and inferior to the anterior superior iliac spine.

Nerve: The ilioinguinal nerve.

Blood Vessels: The superficial iliac artery and vein.

Techniques: Thumb press, knuckle strike.

Effects: Sharp pain in the upper iliac spine region, paralysis of the leg.

Waterway (ST28)

Location: 3 can below the umbilicus, 2 can lateral to Passage of Origin

(CV04).

Nerve: The branch of the subcostal nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the subcostal artery and vein.

Techniques: Knee kick, hammer fist strike, front kick.

Effects: Excruciating pain in the lower abdomen.

Surging Gate (SP12)

Location: In the upper inguinal groove, on the level of the upper border of
the pubic symphysis.
Nerve: The traversal of the femoral nerve.

Blood Vessel: The tcmoral artery.

Techniques: Front pushing kick, stomping kick on the ground, elbow strike,
knuckle punch.

Effects: Pain in the legs, possible temporary paralysis of the pelvic region.

Pubic Bone (Kit 1

Location: 5 run below the umbilicus, on the superior border of the pubic
symphysis.

Nerve: The branch ofthe iliohypogastric nerve.

Blood Vessels: The interior epigastric artery, the external pudendal artery.

Techniques: Knee kick, side kick, front kick.

Effects: Fxcruciating pain in the pelvic region.

Cloud Gate (LUO2)

Location: In the depression below the acromial extremity ol'the clavicle.

Nerves: The intermediate and lateral supraclavicular nerve, the branches of

the anterior thoracic nerve, the lateral cord of the Brachial Plexus.

Blood Vessels: The cephalic vein, the thoracoacromial artery and vein, the
axillary artery.

Techniques: Punch, hammer fist, palm heel strike, forearm strike, elbow
strike.

Effects: Pain in the chest, dislocation of'the shoulder.

Florid Canopy (CV2O)

Location: On the midline of the sternum, level with the 1st intercostal space.

Nerve: The branch of the 1st intercostal nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the internal mammary arteries and veins.

Techniques: Punch, hammer fist, elbow strike.

Effects: Pain in the chest, damage to the heart.

Canopy (ST15)
Location: In the 2nd intercostal space, on the mammillaryline.

Nerve: The branch of the anterior thoracic nerve.

Blood Vessels: The thoracoacromial artery and vein.

Techniques: Punch, hammer fist, elbow strike.

Effects: Shock to the lung, stoppage of breath, chest pain.

Supreme Glory (SP2O)

Location: In the 2nd intercostal space, 6 can lateral to the median line.

Nerves: The branches of the anterior thoracic nerve, the lateral cutaneous
branch of the 2nd intercostal nerve.

Blood Vessels: The lateral thoracic artery and vein, the 2nd intercostal artery
and vein.

Techniques: Punch, hammer fist, elbow strike.

Effects: Pain in the chest, damage to the heart.

Jade Hall (CV18)

Location: On the midline of the sternum, level with the 3rd intercostal space.

Nerve: The branch of the 3rd intercostal nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the internal mammary arteries and veins.

Techniques: Straight punch, hammer fist, elbow strike, front kick, headbutt.

Effects: Pain in the Solar Plexus, damage to the heart, stoppage of breath,
unconsciousness.

Chest Center (CV17)

Location: Between the nipples, level with the 4th intercostal space.

Nerve: The branch of the 4th intercostal nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the internal mammary arteries and veins.

Techniques: Straight punch, elbow strike, front kick.

Effects: Damage to the sternum and heart, stoppage of breath,

unconsciousness.

Center Palace (CV 16)

Location: On the xiphoid process, level with the 5th intercostal space.

Nerve: The branch of the 6th intercostal nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the internal mammary arteries and veins.

Techniques: Punch, hammer fist, elbow strike, fingertip thrust, knuckle

punch, front kick, back kick.

Effects: Pain in the Solar Plexus region, damage to the xiphoid process,
instant death.

Turtledove Tail (CV15)

Location: On the Solar Plexus, 7 can above the center of the umbilicus.

Nerve: The branch of the 7th intercostal nerve.

Blood Vessels: The superior epigastric artery and vein.

Techniques: Straight punch, uppercut, hammer fist, elbow strike, knee kick,
front kick, back kick.

Effects: Pain in the Solar Plexus, stoppage of organ function, stoppage of

breath, unconsciousness.
Central Venter (CV12)

Location: 4 can above the umbilicus.

Nerve: The branch of the 7th intercostal nerve.

Blood Vessels: The superior epigastric artery and vein.

Techniques: Uppercut, hook, knee kick, front kick, side kick, back kick.

Effects: Pain in the abdominal region, stoppage of breath.

Spirit Gate Tower (CVOs)

Location: In the center of the umbilicus.

Nerve: The branch of the l 0th intercostal nerve.

Blood Vessels: The inferior epigastric artery and vein.

Techniques: Uppercut, hook, knee kick, front kick, side kick, back kick.

Effects: Sharp pain in the organs in the abdominal region.

Great Horizontal (SP15)

Location: 4 can lateral to the umbilicus, on the mammillary line.

Nerve: The 10th intercostal nerve.

Blood Vessels: The 10th intercostal artery and vein.

Techniques: Knee kick, roundhouse kick.

Effects: Damage to the intestines.

Passage of Origin (CVO4) (Danjun, Dantien)

Location: 3 can below the umbilicus.

 Nerve: The branch of the subcostal nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches epigastric arteries and veins.

Techniques: Uppercut, hook punch, hammer fist, knee kick, front kick,
side kick, back kick.

Effects: Sharp, sustained pain in the lower abdomen.

Return & Arrive (ST29)

Location: 4 can below the umbilicus, 2 can lateral to Central Pole (CV03).

Nerve: The iliohypogastric nerve.

Blood Vessels: The inferior epigastric artery and vein.

Techniques: Front pushing kick, side kick, back kick.

Effects: Sharp pain in the pelvic region, loss of balance, knockout.

Curved Bone (CVO2)

Location: On the midline of the abdomen just above the pubic symphysis.

Nerve: The branch of the iliohypogastric nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the inferior epigastric artery and the
obturator artery.

Techniques: Front kick, hammer fist, downward punch, elbow strike.

Effects: Pain in the pubic region, possible paralysis.

Groin (AD-T1)

Location: Under the pubic symphysis in the genital region.

Nerves: The branches of the perineal nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of perineal artery and vein.

Techniques: Knee kick, front kick, stomp kick, back kick, palm strike,
back fist.

Effects: Damage to the groin, severe pain, loss of consciousness.

 APPLICATIONS

Fingertip Thrust to the Empty Basin

The Empty Basin is located at the lateral end of the clavicle under which
the Brachial Plexus passes. With the tip of the middle finger, press the
point deeply and quickly to intensify the pain. Alternatively, striking this
spot with a snapping downward elbow strike can cause dislocation of the
shoulder.

Hammer Fist to the Energy Door

 Striking this spot causes a startling pain that can stop the opponent's
breathing momentarily. Pressing the spot causes deep pain in the chest.
Lock your arm and use your body weight to add more force when
pressing.

Strike the Lively Center

The Lively Center is located on top of the lung. An elbow strike or

downward punch to this region can stop the function of the lung causing
difficulty in breathing. Bend your elbow tightly and snap the edge of the
elbow into the target. A forceful strike can damage the heart due to a
sudden increase in the internal pressure of the chest cavity.
Kick the Highest Spring

The armpit is a hidden spot that has shock value in fighting. When your
opponent punches or grabs you, deflect his arm and kick quickly to the
armpit. The pain is excruciating. This is a good spot to attack to slow the
opponent's punching speed and impair his grappling ability.
Punch the Breast Center

The Breast Center is the nipple. We don't normally attack this region, thus
it can be a surprise. Punch quickly and precisely at the nipple. A well
aimed punch will result in a shooting stinging pain spreading throughout
the opponent's chest, which can delay his reaction time. This is a tactically
advantageous spot to attack.

Knuckle Punch to the Cycle Gate

Behind the Cycle Gate is the liver. The impact ofa well aimed knuckle
punch can penetrate deeply into the liver. It can stop or impair the
function of the internal organs, causing a knockout. While punching, keep
your elbow bent and load your body weight into the target to deliver extra
power.
Elbow Strike to the Sun and Moon

This is one of the most popular regions for knocking out an opponent. An
elbow strike to the right side of the body can cause unbearable pain in the
liver and stoppage of breath. Pivot your body inward while striking to
deliver more focused power to the Solar Plexus. Aim your force into the
spinal cord.
Side Kick the Not Contained

The Not Contained spot is the location of the liver and the gallbladder
which are covered by the diaphragm. This spot is connected to the Solar
Plexus, therefore a forceful kick can damage all of these organs and
generate severe pain in the region, causing a knockout. Bend your knee
and snap your kick quickly at the target when the opponent inhales. A
well timed side kick can cause an instant stoppage of breath and fracture
the ribs.

Knee Kick to the Gallbladder

The Gallbladder is located under the liver between the 8th and 9th vertebrae
on the right side of the body. Striking this spot can rupture the gallbladder
and injure the liver. Kicking or punching upward toward the spine from the
9th vertebra can shock the liver causing the opponent to lose his fighting
energy and will.
Elbow Strike the Abdominal Lament

The Abdominal Lament is at the bottom of the floating ribs. Step in

stealthily and snap a tightly bent elbow into the target. This technique can
damage the large intestine and the liver, causing piercing pain in the upper
abdomen.

Knee Kick to the Camphorwood Gate

A knee kick to this target causes severe pain in the kidney, making this a
good technique to use against a clinching opponent. The impact of a knee
kick can penetrate deep into the Celiac Plexus. To increase the chance of a
knockout, combine the knee kick with an inward elbow strike to the chin or
an uppercut to the Solar Plexus.

Roundhouse Ball Kick to the Outer Mound

The Outer Mound is on the surface of the ureter. Below it is the appendix. A
kick to this spot causes an excruciating pain that can make the opponent
kneel down suddenly and involuntarily. This vital point is good for stopping
an opponent who rushes in recklessly.
Snap Kick to the Linking Path

The Linking Path bridges between the leg and the trunk. This is a pain
sensitive spot due to the nerves from the Lumbar Plexus that run down to
the leg. Parry the opponent's attack while moving slightly outward, and
throw a snappy roundhouse kick. Kicking, jabbing, or poking this region
gives you a tactical advantage by reducing the mobility of the opponent's
legs.

Push Kick to the Waterway

This spot is a good target for knocking down an incoming opponent. Since
this spot is located approximately 2 inches lateral to the center of the body
(Danjeon or Danticn), kicking the Waterway makes the opponent's body
rotate and drop to the ground, instantly taking away his equilibrium.

Snapping Punch to the Surging Gate

The Surging Gate is located in the upper inguinal groove, on the level of the
upper border of the pubic syniphysis. Block the opponent's attack then
throw a quick penetrating punch at the target. Punching the Surging Gate
causes acute pain on the temoral nerve. Kicking this spot can paralyze the
pelvic region.

Kick the Pubic Bone

The Pubic Bone is on the superior border of the pubic symphysis. Most
martial artists, at one point or another, have been kicked in this region. The
intense pain lasts for several minutes. The pain is often unbearable and can
stop the function of the organs in the pelvic region. A knee kick to this point
is effective in close combat. Pull the opponent toward you and drive your
knee into the target while keeping your standing knee slightly bent for
balance.
Elbow Strike the Cloud Gate
 The Cloud Gate is in the depression below the end of the clavicle.
Striking this spot produces severe pain in the chest and can cause
dislocation of the shoulder. When the opponent attempts to grab you from
behind, turn and lift your elbow in front of his face then drop it onto the
target immediately. You may throw multiple strikes on the same spot or in
combination to the face.

Elbow Strike the Florid Canopy

The Florid Canopy is in the midline of the sternum which is a long, flat
fragile bone connected to the collarbone and ribs. Behind the sternum is
the heart and Cardiac Plexus. A forceful downward elbow strike to this
region can fracture the bone and damage the heart.
Hammer Fist to the Canopy

The Canopy is between the nipple and the clavicle. Beneath it is the lung.
When the opponent attempts to grab you from behind, side step and strike
the Canopy with a hammer fist. Hammering this spot can shock the lung
causing a loss of breath and stabbing pain.

Hammer Fist to the Supreme Glory

The Supreme Glory is located lateral to the Canopy. Striking this point
causes a tearing pain in the chest and can cause damage to the heart. It
also impairs the opponent's use of his hand and arm.
Elbow Strike to the Jade Hall

The Jade Hall is on the midline of the sternum. Behind it is the Cardiac
Plexus. When the opponent attempts to lift you, pull his neck toward you
and slam the Jade Hall point with an elbow strike. This strike can damage
the heart, cause loss of breath or a knockout. At the very least, you'll make
him change his mind about lifting you up.

Elbow Strike to the Chest Center

 The Chest Center is between the nipples on the sternum. Beneath it is the
Cardiac Plexus. When your opponent lifts his arms, stab the tip of your
elbow into the Chest ('enter. This penetrating strike will cause damage to
the sternum, loss of breath and possibly a knockout.

Punch to the Center Palace

The Center Palace is on the xiphoid process, which is the smallest of the
three divisions of the sternum and serves as a fragile protective device for
the heart. As soon as your opponent raises his hands to grab you, punch
the ('enter Palace. This strike can easily damage the xiphoid process and
can cause a stoppage of breathing, and even instant death.
Punch to the Turtledove Tail

This spot is the Solar Plexus, which is rich with vital nerves and blood
vessels. You do not need to hit hard but time your strike to impact when
your opponent inhales. Striking this spot produces intense pain and can
cause a stoppage of functioning in nearby organs, loss of breath, and loss
of consciousness. Because of the network of nerves in this area, even an
imprecise strike can cause pain and debilitation.

Knee Kick to the Central Venter

The Central Venter is above the umbilicus. When the opponent attempts to
reach for you, lean slightly to the side and throw your tightly bent knee at
the target. A kick to this point can cause a loss of breath.
Punch the Spirit Gate Tower

This point is the center of the umbilicus. Punching the Spirit Gate Tower is
a good defensive tactic in close combat. Against a knee kick, block and
punch deeply into the target. This can cause sharp pain in the organs in the
abdominal region. (below)
Elbow Strike to the Great Horizontal

The Great Elorizontal is a pain-sensitive area on the Lumbar Plexus. Duck

your opponent's lunge or strike and throw a short elbow strike. Attacking
the Great Horizontal can damage the intestines. (above)

Knuckle Punch to the Passage of Origin

The Passage of the Origin is also called the Danjeon or Dantien. Strike it as
you would thrust a needle into a balloon to pop it. Punching here causes
sharp sustained pain in the lower abdomen, and reduces the opponent's
stamina. (right)
Kick the Return & Arrive
 The Return & Arrive is located below the umbilicus. As the opponent
moves in, move to the side slightly, bend your knee and snap your foot at
the target. Impact to this spot disturbs the balance of the opponent's inner
energy. It causes acute pain in the pelvic crest region and can knock out
the opponent.

Hammer Fist to the Curved Bone

The Curved Bone is on the midline of the abdomen just above the pubic
symphysis. As you deflect the opponent's attack, snap your hammer list
on a lateral angle. To follow up, you can immediately take the opponent
down to his rear. The pain from this strike is excruciating and can cause
paralysis.
Hammer Fist to the Groin

The groin is under the pubic symphysis in the genital region. When the
opponent grabs you from behind, move your hip to the side and slam the
target with your rear hammer fist. This strike causes instant pain and can
damage the groin permanently. (It is illegal to hit the groin in most
tournament lighting.) In practice, you should use extreme caution for
safety and wear protective gear. In a self-defense situation, you can also
apply pinching, pressing or thrusting techniques to the soft tissue of the
groin to distract or manipulate the position of your opponent.
 POSTERIOR TRUNK
Great Hammer (GV14)

Location: Between the 7th cervical vertebra and 1st thoracic vertebra.

Nerves: The branches of the l st thoracic nerve and 8th cervical nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branch of transverse cervical artery.

Techniques: Hammer fist, palm strike, elbow strike.

Effects: Knockout.

Body Pillar (GV12)

Location: Below the 3rd thoracic vertebra.

Nerve: The branch of the 3rd thoracic nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branch of the 3rd intercostal artery.

Techniques: Hammer fist, palm strike, elbow strike.

Effects: Knockout by shock to the brain and heart.

Spirit Path (GVII)

Location: Below the 5th thoracic vertebra.

Nerve: The branch of the 5th thoracic nerve.

Blood Vessel: The branch of the 5th intercostal artery.

Techniques: Hammer fist, punch, elbow strike.

Effects: Shock to the heart.

Spirit Tower (GV IO)

Location: Below the 6th thoracic vertebra, on the opposite side of the Solar
Plexus.

Nerve: The branch of the 6th thoracic nerve.

Blood Vessel: The branch of the 6th intercostal artery.

Techniques: Hammer fist, punch, elbow strike.

Effects: Shock to the heart, stoppage of breath.

Extremity of Yang (GVO9)

Location: Below the 7th thoracic vertebra.

Nerve: The branch of the 7th thoracic nerve.

Blood Vessel: The branch of the 7th intercostal artery.

Techniques: Hammer fist, punch, elbow strike.

Effects: Shock to the heart, stoppage of breath.

Suspended Pivot (GVO5)

Location: Below the 1st lumbar vertebra.

Nerves: The branches of the lumbar nerve.

Blood Vessel: The branch of the lumbar artery.

Techniques: Hammer fist, punch, elbow strike.

Effects: Shock to viscera (preaortic nodes) anterior to the lumbar vertebrae.

Life Gate (GVO4)

Location: Below the 2nd lumbar vertebra.

Nerves: The branches of the lumbar nerve.

Blood Vessel: The branch of the lumbar artery.

Techniques: Knee kick, side kick, elbow strike.

Effects: Shock to viscera (preaortic nodes) anterior to the lumbar vertebrae,

fracture of lumbar vertebrae.

Lumbar Yang Joint (GVO)

Location: Below the 4th lumbar vertebra.

Nerves: The branches of the lumbar nerve.

Blood Vessel: The branch of the lumbar artery.

Techniques: Knee kick, side kick, elbow strike.

Effects: Fracture of the lower back, paralysis of the lower body, knockout by
shock to the spinal cord.

Lumbar Transport (GVO2)

Location: In the hiatus of the sacrum.

Nerve: The branch of the coccygeal nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the median sacral artery and vein.

Techniques: Knee kick, front kick, back kick.

Effects: Paralysis of the entire body, fracture of the tailbone, knockout by

shock to the spinal cord.

Lasting Strong (GVOI)

Location: Midway between the tip of the coccyx and the anus.

Nerves: The branches of the coccygeal nerve, the hemorrhoid nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the inferior hemorrhoid artery and vein.

Techniques: Knee kick, front kick.

Effects: Paralysis of the entire body, knockout by shock to the spinal cord.
Shoulder Well (GB21)

Location: Midway between Great I Jammer (GV l 4) and the acromion of the
shoulder.

Nerves: The branch of the supraclavicular nerve, the accessory nerve.

Blood Vessels: The transverse cervical artery and vein.

Techniques: Knifchand strike, hammer fist, thumb press, fingertip press,

elbow strike.

Effects: Paralysis of the shoulder and arm, shock to the Brachial Plexus.

Central Shoulder Transport (S115)

Location: 2 can lateral to the lower edge of the 7th cervical vertebra.

Nerves: The branches of the I st and 2nd thoracic nerves, the accessory
nerve.

Blood Vessels: The transverse cervical artery and vein.

Techniques: Knifehand, hammer fist, elbow strike.

Effects: Severe pain on the upper shoulder.

Crooked Wall (S113)

Location: On the medial extremity of the suprascapula fossa.

Nerves: The lateral branch of the 2nd thoracic nerve, the accessory nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the transverse cervical artery and vein.

Techniques: Knifehand strike, hammer fist, elbow strike.

Effects: Severe pain on the upper back, paralysis of the shoulder and arm.
Celestial Gathering (sill)

Location: On the scapula in a depression in the center of the infrascapula

fossa at the junction of the upper and middle third between the lower border
of the scapula spine and the inferior angle of the scapula.

Nerve: The suprascapula nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the circumflex scapula artery and vein.

Techniques: Hammer fist, elbow strike, palm heel strike.

Effects: Paralysis of the shoulder and arm, damage to the scapula.

Spirit Door (BL42)

Location: 3 can lateral to the lower border of the 3rd thoracic vertebra.

Nerves: The branches of the 2nd and 3rd thoracic nerves.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the intercostal artery and vein, the branch of
the transverse cervical artery.

Techniques: Hammer fist, elbow strike, palm heel strike.

Effects: Paralysis of the shoulder and arm, damage to the scapula and the
lung, stoppage of breath.

Spirit Hall (BL44)

Location: 3 can lateral to the lower border of the 5th thoracic vertebra.

Nerves: The branches of the 4th and 5th thoracic nerves.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the intercostal artery and vein, the branch of
the transverse cervical artery.

Techniques: Hammer fist, back fist, elbow strike, thumb press.

Effects: Acute pain in the back.

Stomach Transport (BL21)

Location: 1.5 can lateral to the lower border of the 12th thoracic vertebra.

Nerve: The branch of the 12th thoracic nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the subcostal artery and vein.

Techniques: Hammer fist, uppercut, elbow strike, thumb press, knee kick,
roundhouse kick, side kick.

Effects: Pain in the kidney region, loss of consciousness due to pain in the
stomach and kidney.

Kidney Transport (BL23)

Location: 1.5 can lateral to the lower border of the 2nd lumbar vertebra.

Nerve: The branch of the l st lumbar nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the 2nd lumbar artery and vein.

Techniques: Hammer fist, uppercut, elbow strike, thumb press, knee kick,
roundhouse kick, side kick.

Effects: Pain throughout the trunk, loss of consciousness due to pain in the
kidney, loss of stamina.
Capital Gate (GB25)

Location: On the lower edge of the free end of the 12th rib.

Nerve: The 11th intercostal nerve.

 Blood Vessels: The 11 th intercostal artery and vein.

Techniques: Hammer fist, uppercut, elbow strike, thumb press, knee kick,
roundhouse kick.

Effects: Paralysis of the entire body.

Will Chamber (BL52)

Location: 3 can lateral to the lower border of the 2nd lumbar vertebra.

Nerves: The branches of the 12th thoracic nerve and 1st lumbar nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the 2nd lumbar artery and vein.

Techniques: I Jammer fist, uppercut, elbow strike, thumb press, knee kick,
side kick.

Effects: Pain throughout the trunk.

Small Intestine Transport (BL27)

Location: At the level of the 1st posterior sacral foramen

Nerve: The branch of the I st sacral nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the lateral sacral artery and vein.

Techniques: Thumb press, hammer fist, elbow strike, knee kick,

roundhouse kick.

Effects: Sharp pain in the hip and leg, numbness in the leg
 APPLICATIONS

Elbow Strike to the Great Hammer

The Great Hammer is on the shoulder above the Brachial Plexus. This is
one of the most vulnerable spots on the back. When the opponent refuses
to cooperate during a restraint or immobilization technique, drop your
elbow downward on the shoulder. This strike can instantly drop the
opponent to the ground and possibly result in a knockout.
Palm Heel Strike to the Body Pillar

The Body Pillar is located on the upper back. With the bony edge of the
palm heel, strike the target with snapping force. This strike can cause
punishing pain in the heart, stoppage of breath, and loss of consciousness.

Elbow Strike to the Spirit Path

 The Spirit Path is located at the center of the posterior heart. When the
opponent attempts to tackle you, lower your center of gravity and drop an
elbow strike on the target. This strike can cause punishing pain in the
heart, stoppage of breath, and loss of consciousness.

Elbow Strike to the Spirit Tower

The Spirit Tower is located opposite the Solar Plexus on the back of the
body. When you have successfully positioned yourself behind an
opponent, grab one of his shoulders for control and leverage, and strike the
Spirit Tower with a downward elbow. Twist your body into the target to
add more power. This technique can cause an instant stoppage of breath.
Knuckle Punch to the Extremity of Yang

The Extremity of Yang is located behind the ('eliac Plexus. With your
knuckles, strike forcefully into the target. For beginners, a conventional
punch is a safer technique. Hitting this spot can cause unbearable pain in
the back and stoppage of breath.
Elbow Strike to the Suspended Pivot

The Suspended Pivot region is loaded with nerves and ganglia. When your
opponent attempts to escape from your control, strike this point with a
downward elbow strike. Striking the Suspended Pivot can damage the
lumbar vertebrae.

Punch to the Life Gate

The Life Gate region is rich with nerves, ganglia and major blood vessels.
When you have an opportunity to attack from the rear, lower your body
and punch slightly upward into the target. You may combine this attack
with a knee kick and takedown to gain control over the opponent. Striking
this spot can cause shock to the lower back.
Punch to the Lumbar Yang Joint

The Lumbar Yang Joint is just below the belt line on the back, a region that
is also the site of the abdominal aorta and small intestine. Keep your elbow
bent and snap the punch into the target using your body weight to increase
the force of your punch. This causes sudden shock to the inner organs and
lower back pain.

Palm Heel Strike to the Lumbar Transport

 The Lumbar Transport is located on the tailbone, where the branch of the
coccygeal nerve passes. With your elbow bent, snap a palm heel at the
target using your body weight to increase the force of the strike. A knee
kick to this spot can cause paralysis of the entire body, fracture of the
tailbone, and a knockout by shock to the spinal cord.

Knee Kick to the Lasting Strong

The Lasting Strong is hidden midway between the tip of the coccyx and
the anus. When you are faced with a tough opponent, kicking this spot can
cause paralysis of the whole body. This technique is dangerous and you
should refrain from using it except in justified self-defense situations.
Hammer Fists to the Shoulder Well

The Shoulder Well is located between the median line and the acromion on
the shoulder on top of the Brachial Plexus. Snap your hammer fists quickly
into the target like hammering nails. Striking this spot can cause paralysis
of the shoulders and arms and potentially loss of consciousness.
Elbow Strike to the Central Shoulder Transport

The Central Shoulder Transport is located below the shoulder, on the

Brachial Plexus. While controlling the opponent from the rear, striking this
target with your elbow is a good way to initiate a takedown. Pounding this
spot can cause paralysis of the shoulder and arm.

Knifehand Strike to the Crooked Wall

The Crooked Wall is located below the spine of the scapula. This spot is
pain sensitive due to the location of the accessory nerve and the trapezius
muscle. For effectiveness, strike quickly at an angle with your knifehand.
This technique can cause severe pain on the upper back and paralysis of
the shoulder and arm.
Elbow Strike to the Celestial Gathering

The Celestial Gathering is located on the scapula in a depression in the

middle of the scapula. Raise your arm and snap your elbow quickly down
into the Celestial Gathering. Striking this spot can cause paralysis of the
shoulder and arm, and damage to the scapula.
Elbow Strike to the Spirit Door

The Spirit Door is located at the inner edge of the scapula. Branches of the
Cardiac Plexus spread into the region. Raise your elbow and drop it deeply
into the target. This technique can shock the heart and cause a stoppage of
breath, paralysis of the shoulder and arm, and damage to the scapula and
the lung.

Elbow Strike to the Spirit Hall

The Spirit Hall is locate( at the inner bottom of the scapula. This region is
the location of the branches of the Cardiac Plexus, the heart and lungs.
When your opponent tries to tackle you, hold his body for balance, raise
your other arm and nail your elbow into the target. Striking this spot can
cause acute pain in the muscles on the back, stoppage of breath and
sustained pain along the border of the scapula.
Knee Kick to the Stomach Transport

The Stomach Transport is located next to the upper edge of the kidney,
where the lumbar vertebra joins with the thoracic vertebra. When you've
pinned the opponent on the ground and want to finish the fight, raise your
leg and drop your knee on the target. This technique can cause pain in the
kidney region and unconsciousness due to intense pain in the stomach and
kidney.
Elbow Strike to the Kidney Transport

The Kidney Transport is located in the kidney region. Once you have
established standing control over your opponent, raise your arm quickly
and snap it into the target with a forceful twist to drop your opponent to
the ground. This strike can cause acute pain in the kidney region,
potentially leading to unconsciousness.
Punch the Capital Gate

The Capital Gate is on the lower edge of the free end of the 12th rib. Also
in this region are the kidneys on both sides of the body, the liver on the
right side of the body, and branches of the Celiac Plexus. When your
opponent attempts to tackle you, apply a guillotine choke, then strike the
Capital Gate repetitively. Striking this spot can cause stoppage of breath,
paralysis, and intense pain in the area of the kidney and liver.
Elbow Strike to the Will Chamber

The Will Chamber is located at the lower center of the kidney next to the
Kidney Transport. When you escape from your opponent's choke and
move to his back, repeatedly strike the Will Chamber with quick elbow
strikes. Striking this spot can cause excruciating pain in the kidney region
and loss of consciousness due to damage to the kidney.
Elbow Strike to the Small Intestine Transport

The Small Intestine Transport is next to the sacral foramen. When your
opponent attempts to escape from your armbar, sharply drive your elbow
into this spot. This technique causes acute pain in the lower back and the
leg, making it easier for you to take the opponent down to the ground.

Figure 7.2 Meridian charts for the body.

ARM c~ HAND
 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
ARM & HAND

When you control the opponent's hand, you can

manipulate his arm. With the opponent's arm under
your control, you can dominate over his body. When
his body is under your control, you can access his neck
and head, which is essential to victory. Thus the hand
and arm are a valuable entrance to the center of the
opponent's body. A skillful martial artist can
manipulate the opponent by applying pressure to a
single finger.

In grappling, pressing or striking points on the wrist,

hand or forearm can make an opponent involuntarily
release his grip on you, allowing you to escape from a
grab, choke or lock. When your opponent has you in a
hold or grab, meeting force with force is a draining
strategy and one that is nearly impossible to win with
if you are the smaller fighter. But by strategically
pressing or striking pain sensitive points on the
opponent's gripping hand or arm, you can induce a
surprise reaction in the opponent, giving you a brief
opening to free yourself and follow up with a more
powerful technique.

Attacking the arms and hands is also a way to disable

an opponent's fastest and most dexterous weapons. By
striking the Lesser Sea (11103 ), you can cause
numbness in the arm, making it temporarily impossible
for the opponent to use his arm to attack or control
you. By striking the Lower Biceps (AD-UE I), you can
slow the opponent's punching speed and disrupt his
striking strategy.
 VITAL POINTS ON THE ARM

ANTERIOR ARM
Celestial Storehouse (LUO3)

Location: On the radial side of the upper biceps.

Nerve: The lateral brachial cutaneous nerve.

Blood Vessels: The cephalic vein, branches of the brachial artery and vein.

Techniques: Knitchand strike, hammer fist strike, thumb press.

Effects: Fxcruciating pain on the biceps, paralysis of the arm.

Guarding White (LUO4)

Location: On the medial aspect of the upper arm, I can below the Celestial
Storehouse (LU03).

Nerve: The lateral brachial cutaneous nerve.

Blood Vessels: The cephalic vein, branches of the

brachial artery and vein.

Techniques: Knifchand strike, hammer fist strike, thumb press.

Effects: Unbearable pain on the biceps, acute muscle spasm, paralysis of the
arm.

Lower Biceps (AD-U E 1)

Location: On the lower biceps muscle.

Nerve: The lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve.

Blood Vessel: The branch of the brachial artery.

Techniques: Knitchand strike, hammer fist strike, thumb press.

Effects: Extreme pain on the biceps, muscle swelling and injury, paralysis of
the arm.

Cubit Marsh (DUOS)

Location: On the radial side of the tendon of the biceps, when the elbow is
slightly flexed.

Nerves: The lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve, the radial nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the radial recurrent artery and vein, the
cephalic vein.

Techniques: Thumb press, knifehand strike.

Effects: Excruciating pain in the arm.

Marsh at the Bend (PCO3)

Location: On the transverse cubital crease, at the ulnar side of the biceps
tendon.

Nerve: The median nerve.

Blood Vessels: The brachial artery and vein.

Techniques: Thumb press.

Effects: Tormenting pain in the arm.

Collection Orifice (LUO6)

Location: On the palmar aspect of the forearm.

Nerves: The lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve, the radial nerve.

Blood Vessels: The radial artery and vein, the cephalic vein.

Techniques: Thumb press, knifehand strike, forearm strike.

Effects: Tormenting pain in the arm.

Two Whites (EX-UE2)

Location: Two points on the anterior forearm, 4 can from the crease of the
wrist.

Nerve: The radial nerve.

Blood Vessel: The radial artery.

Techniques: Thumb press, knifehand strike, hammer fist, forearm strike.

Effects: Excruciating pain in the arm, paralysis of the forearm.

Inner Passage (PCO6)

Location: 2 can above the transverse crease of the wrist, between the
palmaris longus and flexor carpi radialis.

Nerves: The branches of the antebrachial cutaneous nerves, the median

nerve.

Blood Vessels: The median artery and vein.

Techniques: Thumb press.

Effects: Pain in the arm.

Broken Sequence (LUO7)

Location: Superior to the styloid process of the radius.

Nerves: The lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve, the radial nerve.

Blood Vessel: Branches of the radial artery and vein, the cephalic vein.

Techniques: Knifehand strike, thumb press.

Effects: Sharp pain in the arm.

Supreme Abyss (L U09)

Location: At the transverse crease of the wrist.

Nerves: The lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve, the radial nerve.

Blood Vessel: The radial artery and vein.

humb press. Techniques: Thumb-press.-

Effects: Acute pain in the hand.

Celestial Spring (PCO2)

Location: 2 can below the end of the anterior axillary fold, between the
heads of the biceps muscle.

Nerves: The medial brachial cutaneous nerve, the musculocutaneous nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the brachial artery and vein.

Techniques: Thumb press.

Effects: Excruciating pain in the arm.

Blue Spirit (HT02)

Location: 3 can above the medial end of the transverse cubital crease, when
the elbow is flexed.

Nerves: The medial brachial cutaneous nerve, the medial antebrachial

cutaneous nerve, the ulnar nerve.

Blood Vessels: The basilic vein, the superior ulnar collateral artery.

Techniques: Thumb press, pinching.

Effects: Tormenting pain in the arm.

Lesser Sea (HT03)

Location: At the medial end of the transverse cubital crease.

Nerve: The medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve.

Blood Vessels: The basilic vein, the inferior ulnar collateral artery, the ulnar
recurrent artery and vein.
Techniques: Thumb press, knifehand strike.

Effects: Agonizing pain in the arm.

Inner Upper Forearm (AD-UE2)

Location: 2 can below the ulna head, between the palmaris longus and flexor
carpi radialis.

Nerve: The median nerve.

Blood Vessel: The branch of the ulnar artery. Blood

Techniques: Thumb press, knifehand strike, hammer fist strike.

Effects: Sharp pain and numbness in the arm.

Cleft Gate (PCO4)

Location: 5 can above the crease of the wrist.

Nerve: The median nerve.

Blood Vessels:-The- median artery and vein.

Techniques: Thumb press.

Effects: Acute pain and numbness in the arm.

Intermediary Courier (PCO5)

Location: 3 can above the transverse crease of the wrist.

Nerves: The medial and lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerves.

Blood Vessels: The median artery and vein.

Techniques: Thumb press, hammer fist strike.

Effects: Intense pain in the arm, numbness in the forearm.

Spirit Pathway (HTO4)

Location: On the radial side of the wrist, 1.5 can above the transverse crease
of the wrist.

Nerve: The medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve.

Blood Vessel: The ulnar artery.

Techniques: Thumb press, knifehand strike.

Effects: Severe pain in the arm.

Yin Cleft (HTO6)

Location: On the radial side of the wrist, 0.5 can above the crease of the
wrist.

Nerve: The medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve.

Blood Vessel: The ulnar artery.

Techniques: Thumb press.

Effects: Acute pain in the wrist and arm.

Great Mound (PCO7)

Location: In the depression in the middle of the transverse crease of the

wrist.

Nerve: The median nerve.

Blood Vessels: The palmar branches of the radial and ulnar arteries.

Techniques: Thumb press.

Effects: Severe pain in the arm, numbness of the wrist.

 APPLICATIONS

Knifehand to the Celestial Storehouse

The Celestial Storehouse is on the upper biceps. When your opponent

grabs your wrist, lift your wrist abruptly pulling his body toward you,
then strike the Celestial Storehouse with your knifehand or hammer fist.
When his arm is paralyzed by a muscle spasm from this strike, strike his
face with a palm heel.
Knuckle Punch to the Guarding White

The Guarding White is I can below the Celestial Storehouse. Strike the
spot with a horizontal knuckle punch, punch, knifehand strike, or hammer
fist. Hit quickly and keep moving so that your opponent cannot strike
your face.
Knifehand to the Lower Biceps

The Lower Biceps is at the lower lateral area of the biceps. Striking or
pressing this point causes electrifying pain along the entire arm. When
you press it with your thumb, the deeper you insert the tip of the thumb,
the more excruciating the pain will be.

Fingertip Thrust to the Cubit Marsh

The Cubit Marsh is on the radial side of the tendon of the biceps, on the
inside of the elbow joint. Thrusting into the Cubit Marsh with the tips of
the fingers or knifehand, causes an electrifying sensation along the arm.
Knifehand to the Marsh at the Bend

The Marsh at the Bend is in the transverse cubital crease, on the ulnar side
of the biceps muscle tendon. This is one of the most pain sensitive spots
on the arm. Striking this point with a knifehand or hammer fist should
cause a muscle spasm or paralysis of the arm.
Knifehand to the Collection Orifice

The Collection Orifice is on the palm side of the forearm. This is a good
spot to strike to escape from a wrist grab. Pivot your body abruptly
toward your opponent's center and strike the point with a knifehand,
hammer fist, or elbow strike forcefully.

Knifehand to the Two Whites

The Two Whites is located above the crease of the wrist. Striking or
pressing this point causes a startling sensation of pain in the arm. As soon
as your opponent exposes his inner forearm, don't miss the opportunity
and strike with a quick snapping movement. Follow up with strikes to the
face or a choke.
Thumb Press on the Inner Passage

The Inner Passage is located in the middle of the inner wrist. This is a
great spot to press with the thumb tip due to the location of the median
nerve, artery and vein beneath the point. Press the Inner Passage quickly
and forcefully to shock the opponent. This technique works well when the
opponent's inner forearm is facing upward such as when he is grabbing
your clothing or belt to pull you toward him.
Knuckle Punch to the Broken Sequence

The Broken Sequence is on the styloid process of the radius. This is a

good spot to strike or press to break your opponent's grip. If your
opponent grabs your belt or wrist, hold his wrist with your other hand and
strike downward with a knifehand or knuckle punch. Pressing the Broken
Sequence with your middle knuckle is effective too. Pressing this spot
causes acute pain that is enough to make an opponent release his grip.

Thumb Press on the Supreme Abyss

The Supreme Abyss is at the transverse crease of the wrist. When you
press this point with your thumb or fingertip, it causes excruciating pain,
making this a good spot for controlling an opponent during a restraint
technique. This technique also adds more power to wrist lock techniques.
Thumb Press on the Celestial Spring

The Celestial Spring is located below the armpit on the inner arm. There
are branches of the brachial nerve and the branches of the brachial artery
and vein running through this area. Pressing this spot with your thumb
causes excruciating pain in the arm. Keep moving circularly or backward
while controlling the opponent to prevent him from hitting you.
Pinching the Blue Spirit

The Blue Spirit is located above the elbow. This point is rich with nerves
and pinching the Blue Spirit causes tormenting pain in the arm. You may
combine pinching with a thumb press into the spot to magnify the effect.
Thumb Press on the Lesser Sea

The Lesser Sea is located at the inner elbow, on the medial end of the
transverse cubital crease. When you strike this spot with a punch or
knifehand, it causes an electrifying sensation along the arni. Pressing the
point causes unbearable pain in the arm. Combining a thumb press with a
wrist lock is an effective way to subdue the opponent in a standing
confrontation.

Thumb Press on the Inner Upper Forearm

The Inner Upper Arm is located below the ulnar head, between the
muscles of the forearm. When you press this spot, it causes a sharp pain in
the forearm. When you strike it with a hammer fist, shocking pain makes
the forearm numb.
Knifehand to the Cleft Gate

The Cleft Gate is in the middle of the inner forearm. This is a good spot to
press with your thumb due to the passage of the median nerve and the
median artery and vein beneath it. A knifehand strike to the Cleft Gate
point can cause numbness of the arm and fingers.

Thumb Press on the Intermediary Courier

 The Intermediary Courier is above the crease of the wrist, on the inner
arm. Press it with your thumb while holding the opponent's wrist, causing
intense pain in the arm that can numb the fingers.

Knifehand Strike to the Spirit Pathway

The Spirit Pathway is on the radial side of the wrist, above the crease of
the wrist. Pressing or striking this spot affects the ulnar nerve causing
numbness of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th fingers.
Thumb Press on the Yin Cleft

The Yin Cleft is just above the crease of the wrist. Pressing this spot with
the thumb tip suppresses the function of the hand. This technique is useful
to break your opponent's grip.

Thumb Press on the Great Mound

The Great Mound is located on the depression in the middle of the

transverse crease of the wrist. Pressing this spot does not cause as much
pain as other points, however, when you press it long enough, it affects
the function of the arm causing diminished power. It is most effective
when used with other combination techniques such as a biceps strike or
the Lesser Sea press.

Figure 9.1 Meridian charts for the arm and hand.

 POSTERIOR ARM
Upper Arm (L114)

Location: On the upper radial side of the humerus.

Nerves: The branches of the brachial cutaneous nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the humeral artery and vein.

Techniques: Hammer fist strike, elbow strike, roundhouse kick.

Effects: Acute pain in the arm, numbness of the shoulder.

Arm Five Li (L113)

Location: 3 can above the Pool at the Bend (LI I1).

Nerves: The branches of the brachial cutaneous nerve.

Blood Vessels: The radial collateral artery and vein.

Techniques: Hammer fist strike, elbow strike, roundhouse kick, thumb press.

Effects: Extreme pain in the arm, paralysis of the arm.

Elbow Bone-Orifice (L112)

Location: I can above the Pool at the Bend (LI I I).

Nerves: The branches of the brachial cutaneous nerve.

Blood Vessels: The radial collateral artery and vein.

Techniques: Hammer fist strike, knifehand strike, roundhouse kick, thumb

press.
Effects: Sharp pain in the arm, paralysis of the arm.

Pool at the Bend (Lill)

Location: In the depression at the lateral end of the transverse cubital crease.

Nerves: The posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve, the radial nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the radial recurrent artery and vein.

Techniques: Knifehand strike, thumb press.

Effects: Acute pain in the arm.

Arm Three Li (Lilo)

Location: 2 can below Pool at the Bend (Lill).

Nerves: The posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve, the radial nerve.

Blood Vessels: The radial artery, the cephalic vein.

Techniques: Knifehand strike, thumb press.

Effects: Excruciating pain in the arm.

Veering Passageway (L106)

Location: 3 can above Yang Ravine (LI05).

Nerves: The branches of the radial nerve.

Blood Vessel: The cephalic vein.

Techniques: Knifehand strike, hammer fist strike.

Effects: Acute pain in the arm.

Yang Ravine (L105)

Location: On the radial side of the wrist.

Nerve: The radial nerve.

Blood Vessels: The radial artery and its branches, the cephalic vein.

Techniques: Thumb press, knifehand strike.

Effects: Excruciating pain in the arm.

Shoulder Bone-Orifice (Tw14)

Location: At the tip of the shoulder.

Nerve: The branch of the axillary nerve.

Blood Vessel: The branch of the humeral artery.

Techniques: Hammer fist, knifehand strike.

Effects: Excruciating pain in the arm and shoulder.

Dispersing Riverbed (Tw12)

Location: On the lower end of the bulge of the lateral head of the triceps.

Nerve: The branch of the radial nerve.

Blood Vessels: The median collateral artery and vein.

Techniques: Hammer fist, knifehand strike, elbow strike, roundhouse kick.

Effects: Shooting pain in the arm, numbness of the upper arm.

Clear Cold Abyss (TWI1)

Location: I can above Celestial Well (TW 10).

Nerve: The branch of the radial nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the median collateral artery and vein.

Techniques: Hammer fist, knifehand strike, elbow strike, roundhouse kick,

pinching.

Effects: Stabbing pain in the arm, paralysis of the upper arm.

Celestial Well (TWIG)

Location: In the depression I can superior to the olecranon with the elbow
flexed.

Nerve: The branch of the radial nerve.

Blood Vessels: The arterial and venous network of the elbow.

Techniques: Knifehand strike, thumb press.

Effects: Tormenting pain in the arm.

Small Sea (S108)

Location: Between the olecranon and the medial epicondyle of the humerus.

Nerve: The branch of the ulnar nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the ulnar artery and vein.

Techniques: Knifehand strike, thumb press.

Effects: Unbearable pain in the arm.

Four Rivers (TWO9)

Location: 5 can below the olecranon, between the radius and the ulna.

Nerves: The antebrachial cutaneous nerves.

Blood Vessel: The branch of the brachial artery.

Techniques: Thumb press.

Effects: Acute pain in the arm.

Outer Pass (TWOS)

Location: 2 can above Yang Pond (TW04), between the ulna and radius.

Nerve: The posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve.

Blood Vessels: The interosseous arteries and veins.

Techniques: Thumb press, arc hand press.

Effects: Acute pain on the wrist.

Yang Pond (TWO4)

Location: At the junction of the ulna and carpal bones.

Nerve: The branch of the ulnar nerve.

Blood Vessel: The posterior carpal artery.

Techniques: Thumb press, knuckle strike, knifehand.

Effects: Sharp pain in the wrist.

 APPLICATIONS

Strike the Upper Arm

The Upper Arm is located on the upper radial side of the humerus. Striking
this area can not only cause pain in the shoulder and arm but also dislocate
the shoulder. First grab the opponent's arm to expose the spot for an easy
strike, then quickly snap downward with an elbow, forearm or hammer
fist.
Press the Arm Five Li

The Arm Five Li is located on the lower part of the triceps. Once you grab
the wrist of the opponent, immediately press this spot with the tip of your
thumb. This technique generates extreme pain in the region and can
paralyze the arm. Other effective techniques for striking the Arm Five Li
are the hammer fist, elbow, and roundhouse kick.
Press the Elbow Bone-Orifice

The Elbow Bone-Orifice is located right above the elbow. Pressing this
point causes excruciating pain. Striking the spot can dislocate the elbow
joint. Effective techniques for attacking the Elbow BoneOrifice are
hammer fist strike, knifehand strike and thumb press.

Thumb Press on the Pool at the Bend

The Pool at the Bend is located in the depression at the outside of the
elbow. Pressing this spot causes instant sharp pain that goes all the way
down to the hand. Striking the Pool at the Bend can cause muscle spasms
that incapacitate the forearm and hand.
Press the Arm Three Li

The Arm Three Li is located in the large muscles on the upper forearm.
Due to the many layers of muscles in this region, it is easy to find the point
making it practical in application. Even though you may miss the exact
spot, pressing in the vicinity of the Arm Three Li can cause severe pain. A
knifehand or hammer fist strike can cause a muscle spasm and numbness
in the entire forearm.
Strike the Veering Passageway

The Veering Passageway is a good target to strike when the opponent

attacks with a knife. Using a knifehand or hammer fist, strike the spot and
your opponent will instantly drop his weapon because he will involuntarily
open his hand. Acute pain from striking the Veering Passageway can numb
the forearm momentarily.

Knuckle Strike to the Yang Ravine

The Yang Ravine is in the radial side of the wrist, where the radial nerve
branches off to the thumb and index finger. This is a useful spot for
controlling the wrist by pressing it with the proximal phalange of the
thumb. Striking this point causes excruciating pain in the hand. Effective
techniques are knuckle press, knuckle strike, and knifehand strike
Elbow Strike to the Shoulder Bone-Orifice

The Shoulder Bone-Orifice is located at the tip of the shoulder. When you
have control of the opponent's arm, pull it toward you and strike this spot
with a hammer fist, forearm, or elbow strike. The pain in the shoulder is
unbearable. A forceful strike may dislocate the shoulder.

Strike the Dispersing Riverbed

 The Dispersing Riverbed is located on the upper triceps. Striking this point
causes a shooting pain in the arm and can cause paralysis of the upper arm.
Repetitive strikes on the Dispersing Riverbed can incapacitate the arm.
Effective techniques are hammer fist, knifehand strike, elbow strike, and
roundhouse kick.

Palm Strike to the Clear Cold Abyss

The Clear Cold Abyss is located above the elbow. Striking this spot causes
a shocking pain when the nerves and blood vessels are compressed
between the humerus and the striking weapon. The opponent will likely
drop and shake or grab his arm so be prepared to follow up with a
combination technique while he is distracted. Effective techniques are
hammer fist, knifehand strike, elbow strike, palm strike, roundhouse kick,
and pinching.
Knifehand Strike to the Celestial Well

The Celestial Well is in the depression above the elbow. Striking this point
causes an electrifying shock in the upper arm. Effective techniques are
knifehand strike, palm strike, forearm strike, and thumb press.
Forearm Press on the Small Sea

The Small Sea is located at the medial elbow. Striking or pressing this spot
causes an electrifying sensation throughout the arm. This technique is good
for an arm bar. As soon as you grab his wrist, twist it and press the Small
Sea with your knifehand or forearm.

Press the Four Rivers

The Four Rivers is located in the middle of the posterior forearm. Under
layers of the extensor carpi ulnaris muscle and the extensor digitorum
muscle, lie the branches of the ulnar nerve and artery. Pressing this spot
causes acute pain in the arm that is powerful enough to cause the opponent
to release his grip on you immediately.
Thumb Press at the Outer Pass

The Outer Pass is located above the crease of the wrist, between the ulna
and radius bones. This is a good place to strike or press when the assailant
grabs your wrist or handbag. Strike the spot just like hammering a nail.
Etiective techniques are thumb press, arc hand press, hammer fist, and
forearm strike.

Control the Yang Pond

The Yang Pond is located in the middle of the wrist at the junction of the
ulna and carpal bones. This point is easy to grab and press with the thumb
tip or the middle knuckle. When you grab the wrist, press quickly down
toward your foot. This technique generates a sharp pain that penetrates into
the wrist and is good for breaking your opponent's grip without using
excessive force.
 VITAL POINTS ON THE HAND

ANTERIOR HAND
Fish Border (LUIO)

Location: In the middle of the thenar muscle.

Nerves: The branches of the lateral antebrachial cutaneous, radial and

median nerves.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the palmar digital proprial artery and veins.

Techniques: Thumb press.

Effects: Acute pain on the hand.

Thumb Joint (AD-UE3)

Location: On the thumb.

Nerves: The branches of the radial nerve.

Blood Vessel: The branch of the radial artery.

Techniques: Hyper-extension, squeezing.

Effects: Tormenting pain on the hand, damage to the thumb joint.

Work Palace (PCO8)

Location: Between the 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones, on the radial side of
the 3rd metacarpal bone.
Nerve: The branch of the median nerve.

Blood Vessels: The brachial artery and vein.

Techniques: Thumb press.

Effects: Numbing pain in the palm and arm.

Lesser Mansion (HTO8)

Location: On the palmar point between the 4th and 5th metacarpal bones.

Nerve: The branch of the median nerve.

Blood Vessel: The common palmar digital artery.

Techniques: Thumb press.

Effects: Numbness in the palm.

Finger Joints (AD-UE4)

Location: On the fingers.

Nerves: The branches of the ulnar and radial nerves.

Blood Vessels: The dorsal digital arteries.

Techniques: Hyper-extension.

Effects: Unbearable pain in the finger and arm.

 APPLICATIONS

Thumb Press on the Fish Border

The Fish Border is in the middle of the muscle just above the thumb.
When the opponent grabs your collar or sleeve, press this point with the
tip of your thumb or middle finger. Pressing deeply into the Fish Border
will cause the opponent to release his grip.
Hyper-extend the Thumb Joint

The thumb is a useful weak point in grappling. You can grab it and hyper-
extend it. You can also wrap the bent thumb with your hand and squeeze,
pressing the distal phalange as hard as you can. The resulting pain is
intense enough to make an opponent release his grip. This can also
damage the thumb joint.
Thumb Press on the Work Palace

The Work Palace is located in the middle of the palm between the 2nd and
3rd metacarpal bones. When you press the Work Palace deeply with the
tip of the thumb, an electrifying sensation spreads to the upper arm.
Prolonged pressure on this point can numb the entire arm incapacitating
the arm and making it useless for grabbing or grappling.
Thumb Press on the Lesser Mansion

The Lesser Mansion is on the palm between the 4th and 5th metacarpal
bones. Beneath this point is the branch of the ulnar nerve, so pressing on
this point generates acute pain that spreads all the way to the upper arm.
Although this technique may not always be practical in fighting, it is
useful in studying the power and function of the nerves in the arm.
Hyper-extend the Finger Joints

The fingers are useful in controlling a larger opponent. As long as you can
sustain the hyper-extended position, you can control an opponent until he
submits. Once you secure your grip on his finger, press him downward to
the ground where you can apply a more secure lock or immobilization
technique. In a standing confrontation, unbearable pain in the finger and
arm can also give you time to apply a choke or a lock. Until you have the
opponent under control, constantly adjust your position according to how
he moves to stay in the most advantageous position.
 POSTERIOR HAND
Union Valley (LI04)

Location: Between the 1st and 2nd metacarpal bones on the radial side of
the hand, in the middle of the 2nd metacarpal bone.

Nerve: The radial nerve.

Blood Vessels: The dorsal venous network of the hand.

Techniques: Thumb press, knuckle strike.

Effects: Fxcruciating pain in the arm, numbness in the hand.

Third Space (LI03)

Location: On the radial side of the index finger, in the depression near the
head of the 2nd metacarpal bone.

Nerve: The radial nerve.

Blood Vessels: The dorsal venous network of the hand, branch of the I st
dorsal metacarpal artery.

Techniques: Thumb press, squeezing.

Effects: Acute pain in the metacarpal region.

Exterior Pericardium (EX-UE8)

Location: On the dorsum of the hand, between the 2nd and 3rd metacarpal
hones.

Nerve: The common palmar digital nerve.

Blood Vessel: The common palmar digital artery.

Techniques: Thumb press.

Effects: Sharp pain on the back of the hand.

Lumbar Pain Point (EX-UE7)

Location: Two points on the dorsum of the hand between the 2nd and 3rd
and between the 4th and 5th metacarpal bones.

Nerves: The branches of the radial and ulnar nerves.

Blood Vessels: The dorsal metacarpal arteries.

Techniques: Thumb press, knuckle punch.

Effects: Agonizing pain on the back of the hand.

Dorsal Center (AD-UE5)

Location: 2 can below the transverse crease of the wrist between the 3rd
and 4th metacarpal bones.

Nerves: The superficial branch of the radial nerve and the dorsal branch of
the ulnar nerve.

Blood Vessels: The dorsal nervous network.

Techniques: Thumb press, knuckle punch.

Effects: Acute pain on the back of the hand.

 APPLICATIONS

Thumb Press on the Union Valley

The Union Valley is located between the 1st and 2nd metacarpal bones on
the radial side of the hand. Due to the branches of the radial nerve and the
dorsal venous network found here, this point is extremely pain sensitive,
and thus popular in grappling arts such as Hapkido and Aikido. You may
press the point with the thumb tip from any direction. Make sure to hold
the opponent's hand firmly with your fingers. This is a good spot to press
during a wrist lock.
Thumb Press on the Third Space

The Third Space is on the radial side of the index finger. Secure your grip
with your fingers, then press the spot with the tip of your thumb. When
pressing the Third Space, acute pain spreads to the upper arm and the
hand. Grab the opponent's forearm with the other hand to prevent his hand
from escaping your grip.
Knuckle Punch to the Exterior Pericardium

The Exterior Pericardium is located on the back of the hand, between the
2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones. When the opponent grabs your sleeve or
belt, strike or press this spot with the knuckle of the middle finger. The
excruciating pain in his hand will cause him to release his grip.
Thumb Press on the Lumbar Pain Points

The Lumbar Pain Points are located in two places: on the back of the hand
between the 2nd and 3rd and between the 4th and 5th metacarpal bones.
Striking or pressing this point with your knuckle causes agonizing pain on
the back of the hand. This is a great spot to anchor your thumb tip in wrist
manipulation techniques.
Thumb Press on the Dorsal Center

The Dorsal Center is located below the crease of the wrist between the 3rd
and 4th metacarpal bones. Beneath this point is the superficial branch of
the radial nerve and the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve. Pressing with the
thumb tip or striking with the middle finger knuckle causes acute pain on
the back of the hand and is a good way to augment a locking technique or
soften the opponent's grip.
 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
LEG & FOOT

The feet and legs are primarily used for mobility and
kicking. Your prime objectives in attacking them,
therefore, are to incapacitate the opponent's kicking
ability and to disable his mobility.

To reduce his kicking ability, at medium and close

range attack the following vital points with your knees
- Anterior side of the leg: Crouching Rabbit (ST32),
Yin Market (ST33), Sea of Blood (SP10), Winnower
Gate (SPI I): Inner lateral side: Spring at the Bend
(LV08), Yin Bladder (LV09): Posterior side: Support &
Assist (BL36), Gate of Abundance (13L37), Posterior
Lower Thigh (AD-LE2).

To incapacitate his mobility, attack the following

points with roundhouse kick, side kick, inside heel
kick or stomp kick- Anterior side: Bountiful Bulge
(ST40), Anterior Tibia (AD-LEI), Divided Ravine
(ST41), Supreme Surge (LV03 ): Inner lateral side:
Inner Calf (AD-LE6), Guest Ilouse (K109), Recover
Flow (KI07); Posterior side: Outer Calf (AD[1 3),
Supporting Sinews (BL56), Supporting Mountain
(BL57), Lower Calf (AD-LE5), Achilles Tendon (AD-
LE5).

There may also he times when the legs are the only
targets available to you. For example, the opponent has
you bent over in a side headlock. Because the
opponent is standing and you are bent over, you cannot
strike his head or trunk, but his legs are close. By
pressing with your thumb tip into the Supporting
Sinews (BL56) on his calf or sticking the knuckle of
your middle finger into the Supreme Surge (LV03) on
his foot, you can shock him into moving and create an
opening for a follow up strike or takedown.

Similarly, in groundfighting, you may not be able to

gain access to the opponent's upper body, but have
easy access to his feet or legs (example: heel lock).
Delivering a tactical strike to lower body targets is a
good way to break a stalemate on the ground or turn
the momentum of a fight in your favor.
 VITAL POINTS ON THE LEG

ANTERIOR LEG
Thigh Joint (ST31)

Location: Directly below the anterior superior iliac spine, in the depression
on the lateral side of the sartorius muscle.

Nerve: The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the lateral circumflex femoral artery and
vein.

Techniques: Side kick, elbow strike, knitehand strike.

Effects: Acute pain in the thigh, paralysis of the leg.

Winnower Gate (sF11)

Location: 6 can above Sea of Blood (SP 10).

Nerve: The anterior femoral cutaneous nerve.

Blood Vessel: the great saphenous vein.

Techniques: Side kick, front kick, elbow strike, knifehand strike.

Effects: Agonizing pain in the thigh, paralysis of the leg, loss of mobility.

Crouching Rabbit (ST32)

Location: 6 can above the laterosuperior border of the patella.

Nerves: The lateral and anterior femoral cutaneous nerves.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the lateral circumflex femoral artery and
vein.

Techniques: Roundhouse kick, side kick, front kick, elbow strike, hammer
fist, knitehand strike, thumb press, punch.

Effects: Agonising pain in the thigh, paralysis of the leg, loss of mobility.

Yin Market (ST33)

Location: 3 can above the laterosuperior border of the patella.

Nerves: The lateral and anterior femoral cutaneous nerves.

Blood Vessel: The branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery.

Techniques: Roundhouse kick, side kick, front kick.

Effects: Acute pain in the lateral thigh, paralysis of the leg, loss of mobility.

Pelvic Bone (EX-L31)

Location: In the lower anterior part of the thigh.

Nerve: The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the femoral artery and vein.

Techniques: Side kick, elbow strike, knifehand strike.

Effects: Acute pain in the lateral thigh.

Sea of Blood (sPto)

Location: 2 can above the mediosuperior border of the patella, on the bulge
of the medial quadriceps muscle when the knee is flexed.

Nerves: The anterior femoral cutaneous nerve, branch of the femoral nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the femoral artery and vein.

Techniques: Roundhouse kick, side kick.

Effects: Punishing pain in the inner thigh, paralysis of the leg.

Crane's Summit (EX-LE2)

Location: In the depression above the knee.

Nerves: The branches of the saphenous nerve.

Blood Vessel: The articular branch of the genicular artery.

Techniques: Side kick, pushing kick.

Effects: Damage to the knee joint, loss of mobility.

Medial Eyes of the Knee (EX-LE4)

Location: In the depression on the inner patellar ligament.

Nerve: The infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve.

Blood Vessels: The medial genicular artery, the great saphenous vein.

Techniques: Side kick, pushing kick, elbow strike, knifehand strike.

Effects: Extreme pain in the knee, fracture or dislocation of the knee, loss of
mobility.
Calf's Nose (ST35)

Location: The depression below the patella, next to the patellar ligament
when the knee is flexed.
Nerves: The lateral sural cutaneous nerve, the branch of the common
peroneal nerve.

Blood Vessels: The arteries and veins around the knee joint.

Techniques: Side kick.

Effects: Grueling pain in the knee, fracture of the knee bone, loss of
mobility.

Leg Three Li (ST36)

Location: 3 can below Calf's Nose (ST35), one finger width from the
anterior crest of the tibia.

Nerves: The lateral sural cutaneous nerve, the cutaneous branch of the
saphenous nerve.

Blood Vessels: The anterior tibial artery and vein.

Techniques: Side kick.

Effects: Sharp pain on the shin, damage to the knee joint.

Upper Great Hollow (ST37)

Location: 6 can below Calf's Nose (ST35), one finger width from the
anterior crest of the tibia.

Nerves: The lateral sural cutaneous nerve, the cutaneous branch of the
saphenous nerve.

Blood Vessels: The anterior tibial artery and vein.

Techniques: Side kick.

Effects: Excruciating pain on the shin.

Bountiful Bulge (ST40)

Location: 8 can superior and anterior to the external malleolus.

Nerves: The superficial peroneal nerves.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the anterior tibial artery and vein.

Techniques: Side kick, front kick.

Effects: Excruciating pain on the shin.

Anterior Tibia (AD-LE1)

Location: On the surface of the tibia.

Nerve: The medial branch of the peroneal nerve.

Blood Vessel: The anterior tibial artery.

Techniques: Side kick, front kick, downward sliding stomp kick.

Effects: Excruciating pain on the shin.

 APPLICATIONS

Strike the Thigh Joint

The Thigh Joint is a point that you should strike to slow down the
mobility of the opponent. Striking this spot shocks the femoral nerve and
makes the opponent limp. Effective techniques are side kick, elbow strike,
knifehand strike and forearm strike.
Knee Kick to the Winnower Gate

The Winnower Gate is on the inner median side of the front of the thigh.
This is a great point to attack in head-on close range fighting. Bring your
knee up and snap it into the target. If the opponent bends his body
forward in pain, attack his neck. If he moves backward, throw another
knee kick to his stomach. This technique can paralyze the leg.
Elbow to the Crouching Rabbit

The Crouching Rabbit is in the outer side of the front of the thigh. This is
a great point to attack from outside with a knee kick in close range
fighting. If you are in a lower position than your opponent, attack with
your elbow, then take him down by tackling him. Other effective
techniques are roundhouse kick, side kick, front kick, elbow strike,
hammer fist, knifehand strike, thumb press, and punch.

Strike the Yin Market

The Yin Market is one of the most commonly used points in clinching.
Striking this spot causes severe pain in the thigh muscles and generates
muscle spasms in the vastus medialis muscle. Effective techniques are
roundhouse kick, side kick, front kick and elbow strike.
Kick the Pelvic Bone

The Pelvic Bone is on the lateral side of the thigh above the knee.
Attacking this point can destroy the opponent's balance. Kick at a slightly
downward angle toward the upper region of the knee. This causes sharp
pain in the knee joint and the lower thigh, and if done right, the
opponent's leg can collapse.

Hammerfist to the Sea of Blood

 The Sea of Blood is on the bulge of the medial quadriceps muscle. This
spot is quite often injured in martial arts tournament fighting and a severe
spasm from being kicked here can disable a fighter. Nail a hammer fist on
the Sea of Blood and the opponent will have punishing pain in the thigh.
This is good way to reduce his mobility and then attack the torso or groin
afterward.

Stomp Kick on the Crane's Summit

The Crane's Summit is on top of the knee. Kick the point at a 45 degree
downward angle for maximum effect. This causes pain in the knee,
damage to the ligament, and breaks the equilibrium. This kick will earn
you time for an escape or follow-up attacks.
Strike on the Medial Eyes of the Knee

The Medial Eyes of the Knee is in the depression on the inner patellar
ligament. Striking this spot causes a toothache type of pain on the
infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve. Hit at a horizontal angle with
a side kick, pushing kick, elbow strike, or knifehand strike.
Elbow Strike the Calf's Nose

The Calf's Nose is in the depression below the patella, next to the patellar
ligament when the knee is flexed. Deliver your elbow strike on an inward
angle toward the center of the knee. Alternatively a side kick is effective
if you are in a standing position. Intense pain in the knee as a result of
attacking the Calf's Nose can make the opponent's leg collapse
immediately, causing him to kneel or fall down. This technique can
damage the knee ligament and result in permanent damage to the joint.

Side Kick the Leg Three Li

The Leg Three Li is located just below the knee. This is a perfect spot to
throw a side kick to stop an incoming opponent. Bend your standing leg
to maintain balance and add more the power of your body weight to the
kick. After kicking, immediately throw straight and hook punch
combinations at the face.
Side Kick the Upper Great Hollow

The Upper Great Hollow is in the middle of the shin. Kicking this spot
causes excruciating and sustained pain in the shin. Lift your foot, kick and
slide the blade of your foot or shoe down the shin bone to increase the
effect of this kick.
Heel Kick to the Bountiful Bulge

The Bountiful Bulge is in the middle of the lateral shin. In a clinching

situation, kick this spot with your heel to distract your opponent. Kick
very quickly while holding onto the opponent for balance, then follow up
with a sweep or a headbutt to his face.
Instep Kick to the Anterior Tibia

The Anterior Tibia is on the surface of the lower shin. Hitting this point
with a hard bony weapon causes unbearable pain. Against an incoming
opponent, move slightly to the side and kick the point with your instep.
From a longer range, use the blade of your foot to strike with a side kick.
 POSTERIOR LEG
Support & Assist (BL36)

Location: In the middle of the transverse gluteal fold.

Nerve: The posterior femoral cutaneous nerve.

Blood Vessels: The artery and vein beside the sciatic nerve.

Techniques: Front kick, pushing kick, side kick, knee kick.

Effects: Sharp pain in the whole body, paralysis of the leg, loss of mobility.

Gate of Abundance (BL37)

Location: 6 can below Support & Assist (BL36).

Nerve: The posterior femoral cutaneous nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the deep femoral artery and vein.

Techniques: Front kick, side kick, knee kick.

Effects: Acute pain in the rear thigh, paralysis of the leg, loss of mobility.

Posterior Lower Thigh (AD-LE2)

Location: 6 can above Bend Center (BI-40).

Nerve: The tibial nerve.

Blood Vessels: The popliteal artery and vein.

Techniques: Front kick, side kick, knee kick, pushing kick.

Effects: Tormenting pain in the lower hamstring muscle, paralysis of the
leg, loss of mobility.

Bend Center (BL40)

Location: Midpoint of the transverse crease of the popliteal fossa.

Nerves: The posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, the tibial nerve.

Blood Vessel: The femoropopliteal vein.

Techniques: Front kick, pushing kick, side kick, thumb press, inside sweep
kick.

Effects: Sharp pain in the whole body, paralysis of the leg, loss of mobility.
Union of Yang (BL55)

Location: 2 can below Bend Center (BL40), between the medial and lateral
heads of the gastrocnemius muscle.
Nerve: The medial sural cutaenous nerve.

Blood Vessel: The small saphenous vein.

Techniques: Front kick, pushing kick, side kick, thumb press.

Effects: Shooting pain in the upper calf, paralysis of the leg, loss of
mobility.

Supporting Sinews (BL56)

Location: Midway between Union of Yang (BL55) and Supporting

Mountain (BL57), in the belly of the gastrocnemius muscle.

Nerve: The medial sural cutaenous nerve.

Blood Vessel: The small saphenous vein.

Techniques: Front kick, pushing kick, side kick, thumb press, knifehand
strike.

Effects: Sharp pain in the whole body, paralysis of the leg, loss of mobility.

Outer Calf (AD-LE3)

Location: On the outer lower part of the gastrocnemius muscle.

Nerve: The lateral sural cutaneous nerve.

Blood Vessel: The branch of the small saphenous vein.

Techniques: Roundhouse kick, side kick, thumb press, knifehand strike.

Effects: Unbearable pain in the calf, paralysis of the leg, loss of mobility.

Supporting Mountain (BLS)

Location: Directly below the belly of the gastrocnemius muscle.

Nerve: The medial sural cutaenous nerve.

Blood Vessel: The small saphenous vein.

Techniques: Front kick, side kick, roundhouse kick, thumb press.

Effects: Tearing pain on the calf, paralysis of the leg.

Taking Flight (BL58)

Location: On the posterior edge of the fibula, 7 can above Kunlun

Mountains (13L60).

Nerve: The lateral sural cutaenous nerve.

Blood Vessel: The small saphenous vein.

Techniques: Side kick, roundhouse kick, thumb press.

Effects: Acute pain on the calf, loss of mobility.

Lower Calf (AD-LE4)

Location: I can above Instep Yang (BL 59), in the median of the calf.

Nerve: The sural nerve.

Blood Vessel: The small saphenous vein.

Techniques: Side kick, roundhouse kick, knifehand strike, thumb press.

Effects: Unbearable pain on the calf.

Instep Yang (BL59)

Location: 3 can directly above Kunlun Mountains (BL60).

Nerve: The sural nerve.

Blood Vessel: The small saphenous vein.

Techniques: Side kick, roundhouse kick, knifehand strike, thumb press.

Effects: Excruciating pain in the lower leg.

Achilles Tendon (AD-LE5)

Location: In the posterior-ankle.-

Nerves: The branches of the saphenous nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the peroneal artery and vein.

Techniques: Stomp kick, sweeping kick.

Effects: Acute electrifying pain along the leg.

 APPLICATIONS

Knee Kick to the Support & Assist

The Support & Assist is in the middle of the transverse gluteal fold right
under the buttock. A knee kick from the rear to this spot can cause
electrifying pain throughout the entire body. Kick slightly upward to
shock the upper side of the sciatic nerve which branches downward from
the pelvic cavity.
Knee Kick to the Gate of Abundance

The Gate of Abundance is on the hamstring muscle in the rear of the

thigh. Beneath it are the branches of the sciatic nerve which spreads
through the thigh. A kick to this spot causes an instant muscle spasm and
can cause paralysis of the leg. In addition to the knee kick, you can use a
side kick, roundhouse kick, knifehand strike and elbow strike.
Knee Kick to the Posterior Lower Thigh

The Posterior Lower Thigh is above the knee in the rear thigh. A knee
kick to this spot causes excruciating pain in the deep layers of the muscle.
Pinching this spot causes acute pain on the skin and can be used to free
yourself from a standing opponent who is dominating you with a
headlock.

Snap Kick to the Bend Center

The Bend Center is on the midpoint of the crease behind the knee. A snap
kick to this spot can easily destroy the opponent's balance and cause him
to fall. Other effective techniques are front kick, pushing kick, side kick,
stomp kick, and thumb press according to where you stand.
Elbow Strike to the Union of Yang

The Union of Yang is located in the gastrocnemius muscle. An elbow

strike to this spot causes shooting pain in the upper calf and a muscle
spasm. This is a good technique to distract an opponent who is trying to
force you to the ground.
Thumb Press to the Supporting Sinews

The Supporting Sinews point is in the belly of the gastrocnemius muscle.

Pressing this point causes unbearable pain and may force an opponent to
release his grip on you. If the opponent is wearing tall boots or thick
pants, a side kick or rear stomp kick is more effective. Other potential
techniques are front kick, pushing kick, and knifehand strike.
Heel Kick to the Outer Calf

The Outer Calf is located on the outer lower part of the gastrocnemius
muscle. When your opponent punches at your face, turn your body to slip
the punches and throw a low heel kick to this spot. This technique is very
powerful and effective in destroying the opponent's mobility and will to
fight.
Thumb press on the Supporting Mountain

The Supporting Mountain is directly below the belly of the gastrocnemius

muscle on the calf. Pressing this spot when you're caught in a side
headlock can force your opponent to loosen his grip. In a clinching
situation, strike this spot with an instep or heel kick to cripple the
opponent's mobility, by causing intense pain and muscle spasm.

Heel Kick to the Taking Flight

The Taking Flight is on the outer lower part of the gastrocnemius muscle.
This point is useful for taking down an opponent who is trying to lift you
or tackle you from the front. Hold on to him for balance, and forcefully
kick the spot with your instep or heel.
Strike the Lower Calf

Striking the Lower Calf with a knuckle punch can buckle the opponent's
leg. In grappling, this point is good for pressing when applying a heel
lock, however when applied full force it can tear the muscles or tendons
in the region.
Fingertip Press to the Instep Yang

The Instep Yang is on the outer lower side of the calf. Pressing or striking
this spot causes sharp pain in the lower leg. Although the pain is
momentary, it is enough to distract your opponent so you can follow up
with a powerful technique. Kicking this spot with a sweep kick can cause
loss of mobility in the leg.

Kick the Achilles Tendon

The Achilles Tendon connects the large muscles in the calf with the bone
of the heel. Damage to the Achilles Tendon destroys the opponent's
mobility. Kick the Achilles Tendon deeply at a perpendicular angle. The
impact can penetrate into the tibial nerve and other neighboring points.
Effective techniques are stomp kick, sweeping inside kick, and heel kick.
 INTERIOR LEG
Foot Five Li (Lv i o)

Location: At the upper medial inner thigh.

Nerves: The genitortenwral nerve, the anterior femoral cutaneous nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the femoral artery and vein.

Techniques: Front kick, pushing kick, punch.

Effects: Sharp pain in the inner thigh, paralysis of the leg, loss of mobility.

Yin Bladder (wog)

Location: 4 can above the medial epicondyle of the femur.

Nerve: The branch of the obturator nerve.

Blood Vessels: The femoral artery and vein.

Techniques: Roundhouse kick, side kick.

Effects: Punishing pain in the inner thigh, paralysis of the leg, loss of
mobility.

Spring at the Bend (Lvos)

Location: Posterior to the medial condyle of the tihia, above the medial end
ofthe transverse popliteal crease.

Nerve: The saphenous nerve.

Blood Vessel: The great saphenous vein.

Techniques: Side kick, roundhouse kick.

Effects: Staggering pain in the region when kicked, loss of' mobility.

Knee Joint (LVO7)

Location: Posterior and interior to the medial condyle of the tibia, in the
upper portion of the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle.

Nerves: The branch of the medial sural cutaneous nerve.

Blood Vessel: The posterior tibial artery.

Techniques: Side kick, roundhouse kick.

Effects: Damage to the knee joint.

Yin Mound Spring (sPO9)

Location: On the lower border of the medial condyle of the tibia.

Nerve: The medial crural cutaneous nerve.

Blood Vessels: The great saphenous vein, the genu suprema artery.

Techniques: Side kick, roundhouse kick.

Effects: Loss of balance.

Yin Valley (KIto)

Location: On the medial side of the popliteal fossa, between the tendons of
the semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles.

Nerve: The femoral cutaenous nerve.

Blood Vessels: The superior genicular artery and vein.

Techniques: Roundhouse kick, pinching, thumb press.

Effects: Punishing pain in the inner leg.

Earth's Crux (sPO8)

Location: 3 can below the medial condyle of the tibia.

Nerve: The medial crural cutaneous nerve.

Blood Vessels: The great saphenous vein, the branch genu suprema artery.

Techniques: Side kick, roundhouse kick, hammer fist, thumb press,

knifehand strike.

Effects: Excruciating pain in the interior shin, paralysis of the leg.

Inner Calf (AD-LE6)

Location: At the inner lower part of the gastrocnemius muscle.

Nerves: The branches of tibial nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the peroneal artery.

Techniques: Roundhouse kick, hammer fist, thumb press, knifehand strike.

Effects: Tormenting pain, paralysis of the leg.

Central Metropolis (LVO6)

Location: 7 can above the tip of the medial malleolus, near the medial
border of the tibia.

Nerve: The branch the saphenous nerve.

Blood Vessel: The great saphenous vein.

Techniques: Side kick, pushing kick.

Effects: Excruciating pain in the interior shin.

Leaking Valley (SPO7)

Location: 6 can above the tip of the medial malleolus, 3 can above Three
Yin Intersection (SP06).

Nerve: The medial crural cutaneous nerve.

Blood Vessels: The posterior tibial artery and vein, the great saphenous
vein.

Techniques: Side kick, pushing kick, thumb press.

Effects: Acute pain in the interior shin.

Guest House (K109)

Location: At the lower end of the belly of the gastrocnemius muscle.

Nerves: The medial crural and medial sural cutaenous nerves.

Blood Vessels: The posterior tibial artery and vein.

Techniques: Roundhouse kick, thumb press, forearm press, hammer fist,

knifehand strike.

Effects: Sharp pain in the interior shin.

Three Yin Intersection (SPO6)

Location: 3 can above the tip of the medial malleolus, on the posterior
border of the tibia.

Nerve: The medial crural cutaneous nerve.

Blood Vessels: The posterior tibial artery and vein, the great saphenous
vein.

Techniques: Roundhouse kick, side kick, sweeping kick.

Effects: Excruciating pain in the interior shin.

Intersection Reach (K108)

Location: 2 can above Supreme Ravine (KI03), posterior to the medial

border of the tibia.

Nerve: The medial crural cutaenous nerve.

Blood Vessels: The posterior tibial artery and vein.

Techniques: Roundhouse kick, sweeping kick, thumb press.

Effects: Extreme pain in the interior shin.

Recover Flow (K107)

Location: 2 can above Supreme Ravine (K103), on the anterior border of

the Achilles tendon.
Nerves: The medial crural and medial rural cutaenous nerves.

Blood Vessels: The posterior tibial artery and vein.

Techniques: Sweeping kick, roundhouse kick.

Effects: Excruciating pain in the calf, loss of mobility.

 APPLICATIONS

Strike the Foot Five Li

The Foot Five Li is located at the upper medial inner thigh where the
branches of the femoral nerves spread down toward leg. Striking this
region causes sharp pain in the inner thigh and muscle spasm in the deep
layers of the muscles. Effective techniques for attacking the Foot Five Li
are front kick, pushing kick, punch, knifehand strike, and elbow strike.
Knee Kick to the Yin Bladder

The Yin Bladder is a useful target for infighting. When the opponent
moves his leg forward to launch his attack, kick the Yin Bladder with
your front knee. If he loses his balance, immediately attack the head and
take him down to the ground.

Kick the Spring at the Bend

 The Spring at the Bend is located on the lower part of the inner thigh.
This point is good to attack in the initial stage of a fight. Kicking this
region causes pain in the inner thigh muscles that are important in lifting
the leg for kicking. Repetitive hits on this target can impact the opponent's
kicking performance. Kick quickly at an angle perpendicular to the target.
The most effective technique is roundhouse kick or knee kick.

Heel Kick to the Knee Joint

The Knee Joint is in the upper portion of the gastrocnemius muscle.

Kicking this spot causes sustained pain in the knee and destabilizes the
opponent's footwork. Effective techniques for kicking the Knee Joint are
side kick, roundhouse kick and inside heel kick.
Kick the Yin Mound Spring

The Yin Mound Spring is on the lower edge of the tibia. This spot is
where tournament fighters tend to crash into each other when trying to
kick at close distance. A side kick, roundhouse kick, or knee kick to this
point causes excruciating pain. Kick in a circular motion to avoid a bone-
to-bone collision.

Donkey Kick to the Yin Valley

The Yin Valley is located on the side of the rear knee. Due to its location,
hidden in the median posterior region of the knee, kicking this spot will
 shock the opponent, cause punishing pain in the inner leg and possibly
collapse the leg. For a donkey kick, snap your foot to the rear as a donkey
kicks backward.

Knifehand to the Earth's Crux

The Earth's Crux is between the gastrocnemius muscle and the coleus
muscle which run vertically on the inner calf. Deliver your knifehand
strike horizontally to the Earth's Crux to generate maximum impact by
striking both muscles simultaneously. Other effective techniques are side
kick, roundhouse kick, hammer fist, and thumb press.
Thumb Press on the Inner Calf

The Inner Calf is located at the inner posterior lower part of the
gastrocnemius muscle. Press this point deeply with your thumb to cause a
sharp startling pain in the calf. Additional effective techniques are
knifehand strike, hammer fist and sweeping kick.

Kick the Central Metropolis

The Central Metropolis is located on the edge of the tibia. This is a useful
spot to attack in infighting. As the opponent steps in, kick it with your
heel or the bottom of the foot at a perpendicular angle. Be careful though;
your opponent may throw you when you lift your foot, so do it quickly.
Kick the Leaking Valley

The Leaking Valley is in the center of the inner calf. This spot is a popular
target among standing fighters to impair the mobility of an opponent.
Kicking here causes sharp pain in the deep layers of the inner calf. Kick
in a hooking motion so that you do not lose your balance after kicking and
so that you can strike neighboring targets at the same time.

Ridge Knifehand Strike to the Guest House

The Guest House is an area composed of soft tissue located at the lower
part of the inner calf. Pinching or a ridge knifehand strike causes acute
 pain, making this a good spot to attack when trapped in a front head lock.
For kicking, use a hooking motion so that you hit the target at a
perpendicular angle.

Knifehand to the Three Yin Intersection

The Three Yin Intersection is located above the ankle in the inner calf.
Striking this point causes acute pain in the inner tibia. In addition to the
knifehand, you can strike it with a palm heel or fingertip thrust then grab
the ankle and take the opponent down.

Hitting the Intersection Reach

 The Intersection Reach is located on the lower inner calf. This is a great
spot for inside sweeping kick for two reasons: it causes pain and takes
away the opponent's balance. Striking with a palm heel or knifehand
strike is also an effective way to inflict pain prior to executing a takedown
by hooking the ankle.

Donkey Kick to the Recover Flow

The Recover Flow is right behind the Intersection Reach point. This spot
is hard to hit due to its hidden location. With a donkey kick, kicking back
and upward, you can hit the spot on an opponent standing behind you and
may be able to unbalance him by hooking the ankle toward you after the
kick.
 EXTERIOR LEG
Squatting Bone-Orifice (GB29)

Location: Midway between the anterosuperior iliac spine and the great
trochanter.

Nerve: The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the superficial circumflex iliac and the
lateral circumflex femoral arteries and veins.

Techniques: Side kick, roundhouse kick, punch, elbow strike, knuckle

punch, thumb press.

Effects: Sharp pain in the upper thigh, paralysis of the leg, loss of kicking
ability.

Ring of Jumping (GB30)

Location: At the junction of the middle and lateral third of the distance
between the great trochanter and the hiatus of the sacrum.

Nerves: The inferior cluneal cutaneous nerve, the inferior gluteal nerve.

Blood Vessels: The inferior gluteal artery and vein.

Techniques: Roundhouse kick, knee kick.

Effects: Severe pain in the hip, numbness of the leg.

Wind Market (GB31)

Location: On the midline of the lateral thigh, 7 can above the transverse
popliteal crease.
Nerves: The branches of the femoral nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the lateral circumflex femoral artery and
vein.

Techniques: Roundhouse kick, knee kick, side kick, elbow strike, hammer
fist.

Effects: Paralysis of the leg.

Central River (GB32)

Location: On the lateral thigh, 5 can above the transverse popliteal crease.

Nerves: The branches of the femoral nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the lateral circumflex femoral artery and
vein.

Techniques: Roundhouse kick, knee kick, elbow strike, hammer fist.

Effects: Paralysis of the leg, muscle spasm.

Knee Yang Joint (GB33)

Location: 3 can above Yang Mound Spring (GB34) lateral to the-knee-joint.

Nerve: The branch of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve.

Blood Vessels: The superior lateral genicular artery and vein.

Techniques: Side kick.

Effects: Damage to the knee joint, loss of mobility.

Yang Mound Spring (GB34)

Location: In the depression anterior and inferior to the head of the fibula.

Nerves: The branches of the common peroneal nerve.

Blood Vessels: The inferior lateral genicular artery and vein.

Techniques: Side kick, roundhouse kick. Effects: Acute pain on the shin.

Outer Hill (GB36)

Location: 7 can above the tip of the external malleolus on the anterior
border of the fibula.

Nerve: The superficial peroneal nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the anterior tibial artery and vein.

Techniques: Side kick, roundhouse kick.

Effects: Sharp pain on the shin, loss of balance.

Yang Assistance (GB38)

Location: 4 can above and anterior to the tip of the external malleolus on
the anterior border of the fibula.

Nerve: The superficial peroneal nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the anterior tibial artery and vein.
Techniques: Side kick, roundhouse kick.

Effects: Excruciating pain on the ankle, loss of balance and mobility.

 APPLICATIONS

Stomp Kick on the Squatting Bone-Orifice

The Squatting Bone-Orifice is located in the lateral crease of the hip. If

you are a good kicker, lift your leg and stomp the bottom of the heel into
the point to cause excruciating pain that can paralyze the leg. Other
options are an elbow strike, thumb press, hammer fist or knifehand strike.
Kick the Ring of Jumping

The Ring of Jumping is located slightly below the lateral center of the hip.
Kicking this spot causes severe pain in the hip and incapacitates the leg. It
is great spot to hit when the opponent does a back kick (or other spinning
technique). As soon as he turns his body, throw a front pushing kick at the
Ring of Jumping. He'll not only lose his balance, but also suffer sustained
pain throughout the fight. Additional effective techniques are roundhouse
kick and knee kick.
Knee Kick to the Wind Market

The Wind Market is located in the midline of the lateral thigh. Kicking this
spot causes spasm of the outer thigh muscles. This is a good spot to strike
with a knee in close fighting or with a roundhouse kick at a distance. Lift
your knee and throw it in a circular motion to hit the target at a
perpendicular angle.

Knee Kick to the Central River

 The Central River is on the lateral thigh above the knee. This is a popular
spot to strike to slow down a fast moving opponent. At long or medium
distance, throw quick roundhouse kicks. If your opponent changes stance
to avoid your kick, use the same kick on his inner thigh. If he clinches,
throw repetitive knee kicks to the Central River. This technique will slow
the opponent and make it easier for you to attack at will.

Roundhouse Kick to the Knee Yang Joint

The Knee Yang Joint is located lateral to the knee joint. In a standing fight,
this is a good spot to attack with a roundhouse kick, side kick or knee kick.
In ground combat, repeated elbow strikes to the Knee Yang Joint can
damage the knee.
Heel Kick to the Yang Mound Spring

The Yang Mound Spring is in the depression on the upper lateral shin.
Striking this spot with a heel kick, side kick, roundhouse kick, elbow or
hammer fist causes acute pain in the leg and disables the leg. This is a
useful target in close quarter fighting.

Heel Kick to the Outer Hill

 The Outer Hill is above the ankle. This is a good target to attack on a
heavier opponent who has overpowered you. As soon as he closes in,
throw a roundhouse kick or heel kick to the target (depending on whether
you are facing toward or away from him). Kicking the Outer Hill causes
sharp pain in the shin and possibly fracture of the fibula.

Roundhouse Kick to the Yang Assistance

The Yang Assistance is above and anterior to the ankle. This is a good
tactical spot to distract the opponent. For example, kick this spot with a
rear leg roundhouse kick and when the opponent stumbles, attack his face
with combination punches or strikes.
 VITAL POINTS ON THE FOOT

ANTERIOR FOOT
Divided Ravine (ST41)

Location: At the junction of the dorsal foot and leg.

Nerves: The superficial and deep peroneal nerves.

Blood Vessels: The anterior tibial artery and vein.

Techniques: Side kick, stomp kick, forearm press.

Effects: Sharp pain on the ankle joint and foot, structural damage to the
joint.

Hill Ruins (GB4O)

Location: Anterior, interior to the external malleolus.

Nerve: The branch of the superficial peroneal nerve.

Blood Vessel: The branch of the anterolateral malleolar artery.

Techniques: Thumb press, stomp kick.

Effects: Unbearable pain on the foot, loss of mobility.

Central Mound (LVO4)

Location: I can anterior to the medial malleolus, in the depression on the

medial side of the tendon of the anterior tibial muscle.
Nerves: The branch of the medial dorsal cutaneous nerve, the saphenous
nerve.

Blood Vessel: The anterior medial malleolar artery.

Techniques: Stomp kick.

Effects: Acute pain in the foot.

Surging Yang (ST42)

Location: In the depression between the 2nd and 3rd metatarsal bones and
the cuneiform bone.

Nerves: The branches of the superficial and deep peroneal nerves.

Blood Vessels: The dorsal artery and vein of the foot.

Techniques: Stomp kick.

Effects: Severe pain on the instep.

Supreme Surge (LVO3)

Location: In the depression of the junction of the 1st and 2nd metatarsal
bones.

Nerve: The branch of the deep peroneal nerve.

Blood Vessel: The 1st dorsal metatarsal artery.

Techniques: Thumb press, knuckle press, stomp kick.

Effects: Unbearable pain in the foot, loss of mobility.

Sunken Valley (ST43)

Location: In the depression of the junction of the 2nd and 3rd metatarsal
bones.

Nerve: The medial dorsal cutaneous nerve of the foot.

Blood Vessels: The dorsal venous network of the foot.

Techniques: Stomp kick, thumb press, knuckle press.

Effects: Acute pain in the foot.

 APPLICATIONS

Stomp Kick to the Divided Ravine

The Divided Ravine is at the junction of the top of the foot and the leg.
The peroneal nerves and tibial artery and vein branch out to the toes in
this region. A stomp kick on this spot can not only cause unbearable pain
but also damage the structure of the joint. This is a good technique to
soften up an opponent who is clinching or grabbing you.
Strike the Hill Ruins

The Hill Ruins is located below the ankle on the instep. This spot is rich
with small veins and nerves. A thumb press, knuckle punch or knifehand
strike can cause excruciating pain in the foot and impair the opponent's
mobility. A side stomp kick can disable the function of the ankle
momentarily.
Stomp the Central Mound

The Central Mound is located on top of the instep. This is the junction of
the leg and ankle where nerves and arteries branch out to the toes. A side
stomp kick can damage the joint and blood vessels in this region,
resulting in the opponent's inability to put weight on his foot. After the
kick, push the opponent backward while your foot is still stomping on his
foot for added impact, however be aware that this can result in permanent
damage to the tendons and ligaments of the foot.
Stomp Kick to the Surging Yang

The Surging Yang is in the depression near the top of the instep. A stomp
kick to this spot can disable the function of the foot. If done properly, the
opponent may react by bending his body forward, allowing you to throw a
knee kick to his face or go for a side headlock and take him to the ground.

Knuckle Punch to the Supreme Surge

 The Supreme Surge is located in the depression of the bones of the foot.
Pressing this spot causes excruciating pain and sustained pressure can
numb the entire leg. This technique is useful when you are caught by a
front headlock. While inserting one hand into the lock to try to loosen the
opponent's grip, strike or press this spot to distract him.

Stomp on the Sunken Valley

The Sunken Valley is in the middle of the instep. Stomping this spot
causes acute pain in the foot that spreads up to the hip through the
peroneal nerve. A stomp kick with the bottom of the heel can fracture or
dislocate the metatarsal bones, making it impossible for the opponent to
stand comfortably or place his weight on the foot.
 INTERIOR FOOT

Supreme Ravine (K103)

Location: In the depression posterior to the Medial Malleolus (EX-LE8).

Nerve: The tibial nerve.

Blood Vessels: The posterior tibial artery and vein.

Techniques: Thumb press, sweeping kick.

Effects: Electrifying pain in the ankle.

Medial Malleolus (EX-LE8)

Location: On the pyramid-shaped process of the tibia that projects at the

ankle.
Nerves: The branches of peroneal nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the peroneal artery.

Techniques: Roundhouse kick, sweep kick.

Effects: Acute pain in the ankle, loss of mobility.

Shang Hill (SPO5)

Location: In the depression distal and inferior to the medial malleolus.

Nerves: The medial crural cutaneous nerve, the branch of the superficial
peroneal nerve.

Blood Vessels: The medial tarsal artery, the great saphenous vein.

Techniques: Stomp kick, side kick, thumb press.

Effects: Acute pain in the ankle, loss of mobility.

Supreme White (SPO)

Location: Proximal and inferior to the head of the 1st metatarsal bone.

Nerves: The branches of the saphenous and superficial peroneal nerves.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the medial tarsal and plantar arteries.

Techniques: Thumb press.

Effects: Sharp pain in the foot.

Shining Sea (K106)

Location: 1 can below the medial malleolus.

Nerve: The medial crural cutaneous nerve.

Blood Vessels: The posterior tibial artery and vein.

Techniques: Sweeping kick, thumb press.

Effects: Sharp pain in the interior ankle.

Water Spring (K105)

Location: I can below the Supreme Ravine (KI03).

Nerve: The medial crural cutaenous nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branch of the posterior tibial artery and vein.

Techniques: Thumb press, sweeping kick.

Effects: Sharp and sustaining pain in the foot.

 APPLICATIONS

Thumb Press on the Supreme Ravine

The Supreme Ravine is located in the depression behind the ankle. Due to
the presence of the tibial nerve, the impact on this spot is directly
transmitted to the upper leg. Press the spot with your thumb or strike it
with the middle fingertip. In a stand up fight, an inside sweeping kick also
causes electrifying pain in the ankle.
Kick the Medial Malleolus

The Medial Malleolus is the protruding bone at the bottom of the tibia, on
the inner ankle. Kicking this spot can cause pain and permanent damage
to the ankle. The precise target you need to aim for is the bottom of the
protruding bone where the medial ligament of ankle begins. Striking this
spot causes tormenting pain in the ankle due to damage to the ligament
and loss of mobility.
Strike the Shang Hill

The Shang Hill is located in the depression in front of and below the inner
ankle. A hammer fist strike, knifehand strike or thumb press causes sharp
pain that spreads to the shin and instep. Strike at an angle to penetrate
deeply into the crease between the ankle and leg and increase the pain of
the strike.
Squeeze the Supreme White

The Supreme White is located on the instep next to the head of the I st
metatarsal bone. Squeeze the Supreme White with the proximal phalange
of your thumb while grabbing the outer foot with your fingers to increase
the force of your squeezing.

Knifehand Strike to the Shining Sea

 The Shining Star is located below the medial malleolus. A thumb press,
knuckle punch, or knifehand strike generates excruciating pain in the leg.
This is a good target to attack when you are grabbed and desperate.

Strike the Water Spring

The Water Spring is on the posterior inner ankle. This is an excellent

target to strike or press from the rear to generate electrifying pain along
the rear ankle. When you are caught in a headlock from the side or front,
use this technique to ease the grab.
 EXTERIOR FOOT

Lateral Malleolus (Ex-LE9)

Location: At the tip of the pyramid-shaped process of the fibula that projects
at the ankle.

Nerves: The superficial peroneal nerves.

Blood Vessel: The lateral malleolus artery.

Techniques: Side kick, front kick, sweep kick.

Effects: Sharp pain on the outer ankle.

Kunlun Mountains (BL60)

Location: In the depression between the external malleolus and Achilles
tendon.

Nerve: The sural nerve.

Blood Vessels: The small saphenous vein, the posteroexternal malleolar

artery and vein.

Techniques: Thumb press, knuckle press.

Effects: Sharp pain in the lower leg.

Subservient Visitor (BL61)

Location: In the posterior depression below the external malleolus.

Nerve: The branch of the sural nerve.

Blood Vessels: The branches of the peroneal artery and vein.

Techniques: Sweeping kick, thumb press, knuckle press, knuckle punch.

Effects: Tormenting pain below the posterior ankle.

Extending Vessel (BL62)

Location: In the depression below the external malleolus.

Nerve: The sural nerve.

Blood Vessel: The extern at malleolar artery.

Techniques: Sweeping kick, thumb press, knuckle press.

Effects: Acute pain on the foot.

Metal Gate (BL63)

Location: In the depression lateral to the cuboid bone.

Nerve: The lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve of the foot.

Blood Vessels: The lateral plantar artery and vein.

Techniques: Stomp kick, thumb press, knuckle press.

Effects: Acute pain on the foot.

Bundle Bone (BL65)

Location: On the lateral side of the foot, posterior and inferior to the head of
the 5th metatarsal bone.

Nerve: The lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve.

Blood Vessels: The plantar digital artery and vein.

Techniques: Stomp kick, thumb press, squeezing.

Effects: Sharp pain on the foot.

 APPLICATIONS

Kick the Lateral Malleolus

The Lateral Malleolus is at the bottom of the fibula which is connected to

the ankle joint by the calcaneofibular ligament. Kicking this spot causes
unbearable pain in the ankle. When you are wearing shoes, kick with the
heel. A simultaneous attack to the Lateral Malleolus and the
calcaneofibular ligament can make the opponent crippled momentarily
and potentially cause permanent damage to the ankle.
Roundhouse Kick to the Kunlun Mountains

The Kunlun Mountains is located in the depression behind the ankle on

the outside of the foot. In a street fight, deliver a roundhouse kick from
the side or rear to ensure precise contact with the target. This is a good
way to take down a larger opponent by chopping at his base and then
pulling him down to the ground.
Thumb Press on the Subservient Visitor

The Subservient Visitor is located in the depression below and behind the
ankle on the outside of the foot and is the spot where the peroneus brevis
tendon travels downward to connect to the 5th metatarsal bone. Pressing
this spot with the tip of your thumb causes excruciating pain in the rear
ankle.

Knifehand to the Extending Vessel

The Extending Vessel is located in the depression below the ankle on the
outside of the foot. If your hand is well-hardened by training, strike this
point with your knifehand at a slightly upward angle. A thumb press is
also effective for generating sharp pain. Kicking with the tip of a pointed
shoe produces intense pain that can cripple an opponent.
Punch the Metal Gate

The Metal Gate is located in the depression lateral to the cuboid bone.
Striking this spot with the middle knuckle causes stabbing pain in the
outer foot. Other effective techniques are the stomp kick, thumb press,
knuckle press, and knuckle punch.

Stomp the Bundle Bone

The Bundle Bone is located on the lateral side of the foot, next to the head
of the 5th metatarsal bone. Stomping with the bottom of the foot can
fracture the bones of the foot causing intense pain. If you are on the
ground with few options, drop your elbow on the Bundle Bone. Your
opponent may jump like a startled rabbit. Additional effective techniques
are a thumb press and squeezing the point.
BOOK
 3
VITAL POINT
APPLICATIONS
 STRIKING DRILLS

Vital Point Striking Drills are designed to help you

condition tour body to the mental image ofthe
techniques. By practicing the drills, you can enhance
the precision, .speed and naturalness of .your
performance. Begin with a single technique. Once you
're comfortable with it, add another one, and continue
to add more as you progress. Ultimately, you'll he able
to execute 3 to 5 techniques in one second or less.
Keep in mind though that a thousand mile journey
begins with the /irst step. Start slowly and practice
steadily. Speed and power come as result of diligent
and honest effort. These sample drills are just the
beginning. Once youu understand how to practice the
chills, curate your own combinations to suit your
needs.

EXERCISE #1
STANDING FIGHT STRIKING DRILL 1

General Guide: Drilling is a process of conditioning the body to a mental

image of the technique. Through repetition, you can eliminate things that
hinder your performance and techniques become automatic. Begin the drill
slowly so that you can teach your muscles each step properly. Speed
comes naturally as you progress.

Practice Guide:

Single Technique Practice: Practice 10 repetitions of

Technique #I and then practice 10 repetitions of
Technique #2 on the right side. Repeat the set from the
left side.

Technique Description:
 #1: Lead hand punch to the White Bone-Orifice
(GV25)

#2: Lead foot front kick to the Medial Eyes of the

Knee (EX-LE4)

EXERCISE #2

STANDING FIGHT STRIKING DRILL 2

General Guide: Practice Techniques #1 and 2 as a combination. Focus on

your rhythm. Pay more attention to your precision than speed.

Practice Guide:

Progressive Group Practice: Practice 4 repetitions of

Techniques #1 and 2 as a combination on the right
 side. Repeat the set from the left side.

Technique Description:

#I : Lead hand punch to the White Bone-Orifice

(GV25)

#2: Lead foot front kick to the Medial Eyes of the

Knee (EX-LE4)

EXERCISE #3

STANDING FIGHT STRIKING DRILL 3

General Guide: In this drill practice how to shift your weight efficiently.
Discover your optimal stance width for quick smooth transitions between
 front hand striking and rear hand striking.

Practice Guide:

1) Stage One: Practice #I and 2 as a

combination, then #3 as an independent
technique.

Practice 10 repetitions on each side.

2) Stage Two: Progressive Group

Practice

Practice #1-3 as a combination 5 times on the right side. Repeat

the entire set from the left side.

Technique Description:

#1: Lead hand punch to the White Bone-Orifice

(GV25)

#2: Lead foot front kick to the Medial Eyes of the

Knee (EX-LE4)

#3: Rear hand palm strike to the Dorsal Center (AD-

UE5)

EXERCISE #4
STANDING FIGHT STRIKING DRILL 4

General Guide: In this drill practice how to commit yoursell'to overcoming

the inertia ofconsecutive techniques without losing the center ofyour
bodily force.

Practice Guide:

I) Stage One: Single Technique Practice

Practice Technique #4 10 times on each side.

2) Stage Two: Progressive Group

Practice

Practice #1-4 as a combination 5 times on the right side. Repeat

the set From the left side.
Technique Description:

#1: Lead hand punch to the White Bone-Orifice

(GV25)

#2: Lead toot front kick to the Medial Eyes of the

Knee (EX-LF,4)

#3: Rear hand palm strike to the Dorsal Center (AD-

UE5)

#4: Rear foot roundhouse kick to the Recover Flow

(K107)

EXERCISE #5

STANDING FIGHT STRIKING DRILL 5

 General Guide: In this drill practice how to magnify the attacking force by
coiling and uncoiling your muscles. Particularly after technique #4, drop
your left foot in front of you and rotate your upper body to throw a right
punch to the chin for a knockout.

Practice Guide:

1) Stage One: Single Technique Practice

Practice Technique #5 I O times on each side.

2) Stage Two: Progressive Group

Practice

Practice #1-5 as a combination 5 times on the right side. Repeat

the set from the left side.

Technique Description:

#1: Lead hand punch to the White Bone-Orifice

(GV25)

#2: Lead foot front kick to the Medial Eyes of the

Knee (EX-LE4)

#3: Rear hand palm strike to the Dorsal Center (AD-

UE5)

#4: Rear foot roundhouse kick to the Recover Flow

(K107)

#5: Lead hand punch to the Sauce Receptacle (CV24)

EXERCISE #6
STANDING FIGHT STRIKING DRILL 6

General Guide: In this drill, practice how to penetrate into the center of the
opponent's power.

Practice Guide:

1) Stage One: Single Technique Practice

Practice Technique #6 10 times on each side.

2) Stage Two: Progressive Group

Practice

Practice # 1-6 as a combination 5 times on the right side. Repeat

the set from the left side.

Technique Description:
 #1: Lead hand punch to the White Bone-Orifice
(GV25)

#2: Lead foot front kick to the Medial Eyes of the

Knee (EX-LE4)

#3: Rear hand palm strike to the Dorsal Center (AD-

UE5)

#4: Rear foot roundhouse kick to the Recover Flow

(KI07)

#5: Lead hand punch to the Sauce Receptacle (CV24)

#6: Rear knee kick to the Groin (AD-T1)

EXERCISE #7
STANDING FIGHT STRIKING DRILL 7

General Guide: In this drill practice how to anticipate your opponent's

reaction and respond appropriately. For instance, when you do a left knee
kick to the groin he may bend forward in pain, then throw your right
uppercut to his Solar Plexus (Turtledove Tail) or the under his chin (Ridge
Spring).

Practice Guide:

I ) Stage One: Single Technique

Practice

Practice Technique #7 10 times on each side.

2) Stage Two: Progressive Group

Practice

Practice #1-4 as Combination I and #5-7 as Combination 2.

Repeat Combinations I and 2 in sequence 5 times on the right
side. Repeat the entire set from the left side.

Technique Description:

#1: Lead hand punch to the White Bone-Orifice

(GV25)

#2: Lead foot front kick to the Medial Eyes of the

Knee (EX-LE4)

#3: Rear hand palm strike to the Dorsal Center (AD-

UE5)

#4: Rear foot roundhouse kick to the Recover Flow

(K107)

#5: Lead hand punch to the Sauce Receptacle (CV24)

 #6: Rear knee kick to the Groin (AD-TI)

#7: Lead hand uppercut to the Turtledove Tail (CV 15)

EXERCISE #8

STANDING FIGHT STRIKING DRILL 8

General Guide: In this drill, practice how to commit your body to full
attack and retreat, then attack with the second wave of a left roundhouse
kick to the rear of the knee.

Practice Guide:

I) Stage One: Single Technique Practice

 Practice Technique #8 10 times on each side. (Move your left
foot forward, retreat, then left roundhouse kick and drop your
left foot in front. Reverse when you change stance.)

2) Stage Two: Progressive Group

Practice

Practice # 1-5 as Combination I and #6-8 as Combination 2.

Repeat Combinations I and 2 in sequence 5 times on the right
side. Repeat the entire set from the left side.

Technique Description:

#1: Lead hand punch to the nose

#2: Lead toot front kick to the kneecap

#3: Rear hand palm tap to the opponent's rear hand

#4: Rear toot roundhouse kick to the inner lead ankle

#5: Lead hand punch to the chin

#6: Rear knee kick to the groin

#7: Lead punch to the Solar Plexus

#8: Step hack and rear toot roundhouse kick to the

Knee Joint (LV07)

EXERCISE #9
STANDING FIGHT STRIKING DRILL 9

General Guide: In this drill practice how to launch a surprise third wave
attack. After Technique #8 (roundhouse kick to the rear knee), withdraw
the kicking foot to the rear, then boldly shoot a rear roundhouse kick to the
carotid artery on the neck. This is a powerful combination for a knockout:
a good target, a powerful technique, and the element of surprise.

Practice Guide:

Practice # 1-5 as Combination 1, then #6-8 as

Combination 2, and finally practice Technique #9 with
full concentration as a single technique. Repeat the
sequence 5 times on each side.

Technique Description:
 # 1: Lead hand punch to the nose

#2: Lead foot front kick to the kneecap

#3: Rear hand palm tap to the opponent's rear hand

#4: Rear foot roundhouse kick to the inner lead ankle

#5: Lead hand punch to the chin

#6: Rear knee kick to the groin

#7: Lead punch to the Solar Plexus

#8: Step back and rear loot roundhouse kick to the

Knee Joint (LV07)

#9: Step back and rear loot roundhouse kick to the

Protuberance Assistance (L118)

EXERCISE #10
GROUND FIGHT DRILL I

General Guide: From the guard position, practice pre- enmptive striking
before he punches you. If he punches you, cover your face, and respond
with counter strikes, or trap his hands and strike back.

Practice Guide:

Practice Techniques # I -4 as single techniques 5 times.

When you are confident, practice #1 and 2 as a

combination. Then practice # 1-2-3 as a sequence.
Finally combine # 1-2-3-4 as a sequence.

Technique Description:

#1: Left punch to the White Bone-Orifice (GV25)

 #2: Right punch to the Great Bone-Orifice (ST03)

#3: Left palm block and right punch to the Four Whites
(STO2)

#4: Left hand trapping and right palm heel strike to the
Ridge Spring (CV23)

EXERCISE #11
GROUND FIGHT DRILL 2
 General Guide: From the guard position, practice preemptive striking
before he punches you. When he begins to punch you, control his arm and
topple him off.

Practice Guide:

Practice Techniques # 1 -2 as a combination. Practice

#3 and #4 independently and then combine them into a
combination of # 1-2-3-4.

Technique Description:

#1: Left punch to the White Bone-Orifice (GV25)

#2: Right punch to the Great Bone-Orifice (ST03)

#3: Left hand wrist control and right fingertip thrust or

punch to the Great Horizontal (SP15)

#4: Left hand wrist control and right knilehand strike

to the Small Sea (SI08)

CA UTION
In the following chapters, Book 3 introduces sample-
training scenarios. The techniques in this book can be
very dangerous. You should practice these drills with
utmost caution and should not strike vital points on
another person in practice. Furthermore, when using
any technique in self-defense, your actions should
always be justified and in compliance with the laws of
your place of residence.

Alternatives are presented for your personal expansion

of your training repertoire. You may incorporate these
techniques in any sequences that are appropriate:
before or after presented techniques, as substitutes for
presented techniques, as a solo application, or in
combination with other techniques that you find
workable.
 APPLICATIONS

Success in a standing fight is often determined by your

ability to control the distance and angles and throw
overpowering techniques.

Being overpowering means your fitness must he at an

optimal level. .4 technique without physical power is
like a paper tiger Distance control comes from
experience and confidence about Your actions in
relation to the techniques your opponent tries to
execute. Angle control comes from your capacity to
spot an opening immediate lv and precisely strike the
target by maneuvering your bodil i, weapon according
to the target presented.

Willi this knowledge of distance, angle and technique

in mind, your goal is to discover what you can do in
potential/' dangerous situations through practice and
adaptation of the sample scenarios in the. following
pages.

AGAINST REAR SHOULDER GRAB

1. Recognize the situation: try to see or
feel the position of the opponent's arms
to prepare the best counterattack.

Focus: Find the weakest spot.

2. Strike the Groin (AD-TI) with a
hammer fist or backfist.

3. Immediately punch to the Seal Hall

(EX-HN3). You may do both
techniques simultaneously, as shown in
step 3.
ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUES
 Palm strike to the Great Bone-Orifice (ST03)

Forearm push to the Adam's Apple (AD-N I ) while twisting the wrist
downward (focusing your power on his wrist)
Forearm push to the Protuberance Assistance (1-1 18) while twisting his
wrist downward (focusing your power on his neck)

Forearm push to the Protuberance Assistance (I.118) while controlling his

wrist
AGAINST REAR BEAR HUG

1. Strike the Groin (AD-TI) with a

hammer fist.
2. Rear headbutt to the Temporal
Hairline (GB07).

3. Grab the wrists and press them down

and inward.

4. Unlock his grip.

5. Twist one wrist outward while

pivoting your body counterclockwise.

6. Press the Exterior Pericardium (EX-

UE8) for more control.
7. Pull him toward you and elbow strike
to the upper elbow.

K. Pull the wrist inward and elbow

strike the Spirit Tower (GV 10).

9. Choke his neck with your left inner

forearm.

10. Lower his wrist and transfer his

wrist to your other hand.

11. Hook punch to the Capital Gate

(GB25).

12. Elbow strike on the Spirit Hall

(BL44).
AGAINST REAR BEAR HUG 2
1. Breathe in deeply.

2. Breathe out and lower your center of

the gravity.

3. Bend your body forward.

4. Strike the Groin (AD-T I) with a

hammer fist.

5. Stomp kick to the Surging Yang

(ST42).

6. Put your loot behind his.

7. Elbow strike to the Sea of Blood
(SP10).

8. Push your chest forward and execute

a rear headbutt to his face.
9. Unlock his grip and move your body
backward.

10. Grab his wrist and press the

Dispersing Riverbed (TW I2).

I I. Press him forward.

12. Execute an armhar using your
shoulder.

13. Knilehand strike to the Celestial

Well (TW 10).
ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUES

Hooking hand press

Punch to the Lesser Sea (H T03)
 Elbow strike to the Will Chamber (13L52)
Hammer fist to the Stomach Transport (BL2 I)
Elbow strike to the Kidney Transport (BL23)
Hammer fist to the Shoulder Well (61321)
dhow strike to the Stomach Transport (13L2I )
Backfist to the Auricle (A1)-I 12)
AGAINST FRONT WRIST GRAB
1. Open your fingers for strength.

2. Twist your left wrist inward and right

fingertip thrust to the Ridge Spring
(CV23).

3. Rotate your left wrist upward and

grab his wrist with your right hand.

4. Rotate your left wrist further to break

his grip and push the Clear Cold Abyss
(TW 11) with your right palm.

5. Pull his wrist and press his elbow

downward to the ground.
ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUES
 Vertical punch to the Eyeball (AD-H 1)

Vertical punch to the Great Bone-Orifice (ST03)

Vertical punch to the Florid Canopy (CV20)

Fingertip thrust to the Energy Abode (STI I )

 Fingertip thrust to the Empty Basin (ST12)

Palm heel strike to the White Bone-Orifice (GV25)

Knifehand strike to the Shoulder Well (GB21)

Thumb press to the Cubit Marsh (LU05)

 Thumb press to the Lower Biceps (AD-UE 1)

ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUES (CONTINUED)

Palm heel strike to the Celestial Well (TW 10)
Fingertip thrust to the Abdominal Lament (SP16)
Fingertip thrust to the Outer Mound (ST26)
Fingertip thrust to the Waterway (ST28)
Palm heel strike to the Groin (AD-TI )
Elbow strike to the I3lue Spirit (H T02)
Elbow strike to the Spirit Hall (I3L44)
 Hammer fist to the Camphorwood Gate (LV 13)

AGAINST FRONT WRIST GRAB BOTH HANDS)

1. Move the left wrist up while twisting outward and the right wrist down,
twisting downward.
2. Grab the opponent's Lumbar Pain Point (EX- UE7) with your right hand.
3. Free your left wrist by continuing to twist and pull.
4. Elbow strike to the closest target on his head.
5. Pull his wrist and simultaneously press his head toward you with your left
arm.
6. Slap his Eyeballs (AD-H I) with your palm and compress them.
7. Twist his wrist forcefully inward to bring his head toward you.
 8. Fingertip thrust or knuckle punch to the Protuberance Assistance (LI I8).

ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUES
Elbow strike to the Celestial Spring (PC02)
Elbow strike to the Great Bone-Orifice (ST03)
Elbow strike to the Celestial Storehouse (LU03)
Elbow strike to the Leading Valley (GB08)
Punch to the Protuberance Assistance (LI I K)
Thumb press to the Lower Biceps (AI)-UEI )
Knee kick to the Wind Market (G133I )
 Stomp kick to the Divided Ravine (ST4I )

AGAINST REAR WRIST GRAB

1. Open your fingers for strength and control.

2. Drop your center of the gravity tilting your torso slightly forward, and
simultaneously bend your elbows and spread your arms.

3. Bring your right arm over your head, with your palm facing forward and
rotate the opponent's right wrist upside down.

4. Control the opponent's right wrist by pressing the Union Valley (L104).
5. After gaining control of the wrist.
punch the Lively ('enter (K126).

6. Knee kick to the Gate of Abundance

(BL37).

7 . Rear choke on the Adam's Apple

(AU-N I ).

8. Palm strike to the Eyeballs (AD-11 I

).
ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUES
Hip snap to the Curved Bone (CV02)
Back kick to the Groin (AD-TI)
Thumb press to the Small Sea (SIOR)
Knifehand strike to the Celestial Well (TW 10)
Elbow strike to the Clear Cold Abyss (TW I I )
Punch to the Temple (EX-HN5)
 Palm heel strike to the Auditory Convergence (GB02 )

ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUES (CONTINUED)

Thumb press to the Pool at the Bend (1,111 )
Thumb press to the Blue Spirit (HT02)
Punch to the Wind Pool (GB20)
Thumb press to the Wind Screen (TW 17)
Elbow strike to the Wind Screen (TW 17)
Fingertip thrust or knuckle punch to the Wind Pool ((iI32O)
 Knee kick to the Lumbar Transport (GV02)

AGAINST REAR CHOKE

1. Stick your chin down into the opponent's forearm for breathing space.
2. Bring the chin down deeper and raise your elbow.
3. Elbow strike to the Spirit Gate Tower (C'V08), aka the umbilicus.
4. Immediately hammer fist to the Groin (AD-TI).
5. As he reacts, bend tirrward and throw another elbow strike to the
Waterway (ST28).
6. Immediately press the Third Space (L103) with your left middle finger
and press the H bow Bone-Orifice (1-1 12) with your right fingers.
7. Move your whole body backward under his armpit keeping his arm
against your body.
 8. Pull his wrist upward behind him to secure an armlock.

AGAINST REAR CHOKE AND ARM LOCK

1. Tuck in your chin to gain breathing
space and align your neck for strength.

2. Pivot your body outward on your

right foot.

3. While rotating your body, right elbow

strike to the Capital Gate (GB25).

4. Bend your body forward to disrupt

his balance.
5. Pivot further into his body and press
the Blue Spirit (HT02) with your right
thumb.

6. Left punch to the Capital Gate

(GR25).

7. Left elbow strike to the Celestial

Pillar (BL10).

8. Apply an L-shape outward arm lock

with a thumb press to the Lesser Sea (I
IT03 ).
ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUES
Thumb press to the Lesser Sea (HT03) and forearm strike to the Jaw Chariot
(ST06)
Thumb press to the Lesser Sea (HT03) and backfist to the Auditory Palace
(SI 19)
Wrist lock and knuckle punch to the Eyeball (AD-I I I )
Wrist lock and knifehand strike to the White Bone-Orifice (GV25)
Wrist lock and elbow strike to the Great BoneOrifice (STO3)
Wrist lock and palm strike to the Groin (AI)-T1)
 Wrist lock and thumb tip thrust to the Highest Spring (I ITO1)

AGAINST REAR CHOKE AND ARM LOCK 2

1. Tuck your chin downward for
breathing space and strength.

2. Pivot your body outward and press

the Arm Five Li (LI13) with your
fingers.

3. Rotate your body toward him.

4. Pull your chin down and disrupt his

balance.
5. Grab his wrist with your left hand.

6. Apply a wrist lock With a thumb

press to the Lesser Sea (11"1'()3).

7. Palm strike to the Jaw Chariot

(STO(P).

8. Grab his shoulder and kick

downward to the Knee Yang Joint
((i1333).
ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUES
Elbow strike to the Ring of Jumping (GB30)
Wrist lock by pressing the Lumbar Pain Point (EX-UE7) with your left
thumb
Elbow strike to the Philtrum (GV26)
Elbow strike to the Florid Canopy (CV20)
Elbow strike to the Energy Door (ST 13)
Palm heel strike to the Great Bone-Orifice (ST03)
Heel Kick to the Supporting Sinews (BL56)
Leg sweep takedown
AGAINST FRONT TACKLE
1. Spread your feet and lean forward for
balance.

2. Squat to lower your center of gravity

and control his body.

3. Quickly elbow strike to the Great

Hammer (GV14).

4. Another elbow snap to the Spirit

Door (13L42).

5. Slide back and press his body to the

ground.

6. Elbow strike to the Spirit Hail

(BL44).
Focus: Balance hr .sliding hack, leaning forward, load- ing.t'our weight on
the opponent :ti hod►•, and going with the flow of'thc' fight. Keep riding
him while attacking the back and side ofthe hodv, and Irving to app/►v ca
choke.
ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUES
Elbow strike to the Unyielding Space (GV 18)
Elbow strike to the Stomach Transport (131-2 1)
Punch to the Celestial Pillar (BL 10)
Knuckle punch to the Capital Gate (GB25)
Elbow strike to the Crooked Wall (SI 13)
 Punch to the Will Chamber (13L52)
Palm heel strike to the Abdominal Lament (SP 16)
AGAINST REAR TACKLE
1. Lower your center of gravity and secure his forearm by pressing it
firmly against your body.

2. Elbow strike to the Dorsal Center (AD-UE5).

3. Lower your body and drop your hip backward onto his thigh.

4. Grab his ankle or pants leg and pull.

5. Sit down on his knee as he falls.

6. Pull his ankle toward you and check his kick with your foot.
7. Press the Instep Yang (13L59) with your left inner forearm and press the
Supreme White (SP03) with your right outer forearm.
ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUES
Headlock while pressing the Auricle (AD-1-12) with your inner forearm
Palm heel strike to the Spirit Court (GV24)
Punch to the Temple (EX-HN5)
Gouge the Eyeball (AD-H l )
 Finger pull on the White Bone-Orifice (GV25)
Press the Taking Flight (BL58) with your left inner wrist and knifehand
strike to the Inner Calf (AD-LE6)
AGAINST SIDE HEAD LOCK
1. Move your left foot slightly backward and press the Linking Path (GB28)
with your left fingertips.
2. Press the Supporting Sinews (BL56) with your right thumb tip.
3. Move your right foot slightly forward to add more power to your thumb
press while simultaneously breaking his balance.
4. Pull his left hip downward in a circular path to the ground.
5. Immediately strike his left Eardrum (AD-H3) with your left palm and
punch to the Leading Valley ((;1308) With your right fist.
6. Elbow strike to the Auditory Palace (SI19).
7. Immediately palm heel strike to the Forehead Fullness ((i604) and elbow
strike to the Empty Basin (ST 12).
focus: Wise'/t• select what strike to use at what time. The timing and
orcle1• a/the strikes )urt ac-COI-din g to his reactions C111C/ iY)111•
readiness.

ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUES
Elbow strike to the Energy Abode (STI I)
Forearm press to the White Bone-Orifice (GV25) and knifehand strike to the
Protuberance Assistance (LI18)
Knilchand strike to the Lively Center (K126)
Palm heel strike to the Eyeball (AD-H 1)
Palm heel strike to the Forehead Fullness (61304) and hammer fist to the
Lively Center (K126)
Palm heel strike to the Forehead Fullness ((;1304) and hammer fist to the
Breast Center (ST17)
Palm heel strike to the Forehead Fullness (61304) and elbow strike to the
Celestial Pillar (13L 10)
Focus: Whatever techniyue.rou apph', he pir- pared to maintain control
of'thc neck and head. l/vou lose control of them, grab his shoulder and then
,go /or the neck to regain control.
 APPLICATIONS

Success in groundfighting is determined by leverage,

strength, technique, and tactical flexibility. There is no
room to experiment with many things on the ground.
Stick with your best basic weapons until you succeed
in exploiting the opponents weak points. Once
you,find u technique that works, focus on, finishing it.
When you 've got a solid lock on his neck or arm, stick
to it. Don i let it go, no matter what position you end
up in, umtil.vou tap him out or choke him out. Watch
for ambush cit- tacks. If :your opponent suddenly
begins to pin you down and relentlessly hit you, which
often occurs quickly and unexpectedly, cover
your.face, focus on .striking the most vulnerable spots
you can reach to inflict maximum pain, and then
transition to a position that gives you better control.
Always strive to secure }'our breathing space and
leverage on the ground.

FROM GUARD POSITION

1. Prepare to control the situation: bend your knees, cover your face, and
grab whatever body part is presented to you by your opponent.

2. Protect yourself and look for a chance to counter.

3. Counterpunch to the Four Whites (ST02).

4. Grab his wrist and pull downward, then palm heel strike to the Sauce
Receptacle (CV24).
ALTERNATIVH: TECHNIQUES
Fingertip thrust to the Celestial Chimney (CV22)
Palm heel strike to the F.yehall (AD-lII )
Punch to the Great Rune-Orifice (ST03)
Arc hand strike to the Adam's Apple (AD-N I )
Palm heel strike to the Ridge Spring (CV23)
AGAINST CHOKING IN GUARD POSITION
1. Fight to push his hands offyour neck.
Keep your knees bent and your feet flat
on the ground at all times.

2. Cross your forearms and grab one of

his wrists.

3. Twist his wrist to the side while

pivoting and lifting your hip toward his
weak spot.

4. Knifehand strike to the Small Sea

(SI08).
Focus 1: Make his position as unstable as possible bv: /)moving your hip
constantli' to unbalance him; 2) throwing knee kicks to the Lumbar
Transport (GV02) /br distraction; 3) causing pain ht' elbow striking the
Winnower Gate (SP11) on the front of'his thigh.

Focus 2: Until you reach flit' tipping point, do ev- ervtlrinw possible to
help topple him off 0/von: 1) push his elhow joint: ?) push his knee toward
your /oot to (Iestahili:e his halance: 3) .shrimp i•our ho(iv to e panel your
leverage and reduce his.

Focus 3: Leave every door open./or maneuvering: 1) throw him to the side:
2) throw him over your head: 3) roll out /i•om under him if the situation
permits: 4) immobilize his arm: 5) beat him into submission.
ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUES
Wrist lock and punch the Sun and Moon (GB24)
Wrist lock and fingertip thrust to the Great Horizontal (SP15)
Fingertip thrust to the Abdominal Lament (SP16)
Thumb press to the Not Contained (ST 19)
Knifehand strike the Camphorwood Gate (LV 13)
Double fingertip press the Energy Abode (ST I 1)
Double hammer fists to the Lively ('enter (K126)
 Double palm heel strikes to the Celestial Well (TW I O)

ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUES (CONTINUED)

Block his sight by slapping the White BoneOrifice (GV25)
Pull his arm and strike the Adam's Apple (AD-N 1)
Pull his arm and fingertip thrust to the Ridge Spring (CV23)
Pull his arm and backtist strike to the Temple (EX-11N5)
Pull his arm and slap the Sauce Receptacle (('V24)
Pull his arm and thumb press to the Arm Five Li (LII3)
 Pull his arm and punch to the ('amphorwood Gate (LV 13)

AGAINST ARM PIN

1. Center yourself as much as possible: keep your knees and elbows bent at
all times, your feet flat on the floor and your chin tucked in.
2. Knee kick to the Lumbar Transport (GV02). If one kick does not work,
keep kicking. As you're kicking, bring your arms as close to your body as
possible, and slide your body toward your opponent's hips little by little.
3. When you are able to maneuver relatively freely, breathe in and raise your
feet high on your opponent's sides. With a forceful exhalation, kick, with
both inner ankle hones, inwardly to the Capital Gate (GB25).
4. Then, stick the toes of your teet into the Highest Spring (HTOI ) under the
armpit, and topple him oil you upward, downward, or sideways.

AGAINST ARM PIN 2

1. Keep one knee and your elbows bent
for leverage.

2. Shrimp your body. When your

opponent tries to adjust his balance
bring your right hand, grab his left
wrist.

3. Move your head around behind his

left arm and press the right side of your
face against the Celestial Well (TW 10).

4. Hold your grip firmly and lean your

head toward his elbow.

5. Crawl upward and press his elbow

harder to the ground while twisting his
wrist.

6. As his head hits the ground crawl up

further and raise your hip while
pressing his elbow with your whole
body weight downward diagonally.
 7. Press his elbow with your head and
raise your body.

8. Press the Dispersing Riverbed (TW

12) with your right palm. Progressively
raise your body to maintain control.

Focus: Don t he in a hut-i'. I/_t'OU are, You'll lose hint or full prCr to a
counter: Establish vour leverage inch-hr-inch but S0101'v. Take tour time
because the key here is your absolute control.
ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUES
Pin the arm through wrist control and a thumb press to the Blue Spirit
(HT02)
Press his upper arm by loading your body weight through your right arm. If
he tries to pull his arm out, strike the Lesser Sea (H T03) with your right
knee.
 Knee strike to the Mute's Gate (GV15)
Caution: Striking the occipital ridge in the real' of the head is extreme/r
dangerous and can cause death or brain c%llu , e. Never practice this
technique on another person. A /,cal'l' bag or practice dummy is a good
altcr- native./or practice.

Knee kick to the Stomach "Transport (13L21)

 Focus: The Stomach Transport (8L21) is located beln een the I2th thoracic
vertebra and the 1st /lumbar vertebra. /I is on the rear inner upper part
ofthe kid- iiet. hickini,'t/lis s/)ot can cause sei'ere pain in I/ic' body culc/
pos.si/le death. /Do not practice this technique on a pummel:

ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUES (CONTINUED)

Arm pin and heel drop kick to the Central Shoulder Transport (Sl 15)

Arm pin and heel drop kick to the Spirit Hall (BL44)
Arne pin and heel drop kick to the Wind Pool (GB20)
Arm pin and stomp kick to the Blue Spirit (HT02)
Arm pin and leg press to the Clear ('old Abyss (TW I I )
Leg arm pin and elbow strike to the ('rooked Wall (SI 13)
Leg arm pin and elbow strike to the Spirit Path (GV 11)
 APPLICATIONS

To survive a knife attack, You heed to control four

1:1e- inclits of Knife-('te'nse: 1) distance, 2) clefc'nse,
3) weapon, 4) tare c't. Tn' to maintain a salt' distance.
Keep track of the blade: what section of _tour both' is
hc'in,i,' attacked and u'/1at angle of attack .you need to
respond/ to. Ueternline what hoc/ill weapon to use and
what targets are atailah/e to attack. hilt clefense,
usetour lead halal and arm. For offense use hoth hands
and arms, ant/ feet and legs. .1lentalh' seg- me'nt roar
c/efe Ilse into high, llllc/c/lc, and /ott' s'c'c'tlons and the
angles of attack into inward, outtt'arc/, upward,
downward, or elicit anal. The targets of tour clefemsite
tec'hnique's will he the closest or the most easih•
accessible one's s'uc'h as the groin, eves, vital points
oil the clan and others that the opponent may present
in response to tour actions or reactions.

AGAINST FRONTAL MID-SECTION THRUST 1

1. Prepare the Four Control Elements of
Knifedefense: 1) distance, 2) defense,
3) weapon, 4) target. In this case, you
are too close to step back so prepare for
the risk of getting cut.
2. V-block against his forearm with your
forearm as you move out of the
attacking line.

3. As he extends his arm to reach you,

move your body to keep the knife away
from you. Snap his wrist with your
wrist in an upward circular motion.

4. Guide his wrist clockwise.

5. As his wrist goes downward, palm

heel strike to the Great Bone-Orifice
(ST03).

6. Immediately control his left arm with

your left hand (or left knifehand strike
to the Collection Orifice (LU06) to
snap away the knife), and right palm
heel strike to the Auditory Convergence
(GB02).

7. Apply a right arm rear choke while

wrapping up his left arm.

8. Complete the choke.

ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUES
Double forearm block
 Palm and arm block
Palm block and palm heel strike to the Sauce Receptacle (CV24)
Cut-in and elbow strike to the Wind Pool (GB20)
CAUTION I
 ERROR # I : Wrist cut
Caution: A miscalculation of the angle and/ push ofthe knifi' is common in
knife fighting. The result is getting cut on hand, Irrist, forearm, force, neck
or torso as shown here.

To avoid getting (-lit, keep i'ota' distance and find/ practical weapons that
are longer than the knife or that can shield vou. !::rumples are clothing like
a shirt or jacket (snap at his eves or roll around your forearm), hell,
umbrella, hag or chair
To minimize the risk ofgetting cut, move your arms in circular motions
protecting torn' vital talgets.

ERROR #2: Neck thrust

ERROR #3: Forearm slash
CAUTION 2
Random thrusts
 Caution: Expect the unexpected. if not, you'll he Ii-tcstrated, .scared,
defeated, or killed. Cuts may result from accidental or unexpected
maneuvers ht' the opponent, so trl, to .star cool, keep a safe distance.fi•om
the opponent and. figure out what your options are. Sometimes, you are no
match fin- an opponent. if thats the case, run.

Deep thrust

AGAINST FRONTAL MID-SECTION THRUST 2

1. At a sale distance, keep track of the blade.

2. When your opponent thrusts, respond instinctively to deflect the blade

at this close distance. Use your forearm to guide the blade oil the
centerline.
3. Strike the Sauce Receptacle (CV24) with your palm heel.

4. Wrap your arm around his neck, palm heel strike to the Jaw Chariot
(ST06) to disorient him and finish with a rear choke.
ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUES
Wrist grab and thumb press to the Outer Pass (TW05), and backfist to the
Jaw Chariot (ST06)

Under arm backfist strike to the Great Reception (ST05)

Forearm press to the Celestial Well (TW 10)

Punch to the Temple (EX-HN5)

 Wrist grab and elbow strike to the Sun and Moon (GB24)

Wrist grab and elbow strike to the Temple (EX-11N5 )

ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUES (CONTINUED)

 Rear choke and punch to the Temple (IF.X-l1N5)

Rear choke and fingertip thrust to the Protuberance Assistance (LI 18)
Rear choke and knifchand to the Protuberance Assistance (L118)

Rear choke and elbow strike to the Great BoneOrifice (ST03)

Wrist control and head control by pressing the Adam's Apple (AI)-N I ) with
your radial wrist crease

AGAINST FRONTAL MID-SECTION THRUST 3

1. Assess the situation and mentally prepare.

2. Deflect the blade with your hands and move your body out of the
attacking line.

3. Move closer to the opponent's body, while simultaneously throwing a

right palm heel to the White Bone-Orifice (GV25), and left palm heel
strike to the Spirit Path (GV I I ).
4. Apply a choke by going under the opponent's arm and pressing the
Protuberance Assistance (LI 18) with your inner forearm.
ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUES
Wrist grab and hackfist to the Temple (EX-TINS)
 Arm control, knee press to the Bend ('enter (BL40)
Wrist grab, firearm press on the neck, and knee kick to the Supporting
Sinews (13L56)
Wrist grab and knee kick to the Great Horizontal (SP15)
ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUES (CONTINUED)
Wrist grab and thumb press to the Lumbar Pain Point (EX-UE7) and the
Dorsal Center (AD-UE5)
 Wrist grab and hammer fist to the Groin (AD-TI )
Wrist grab, thumb press to the Exterior Pericardium (EX-UE8) and forearm
press to the Protuberance Assistance (LI18)
AGAINST FRONTAL MID-SECTION THRUST 4
1. Assess the situation.

2. Check the attacking direction of the

blade.
 3. Move out of the line of the attack,
strike the Outer Pass (TWOS) with
your left palm and the Great Mound
(PC07) with your right palm, knocking
away the knife.

4. Control the wrist with your left hand

and hook the Marsh at the Bend
(PCf.)3) with your right arm, spinning
your body counterclockwise.

5. Take him down to his rear.

AGAINST FRONTAL MID-SECTION THRUST 5

1. Prepare yourself mentally and
physically.

2. When your opponent thrusts, deflect

the blade with your hands and move
your body out of the attacking line.
3. Simultaneously grab and pull his
right wrist, trap his arm with your left
arm in V-shape, press his Lower Biceps
(AD-UEI) with your upper arm and
push your chest against his elbow.

4. Lower your torso, displace his

shoulder and add more pressure to his
elbow.
5. Backfist to the Great Bone-Orifice
(ST03) when he tries to reach for you.

6. Upper arum press to the Upper Arm

(1_114).
 7. Drop your torso against his elbow
and control his arm and shoulder on the
ground.

AGAINST SLASHING I
1. Check the distance. In this case, you
should either step hack or strike first.

2. Before he lowers his weapon, step

diagonally into his centerline and strike
the Protuberance Assistance (LI 1 K)
with your right elbow. Do it quickly
and powerfully.

3. Immediately, throw an upward left

elbow strike to the Not Contained (ST
19).

4. Grab his wrist with your right arm

and control his neck with your arm.
5. Choke his neck from the rear and
control his wrist.

6. Move backward and bring his head to

the ground.
 7. Control the wrist firmly and elbow
strike to the Wind Pool (61320).

Focus: A pre-emptive strike' is also c•u//c~cl a c rrt-ill, which illc'crll.s

cl/ttillc' ihrolrgh the Spice hetn eell ill(, line of the' attack and his de/ensc.
Two critical e'le'ments /ur a cut-in in are tuning and angle: the irllirng line
attac•kini,' his weakest point and the' safest an.'/e /in, 1'onr c'lltr'i'.
AGAINST SLASHING 2
1. Assess the opponent's intentions.

2. Block his attack with your forearm. Deflect the force by moving his left
forearm in a clockwise circular path.

3. After the circular deflection, control his left wrist with your left hand,
and strike with your right backfist to the Eyeball (AD-11 I ).

4. Immediately, pull his left arm toward you and press the Dispersing
Riverbed (TW 12) with your forearm.

5. Move your right foot into his center, take him to a kneeling position by
loading your body weight onto his upper arm.
0. Pressing the Celestial Spring (PC02)
with your forearm, follow the dropping
path of his body, and position yourself
right next to his torso while controlling
his wrist and shoulder.

7. Secure his arm by placing his wrist

on your thigh (with his palm facing
upward) and pressing his scapula
region.
 K. Punch to the Mute's Gate (GV 15).

Focus: )"uu .slioulcl ccnnstuntlr caclj►rst tour foot /)Ositiun and 1)0(11•
(mg/c' irhert he ex-c'rts his force OF resists in cnzler to tike uch'untuge
o/'tnc4rt 1)(/)/)ells clueing the c un-se o/ the conjiontution. Bused cnt suli(l
tc'c•lutiyue, he uclu/)tit's'.
ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUES
Backfist to the Auditory Convergence (GB02)
Elbow strike to the Will Chamber (BL52)
Palm heel strike to the Jade Pillow (BL09)
Knitehand strike to the Wind Pool (GB20)
Elbow strike to the Kidney Transport (BL23)
 Knifchand strike to the Blue Spirit (IITO2;
Knee kick to the Small Intestine Transport (BL27)
AGAINST ICE-PICK GRIP I
1. Keep your eyes on the blade.

2. As he lowers his weapon, move your

body out of the attacking line, deflect
his forearm with your hands, grab and
twist his wrist, and guide it around your
body.
3. Press the Small Sea (S108) on his
rear elbow with your left palm.

4a. Bring his wrist backward and then

upward for an arm lock.

4b. (alternative) If his resistance is too

great to manipulate for a rear arm lock,
pull his wrist around your right waist
and press his elbow toward the ground.
You should follow his body while
loading your weight onto his elbow.
AGAINST ICE:-PICK GRIP 2
1. Keep your eyes on the blade and raise
your guard.

2. As he lowers his weapon, move out

01' the line ofattack and deflect his
elbow with your Iett palm.
 3. While controlling his elbow, hook his
forearm with your right arm and press
his arm to bend against your torso.

4. Grab his wrist with your left hand

and walk him backward to take him
down.

Caution: ]cur shottlcl move out of the line of the attack to avoid getting
stubbed on i'our .shoulclet' or luck. To establish control, /tress his Lotter'
Biceps (AL)-(,'E/) (#3) uncl grab his wrist (#4) sinnthune- oush• and
fiu'cc'futlh•.
AGAINST ICE-PICK GRIP 3
1. Prepare yourself mentally and
physically.

2. As he lowers his weapon, deflect his

forearm with your left hand.

3. Kneel on your left knee and strike the

Abdominal Lament (SP16) with your
right elbow.

4. Immediately, hook his neck with your

right arm, grab your right wrist with
your left and constrict the Protuberance
Assistance (LI18).
AGAINST ICE-PICK GRIP 4
1. Raise your guard and watch the
blade.

2. As he lowers his weapon, block his

forearm with your right outer forearm.

3. In a circular motion grab his wrist

with your right hand, and press his
elbow with your left palm.

4. Left roundhouse kick to the Posterior

Lower Thigh (AD-LE2).

5. As he falls backward, calculate the

proper distance and drop his elbow on
your thigh. The vital target on his arm
is Dispersing Riverbed (TW I2).
AGAINST ICE-PICK GRIP 5
1. Prepare yourself for the attack.

2. As he lowers his weapon, deflect his

forearm with your palms.

3. Control his right shoulder with your

left palm and his arm with your right
hand.

4. Control his torso by pressing the Will

Chamber (13L52) with your palm, and
hook his neck with your right arm,
pressing the Protuberance Assistance
(LI18).
5. Pull his neck counterclockwise
toward the center of your body wile
pressing the Suspended Pivot (GV05)
with your hand to arch his hack.

6. Constrict his neck tighter by planting

the top edge of your radius into the
Protuberance Assistance (LI Is).

7. Grab your right wrist with your left

hand to complete the choke. Pivot your
body counterclockwise to intensify the
force.
Caution: Chokilig the carotid arteii' can he fatal. In a fear .second', tllc
.subject call lose con- .1'c'ioll.1'lless and c'ontini(e(I constriction can lead
to cleath. Iiul shoulcllearn this tt/)e of techinyue froln a l)rofessiollal
instructol: Do not Il-v this technique unsupervised.
AGAINST REVERSE GRIN ATTACK
1. Watch the blade. In this case, the
opponent is trying to conceal it under
his arm.

2. Evade or grab the attacking wrist

with your right hand.

3. While controlling the attacking wrist

with your right hand, punch to the
Great Reception (STO5).
4. Immediately, shoot a roundhouse
kick to the Bend Center (BL40).

5. Drop your left foot right behind him,

grab his shoulders, and throw a knee
kick to the Gate of Abundance (13L37).

6. Pull him down clockwise to the

ground. As he lands, elbow strike to the
Great Bone-Orifice (ST03) against the
force of his falling.
AGAINST REAR SHOULDER GRAB
I. Press the Great Mound (PC07) on the
opponent's inner wrist with your right
thumb. Secure more breathing space by
pulling down on his wrist. Open your
left hand and press it firmly on your
stomach for leverage.

2. Lower and rotate your body

counterclockwise toward the opponent
while pressing his right wrist against
your body firmly.

3. Grab his wrist with both hands.

4. Push his wrist upward behind him.

5. Insert your right tbrearm under his

arm and rest your hand on his right
scapula. Your left hand should hold his
right wrist firmly.
6. Take the knife from him with your
left hand.
 APPLICATIONS

Defending against a gun is impossible unless it is

within sour- reach and YOU are skillful and confident
enough to take action. One error means death. It is the
holder 01'117C gun Who dictate's the situation hs' his
action, Your reaction, and his counter-reaction. Your
goal is to finish the situation srith.sou r initial reaction
odor sour reaction to lessen the inuni- nent danger
of'thc conflict. If sou can de-escalate the situation
serbal/s use etas possible means to resolve it without
phtsical endangerment. If' not, sour final option is to
attempt to disarm the opponent. The process of
disarming may lead to death, either ac'c'idental or
intentional on the part of cithcr sou or sour assailant.

The bottom line is son need to control ever-'thing: the

psyche and hods of'the opponent, the weapon, and sour
olrn mind and actions. )"our should check the intent
and action of 'the assailant. then respond. The optimal
result is positioning s'ourself at a distance where sou
can grab the weapon. Once in grabbing range, it 's
essential to control the assailant s arm. Grab and pull
his wrist, grab the barrel of the gun, hook and snatch
the gun out of'his hand.

AGAINST GUN FROM THE FRONT I

1. Stay cool and control yourself.
Position yourselfat a distance where
you can grab the weapon.

2. Grab and press the opponent's wrist,

pressing your thumb on the Dorsal
Center (AD-UF;5) and grab the barrel
of the gun, as you move your body out
of the firing line.

3. I lyperflex his wrist and twist his

wrist counterclockwise.

4. Snatch the gun out of his hand.

5. Aim the gun at him and command

him to back off.
AGAINST GUN FROM THE FRONT 2
1. Stay cool and identity what the
assailant wants from you.

2. (live him what he wants.

3. Distract his attention with the object

in your right hand.

4. Move out of the firing line, grab the

gun with your Ictt hand and push it
slightly away from you.

5. Grab his right hand with both hands

while pressing your right thumb on the
Dorsal Center (AD-UE5) and rotate his
arm counterclockwise.

6. Snatch the gun, aim it at him, and

command him to hack off.
AGAINST GUN FROM THE FRONT 3
1. Stay cool. If you sense imminent
death, be prepared to act.

2. Move your head out of the firing line

(outward toward him) and palm strike
to the Celestial Well (TW 10) with your
left palm, while securing his wrist with
your right hand.

3. Move your body toward his elbow

and push him forward.

4. Wrap his arm with yours and pivot

your body to increase the pain in his
arm and keep the gun away from him.

5. Control his arm with your left arm,

and take the gun out of his hand.
AGAINST GUN FROM THE REAR I
1. Per his command, raise your hands
and try to figure out which side is the
outside of his arm.

2. Calmly but quickly pivot your body

clockwise on your right foot, moving
your head out of the firing line, and
raise your right forearm to cover your
head.

3. Continue to pivot, while hooking the

Inner Passage (PC06) downward with
your hands and pulling the Dispersing
Riverbed (TW 12) against your
shoulder, and grabbing his wrist with
your left hand.

4. Control his wrist with your left hand

and disarm him.

5. Continue to pivot under his armpit

while controlling his wrist with your
left hand, and aiming the gun at him.
AGAINST GUN FROM THE REAR 2
1. Stay cool. Per his command, raise
your hands and try to figure out which
side is the inside of his arm.
2. Calmly but quickly pivot your body
counterclockwise on your left foot,
moving your body out of the firing line,
while hooking his elbow in V-shape
with your left arm, and palm heel
striking to the Philtrum (GV26).

3. Press the Dispersing Riverbed (TW

12) with your left palm heel and right
palm, and move back to take him down.

4. Kneel down with great force causing

unbearable pain in his right shoulder.

6. Take his gun with your right hand.

7. Control his arm with your left hand

and shoulder, and prepare to aim the
gun at the assailant to end the conflict.

5. Using the momentum from step #4,

take him down to the ground and press
his arm with his wrist locked on your
left shoulder.
AGAINST GUN FROM THE REAR 3
1. Per his command, raise your hands
and try to figure out which side is the
outside of his arm.
2. Calmly but quickly pivot your body
clockwise on your right toot, moving
your body out of the firing line, cover
your body with V-shaped forearm.

3. Continue to pivot, while grabbing his

wrist with your right hand, and press
the Protuberance Assistance (1-1 18)
with your elbow away from you.

4. Lower your center of the gravity and

press the Union ofYang (BL55) with
your left knee.

5. As he falls backward, bring your knee

right under his right arm and drop his
elbow on your thigh. Press the Canopy
(ST 15) on his chest with your left palm
heel to prevent him from standing up.

6. Press his wrist downward with your

left hand and take his gun with your
right hand.

7. Erect your body and prepare to pivot.

8. Pivot your body counterclockwise on

your left heel, without standing up, and
hold his wrist firmly with your left
hand, twisting it counterclockwise as
you pivot. Sit on him as you finish the
pivot, using your body weight to
magnify the pain in his wrist. Aim the
gun at him and finish the conflict.
AGAINST GUN POINTED ON THE HEAD FROM THE REAR
1. Stay cool. Secure leverage on his
elbow crease with your left hand.

2. Grab the gun barrel with your right

hand.
3. Pull the gun downward while
pressing the Pool at the Bend (LI I I) on
his left arm with your left hand. Twist
your body by moving your hip
backward. Using momentum, throw
him around your body clockwise and
take the gun.

4. Aim the gun at the opponent and

finish the conflict.
 APPENDIX

MERIDIAN CHARTS & TERMS

Figure A.1 Anterior meridians and additional views.
Figure A.3 Lateral meridians.
 REFERENCES

Barmeier, J. 1996. The Brain. San Diego, CA: Lucent Books.

Christensen, L. W. 2008. Defensive Tactics: Modern Arrest &

Control Techniques for Today Police Warrior. Santa Fe, NM:
Turtle Press.

Clemente, C. 1985. Grays Anatomy of the Human Body.

Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Edelson, E. 1991. The Nervous System. New York: Chelsea

House.

Greenfield, S. A. 1996. The Human Mind Explained. New York:

Henry Holt.

Grounds, T. B. 2006. The Bare Essentials Guide for Martial Arts

Injury Care & Prevention. Santa Fe, NM: Turtle Press.

Hanho. 1992. Combat Strategy: Junsado The Way of the Warrior.

Hartford, CT: Turtle Press.

Hay, J.G., and Reid, J.G. 1982. The Anatomical and Mechanical
Bases of Human Motion. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall,
Inc.

Ji, Z. 1991. Physiological Basis of Modernized TCM(in Chinese).

Beijing, China: Xueyuan Press.

Kim, S. H. 2000. Martial Arts After 40. Hartford, CT: Turtle Press.

Kim, S. H. 1993. Ultimate Fitness Through Martial Arts. Hartford,

CT: Turtle Press.
Kim, S. H. 2004. Ultimate Flexibility: A Complete Guide to
Stretching for Martial Arts. Santa Fe, NM: Turtle Press.

Knapp, S. N. 2007. A Los Angeles Bouncer's Guide to Practical

Fighting. Santa Fe, NM: Turtle Press.

Merskey, H., Loeser, D. J., and Dubner, R. 1975. The Paths of

Pain. International Association for the Study of Pain.

Onello, R. M. 2007. Boxing: Advanced Tactics & Strategies. Santa

Fe, NM: Turtle Press.

Parker, S. 1997. The Brain and Nervous System. Austin, TX:

Raintree/Steck-Vaughn.

Sage, G.H. 1984. Motor Learning and Control: A

Neuropsychological Approach. Dubuque, IA: Wm. C. Brown
Publishers.

Shen, Z. 1995. Traditional Chinese Medicine (in Chinese).

Shanghai, China: Shanghai Science and Technology Press.

Simon, S. 1997. The Brain: Our Nervous System. New York:

Morrow.

Turkington, C. 1996. The Brain Encyclopedia. New York: Facts on

File.

Wade, N., ed. 1998. The Science Times Book of the Brain. New
York: Lyons Press.

Wall, M., Huh, J., and Mattox K. 2005. Thoracic Vascular Trauma.
Vascular Surgery.

Xie, Z., Lou, Z., and Huang, X. 1994. Classified Dictionary of

Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China: New World Press.
 GLOSSARY

Acromial: Of or relating to the outer end of the spine of the scapula.

Anterior: Situated toward the front of the body.

Apex: A narrowed or pointed end of an anatomical structure, for example

the ear.

Arteriole: A small branch of an artery leading to a capillary.

Articular: Of or relating to a joint.

Auricular: Of or relating to the ear.

Autonomic: Of or pertaining to the autonomic nervous system.

Axilla: The cavity beneath the junction of the arm and shoulder; commonly
called the armpit.

Axon: A long fiber of a nerve cell that carries outgoing messages.

Biceps: The large flexor muscle of the front of the upper arm.

Brachial: Of or relating to the arm.

Cardiac: Of, relating to, situated near or acting on the heart.

Carotid Artery: Either of the two main arteries that supply blood to the
head.

Carpal: Of or relating to the group of bones supporting the wrist.

Celiac: Of or relating to the abdominal cavity.

Cephalic: Of or relating to the head.

Cervical: Of or relating to the neck.

Circumflex: Bending around.

Clavicle: The narrow elongated S-shaped bone on either side of the neck;
commonly called the collarbone.

Coccygeal: Of or relating to the coccyx.

Coccyx: A small bone that consists of four fused vertebrae which form the
terminus of the spinal column; commonly called the tailbone.

Condyle: The prominence of a bone, normally appearing in pairs that look

like knuckles at one end of the bone.

Cranial: Of or relating to the skull.

Crest: A ridge on a bone.

Cun: A traditional Chinese unit of length relative to an individual's body

which is used to located acupoints. The traditional measure is the width of a
person's thumb at the knuckle. However, a can varies depending on the
point being located. For example, the distance between the nipples is 8 can
and this 8 can measurement can be used to find other points on the chest,
and there are always 3 can from the eyebrow to the hairline, however this
distance may vary depending on the size of the individual's head. The
distance across all four fingers when held together is also 3 cun.

Cutaneous: Of or relating to the skin.

Dermis: A layer of skin beneath the epidermis consisting of connective

tissue which cushions the body.

Diaphragm: The partition of muscle and connective tissue separating the

chest and abdominal cavities.

Digital: Of or relating to the fingers or toes.

Distal: Situated away from the point of attachment or origin or a central
point.

Dorsal: Located near, on, or toward the back.

Dorsum: The back.

Epicondyle: A prominence on the distal part of a long bone that is the site of
the attachment of muscles and ligaments.

Epigastric: Situated upon or over the stomach.

External: Able to be perceived outwardly.

Femoral: Of or relating to the femur or thigh.

Femur: The bone of the leg that extends from the hip to the knee, it is the
longest and largest bone in the human body.

Fibula: The outer and smaller of the two bones of the leg below the knee,
the slenderest bone of the human body in proportion to its length.

Fossa: An anatomical pit, groove, or depression.

Ganglion: A mass of nerve tissue containing neurons that is located outside

the central nervous system.

Gastrocnemius: The largest and most superficial muscle of the calf.

Gluteal: Of or relating to the buttocks.

Great Trochanter: A rough prominence on the upper part of the femur.

Hiatus: A passage through an anatomical part or organ.

Humerus: The longest bone of the upper arm.

Hyoid Bone: A U-shaped bone or complex of bones that is situated between
the base of the tongue and the larynx.

Hypochondrium: The abdominal regions on either side of the epigastric

region, above the lumbar regions; the flank regions of the trunk.

Hypogastric: Of or relating to the lower abdominal cavity.

Iliac: Of or relating to the lowest abdominal regions.

Inferior: Situated below and closer to the feet than another part of an
upright body.

Inguinal: Of, relating to or situated in the region of the groin.

Intercostal: Situated between the ribs.

Interneuron: A neuron that exclusively signals another neuron.

Jugular: Of or relating to the throat or neck.

Lateral: Of or relating to the side.

Lumbar: Of or relating to the trunk or the vertebrae between the thoracic

vertebrae and sacrum.

Malleolus: A strong pyramid-shaped process of the tibia or filbula that

projects at the ankle; commonly called the ankle bone.

Mandible: The lower jaw.

Mastoid Process: The process of the temporal bone behind the ear.

Median: Situated in the middle; lying on the plane that divides the body into
left and right halves.

Metacarpal: Of or relating to the bones of the hand.

Metatarsal: Of or relating to the bones of the foot.

Midsagittal: In the median region of the suture between the parietal bones
of the skull.

Neuron: A nerve cell that sends and receives electrical signals over long
distances.

Nociceptor: A sensory receptor that sends signals that cause the perception
of pain in response to potentially damaging stimulus.

Occipital: Of or relating to the compound bone that forms the posterior part
of the skull.

Olecranon: The large process of the ulna that projects behind the elbow and
forms the bony prominence of the elbow.

Ophthalmic: Of, relating to or near the eye.

Orbital: The bony cavity that encloses and protects the eye; commonly
called the eye socket.

Palmar: Of or relating to the palm of the hand.

Parasympathetic: Pertaining to that part of the autonomic nervous system

consisting of nerves and ganglia that arise from the cranial and sacral
regions and function in opposition to the sympathetic system.

Patella: A thick flat triangular movable bone that forms the anterior point of
the knee and protects the front of the knee joint.

Pelvic: Of, relating to, or located in or near the pelvis.

Plexus: A network of nerves or blood vessels.

Pons: A band of nerve fibers in the brain that connect the midbrain,
medulla, and cerebrum.
Popliteal: Of or relating to the back of the leg behind the knee joint.

Posterior: Situated behind.

Protuberance: Something that is bulging beyond the surrounding or adjacent

surface.

Pubic Symphysis: The rigid articulation of the two pubic bones in the lower
abdomen; commonly called the pubic hone.

Pulmonary: Relating to or carried on by the lungs.

Quadriceps: Large extensor muscle of the front thigh.

Radial: Of, relating to, or situated near the thumb side of the hand or
forearm.

Ramus: A projecting part or branch (pl. rami).

Sacral: Of, relating to or near the sacrum.

Sacrum: The part of the spinal column that consists of five fused vertebrae
diminishing in size to the apex at the lower end which bears the coccyx.

Sartorius: A muscle that arises from the iliac spine, crosses the front of the
thigh to insert on the upper part of the tibia, it is the longest muscle in the
human body.

Scapula: Either of a pair of large flat triangular bones of the upper back;
commonly called shoulder blade.

Sternocleidomastoid: A thick superficial muscle on each side of the neck

that arises from the sternum and the clavicle.

Sternum: A compound bone that lies in the median central part of the body,
about seven inches (18 centimeters) long; commonly called the breastbone.

Subcostal: Situated below a rib.

Superficial: Of, relating to or located near the surface.

Superior: Situated toward the head and further away from the lcct than
another part of an upright body.

Supraorbital: Situated above the eye.

Sympathetic: Pertaining to the part of the autonomic nervous system

consisting of nerves arising from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the
spinal cord, and functioning in opposition to the parasympathetic system.

Tarsal: Of or relating to the bones of the foot.

Temporal: Of or relating to the temple or the sides of

the skull.

Thenar Muscle: Any of the muscles that comprise the musculature of the
thumb.

Thoracic: Of, relating to, located within, or involving the thorax.

Thorax: The part of the body between the neck and the abdomen.

Tibia: The inner and larger of the two bones of the leg between the knee and
ankle.

Tibial: Of, relating to, or located near a tibia.

Trachea: The main trunk of the system of tubes by which air passes to and
from the lungs; commonly called the windpipe.

Transverse: At a right angle to the long axis of the body.

Transverse Cubital Crease: The line across the inside of the arm at the
elbow.

Trapezius: A large flat triangular muscle of each side of the upper back.
Triceps: The large extensor muscle situated along the back of the upper
arm.

Ulnar: Located on the same side of the forearm as the ulna bone.

Umbilicus: A depression in the middle of the abdomen that is the point of

former attachment of the umbilical cord; commonly called the navel or
belly button.

Vascular: Of or relating to the blood vessels.

Venule: A small vein.

Vertebra: Any of the bony or cartilaginous segments that make up the spinal
column. (pl. vertebrae)

Vesical: Of or relating to the bladder.

Vestibular: Of or relating to the vestibule of the inner ear.

Viscera: The organs in the cavities of the body, especially those in the
abdominal cavity.

Xiphoid Process: The smallest and lowest portion of the human sternum.
INDEX
Index
 ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Sang H. Kim is an internationally respected author of 12 martial arts

books, including the best sellers Ultimate Flexibility, Ultimate Fitness
through Martial Arts, Combat Strategy and Teaching: the Way of the
Master, and star of over 100 martial arts instructional DVDs and video
downloads programs including Ultimate Fitness, Self defense
Encyclopedia, Knife-defense, Power Breathing, Junsado Training Series,
and Complete Taekwondo Series.

He won the 1976 Korean National Championship and was named

Instructor of the Year by the Korean government in 1983. As a special
agent during his military service, he developed tactical combat methods
for hand-to-hand and hand-to-weapon combat for covert operatives.

To advance his education, he studied abroad in US in 1985 and has since

traveled to Europe, North and South America and Asia to present
seminars on martial arts and motivational skills. He earned a BS degree in
English Literature, an MS degree in Sports Science and a Ph.D. in Sports
Media Studies.

He taught Taekwondo at Trinity College from 1987 to 1998 and was a

technical advisor for Wesleyan University and the University of
Connecticut. He has spoken on Sports Philosophy, Fighting Strategy and
Motivation at Yale University, Gordonstoun School in Scotland, Brunell
University in London, and private and public organizations in Bermuda,
Ireland, Korea, Spain, Germany, Austria and the United Kingdom.

He has been featured in magazines and newspapers including Black Belt,

Taekwondo times, Taekwondo People, WTF Magazine, Combat, Fighter's
Magazine-UK, Cumbernauld Gazette-Scotland, Delta Sky, Vitality,
Bottom Line Business, Korea Herald, Donga Newspaper-Seoul, Chosun
Daily-Seoul, and Choongang Central Daily-New York. His books and
films have been reviewed in the Dallas Observer, Hartford Current,
Worcester Telegram, El Nacional (Oklahoma), the Herald News, Inner-
self Magazine, Memphis Business Journal, The Observer, San Francisco
Sun Reporter, The New York Times, The Star Gazette, The Times, and 90
more publications.

His books include Ultimate Flexibility, Ultimate Fitness Through Martial

Arts, Teaching: the Way of The Master, Taekwondo Kyorugi, Instructor's
Desk Reference, Martial Arts After 40, the Art of Harmony, Combat
Strategy, Muye Dobo Tongji, and 1,001 Ways To Motivate Yourself and
Others (translated in 22 languages). His DVDs include Ultimate Fitness,
Self-defense Encyclopedia, Power Breathing, Beginner's Taekwondo,
Martial Arts of Korea, Complete Taekwondo Series and Junsado Combat
Training Series.

He developed Law Enforcement Safety & Survival programs for local,

state and federal law enforcement agencies, and VIP Security programs
for international agencies in the US, UK, and Canada.

He has also produced over a dozen documentaries on the international

subjects including The Real Royal Trip, Ki: the Science of Energy,
Zen.for Martial Arts, 100 Years of Tradition for Connecticut State Police,
and Admiral Yi Sun-shin and the Turtle Boat, Dong Ahn Geo: Zen
Buddhism (English Edition).

He wrote, produced and directed Zen Man-his first martial arts feature
film in 2006 and is currently producing and directing his second feature
film in Santa Fe, New Mexico.

MORE TITLES FROM TURTLE PRESS

Drills for Grapplers

Groundfighting Pins and Breakdowns

Defensive Tactics

Secrets of Unarmed Gun Defenses

 Point Blank Gun Defenses

Security Operations

Vital Leglocks

Boxing: Advanced Tactics and Strategies

Grappler's Guide to Strangles and Chokes

Fighter's Fact Book 2

The Armlock Encyclopedia

Championship Sambo

Complete Taekwondo Poomse

Martial Arts Injury Care and Prevention

Timing for Martial Arts

Strength and Power Training

Complete Kickboxing

Ultimate Flexibility

Boxing: A 12 Week Course

The Fighter's Body: An Owner's Manual

The Science of Takedowns, Throws and Grappling for Self-defense

Fighting Science

Martial Arts Instructor's Desk Reference

Solo Training
 Solo Training 2

Fighter's Fact Book

Conceptual Self-defense

Martial Arts After 40

Warrior Speed

The Martial Arts Training Diary for Kids

Teaching Martial Arts

Combat Strategy

The Art of Harmony

Total MindBody Training

1,001 Ways to Motivate Yourself and Others

Ultimate Fitness through Martial Arts

Taekwondo Kyorugi: Olympic Style Sparring

For more information:

Turtle Press

1-800-77 TURTL

e-mail: [email protected]