ELE5211: Advanced Topics in CE

Module Three (B)

Multimedia Technology
(Colour Science)

Tutor: Hassan A. Bashir 1

The Physics of Colour

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Visible Light Spectrum

Visible light is an
electromagnetic
wave in the range
400 nm to 700 nm

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The Spectrum of Visible Light

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Human Vision

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 Human Response to Colour
(Spectral Sensitivity of the Eye)

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 Human Response to Colour
Spectral Sensitivity of the Eye

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 Human Response to Colour
Spectral Sensitivity of the Eye

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 Human Response to Colour
Spectral Sensitivity of the Eye

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Camera System

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Image Formation

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Image Formation

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Image Formation

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Colour Models

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RGB Colour Models

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RGB Colour Models

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CMY Colour Models

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Transformation from RGB to CMY

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 Difference Between RGB And CMYK
Comparison RGB CMYK
Basis
Main Color Main colors are Red, Green and Main colors are Cyan, Magenta,
Blue. Yellow and Key or Black.
Description RGB color model is referred to as CMYK is a subtractive model where
additive model because these we begin with the white sheet of
colors produce a brighter outcome paper and for getting the dark result;
when added with light. you need to add more ink to it.
Application The RGB model is mainly CMYK is mainly used in printing
implemented in the display works.
monitors for generating various
colors.
Colour In the RGB model, the light is used In CMYK model, ink is used in
Intensity for changing the produced color altering the color intensity.
intensity.
Effect By adding the RGB colors, the The addition of CMYK colors
white color is generated. produces a black color. 19
 Difference Between RGB And CMYK
Comparison RGB CMYK
Basis
Model It is an Additive model. It is a subtractive model.

File Size The RGB model helps in operating The model consumes less memory
the tasks at a higher speed and space (file size is smaller) but not as
consumes less memory space (file RGB.
size is smaller) as compared to the
CMYK model.
Yellow Colour Yellow color is produced by The yellow color is generated due to
Generation combining red and green light. subtraction of blue color from the
white light
Colour When 100% of each color is mixed Blending 100% of each color in the
Intensity together, it creates white light. CMYK color model produces black,
When 0% of each color is while 0% of each color results in
combined, no light is generated, white.
creating black. 20
 HSB (or HSV) Colour Models
The HSV color model describes:
 colors (Hue) in terms of their:
 shade (saturation or amount of gray) and
 brightness (value).

HSV is the most accurate color model as long as the way

humans perceive colors.

How humans perceive colors is not like how RGB or CMYK

make colors. They are just primary colors fused to create
the spectrum.
 HSV model is used in histogram equalization and converting
grayscale images to RGB colour images. 21
HSB (or HSV) Colour Models

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HSB Colour Models

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Colour Models in Computer

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Gamma Correction

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Gamma Correction

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Colour Models in Video

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YUV Colour Model

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YUV Colour Model

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 YIQ Colour Model
YIQ is the most widely colour model used in Television
broadcasting.
 Y stands for luminance part and
 IQ stands for chrominance part.

In the black and white television, only the luminance part

(Y) was broadcast.

The Y value is similar to the grayscale part. The colour

information is represented by the IQ part.

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 YIQ Colour Model
YIQ model is used in the conversion of grayscale images
to RGB colour images.

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YIQ Colour Model

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YIQ Colour Model

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YCbCr Colour Model

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YCbCr Colour Model

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