Electrical Working Drawings

Understanding the Practice of Electrical Engineering

(Professionals Involved and Scope)

Electrical engineering is a technical discipline concerned with the study, design, and

application of electricity. Through electrical engineering, we can design devices and systems

using electrical components such as resistors, capacitors, transistors, etc. Electrical Engineers

can design and work on items such as super low power microcontrollers, PCB Design, high

power turbines, navigation systems, etc. The field of practice for a professional electrical

engineer's field of practice includes the sole authority to seal electrical plans, etc., and to

practice electrical engineering in its full scope as defined in this Act. A registered electrical

engineer's field of practice includes charge or supervision of: operation and maintenance of

electrical equipment in power plants, industrial plants, watercraft, electric locomotive, and

others; manufacture and repair of electrical supply and utilization equipment including

switchboards, power transformers, generators, motors, apparatus, and others; teaching of

electrical subjects; and sale and distribution of electrical equipment and systems requiring

engineering circulations or application of engineering data; and A registered master

electrician's field of practice includes the installation, wiring, operation, maintenance and

repair of electrical machinery, equipment and devices, in residential, commercial,

institutional, commercial and industrial buildings, in power plants, substations, watercrafts,

electric locomotives, and the like: Provided, That if the installation or the machinery is rated

in excess of five hundred kilovolt-amperes (500 KVA), or in excess of six hundred volts (600

V) the work shall be under the supervision of a professional electrical engineer or a registered

electrical engineer.
General Notes of Electrical Working Drawings

Electrical system should be shown on plans separate from the architectural, structural,

mechanical, and other system. For clarity, it is recommended that electrical symbols be drawn

darker than the back-ground drawing showing the building structure and other systems. The

electrical drawings consist of electrical outlets, fixtures, switches, lighting, fans, and

appliances. The details of an electrical supply from the power source to each electrical

equipment in the building are provided on electrical plans. It consists of instructions followed

during the complete installation of wiring, switches, lights, and appliances. It also provides

details of the owner’s requirement or renovation guidelines.

General notes:

1. All electrical works herein shall conform to the provisions of the latest edition of the

Philippine electrical code, the national building code, the rules and regulations of

building administration and the utility company serving the site.

2. All materials to be used shall be new and of the approved type for the location and

purpose for which they are intended.

3. All electrical works here in shall be done under the direct supervision of a duly

qualified and licensed electrical engineer.

4. After completion of electrical works, the contractor must perform the following test.

A. insulation/ megger test B. operational/ functional test

5. plan shows diagrammatically location of outlets, switches, conduit runs, panel boards,

lighting fixtures and service entrance. Final location will be determined upon joint

coordination with architectural, civil, mechanical, and equipment installer or as per

directive of owner's authorized representative.

 6. Location of panel pp shall be determined by the contractor on site to suit actual field

condition.

General notes are used “to provide, in one section of the plans, the various supplemental data

required by the specifications.” (PS&E Preparation Manual) They are used for clarifications

and added information in conjunction with specifications and special provisions.

Symbols in Electrical Working Drawings

Designing, installing, and troubleshooting electrical systems requires the use of various

drawings to provide engineers, installers, and technicians with a visual representation of the

systems they work with. The symbols and lines within an electrical drawing convey a

language that everyone involved must understand to design, build, and troubleshoot electrical

systems. In this article, we will briefly describe several types of common electrical diagrams

encountered in the field and explain their purpose. Every symbol making up part of an

electrical circuit must begin with and end with another symbol. When a circuit continues a

different drawing, the end of the circuitry symbol must be appropriately noted on both

drawings. This circuitry continued notice is necessary for both vertical and horizontal

circuits.

 Earth electrode is a metal plate or other conducting elements of electricity

partially buried in the earth to constitute and provide a reliable conductive path for

the fault current to the ground.

 Cell is a device containing electrodes immersed in an electrolyte, used for

generating current or for electrolysis.

 Battery is a container consisting of one or more cells, in which chemical energy is

converted into electricity and used as a source of power.

 Source is a part of a field-effect transistor from which carriers flow into the inter-

electrode channel.

 Ideal source includes an ideal voltage source and ideal current source. An ideal

source is a theoretical concept of an electrical current or voltage supply (such as a

battery) with no losses and a perfect voltage or current supply. Ideal sources are

used for analytical purposes because they cannot occur in nature.

 Resistor is a device that has resistance to the passage of an electric current.

 Capacitor is a device used to store an electric charge, consisting of one or more

pairs of conductors separated by an insulator.

 Antenna is an electrical device which converts electric power into radio waves

and vice versa.

Photo credit: Concept Draw

Components of Electrical Working Drawings

Electrical drawings, sometimes referred to as wiring diagrams, are a type of technical

drawing that provide visual representation describing electrical systems or circuits. They are

used to explain the design to electricians or other workers who will use them to help install

or repair electrical systems. A set of electrical drawings on a project might include: a site

plan which shows the location of the building and any external wiring. Wiring which show

the physical connections and layout of electrical circuits. Floor which show the positions

of electrical systems on each floor. Schedule and information. Electrical

drawings for buildings tend to include the following details: The electrical wires and

other parts of the system are interconnected and switched. Fixtures and

other components connect to the system. Incoming power lines and

their voltage, size, capacity and rating. Power transformers and their winding connection and

means of grounding. The main switches, fused switches, and tie breakers. Equipment such

as batteries, air conditioning, solar panels, generators, and so on, including

their voltage and size.

The schematic diagram often called a ladder diagram, is intended to be the simplest form of

an electrical circuit. This diagram shows the circuit components on horizontal lines without

regard to their physical location. It is used for troubleshooting because it is easy to understand

the operation of the circuit. The loads are located on the far right of the diagram, and the

controls for each load are located to the left. To understand the sequence of operation, the

drawing is read from the upper left corner and then from left to right, and from top to bottom.

The wiring diagram shows the relative layout of the circuit components using the appropriate

symbols and the wire connections. Although a wiring diagram is the easiest to use for wiring
an installation, it is sometimes difficult to understand circuit operation and is not as

applicable for troubleshooting.

The block diagram also called a functional block diagram, is used to describe the sequence of

circuit operations. This diagram indicates by functional descriptions, showing which

components must operate first to get an outcome. They do not refer to specifics like device

symbols or related wire connections.

A pictorial diagram shows the circuit components in more detail, as they really look, and

indicates how the wiring is attached. These diagrams can be used to locate components in a

complex system.

Theory, Practice, and Application of Power & Auxiliary Layout

Power & Auxiliary layout an electrical plan that shows the location of the

convenience outlet and other auxiliary outlet in the floor plan. Reflected Ceiling Plan- is the

complete plan design of house ceiling. In engineering, an auxiliary view is an orthographic

view taken in such a manner that the lines of sight are not parallel to the principal projection

plain (frontal, horizontal, or profile) there are an infinite number of possible auxiliary view of

any of given object.

Photo credit: Marc Muros

It is the visual and drawn description. of our buildings circuits and electrical properties, also

known as wiring diagram or electrical drawing. It includes lines. and symbols in a layout that

represents the electrical system of the property, usually designed by an electrical engineer.

With the help of an electrical plan, we should be able to showcase the positioning of the

used devices in the project, their technical details and how they fit into the electrical

system.

Theory, Practice, and Application of Lighting & Switching Layout

Lighting and switch layout is a diagram or listing of several steps drawn at a specific

scale. It shows all the resources and timelines required to complete a task. An electrical plan

is also referred to as an electrical drawing. It is a technical drawing that depicts circuits and

electrical systems graphically. It is created with electrical symbols and lines that show the

client the electrical design of the engineer. An electrical plan illustrates the location of all

electrical equipment.

In building wiring, a light switch is a switch, most used to operate electric lights,

permanently connected equipment, or electrical outlets. Portable lamps such as table lamps

will have a light switch mounted on the socket, base, or in-line with the cord. Manually

operated on/ off switches may be substituted by remote control switches, or light dimmers

that allow controlling the brightness of lamps as well as turning them on or off. In drawing

the lights Try to avoid the overlapping of fixtures and ensure there is equal levels of light

spread throughout the room. The aim is to dodge any dark spots.
 Photo credit: Concept Draw

Expertly placed lighting adds another dimension to a space,

bringing an interior design project to life. Great lighting creates depth and height, cozy spots,

and draws attention to your most impressive areas. It's all about the balance of light and shade

and bringing new energy to an interior.

References
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 ELECTRICITY AND ITS SOURCES

A Research Paper

presented to Engr. Moraga, Paulo Mari A. the faculty of the

School of Engineering, Architecture, and Technology

National University

Baliwag, Bulacan

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the subject
Engineering Utilities 1

By:

BENITO, MA. BHEA B.

CIV 224

February 2024