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Building Utilities 3 - FUNDAMENTALS

1. Architectural acoustics involves designing buildings to control sound through proper placement of sound sources and absorptive surfaces. 2. There are three aspects of acoustical design: keeping noise sources away from quiet areas, designing internal room acoustics, and using structural elements to reduce noise transmission. 3. Acoustic terms like sound, frequency, pitch and decibels are used to measure and describe sound, while absorptive materials and vibration isolators are employed to reduce unwanted noise and sound transmission between building areas.

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560 views2 pages

Building Utilities 3 - FUNDAMENTALS

1. Architectural acoustics involves designing buildings to control sound through proper placement of sound sources and absorptive surfaces. 2. There are three aspects of acoustical design: keeping noise sources away from quiet areas, designing internal room acoustics, and using structural elements to reduce noise transmission. 3. Acoustic terms like sound, frequency, pitch and decibels are used to measure and describe sound, while absorptive materials and vibration isolators are employed to reduce unwanted noise and sound transmission between building areas.

Uploaded by

MarkdanielRamiterre
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BUILDING UTILITIES 3 WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN

SOUND AND NOISE? Sound is what we


FUNDAMENTALS OF
hear.
ARCHITECTURAL ACOUSTICS
WANTED SOUND- speech, music
INTRODUCTION TO ACOUSTICS
UNWANTED SOUND- noise
The hearing mechanism of the ear senses
(objectionable or not desired)
sound waves, converts them to
information, relays it to the brain, brain SOUND THEORY
interprets the information as sound
WHAT IS SOUND?
ACOUSTICS SYSTEM
 A series of pressure variation in an
- Exact science and practical art elastic medium
concerned with the production,  Defined by architects as audible
control, transmission, reception, signal
and effects of sound in an
enclosed space Sound travels in space by a phenomenon
called wave motion.
WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF
ARCHITECTURE Wave motion in air is similar to the motion
of a ripple produced by dropping a pebble
01- REINFORCE: reinforce the in a water pond
needed sound
02- ELIMINATE: eliminate unwanted TYPES OF SOUND
sound SPEECH: comprises of phonemes which
03- PREVENT TRANSMISSION: are individual and distinctive sounds that
prevent transmission of unwanted an extent varies from language to
sound language
ARCHITECTURAL ACOUSTICS MUSIC: much broader and complex than
Technology of designing spaces, speech in frequency and dynamic range
structures and mechanical systems to NOISE: Any sound that is unwanted,
meet hearing needs. (GEORGE S. annoying or discordant, that interferes on
SALVAN (1999) one’s hearing.
- Wanted sound can be heard - Background Noise – sound
properly present in an environment which is
- Unwanted sound can be not identifiable by the listener.
attenuated so it doesn’t cause - White Noise - unvarying
annoyance unobtrusive sound having the
same intensity for all frequencies
ELEMENTS OF ACOUSTICS
of a given band
 SOUND SOURCE- generation of
ARCHITECTURAL ACOUSTICS
sound
 TRANSMISSION PATH- airborne, 1. Effect of building design on sound
structure borne, water borne control in buildings
 RECEIVER/ RECEPIENT- accepts 2. Principles of acoustics to create
the sound whether wanted or satisfactory acoustical environment
unwanted
TYPES OF SOUND CONTROL FOR
ARCHITECTURAL ACOUSTIC
1. Acoustical environment in a LOUDNESS- An attribute for a sound that
room: positioning sound sources places perception on a scale ranging from
to the listeners, and arranging inaudible/quiet to loud/uncomfortable, in
absorptivity or reflectivity levels for response to change in sound pressure
all interior surface level
2. Isolation of unwanted sound:
DECIBEL (dB) - A logarithmic unit used to
insulating building occupants from
measure sound level.
intrusive noise
- Ratio of intensities expressed in
THREE ASPECTS OF ACOUSTICAL
terms of a logarithmic scale
DESIGN OF BUILDINGS
SOUND INTENSITY- Rate of sound
01. Planning to keep noise sources as
energy transmitted in a specified direction
far as possible from quiet areas
per unit area normal to the direction
02. Internal acoustics of rooms
03. Structural precautions to reduce - Unit: watt per square meter
noise penetration (W/m²)
THREE DEGREES OF ACOUSTIC SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL (Lp) - sound
TREATMENT pressure converted to the decibel scale
01. SITE: landscape as sound barrier SOUND PRESSURE- the amount of air
02. ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS: pressure fluctuation a noise source
building materials, furniture, creates
furnishings
03. ACOUSTIC MATERIALS: - we hear or perceives it as
specifically, rooms needing special loudness
acoustic treatments - Unit: Pascals (Pa)

ACOUSTIC TERMS AND UNITS SOUND POWER LEVEL (Lw) - the total
sound energy radiated per second
SOUNDWAVE- a longitudinal pressure
wave in air or an elastic medium esp. one SOUND POWER- the sound energy
producing an audible sensation transferred per second from the noise
source to the air
PITCH- The quality of sound governed by
the rate of vibrations producing it - Unit: Watts (W)

- The degree of highness or lowness HOW IS VIBRATION ISOLATED AND


of tone CONTROLLED?
- Low-pitched/bass sounds have low to reduce the problem to a single mass
frequencies supported by a spring and a damper
- High-pitched/treble sounds have
high frequencies VIBRATION INSULATOR

FREQUENCY- Number of cycles of


compression and rarefaction of air makes
in a given unit of time or one second
- SI unit: hertz (Hz=1 cycle per
second)
- Normal person can hear
frequencies from roughly 20 to
20,000 Hz
- Human speech: 300 to 3,000 Hz

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