Arduino

Programming
 Arduino Uno
The Arduino UNO is a standard board
of Arduino, which is based on an
ATmega328P microcontroller. It is
easier to use than other types of
Arduino Boards.
Arduino Uno
 Arduino Uno
ATmega328 Microcontroller- It is a single
chip Microcontroller of the ATmel family.
The processor core inside it is of 8-bit. It is a
low-cost, low powered, and a simple
microcontroller. The Arduino UNO and Nano
models are based on the ATmega328
Microcontroller.
Voltage Regulator
The voltage regulator converts the input voltage
to 5V. The primary function of the voltage
regulator is to regulate the voltage level in the
Arduino board. For any changes in the input
voltage of the regulator, the output voltage is
constant and steady.
GROUND PINS
GND - Ground pins. The ground pins are
used to ground the circuit.
TXD and RXD
TXD and RXD pins are used for serial
communication. The TXD is used for
transmitting the data, and RXD is used
for receiving the data. It also represents
the successful flow of data.
USB Interface
The USB Interface is used to plug-in the
USB cable. It allows the board to connect
to the computer. It is essential for the
programming of the Arduino UNO board.
RESET
It is used to add a Reset button to the
connection.
SCK
It stands for Serial Clock. These are the
clock pulses, which are used to
synchronize the transmission of data.
MISO
It stands for Master Input/ Slave Output.
The save line in the MISO pin is used to
send the data to the master.
VCC
It is the modulated DC supply voltage, which
is used to regulate the IC's used in the
connection. It is also called as the primary
voltage for IC's present on the Arduino
board. The Vcc voltage value can be
negative or positive with respect to the GND
pin.
ICSP
It stands for In-Circuit Serial Programming.
The users can program the Arduino board's
The program or firmware with the advanced
functionalities is received by microcontroller
with the help of the ICSP header.
ICSP HEADER PINS
The ICSP header consists of 6 pins.
The structure of the ICSP header is shown
below:
SDA
It stands for Serial Data. It is a line used by
the slave and master to send and receive
data. It is called as a data line, while SCL is
called as a clock line.

SDA
SCL
It stands for Serial Clock. It is defined as the
line that carries the clock data. It is used to
synchronize the transfer of data between
the two devices. The Serial Clock is
generated by the device and it is called as
master.

SDA
SPI
It stands for Serial Peripheral Interface. It is
popularly used by microcontrollers to
communicate with one or more peripheral
devices quickly. It uses conductors for data
receiving, data sending, synchronization,
and device selection (for communication).

SDA
MOSI
It stands for Master Output/ Slave Input.
The MOSI and SCK are driven by the Master

SDA
SS
It stands for Slave Select. It is the Slave
Select line, which is used by the master. It
acts as the enable line.

SDA
I2C
It is the two-wire serial communication
protocol. It stands for Inter Integrated
Circuits. The I2C is a serial communication
protocol that uses SCL (Serial Clock) and
SDA (Serial Data) to receive and send data
between two devices.

SDA
 PART 2
ARDUINO PROGRAMMING
Add a subheading

BASICS
 ARDUINO CODING BASICS

The code is written in a simple programming language

similar to C and C++.
01 The initial step to start with Arduino is the IDE
download and installation.
Let's discuss the basics to start with Arduino
programming.

integrated development environment (IDE) is a

software application that helps programmers develop
software code efficiently.
 Brackets
Parentheses ( )
The parentheses brackets are the group of the arguments,
such as method, function, or a code statement. These are
also used to group the math equations.

Curly Brackets { }
The statements in the code are enclosed in the curly
brackets. We always require closed curly brackets to
match the open curly bracket in the code or sketch.

Open curly bracket- ' { '

Closed curly bracket - ' } '
 Comment
Comments are lines in the program that are used to inform
yourself or others about the way the program works. They are
ignored by the compiler, and not exported to the processor, so
they don’t take up any space in the microcontroller’s flash
memory. Comments' only purpose is to help you understand (or
remember), or to inform others about how your program works.
 SINGLE LINE COMMENT

A single line comment begins with // (two adjacent slashes). This

comment ends automatically at the end of a line. Whatever
follows // till the end of a line will be ignored by the compiler.