Module 1

Disaster
and
Disaster Risk
Ms. Karen Crystel L. Apostol, LPT
 Objectives
At the end of this module, the learners should be able to do the following:
• Explain the meaning of disaster;
• Differentiate the risk factors underlying disasters;
• Describe the effects of disaster on one’s life;
• Explain how and when an event becomes a disaster;
• Identify areas or locations exposed to hazards that may lead to disaster;
• Analyze disaster from different perspectives (physical, psychological,
sociocultural, economic, political, and biological);
• Develop mindfulness of their and others' vulnerabilities and risk factors;
• Care for the environment;
• Improve their commitment to their community’s disaster capacity; and,
• Increase shared responsibility in their community’s disaster resilience.
 Table of contents
The Concept of Risk Factors
1 Disaster and 2
Underlying Disasters
Disaster Risk

Disaster from
3 Effects of Disasters 4 Different
Perspectives
How can Earth be
saved from any
form of
destruction?
 1
The Concept
of
Disaster and Disaster Risk
Hyatt Terraces in Baguio City
 Disaster

● a dangerous situation or threat

caused by natural or man-made
events that disrupts the
functions of individuals in a
community.
 Concept of Disaster Risk

Vulnerability Disaster Risk Hazard

-Conditions of the Occurs when a -Trigger event
community vulnerable community is -Natural or man-made
-Inability to handle the exposed to a hazard. processes or events that
effects of risks.
potentially harm
-Limited resources, illness,
and disabilities. everyone.
 Types of Hazards

Natural Hazards Man-made Hazards

Caused by an abrupt or slow Caused by human
onset of naturally activities that occur near
occurring phenomena human settlements.
 Types of Natural Hazards

Biological Geological Hydrological

Diseases, epidemic, and Earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, Avalanches and rain-
plagues and volcanic activities induced floods

Meteorological Climatological
Storm surges, cyclones, Droughts and wildfires
and tornaedoes
 Types of Man-made Hazards

Pollutions Industrial and

transport accidents

Conflict Technological
structures
 Occurrence of Disasters

A vulnerable community
exposed to a hazard is prone
to disaster risks.
 Risk Factors
2 Underlying
Disasters
2011 Tsunami in Japan
 Elements of Disaster Risk
Any element
present in a hazard
and prone to
potential loss

Combination of all the

strengths, attributes,
and resources available
within a community to
manage and reduce
disaster risks.
 Components of Disaster Risk Assessment
A disaster risk assessment is used to determine potential economic,
infrastructure, and social impacts.
Likelihood Location,
Probability Attributes, and
Chance of a Values of Assets
potentially Things that are
destructive important to
phenomenon communities
occurring.

Vulnerability Impact Risk

Likelihood that assets will be Evaluation of what might Composite of
damaged or destroyed happen to people and impacts of all
when exposed to a assets from a single potential events.
hazardous event event.
 Disaster Risk Factors
Factors Example
Physical factors- includes the concrete Fire exits,
1 objects in a community that can help/harm sturdiness of
an individual during a disaster infrastructures

Psychological factors- includes an Fear, anxiety,

2 individual’s mental state. alertness

Community folklore,
Sociocultural factors- includes traditions,
3 religion, and social statuses in society.
presence of
“bayanihan” system

Economic factors- includes resources in the Farming and

4 community and the source of income employment

Biological factors- includes flora and fauna Health and

3 in the environment diseases
Aims of Disaster Risk Reduction
1 2
Reduce the vulnerability Reduce degree of
of life, property, or exposure to hazards.
the environment to
an existing hazard.

3
Increase preparedness
through proper
mitigation procedures.
 03
Effects of Disasters
 Effects of Disasters
Population Health
Increased population People staying in evacuation
in evacuation centers are more prone to
centers risks of epidemic or
disease outbreaks

Food Psychological
Limited due to the Disaster’s destructive
damage of food effects may be
sources like farms, painful for survivors;
poultry, and result to PTSD.
aquaculture
Examples
Examples
Examples
Examples
Factors Affecting Severity
Severity of Exposure
Disaster exposure increases mental distress risk,
and the death of an intimate family member
generally triggers psychological issues
following disasters.

Age
Research shows that individuals aged 40–60 are
more prone to disaster distress than children.
 Human Resilience
Social Support
includes emotional support by sharing
traumatic experiences, coping mechanisms,
and finding a sense of comfort with others.

Coping confidence
self-efficiency to believing that one can
survive any disaster and reduce mental
distress in the future.
 04
Disaster from
Different
Perspective
 Perspectives in DRRR

Socioeconomic Educational
Aspect Aspect
State of the social well- Access to information is
being and the important in
financial resources reducing the
of the community hazardous effects of
disasters.
Psychological
Aspect Biological Aspect Political Aspect
Psychological help is Diseases can cause an Government’s response to
needed to cope epidemic or an disasters can affect
and live outbreak if emergency people’s view towards
care is unavailable. the government.
normally.
STOPLIGHT!
Short-Essay Response. Answer each of the questions in a short and concise manner;
minimum of 5 and maximum 10 sentences.
1. What disaster have you experienced, and which aspect did it impact
you the most? Given your experience, what strategies and actions
should an individual take or receive to recover from a disaster?
Explain.

2. Should disaster mitigation involve different sectors of the

community? Why or why not? Explain.
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 THANKS!Do you have questions?
[email protected]
FB Messenger: Karen Crystel Limpo Apostol

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