Basics of Geometry

Basics of Geometry

POINTS!

LINES!

PLANES!

OH MY!
What is Geometry? Basics of Geometry

Geometry comes from two Greek word;

geo meaning “earth” and metri meaning
“measurement”. Therefore geometry
means earths measurement. It was first
developed by an ancient Greek
philosopher named Euclid around 300
BCE.
 Basics of Geometry

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 Basics of Geometry

• What are the undefined terms in geometry?

• What concepts present the foundations of
geometry?
• Can you sketch the intersection of lines and
planes?

These questions (and much more!!) will be

answered by the end of this presentation.
Are you ready?
 Basics of Geometry

Undefined Terms?
The terms points, lines, and planes are the foundations of
geometry, but…

point, line, and plane are all what we call undefined terms.

How can that be?

Well, any definition we could give them would depend on the

definition of some other mathematical idea that these three
terms help define. In other words, the definition would be
circular!
 Basics of Geometry

Point

• Has no dimension

• Usually represented by a small dot

A
The above is called point A. Note the point
is represented with a capital letter.
 Basics of Geometry

Line
• Extend in one dimension.
• Represented with straight line with two arrowheads to
indicate that the line extends without end in two directions.

l This is Line l, (using the lower case

script letter) or symbolically we call it
A
B NOTICE: The arrowheads are in
both directions on the symbol
 Basics of Geometry

Plane
• Extend in two dimensions.
• Represented by a slanted 4 sided figure, but you
must envision it extends without end, even
though the representation has edges.

A M This is Plane M or plane ABC (be

C sure to only use three of the
B points when naming a plane)
 Basics of Geometry

Undefined Concepts
• Collinear points are points that lie on the
same line.

l
A
B Points A, B and C are collinear.
C
 Basics of Geometry

Undefined Concepts

• Coplanar points are points that lie on the

same plane.

A
C Points A, B and C are coplanar.
B
 Basics of Geometry

Line Segment
Let’s look at the idea of a point in between two other points on a line.

Here is line AB, or recall A B

symbolically
The line segment does not
extend without end. It has
endpoints, in this case A and
B. The segment contains all
the points on the line
between A and B

This is segment

Notice the difference in the

symbolic notation!
 Basics of Geometry

Ray
Let’s look at a ray:
A is called the initial
point The initial point is
always the first
A B letter in naming a
ray. Notice the
difference in
Ray AB extends in symbols from both
one direction a line and segment.
without end.

Symbolized by
 Basics of Geometry

Symbol alert!
Not all symbols are created equal!

is the same as A B
A B
is the same as

BUT…
 Basics of Geometry

Symbol alert!!
The ray is different!
Initial point 1st

is not the same as

A B

A B

Notice that the initial point is listed first in the symbol. Also note
that the symbolic ray always has the arrowhead on the right
regardless of the direction of the ray.
 Basics of Geometry

Opposite Rays
If C is between A and B,
A C B

then and are opposite rays.

C is the common initial point for the rays!

 Basics of Geometry
Seatwork: Name the following:

1. Line
2. Line segment
3. Rays
Two segments are congruent if they
Basics of Geometry
have the same measurement.
Congruent means equal.

The midpoint of a segment divides the segments

into two congruent segments.
Basics of Geometry
Basics of Geometry
Basics of Geometry
 Basics of Geometry

Assignment: Bring a protractor tomorrow.

 Basics of Geometry

Answer Page 395

-396
 Basics of Geometry

Angles
 Basics of Geometry

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 Basics of Geometry
Angles
Rays are important because they help us define something very
important in geometry…Angles!
An angle consists of two different rays that have the same initial
point. The rays are sides of the angles. The initial point is called the
vertex.
Notation: We denote an angle with
three points and symbol. The
vertex B middle point is always the vertex.
We can also name the angle with
sides just the vertex point. This angle can
A be denoted as:
C
 Basics of Geometry

Classifying Angles
Angles are classified as acute, right, obtuse, and straight,
according to their measures. Angles have measures greater
than 0° and less or equal to 180°.

A A A A
Acute angle Right angle Obtuse angle Straight angle
0°< m A < 90° m A = 90° 90°< m A < 180° m A = 180°
 Basics of Geometry

Intersections of lines and planes

• Two or more geometric figures intersect if they have one

or more points in common.
• The intersection of the figures is the set of points the
figure has in common

Think! How do 2 line intersect?

! How do 2 planes intersect?
What about a line and a plane?
 Basics of Geometry

Modeling Intersections
To think about the questions on the last slide lets look at the following…
Point E is the
Two lines E intersection
intersect at a of plane H
point, like here and line EC
at point A. B A F
D
H C
G
Line BF is the intersection of the
planes G and H.
 Basics of Geometry
Something to think about…
You have just finished the first section in Geometry!

This is a very important section because it lays the foundation for

the rest of the year! Much of the vocabulary you will encounter in
this course will have its foundation in the ideas presented in this
lesson.
Can you name the three undefined terms in geometry? Do you
know the difference between an obtuse and a straight angle? Can
you sketch the intersection of a plane and a line? How about two
planes? Can you visualize the intersection of two planes? How
about three?
The classfun and homefun provided will help you in developing a
better understanding of the concepts!
 Basics of Geometry

Quick Quiz!!!
Draw 3 noncollinear points J, K, L, then draw:

When ready click to

see answers!
K
J

L
 Basics of Geometry

Quick Quiz !!!!

1. Name 3 points that are collinear.
Points D, F and B lie on the same line, therefore they are collinear.

2. Name 4 points that are coplanar.

If you answered D, F, B, and G are coplanar, then you are correct. It is
harder to see because the plane is not drawn, but points D, F, B and M
are also coplanar.
M
3. Name 3 points that are not collinear.
G
B
There are many correct answers, D, F, M are not F
coplanar. D
 Basics of Geometry

Quick Quiz !!!!

Use the diagram below to answer the following questions.
S
a. Name the type of angle.
Acute
b. Name the vertex.
R
R
T
c. Name the sides of the angle.

d. Name the angle three different ways.