11 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

BASIC CALCULUS
Quarter 4 – Module 7
Area of a Plane Region
using Definite Integral

1 NegOr_Q4_Basic Calculus11_Module7_v2
NegOr_Q4_Basic Calculus11_Module7_v2
Basic Calculus – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 7: Area of a Plane Region using Definite Integral
Second Edition, 2021

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) Included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher ownership over them and authors do not
represent nor claim.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Littie Beth S. Bernadez
Editor: Ronald G. Tolentino
Reviewer: Gil S. Dael
Layout Artist: Radhiya A. Ababon
Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO V Elisa L. Baguio, EdD
Joelyza M. Arcilla, EdD, CESE Rosela R. Abiera
Marcelo K. Palispis, JD, EdD Maricel S. Rasid
Nilita L. Ragay, EdD Elmar L. Cabrera

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Telephone #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
E-mail Address: [email protected]

2 NegOr_Q4_Basic Calculus11_Module7_v2
Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-
check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust
that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests.
And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.

i NegOr_Q4_Basic Calculus11_Module7_v2
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process
the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

The module is intended for you to compute the area of a plane region using definite
integral

PRE-ASSESSMENT
Direction: Read and understand each statement. Write your answer in your activity
sheet/notebook.
1. In the region in the first quadrant bounded by 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 and the x-axis, how to find
the lower and upper boundaries or the limits of integration?

A. determine the y-intercepts C. determine the x-intercepts

B. determine the limits D. determine the derivative
2. Based on question no. 1, what are the lower and upper boundaries or the limits of
integration?
A. [0,4] B. [2,4] C. [4,4] D. [4,0]

3. What are the intersections of the curve bounded by 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 and the x-axis?
A. (0,0) and (0,4) B. (0,0) and (4,0) C. (0,1) and (0,4) D. (0,1) and (4,0)

1 NegOr_Q4_Basic Calculus11_Module7_v2
4. What definite integral would represent the area bounded by 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 and
the x-axis?
0 1 4 0
A. ∫4 (4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 B. ∫0 (4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 C. ∫0 (4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 D. ∫1 (4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥

5. Find the area bounded by 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 and the x-axis.

32 52
A. 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 C. 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
3 3
32 52
B. 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 D. 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
5 5

’s In
Activity 1!
Set up an integgral that represent the area of the plane region.

𝑔 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 + 2

1.

𝑔 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 + 2
𝑔 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 + 2

𝑓(𝑥 ) = (𝑥 − 1)2 + 1 𝑓(𝑥 ) = (𝑥 − 1)2 + 1

2. 3.

2 NegOr_Q4_Basic Calculus11_Module7_v2
 ’s New

Consider a continuous function 𝑓. We know the when 𝑓(𝑥) is nonnegative (not below
the x axis) and the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) over the interval [𝑎, 𝑏] lies entirely above the x axis,
𝑏
then the definite integral ∫𝑎 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 gives the area of the region bounded by the curves 𝑦 =
𝑓(𝑥), the x axis, and the vertical lines 𝑥 = 𝑎 and 𝑥 = 𝑏. This is illustrated in the figure
below.

This method of using the definite integral to determine the area of planar regions can
be used in determining the area bounded by the two functions 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) and the vertical
line 𝑥 = 𝑎 and 𝑥 = 𝑏 over the interval [a,b].

3 NegOr_Q4_Basic Calculus11_Module7_v2
 is It

Discussion
Area Bounded by Two Curves
If f(x) and g(x) are two continuous functions for which 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 𝑔(𝑥) over
the interval [a,b], then the area bounded by the two functions and the vertical line
𝑥 = 𝑎 and 𝑥 = 𝑏 on [a,b] is given by
𝑏
𝐴 = ∫ [𝑓 (𝑥 ) − 𝑔(𝑥 )]𝑑𝑥
𝑎

Methods for Finding the Area of Enclosed Regions

1. Vertical Cross Section
𝑏
𝐴 = ∫ [𝑓 (𝑥 ) − 𝑔(𝑥 )]𝑑𝑥
𝑎

where,
[a,b] is the limit of integration
𝑑𝑥 is the length of the cross section
𝑓 (𝑥 ) − 𝑔(𝑥) is the width of the cross section
𝑏
𝐴 = ∫𝑎 [𝑓(𝑥 ) − 𝑔(𝑥 )]𝑑𝑥 is the area of the region

4 NegOr_Q4_Basic Calculus11_Module7_v2
2. Horizontal Cross Section
𝑏
𝐴 = ∫ [𝑓 (𝑦) − 𝑔(𝑦)]𝑑𝑥
𝑎

where,
[a,b] is the limit of integration
𝑑𝑦 is the width of the cross section
𝑓 (𝑦) − 𝑔(𝑦) is the length of the cross section
𝑏
𝐴 = ∫𝑎 [𝑓(𝑦) − 𝑔(𝑦)]𝑑𝑥 is the area of the region

Illustrative Example 1. Find the area of the plane

region bounded by
𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 = 1, 𝑥 = 3, and the 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠.

Solution:
The graph of the plane region is shown below.

The plane region is clearly in the first quadrant of the Cartesian plane,
and hence we obtain
𝑏
𝐴𝑅 = ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
𝑎

3
= ∫1 (3𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥.

5 NegOr_Q4_Basic Calculus11_Module7_v2
Evaluating the integral and applying the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, we get
3
𝐴𝑅 = ∫ (3𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥
1

3𝑥 2 3
=( + 𝑥)|
2 1

27 3
=( + 3) − ( + 1)
3 2

𝑨𝑹 = 𝟏𝟒 𝒔𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔.

*Antiderivatives are related to finding the areas below curves.

Illustrative Example 2. Find the area of the plane region bounded above by
𝑦 = 1 − |𝑥 − 1|, and below by the 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠.
Solution:
The graph of the plane region is shown below.

Observe that the line from the point (0,0) to (1,1) is given by
𝑦 = 1 − [−(𝑥 − 1)] = 𝑥

And the line from the point (1,1) to (0,2) is given by

𝑦 = 1 − (𝑥 − 1) = 2 − 𝑥

Clearly, we have two subregions here, Region 1 (𝑅1 ) which is bounded above by
𝑦 = 𝑥 and Region 2 (𝑅2 ), which is bounded above by 𝑦 = 2 − 𝑥.

6 NegOr_Q4_Basic Calculus11_Module7_v2
 Hence, the area of the entire region is given by

𝐴 = 𝐴𝑅1 + 𝐴𝑅2

1 2
= ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + ∫ (2 − 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
0 1

𝑥2 1 𝑥2 2
=[ ] + [2𝑥 − ]
2 0 2 1

12 02 22 12
= − + [2(2) − ] − [2(1) − ]
2 2 2 2
𝑨 = 𝟏 𝒔𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕.

Illustrative Example 3. Determine the area below 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 3 + 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 , and above the

𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠.

Solution:
The graph of the plane region is shown below.

We use the vertical cross section method to find the area

𝑏
𝐴 = ∫ [𝑓(𝑥 ) − 𝑔(𝑥 )]𝑑𝑥
𝑎

3
𝐴 = ∫−1 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥.

7 NegOr_Q4_Basic Calculus11_Module7_v2
 The upper function is a parabola, 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 3 + 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 and the lower functions is the
x-axis 𝑦 = 0.
3
𝐴 = ∫ (3 + 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥
−1

1 3
𝐴 = 3𝑥 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 3 |
3 −1

1 1
𝐴 = [3(3) + (3)2 − (3)3 ] − [3(−1) + (−1)2 − (−1)3 ]
3 3

1
𝐴 = [9 + 9 − 9] − [−3 + 1 + ]
3

5
𝐴 = 9+
3

𝟑𝟐
𝑨= 𝒔𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔.
𝟑

I Have Learned

Generalization
1. What to do first in finding the area of a plane region?
2. How do you identify the lower and upper boundaries or the limit of integration ?
3. How to set up the definite integral in computing the area of a plane region?
4. How do your find the area of a plane region using definite integral?
5. How are you going to apply your learning from this lesson to real life situation?

I Can Do
Activty!
Sketch the regions enclosed by the given curves then find the described area.

1. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 + 1, 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 9 − 𝑥 2 , 𝑥 = −1, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥=2

2. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥, 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 , 𝑥 = 2, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥=5

8 NegOr_Q4_Basic Calculus11_Module7_v2
Direction: Read and understand each statement. Write your answer in your activity
sheet/notebook.
Use the graph below to answer the following questions.

1. What is the best method to find the area bounded by the the function 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 , 𝑦 = −1, 𝑥 =
−1, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 2?
A. Horizontal cross section C. Diagonal cross section
B. Vertical cross section D. Individual cross section
2. What are the limits of integration in the graph?
A. [-1,2] B. [-1,-1] C. [-1,4] D. [1,4]
3. Which of the following sets up the definite integral in the graph?
2 4
A. ∫−1(𝑥 2 − 1)𝑑𝑥 C. ∫−1(𝑥 2 − 1)𝑑𝑥
2 4
B. ∫−1(𝑥 2 − (−1))𝑑𝑥 D. ∫−1(𝑥 2 − (−1))𝑑𝑥

4. What are the intersections of 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 , 𝑥 = −1, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 2, respectively?

A. (-1,-1) and (2,4) C. (-1,1) and (-2,4)
B. (-1,1) and (2,4) D. (-1,-1) and (-2,4)
5. What is the area bounded by 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 , 𝑦 = −1, 𝑥 = −1, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 2?
A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7

9 NegOr_Q4_Basic Calculus11_Module7_v2
NegOr_Q4_Basic Calculus11_Module7_v2 10
What I Know!
PRE-ASSESSMENT
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. A
What’s In!
3
1. ∫0 (𝑥 + 2) 𝑑𝑥
3
2. ∫0 [(𝑥 − 1)2 + 1] 𝑑𝑥
3 3
3. ∫0 (𝑥 + 2) 𝑑𝑥 − ∫0 [(𝑥 − 1)2 + 1] 𝑑𝑥
What’s I Can Do!
1. 19.5 square units 2. 28.5 square units
ASSESSMENT
1. B 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. C
References

Arceo, C., Ortega, O. 2016. Basic Calculus Teachers Guide. Pasig City, Philippines: Department of
Education - Bureau of Learning Resorces (DepEd-BLR).
Estalilla, C. 2021. Basic Calculus. La Union City: Schools Division of La Union .
Howard, A, I Bivens, and S. Davis. 2009. Calculus Early Transcendentals. New Jersey: John Wiley &
Sons, Inc.
Stewart, J. 2016. Calculus 8th Edition. Cengage Learning.
Thurman, P. n.d. Calculus with Analystic Geometry. Ken, Inc.

11 NegOr_Q4_Basic Calculus11_Module7_v2
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117

Email Address: [email protected]
Website: lrmds.depednodis.net