Brainae Journal of Business, Sciences and Technology

ISSN ''2789-374X (print)" "2789-3758 (online)

Volume 7, Issue 1, January 2022
http://www..brainae.org, [email protected]

ANALYSIS OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION AND PROJECT SUCCESS: SURVEY ON ELECTRICITY

ACCESS ROLL-OUT PROJECT AT EDCL-EARP
Prof. Dr. MBONIGABA Celestin (PhD)
E-mail: [email protected], +250 788 756 089
E-mail: [email protected],
Visiting Senior Lecturer at the University of Kigali, Universite Libre de Kigali, Kibogora Polytechnic,
External Examiner at the University of Rwanda,
Director of Administration and Finance of Mibilizi District Hospital.
Received: 5th January 2022; Accepted: 18th January 2022; Published: 24th January, 2022
https://doi.org/10.53236/09

ABSTRACT:
Effective communication strategies determined by an mean of 2.045 and standard deviation of 1.040 for the
open meeting, communication through social network project stakeholder involvement in EDCL-EARP. An
like emails, Facebook, twitter, what’s app, and others average result on effective success factors of EDCL-
network, it demands to talk one-on-one, effective EARP confirmed on 2.043 of average mean and average
training, information visually, personal presentation, rate standard deviation of 0.993 heterogeneity of
give the report, presenting feedback and others. Project responses in EDCL-EARP. Overall average results on
successful characterized by requirement fulfillment, relationship between communication strategies and
within budget, within cost, customer satisfaction, and success of EDCL-EARP show average mean of 1.991;
other benefits. The specific objectives of the study were and average standard deviation of 0.917 heterogeneity of
the analysis of project communication strategies responses in EDCL-EARP. Overall average results on
employed by EDCL-EARP; the extent to how be the effects of effective communication strategies with
project stakeholder involvement in EDCL-EARP; the stakeholders on the project success in EDCL-EARP
relationship between communication strategies and show average mean of 2.012; and average standard
success of EDCL-EARP; and effects of effective deviation of 0.919 of responses in EDCL-EARP. The
communication strategies with stakeholders on the results indicated that the F-test= 13.332 and p-value
project success in EDCL-EARP. The study applied =.001. This implies that independent variable is jointly
qualitative and quantitative approaches; target significant. The results show that the F-test= 10.583 and
population was 47 employees’ team in EDCL-EARP. p-value =.002. This implies that independent variable is
Findings show 2.053 of mean of scheme communication jointly significant on Project success of EDCL-EARP.
strategies are reasonably used in EDCL-EARP, and its As conclusion, there is significant relationship between
standard deviation outcomes shows 1.009 indicated the project communication strategies employed by EDCL-
heterogeneity results for project communication EARP and project success of EDCL-EARP.
strategies employed by EDCL-EARP. The results show
Key Words: effective communication, project success, EDCL-EARP

1. INTRODUCTION
Rwanda least cost power in 2019 reported that “Rwanda period (2013-2018) Safeguarding 100% access to
remains a land-locked republic with a superficial part of reasonable and contemporary sources of energy is vital to
26,338 km2 and a rising populace of 12,756,625. It is achieve this board.
tightly busy with a 2016 GDP at 729 (continuous) 2016
USD/capital. Rwanda’s cheap has been increasing at an Rwanda’s energy sector covers of dissimilar companies
annual normal rate of 8.3% and administration is guiding with numerous roles play as quantified within the Rwanda
an annual regular growth rate of 11.5% over the EDPRS II grid code. State-owned Rwanda Energy Group (REG) was

Brainae Journal of Business, Sciences and Technology

ISSN ''2789-374X (print)" "2789-3758 (online)
joint in 2014 to expand, maintain and operate the energy budget of these ministries/ agencies. As recipients of funds
infrastructure in Rwanda through its two companies the from budget agencies, the projects are bound by the
Energy Utility Corporation (EUCL) and the Energy provisions of the Organic Law No 12/2013 of 12/09/2013
Development Corporation (EDCL). Within this outline, on State Finances and Property. The project’s
planning of generation and transmission as well as development goals are to support the expansion of access
electrification projects remains the joint responsibility of to reliable and cost-effective electricity services for
the Ministry of Infrastructure (MININFRA) and the households and priority public institutions and withstand
REG”[1]. the reliability of electricity supply in Rwanda and
According to [2] stated that “request approximations strengthen the institutional capacity of key sector players
amount of electricity required in the country or geographic in the project. The targets were the Gifurwe substation
area helped by the power system. Cohort expansion rehabilitated and capacity upgraded to 10 MVA. Rulindo
planning wants a demand forecast, typically from 5-30 substation rearranged and capacity upgraded to 20 MVA
years into the future. A demand prediction permits in 2017; by 2018, 543 km of 30 kV lines constructed 822
optimum planning for when, how much and what kind of km of 0.4 kV network constructed 800 (600 semi/low
group technologies that be added onto an existing power skilled) of which 120 would go to women (15%) and one
system. Broadcast and distribution systems growth audit report each year, completed in less than six
planning benefit from demand analysis and forecasts and months[4].
communication. Archetypal evidence energetic through According to [5] EARP collected internally generated
message reach an extensive request analysis and forecast revenue amounting to Frw3, 587,616,607 from joining
include historical slopes of electricity sales by customer fees. This amount includes Frw1,779,298,001 for
category and geographical area; consecutive demand connection fees arrears that were recovered from EUCL
records over days, weeks, months and years remain during the year under review and Frw 1,808,318,606 as
obligatory to control the connotation between electricity connection fees collected from newly connected
sales and the amount of generation capacity obligatory.” customers from 01July 2015 to 30 June 2016. For the year
2015-2016, EARP reported that newly connected
EDCL through EARP take many projects of power with customers totaled 75,957. However, in the review of the
the objectives of cumulative number MW to the people of folder of newly connected customers, noted that the
Rwanda and these projects are intended in three categories, database does not show the amount of assembly fees paid
one they designed the project to smear for a grant or by each newly connected customer and the outstanding
demanding loan from different partners outside the balance as at 30 June 2016. There was not settlement of
country with low interest rate and long term payback the collections of Frw 1,808,318,606 with the 75,957
period; the second category of the project they have are beneficiaries connected throughout the year under review;
those working together with the regions where any district this was due to poor announcement between organization
come to EARP project manager and tell them, that they team and fees collectors from customers.
lack the electrification in such area in the district and In the framework of connecting people to electricity, each
EARP proceed the activities basing on the cheap the region connected beneficiary pays a total of Frw 56,000, whereby
has. The third one remains when EDCL-EARP itself at least Frw 15,000 is paid upon the request of electricity
chooses the any area for energy installation building on the connection service, and the remaining balance is paid
need and budget they have and also founding on the progressively when the beneficiary buys electricity.
strategic plan the country has to electrification to the During 2015, EUCL (former EWSA Utility) on behalf of
populace. All those projects envisioned with budget and EARP/EDCL was collecting that initial contribution plus
scope for completion but most of them could not encounter any subsequent payment made to complete the required
deadline, and they take more time than expected time [3]. amount of Frw56,000 per beneficiary. The collections
were due to be transferred to EARP/EDCL. During the
In 2013, EARP Schemes were recognized by Parent auditing, electricity connection fees collected by former
Ministries/agencies primarily to device the development EWSA and EUCL were not transferred as required. At the

1 3
REG Report, (2018). area for energy installation
Rwanda Least Cost Power, (2019) planning of
building on the need and budget in Rwanda
generation and transmission as well as electrification 4
African Development Fund, (2017). Gifurwe substation
projects. rehabilitated and capacity upgraded to 10 MVA, and Rulindo
substation rearranged and capacity upgraded to 20 MVA
5
Auditor General Report (2016) evaluation of EARP Schemes
2
Bishumba, (2017) request approximations amount of
electricity required in the country
Brainae Journal of Business, Sciences and Technology
ISSN ''2789-374X (print)" "2789-3758 (online)
time of audit in December 2016, noted that as at 30 June EWSA and Frw506,612,641 due from EUCL) had not yet
2016, connection fees amounting to Frw10,662,266,439 been transferred to EARP/EASSDP.
(comprising of Frw10,155,653,798 due from former

2. Statement of the Problem

Due to low collaboration and communication between causes of projects success or failure. The Centre questions
project designers and implementers, there was a failure to for this study were: Which are the communication
transfer the connection fees collected implies that strategies used by EDCL-EARP (Electricity Access Roll-
EARP/EASSDP was deprived of resources for use in out Project); are there any modern technologies that have
carrying out its activities. This is likely to adversely increased the forms of verbal communication for EDCL-
influence on the deliberate activities of the scheme and EARP (Electricity Access Roll-out Project); what is the
would eventually result into failure to achieve the benefit of using visual mediums for communication over
envisaged objectives. In addition, there is risk that verbal forms of communication in EDCL-EARP; and
connection fees collected by former EWSA and EUCL but which connection between communication strategies and
not transferred to EASSDP may have been used by those success level of Electricity Access Roll-out Projects. For
institutions to finance their own activities without prior example, the determination of this research remained to
approval/or communication by EARP/EASSDP (Auditor examine the effective communication on project success
General Report, 2016). in Rwanda especially EARP with Electricity Access Roll-
out Project.
According to the issues mentioned from auditor general
reports, it is clear that communication is among of the key
3. Objectives of the Study
The general objective examined the influence of real
communication on scheme success in Rwanda. This study
is directed by four detailed objects as shadows:
i. To examine effective project communication iv. To identify the effects of effective communication
approaches used by EDCL-EARP strategies with stakeholders on the project success
ii. To evaluate how the project stakeholder in EDCL-EARP
involvement in EDCL-EARP
iii. To analyze the relationship between
communication strategies and the success of
EDCL-EARP

4. Research Questions
The study responses the next research interrogations: d) What are the effects of effective communication
a) What are effective project communication strategies with stakeholders on the project success
approaches employed by EDCL-EARP? in EDCL-EARP (Electricity Access Roll-out
b) How is the Project stakeholder involvement at Project)?
EDCL-EARP (Electricity Access Roll-out
Project)?
c) What is the relationship between communication
strategies and success of EDCL-EARP
(Electricity Access Roll-out Project)?

5. Review of Literature and Empirical studies

5.1 Real Communication Approaches not a remote distinctiveness but it is greatly depending on
According to [6] argued that “communication is a vital contextual and cultural sensation. Within governments’
managing action, and verified its foundations and people transmission and spread messages through face to
matters”. Message marks an organization obliging face, written, and arbitrated channels such as telephones,
organism and associates of the goal mouth to bosses and SMS and E-mails.
assistants in the organization. Management message stays

6
Robson (2006) Management message stays not a remote
distinctiveness
Brainae Journal of Business, Sciences and Technology
ISSN ''2789-374X (print)" "2789-3758 (online)
Real communication raises to the process of distribution protecting the site. It designates the effective
evidence between two or more entities which leads to the communication by checking the sent information or shared
wanted result. The evidence shared is transported and information related to the project. Now the projects can be
established efficiently without the envisioned sense being administered by enabling the shared reports, and plans of
distorted or changed. It includes skills like non-verbal the schemes.
communication, focused listening, ability to comprehend
and to controller one’s own emotions and dealing anxiety. Communicating with shareholders of the schemes and
The infrastructures strategies charity for effective with the purposes of communicating with them is to
communication remain the open meetings, utilize emails, increase commitment to the project, diminish opposition,
conversation one-on-one, training, evidence visually, encourage key messages, make two-ways communication,
personal performance, and presenting feedback [7]. making consciousness of the project to safeguard the
projects as common sympathetic of the project and exploit
Components of real Communication potential welfares of the project, said by Cromity,
Communication includes eight major devices including (2011:34).
source, message, channel, receiver, feedback,
environment, context, and interference; which are the Training stays as message device that might not reflect
objects of study of communication theory (Holmes & training in the right vehicle share information. Teaching
Gibson, 2001). someone something remains message of ideas and creation
sure they get them.” Sometimes, reflect distribution as key
Communication strategies and Project Success communications for training time, rather than an
According to [8] said that “message methods are spoken, information meeting. People residence on different
bonnets and speak, when they are in learning mode. They
nonverbal, or graphic. Assimilating all tactics together
are additional likely to recall the evidence, while it doesn’t
permit to realize most achievement.” Nonverbal message
strategies consist of mostly visual cues, such as body effort for all they need to take, and it is also a great tool for
language, facial expressions, physical distance between certain things, especially a mechanical or procedural
communicators, or the tone of your voice. matter [10].

The message remains argument of info between a sender 5.2 Energy Project Success
and a receiver. It is significant for people to take into According to [11] stated that “project success views any
account every feature of how they are communicating endeavor in which human, material and financial resources
evidence. Communication approaches remain the are prepared in a novel way, to undertake a unique scope
blueprints for how the information are switched. They are of work, of given specification, with constraints of cost
verbal, nonverbal, or visual which consent a business to and time, so as to achieve beneficial change defined by
meet employee needs and rise workplace knowledge [9]. quantitative and qualitative objectives. A scheme remains
responsible for reaching results and contributing to
development impression. Since, the attainment of
Project portal is project work area or platform used to comprehensive, long-term development vicissitudes are
control, stored documents and maintained by a simple depending on numerous belongings, and it interruptions
website. One of the modern technologies of 21st century to usually not possible to excellence influence to one
manage the platform of project communication is project project.”
portal where the project organization can switch, kept
documents and preserved by a simple website. This According to [12] argued that “always increasing energy
remains usually possible to governor the activities by costs, climate change, sustainability and resource
anyone who has access of the information by passwords diminution, these continue just a few details why the

7
Fuller and Valacich, (2008). Effective communication 10
Murray, J.P., (2001). “Recognizing the Responsibility of
refers to the process of sharing information between a Failed Information Technology Project as a
two or more entities Shared Failure”, Information Systems Management,
18 (2): 25-29.
8
Hartley, (2005, 345) communication strategies is to 11
create the right information in the right time and Barge, (2004) A project as an accountable for achieving
outcomes and contributing to development impact
place 12
9
Ammeter, A., P., &Dukerich, J., M., (2002). Leadership,
Tonnquivist, (2008, 166). Effective Communication team building, and team member characteristics in
Strategies and Project Success high performance project teams. Engineering
Management Journal, 14 (4), 3 10.

Brainae Journal of Business, Sciences and Technology

ISSN ''2789-374X (print)" "2789-3758 (online)
renewable energy industry has been increasing rapidly for influence on how easy or difficult it stays to bring the
the last era. As the energy stresses snowballing globally, a project.
lot of energy connected tests are developing counting
global warming, energy sustainability and environmental Meeting Project Objective
pollution, have compulsory countries to approve It views to reason than that for your project, there are
renewable energy development policies proactively. As structures that the client has demanded that aren't
result, a lot of renewable energy projects are approved out successful to be used. The difficult query to answer is
about the world are facing numerous tests and barriers, which features they are. At this point, the inquiry that
subsequent in the failure for numerous of recent projects. substances is whether all in the necessities has to be
delivered. If not, then you can use this later in the project
Ways to improve energy project success to censored scope if you want to or craft a new mouth for
There is ten ways to recover project performance if an original feature to preserve the scheme on track.
initiatives in general and project teams in particular device
them: bypass an obstacle; cause people to stretch, not Meeting an agreed Budget
break; focus on the goal; follow a standardized process; From a transactions lookout, the first object you must look
learn from the past; maintaining ongoing communications; is to distinguish the remaining if the customer has a
record the work being done; reuse previous work; seek budget. If you have an established budget, the goal remains
buy-in from all involved; and seek simplicity, not is to work out what you can bring for that budget and mark
complexity, in goals [13]. the client content that they became a good contract.
However, there are times once the budget is not large
Factors of Energy project Successful sufficient for the sorts required. If that is the circumstance,
According to [14] supposed that “exhausting the next then there are solitary two choices including increase
success structures as a guide mark it easier for you to budget/cut scope.
become a sense of what really stuffs to your customer. It
does develop slightly more problematic when you have Delivering on Time
extra than one customer but treaty with that advanced. The previous of the variables remains time. Apparently,
There is the chosen to contract with the obvious rudiments
time settles all injuries; but it can source chaos on a scheme
of the scheme, e.g., budget and schedule time, as well as
if not managed suitably. What you should essential do is
some of the less obvious influences such as eminence and
to know firstly, if there is a time limit, and by deadline that
team gratification.”
means a hard target, not one that has randomly been
chosen by the customer because they would alike it by that
Stakeholder Satisfaction
period. If there is a deadline, the next inquiry is whether
According to [15] different schemes there remain a the time limit is a soft or solid deadline. In reality, there
number of people who have a conferred attention. remains no such mechanism a hard deadline; what they are
Probabilities for your customer are characterized by observing for now is whether the deadline has
additional administration that have to report to. There are dependences that cause issues [16].
several subdivisions complicated in the project. On a
current project, although they only had one direct Adding Value
interaction, that contact had to report to eight different
According to Pearson, & Nelson, P. (2000) supposed that
stakeholders, which meant every decision had to be
“about the obvious rudiments of projects; adding value to
considered in bright of the stakeholders' belvederes.
the commercial is not as understandable. They may not
However, if you are handling an internal project, it might
income even requested this inquiry of the customer and
not be wise to distressed stakeholders that you might want
they may not have requested it of themselves. It may be
to deal with at a later date. The need for diplomacy remains
the circumstance that somebody advanced up has
significant, and the political landscape can have a big
verbalized the project that goes ahead, the reasons for

13
Klien et al., (2002) Ways to improve energy project Shared Failure”, Information Systems Management,
success 18 (2): 25-29.
14
Rickards, T., Chen, M. &, Moger, S.
16
(2001).Development of a self-report instrument for Dong, C., Chuah, K.B., &Zhai, L. (2004).A Study of
exploring team factor, leadership and performance
Critical Success Factors of Information System
relationships. British Journal of Management,
12(3), 243-250. Projects in China.Proceedings of the PMI Research
Conference, London.
15
Murray, J.P., (2001). “Recognizing the Responsibility of
a Failed Information Technology Project as a
Brainae Journal of Business, Sciences and Technology
ISSN ''2789-374X (print)" "2789-3758 (online)
which are not fully understood. And it may not matter; roles and responsibilities and hence communication stays
what you want to know is if that is the instance. What this hierarchical, structured, and clear. There is no scope for
means is that you essential need to comprehend if the misperception in the messages being absorbed from top
scheme actually has to enhance value to the business i.e., and hence organizations have inflexible machine-like
attain a particular effect for the business.” structures, each individual gives by way of clear and
unambiguous roles and responsibilities. Weberian analysis
Meeting Quality Requirement stretches a place of prominence to value and the way
Superiority or quality can appear like an imperceptible organizations work remains by assigning work according
feature of a project; what is quality to one person is to capabilities and seniority strong-minded by fixed
unexceptional to another. That is fine; the goal remains to notions of these ideas.” This theory is usefully for this
understand what your client reflects to be excellence and study because it grasps organizations have clearly well-
how much it matters to them. For instance, you may be defined roles and responsibilities and hence
able to bring the scheme on period but deprived of communication remains hierarchical, structured, and clear.
ensuring cross-browser compatibility. This remains There is no scope for confusion in the messages being sent
something that you should consider as important; your from the top and hence organizations have inflexible
customer may not care if it everything works in the most machine-like systems where each individual given by way
popular browsers. Meeting least convenience values may of certain and unambiguous roles and responsibilities
be considered an obligatory feature, or not, dependent on recover scheme presentation if initiatives in general and
what matters to your customer. scheme teams in certain implementing them.

Team Satisfaction 5.4 Empirical Review

According to [17] awareness of team pleasure remains According to [19] said that “the renewable energy project
something that is rarely elevated. If the team is not joyful, implementation in the rural areas of Indonesia. There is the
then it marks it much tougher to distribute. A recent study influences donating to the sustainability of renewable
appreciated trust as the most significant influence in energy projects in the rural parts. It typically practices a
fruitful technical sides. If team is not pleased and do not qualitative method. Main data continued mainly to obtain
trust each other, it stands successful to be an underworld from in-depth interviews conducted in site areas with the
of a lot harder to bring what the customer wants. It is project owners, project managers, a key person in each
likewise important for purchaser to understand they have local government, industry legislatures, and the local
a vested courtesy in protection of team being happy community, including local leaders and users of renewable
because it is better significances for them. energy. Secondary data in the form of various official
scheme reports was also used. The results designated that
5.3 Theoretical Review the success of energy project implementation lay not only
In this study, weber’s classic organizational theory; in good technology performance and long-term
Tompkins and Cheney’s organizational control theory, maintenance, but was also highly reliant on six key
and Dietz’s managerialism theory that are working as main features, namely: (1) project planning and growth; (2)
philosophies usefully in this study. community contribution; (3) active communication and
recipients; (4) availability of maintenance program,
Weber’s Classic Organizational Theory workshop and technician; (5) project management and
institutionalization; (6) local government sustenance and
According to [18] stated that “the widely valued
networks. The findings from this study deliver useful
management theorist, Max Weber is careful the pioneer of
understandings to all stakeholders complicated in the
organizational studies. His theory of bureaucratic
implementation of renewable energy technology for the
organizations remains the first effort to define
rural parts in Indonesia.”
organizational structure and stretch meaning to
communication actions occur within organizations.
According to [20] stated that “organizational
Weberian theory holds the societies have clearly separate
communication channels like meetings, and reports and

17
Turner, J.R. & Müller, R. (2005).The project manager’s 18
Anderson, (2007) organizational communication as
leadership style as a success factor on projects: a a field has grown immensely in scope and depth over
the last few decades
literature review. Project management journal.36 19
Ishelina Rosaira (2017) study on renewable energy
(1). pp. 49-61. project implementation in the rural areas of
Indonesia.
20
Dexter (2013) study on organizational communication
channels like meetings, and reports and the relationship to
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the relationship employee resistance to change initiatives determining the association between communication
like customer relationship management (CRM) channels used during change initiatives and employee
organization at Capella University. The objective of the resistance to transformation. The study discovered the
study is identifying a management problem or dilemma procedure of particular communication stations, such as e-
concerning in which communication channels should be in mail, telephone/conference Bridge, instant messaging, and
organizations to put into management of employee face-to-face interactions amended, there remained a trend
resistance during customer relationship management for resistance to modify within the same measurement to
implementations. The multiple regressions analysis be released. But results were not included in terms of
observed a quantitative correlational for the aims of observing at resistance to modify as a complete
5.5 Conceptual Framework
In order to solve the problem, it is establishing the effective communication and the dependent variable in
relationship between independent variable in terms of terms of projects successful.
Independent Variable Dependent Variable
Communication Strategies Project successful
▪ Open meetings
▪ Use emails • Satisfaction stakeholders
▪ Talk One-on-One • Meet the projects’ requirements
▪ Training • Meet an approved budget
▪ Information Visually • Delivery on time
▪ Personal presentation • Meet quality supplies
▪ Presenting feedback • Professional gratification for the team

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework

It is very important for whoever in need of carrying out to find out the real impact of effective communication in
research to review others’ thoughts and results in relation energy project attainment in Rwanda. Furthermore, the
to the topic of the study to be led. This benefits to have a works highlights the welfares of effective communication,
wide considerate of the problem, limitations of what was did not show negative or positive impact of
done and possibly gaps to be covered in further researches. communication. It was therefore a good opportunity in this
The literature review was helpful in defining effective study to investigate into positive impacts of effective
communication and strategies employed in project communication to project success in Rwanda. It was also
communication. This enabled really to attack the issue of realized that in different researchers’ views found in the
message in energy projects achievement with definite and literature almost all of them took into account only the
comprehensible terminology. In addition, the works situation of administrative announcement that
provided a wide range of potential impact of current enlightening employee's happiness and enactment in their
communication as well as strategies that were proposed by effort effectiveness. This reduces the quality of knowledge
different scholars depending upon different respondents’ on impact of effective communication on project success
situations. In spite of all these features of prose and especially suggestions on strategies to adopt for
contribution, it has some limits. Most of scholars’ views effective communication. In this regard, this study gave
on impact and approaches of effective communication much importance to effective communication strategies
remain general assumptions and not real situation results. views to better understand impact of communication on
Consequently, they do not indicate the most significant project success in Rwanda. Finally, the literature is about
impact of effective communication and which one is the general views related to internal communication to
least frequent. In addition to that they do not indicate produce its expected project results, but they lack specific
which policies of communication exaggerated by which information on the case of impacts of communication in
open meetings; use emails; talk one-on-one; training; Rwanda. Some information was provided in relation to
information visually; personal presentation; and communication, all the studies give so much to the present
presenting feedback. This study therefore used main data study, but not specifically addressed in Rwanda.

Employee Resistance to Change Initiatives: Customer

Relationship Management (CRM) Organization at Capella
University
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ISSN ''2789-374X (print)" "2789-3758 (online)
 6. Materials and Methodology
the questionnaires are accomplished. This remains useful
Research Design for large populations when interviews were impractical.
In respect study, the scholar applied qualitative and Surveys were dispersed to the team staff of EDCL-EARP
quantitative research design. It remains qualitative (Electricity Access Roll-out Project) where it is estranged
because it uses the quality of data collect for better into four parts.
understanding of the current phenomenon. The survey was collected by close and open-ended
Quantitative was adopted to analyze the communication questions. The researcher estimated the participation rate
approaches engaged in EDCL-EARP (Electricity Access of 100% for answering the questionnaire. The design of
Roll-out Project); and clarify the extent to which success questionnaire remains five Likert scales to assess the
influences of EDCL-EARP (Electricity Access Roll-out appreciations of respondents.
Project). Coefficient of determination is recognized to Documentary method was used by the researcher as
show the relationship between communication strategies materials contain the information about a phenomenon that
project and its success level in EDCL-EARP (Electricity researcher needs to study. In this study, the documents
Access Roll-out Project). targets remained available reports about EDCL-EARP
(Electricity Access Roll-out Project).
Study population
The target population was 47 employees’ team involved in Documentation was a set of documents providing on
EDCL-EARP (Electricity Access Roll-out Project) from paper, online, on digital or analog media such as audio
beginning to the end. There remain the engineers, project tape. Instances are user attendants, white papers, on-line
designers and planners’ team, consultants and project assistance and quick-reference guides. It was fetching less
technicians, project manager and assistants, and people in common to understand paper documentation, and it was
committees of follow up of construction progress. circulated via websites, software products, and other on-
line requests.
Sample Size and Sampling Technique
This study used census survey for taking all 47 Data analysis Methods
respondents in Rural Electrification project as sample size. This portion clarified how data gotten from respondents in
It is selected because the number of populations remains EDCL-EARP (Electricity Access Roll-out project) were
less than a hundred, and it remains easy to access them at amended, coded and completed the statistical tables by
their working areas of EDCL-EARP (Electricity Access using numerous methods to examine these data in
Roll-out Project). significant way. After processing data is concerned with
putting the responses into meaningful groups where it
Types of Data Collection contains of editing, coding, recording, classifying and
Primary information was composed for the drive of tabulation.
investigation at hand through questionnaire, interview and Qualitative scheme is used to expose trends in believed or
observation in EDCL-EARP (Electricity Access Roll-out feelings and dump deeper into the problematic.
Project). In respect secondary data, the study uses the Quantitative or descriptive statistic methods display the
documentary technique were checking the reports and frequency, and percentages on the communication
publication journal about implementation of EDCL. strategies and the success aspects of EDCL-EARP
(Electricity Access Roll-out Project). The correlation
Research Instruments coefficient analysis continued to be useful for testing the
Questionnaires deliver a relatively cheap, quick and relationship between communication approaches and
efficient way of gaining more information from a sample success of EDCL-EARP (Electricity Access Roll-out
of people. Data can be composed relatively quickly Project).
because the researcher would not want to be offered when

7. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION FOR FINDINGS

Analysis and presentation of this section comprises with between communication strategies and success of EDCL-
descriptive statistics on analysis of the project EARP; the effects of real message strategies with investors
communication strategies employed by EDCL-EARP on the scheme success in EDCL-EARP (Electricity Access
(Electricity Access Roll-out Project); extent of the project Roll-out Project) and association constant; reversion
stakeholder involvement in EDCL-EARP; the relationship analysis; and conversation of investigation results.

Descriptive Statistical Results

EDCL through EARP have many projects of electricity categories including one designed the project to apply for
with the objectives of increasing number MW to the a grant or requesting loan from different partners outside
people of Rwanda, and these projects are designed in three the country with low interest rate and long term payback
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ISSN ''2789-374X (print)" "2789-3758 (online)
period. Secondly, the projects have those working together EARP itself chooses the any area for electricity installation
with the districts where any district come to EARP project basing on the need and budget they have and also basing
manager and tell them that they want the electrification in on the strategic plan the country has towards electrification
such area in district and EARP proceed the activities to the population.
basing on the budget of the district. Third, when EDCL-

Table 1. Expressive figures results on the scheme communication approach employed by EDCL-EARP
Mean Std. Dev.

Project communication strategies employed by EDCL-EARP

Meetings is used as part communication between work team in EDCL-EARP, 2.06 1.09
Everyone makes sure the tasks progressing as it should be, and shared progress reports to the rest 1.77 .914
of the team in EDCL-EARP;
Being present in working environment of EDCL-EARP is most important part of successful 2.13 1.20
communication between staff;
Communication, workflow, and creativity of team are always evolving in EDCL-EARP for making 2.09 1.17
some discussion of activities,
Training is strategy used in EDCL-EARP as communication tool, 2.32 .837
Team management in EDCL-EARP sometime talk one-on-one, and conducting personal 1.87 1.03
presentation
Information visually is used in EDCL-EARP, 1.98 .872
They are giving the feedback or reports of the activities taken as communication strategy in 2.23 1.14
EDCL-EARP,
A good meeting has an programme and only includes those who necessity know what is existence 1.96 .658
deliberated
Email is used to share an update or communicate to concerned people in EDCL-EARP, 1.89 .890
Like conferences, emails, once the vanguard of the electrical revolution used in EDCL-EARP; 2.04 1.16
Communication with stakeholders in EDCL-EARP is related with similar channels of internal 2.09 1.01
and external communication
An excessive way to have an amenable spectators remains to make them aware of when they are 2.26 1.15
going to communicate with them.
Overall Average 2.053 1.00
Source: Primary Data, Field results (2021)

Overall average results show 2.053 of mean which means communication strategies working by EDCL-EARP
project message strategies are reasonably used in EDCL- which means that population or sample remains one, every
EARP, and its standard deviation results shows 1.009 member takes a different value for scheme communication
indicated the heterogeneity results for scheme approaches used in EDCL-EARP.

Table 2. Perception of respondents on the extent of project stakeholder involvement in EDCL-EARP

Mean Std. Dev.

Project stakeholder involvement in EDCL-EARP

There is information sharing with project stakeholder involvement in EDCL-EARP, 1.85 .977
There is effective intermittent engagement of project stakeholders in EDCL-EARP, 2.04 1.210
Project stakeholder involvement in EDCL-EARP is effective in control over decisions, 2.27 1.210
Goal setting is effectively in EDCL-EARP due to project stakeholder involvement. 2.02 .765
Overall Average 2.045 1.040
Source: Primary Data, Field results (2021)
Overall average results show mean of 2.045 and standard stakeholders in EDCL-EARP, project stakeholder
deviation of 1.040 for the project stakeholder involvement involvement in EDCL-EARP is effective in control over
in EDCL-EARP which confirmed that there is information decisions, and goal setting is effectively in EDCL-EARP
sharing with project stakeholder involvement in EDCL- due to project stakeholder involvement.
EARP, effective intermittent engagement of project

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Table 3. Imaginative statistic results on effective success factors of EDCL-EARP (Electricity Access Roll-
out Project)
Mean Std. Dev.

Effective success influences of EDCL-EARP (Electricity Access Roll-out Project)

EDCL-EARP has satisfied the stakeholders and beneficiaries’ needs; 2.11 .814
1.89 .983
EDCL-EARP meet the project's objectives as required in scheduling the projects;
1.87 .875
EDCL-EARP meet an agreed budget;
2.15 1.021
EDCL-EARP deliver on time while starting and ending time;
2.26 .966
EDCL-EARP add value for infrastructure needed in these areas;
1.66 .788
EDCL-EARP meet quality requirements;
2.21 1.250
EDCL-EARP has intelligence of professional satisfaction for the team;
1.96 .999
The idea of team satisfaction remains something in EDCL-EARP that is rarely
raised;
2.06 1.071
EDCL-EARP has satisfied stakeholders;
2.06 1.071
EDCL-EARP meets the project's objectives/requirements;
1.83 .916
EDCL-EARP meet an agreed budget;
2.23 .840
EDCL-EARP is delivered on time;
2.17 1.257
EDCL-EARP meet with beneficiaries satisfaction,
2.15 1.063
There is a professional satisfaction for the team in EDCL-EARP.
Overall Average 2.043 0.993

Source: Primary Data, Field results (March, 2021)

Overall average results on effective success factors of standard deviation of 0.993 heterogeneity of responses in
EDCL-EARP (Electricity Access Roll-out Project) EDCL-EARP.
confirmed on 2.043 of average mean and average rate

Table 4. Descriptive statistic results on relationship between communication strategies and success of EDCL-EARP
(Electricity Access Roll-out Project)
Mean Std. Dev.

Relationship between communication strategies and success of EDCL-EARP

Open meeting between employees help to discuss and take decision led to project
2.26 1.132
success of EDCL-EARP,
Presenting feedback enhance stakeholder satisfaction as a lead of project success; 2.13 .992
Talk one-on-one of employee is effective communication that help to meet quality 2.02 .642
requirements on agreed budget of project successful;
Training employees help to meet project's objectives/requirements; 1.94 1.051
Using emails is way of managing time delivery to project success; 1.64 .965
Personal presentation is usefully professional satisfaction for the team in the project 1.96 .721
Overall Average 1.991 0.917
Source: Primary Data, Field results (2021)
Overall average results on relationship between 0.917 heterogeneity of responses in EDCL-EARP. The
communication strategies and success of EDCL-EARP results above was supported by below correlation test
(Electricity Access Roll-out Project) show average results and regression analysis test.
despicable of 1.991; and average normal deviation of

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ISSN ''2789-374X (print)" "2789-3758 (online)
Table 5. Overall correlation Coefficient between communication strategies and success of EDCL-EARP (Electricity
Access Roll-out Project)
Project communication strategies Project success of EDCL-EARP
employed by EDCL-EARP (Electricity Access Roll-out Project)
Project communication Pearson Correlation 1 .478**
strategies employed by EDCL- Sig. (2-tailed) .001
EARP N 47 47
Project success of EDCL- Pearson Correlation .478** 1
EARP (Electricity Access Roll- Sig. (2-tailed) .001
out Project) N 47 47
**. Correlation is important at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Findings indicated the p-value equals 0.001 which is less moderate correlation on project success of EDCL-EARP
than 0.01. This an indicator of relationship between (Electricity Access Roll-out Project). This leads to confirm
Project communication strategies employed by EDCL- that there is significant relationship between Project
EARP and Project success of EDCL-EARP (Electricity communication strategies employed by EDCL-EARP and
Access Roll-out Project). Correlation coefficient test show Project success of EDCL-EARP (Electricity Access Roll-
the relationship of 0.478** categorized as positive and out Project).

Table 6. Model Summaryb

Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate
a
1 .478 .229 .211 4.675
a. Predictors: (Constant), Project communication strategies employed by EDCL-EARP
b. Dependent Variable: Project success of EDCL-EARP (Electricity Access Roll-out Project)

The results in table 6 indicates that Adj. R2= 0.211 means that 79.9% of Project success of EDCL-EARP
representing 21.1% change from Project success of (Electricity Access Roll-out Project) come from other
EDCL-EARP (Electricity Access Roll-out Project). This variables that are not included in Model of this research.

Table 7. ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Regression 291.384 1 291.384 13.332 .001b
1 Residual 983.516 45 21.856
Total 1274.900 46
a. Dependent Variable: Project success of EDCL-EARP (Electricity Access Roll-out Project)
b. Predictors: (Constant), Project communication strategies employed by EDCL-EARP

The results from table 7 indicated that the F-test= 13.332 (Electricity Access Roll-out Project). However, the
and p-value =.001. This implies that independent variable findings help to confirm that there are significant effects
is jointly significant. Therefore, we have rejected H01 of effective communication on the project success in
which states that there are no effects of effective EDCL-EARP (Electricity Access Roll-out Project).
communication on the project success in EDCL-EARP
Table 8. Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig.
B Std. Error Beta
(Constant) 14.342 3.454 4.152 .000
1 Project communication strategies
.503 .138 .478 3.651 .001
employed by EDCL-EARP
a. Dependent Variable: Project success of EDCL-EARP (Electricity Access Roll-out Project)

The results from Table 8 indicated that project EARP (Electricity Access Roll-out Project) (β1= -.478, t=
communication strategies employed by EDCL-EARP has 3.651; p-value= .001 ≤ 0.01).
positive and significant effect on project success of EDCL-

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ISSN ''2789-374X (print)" "2789-3758 (online)
Table 9. Descriptive statistic results on effects of effective communication strategies with stakeholders on the project
success in EDCL-EARP
Effects of effective communication strategies with stakeholders on the project Mean Std. Dev.
success in EDCL-EARP
The passive participation of stakeholders influences project success of EDCL-EARP, 2.00 1.042
Interactive participation of stakeholders helps project success of EDCL-EARP; 1.93 .941
The functional participation among stakeholders stimulates project success of EDCL- 1.93 1.008
EARP;
Optimal participation among stakeholders lead to project success and sustainability of 2.31 .694
EDCL-EARP;
Stakeholder’s participation lead to project success of EDCL-EARP; 1.89 .914
Overall Average 2.012 0.919
Source: Primary Data, Field results (2021)
Overall average results on effects of effective EARP. These results were maintained by regression
communication strategies with stakeholders on the project analysis test between project stakeholder involvement at
success in EDCL-EARP show average mean of 2.012; and EDCL-EARP and Project success of EDCL-EARP
average standard deviation of 0.919of responses in EDCL- (Electricity Access Roll-out Project) presented in table 11.

Table 10. Correlation coefficient between effective communication strategies with stakeholders and the project
success in EDCL-EARP
Project success of EDCL-EARP Project stakeholder
(Electricity Access Roll-out Project) involvement at EDCL-EARP
Project success of EDCL-EARP Pearson Correlation 1 . 436**
(Electricity Access Roll-out Sig. (2-tailed) .002
Project) N 47 47
Pearson Correlation .436** 1
Project stakeholder involvement
at EDCL-EARP
Sig. (2-tailed) .002
N 47 47
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Findings on table 10 indicated the p-value equals .002 moderate correlation on project success of EDCL-EARP
which is less than 0.01. This an indicator of relationship (Electricity Access Roll-out Project). This leads to confirm
between Project stakeholder involvement at EDCL-EARP that there is significant relationship between Project
and Project success of EDCL-EARP (Electricity Access stakeholder involvement at EDCL-EARP and Project
Roll-out Project). Correlation coefficient test show the success of EDCL-EARP (Electricity Access Roll-out
relationship of 0.436**categorized as positive and Project).

Table 11. Model Summaryb

Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate
1 .436a .190 .172 4.789
a. Predictors: (Constant), Project stakeholder involvement at EDCL-EARP
b. Dependent Variable: Project success of EDCL-EARP (Electricity Access Roll-out Project)

The results in table 11 indicates that Adj. R2= 0.172 that 82.8% of project success of EDCL-EARP (Electricity
representing 17.2% change from project success of EDCL- Access Roll-out Project) come from other variables that
EARP (Electricity Access Roll-out Project). This means are not included in Model of this research.
Table 12. ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Regression 242.732 1 242.732 10.583 .002b
1 Residual 1032.168 45 22.937
Total 1274.900 46
a. Dependent Variable: Project success of EDCL-EARP (Electricity Access Roll-out Project)
b. Predictors: (Constant), Project stakeholder involvement at EDCL-EARP

The results from table 12 indicated that the F-test= 10.583 is jointly significant on Project success of EDCL-EARP
and p-value =.002. This implies that independent 2variable (Electricity Access Roll-out Project). We failed to accept
Brainae Journal of Business, Sciences and Technology
ISSN ''2789-374X (print)" "2789-3758 (online)
Ho2 stated that there are no significant effects of effective effects of effective communication strategies with
communication strategies with stakeholders on the project stakeholders on the project success in EDCL-EARP
success in EDCL-EARP (Electricity Access Roll-out (Electricity Access Roll-out Project).
Project). According to the results, there are significant

Table 13. Coefficientsa

Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig.
B Std. Error Beta
(Constant) 19.393 2.354 8.238 .000
1 Project stakeholder involvement at
1.096 .337 .436 3.253 .002
EDCL-EARP
a. Dependent Variable: Project success of EDCL-EARP (Electricity Access Roll-out Project)

The results from Table 13 indicated that project (Electricity Access Roll-out Project) (β2= 0.436, t= 3.253;
stakeholder involvement at EDCL-EARP has positive and p-value= .002 ≤ 0.01).
significant effect on project success of EDCL-EARP

8. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

As Conclusion, effective communication mentions the As for recommendations; the following recommendation
process of sharing information between two or more should be helpful for the future improvements of EDCL,
objects which lead to the desired results. The information where they are guided to create a knowledgeable and
shared remains transported and received efficiently supportive staff that comprehend the rationale for reform
deprived of the intended meaning being one-sided or greatly to improve the chances of project success using
changed. effective communication platforms.
Therefore, the communications approaches used for Communication remains an investment for every
effective communication remain the open meetings, use organization because it needs budget, they should plan and
emails, talk one-on-one, training, information visually, implement it because even though they take the
personal presentation, and presenting feedback. Deprived experienced professionals, they need also strong
of communication plans in the project management can communication between them to enhance their projects
lead to the failure of achieving projects goals. success.
According to the findings from EDCL-EARP (Electricity Based on the results from the present study, the following
Access Roll-out Project), they resolved that there remains suggestions can be provided for future studies: a) Broaden
a significant relationship between project communication the study to a larger number of companies in the energy
strategies working in project’s activities and its success; sector to compare the management of these organizations;
there is the relationship between project communication b) Regarding a project's lifecycle, prioritize and analyze
strategies within project stakeholder involvement and the communication factors at each project phase; c) It is
project success of EDCL-EARP (Electricity Access Roll- also recommended that company maturity level be studied
out Project). in more detail to identify whether the level of maturity has
An additional to that the study has achieved the set any influence on the prioritization and correlation of
objectives, answered the research questions, the problem project success factors and general effectiveness and
of the study was resolved by saying that there is greater efficiency in project management.
impact of effective communication on the project success
in Rwanda.

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