Singapore and Asian

Schools Math Olympiad

(SASMO)

2016

Primary 4

Authors: Merlan Nagidulin

Henry Ong
Rosa Anajao
Pang Zheng Rui

Consultant: Dr Joseph Yeo (NIE)

© Singapore International Math Contests Centre (SIMCC)

All Rights Reserved

No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopying and recording, or by any information or retrieval system, without the prior permission of the publisher.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Message from Executive Director ..................................................................... 1

Competition Format and Prizes ........................................................................ 3

Introduction ...................................................................................................... 5

Problem Solving Procedure ................................................................................................................... 7

Problem Solving Strategies ................................................................................................................... 9

SASMO 2016 Primary 4 Contest ..................................................................... 11

Solutions to SASMO 2016 Primary 4 .............................................................. 26

 Message from Executive Director

Dear students, parents and teachers,

I am gratified to see more of our students gain direct admission into top schools by
August this year and their joy and reduced stress certainly made their preparation for
DSA worthwhile. Now is also the time to start your children/students as they prepare for
DSA, not only for Secondary 1, but also for Secondary 3 as well as Junior College or
polytechnic.
Besides the 2016 questions published in this booklet with detailed solutions, we are
continuously improving SASMO.
1. SASMO 2017 Results will be out on May 1-3 on SASMO Website.
2. More countries participating in SASMO, new additions are Laos, Nepal and United
Arab Emirates. We now have partners in over 18 countries.
3. On July 15, 2017, we will be running our Singapore International Math Olympiad
Challenge (SIMOC) which will include a Math Olympiad contest, mathematics games
and Mind Sports Challenge run on individual and team basis. This will bring out the
best of Singapore Mathematics with manipulatives and games used in Singapore
schools as part of our sharing of Singapore’s Mathematics success. Entry into SIMOC
is by invitation only.
4. We invite teachers from Singapore and the region to join us, as we conduct research
into our own brand of Singapore Mathematics Olympiad and inspiring students to
accelerate learning with manipulatives. We are adding technology to enhance our
question bank database and question setting with software developed for the
International Mathematics Olympiad (IMO).
5. We will be offering more analytics for students to review their performance with
reports.

I am glad that SASMO is making a difference for students in Singapore and elsewhere
around the world as we expand to more countries. We have been invited by World
Mathematics Team Championships, World Mathematics Invitational (WMI) and BEBRAS
to run more international Math and Computational thinking competitions.

1
We look forward to working with your children and students as they start to realize and
achieve their potential.

Thank you.
Yours Sincerely,

Henry Ong
Executive Director

2
 Competition Format and Prizes

SASMO is devoted and dedicated to bringing a love for Mathematics to students. Unlike
most Math Olympiad Competitions, SASMO caters not only to students in the top 5% but
to the top 40% instead. It aims to arouse students’ interest and enthusiasm for
mathematical problem solving, develop mathematical intuition, reasoning and logical
thinking, as well as creative and critical thinking. In addition, this can help improve the
students’ math grades because they can apply problem-solving strategies learnt during
the training to their daily school mathematics.

History:
Created in 2006, SASMO is one of the largest Math Olympiads in the Asian region. We
have expanded the competition to provide an International platform for students from
Primary 2 to Secondary 4, with differentiated contest papers for every level.
SASMO awards medals and certificates to the top 40% of participants.

Contest:
School Candidates
The Contest will be held in your school and no travelling is required.
Individual candidates
The Contest will be held in a school.

Format:
Primary 4:
Section A – 15 Multiple Choice Questions
(2 points for correct answer, 0 points for unanswered question, penalty point (deduct 1
point) for wrong answer)
Section B – 10 Open-ended Questions
(4 points for correct answer, No penalty point for wrong answer)
Total 85 points. To avoid negative scores, each student begins with 15 points

3
Calculators are not permitted
When a problem introduces a more advanced concept, all necessary definitions are
included.

Awards:
Each participant receives a Certificate of Participation or an award certificate for winners
below.
Each of the top 8%, 12% and 20% of all participants receives a Gold, Silver or Bronze
medal and certificate respectively.
Each student who achieves a Perfect Score of 85 points receives a Perfect Score
certificate, Gold medal and $100.

4
 Introduction
For Students Taking the Math Olympiad Challenge

Congratulations. You have embarked on a journey of scholarship. Competitions like

SASMO open many doors for you. Firstly, you learn new and interesting approaches to
problem-solving and also new topics. Next, you will meet talented students from other
schools as you attend training and competitions. You build your endurance to “puzzle”
out challenging problems and build your reputation as a problem solver. Finally, you
will be exposed to various international competitions and scholarship opportunities.
Here in Singapore, you increase your chances of getting into a top school via Direct
School Admissions (DSA) and entry into the Gifted Education Programme as you
compete regularly in high level competitions.

This book is written for the participants in the Singapore and Asian Schools Math
Olympiads (SASMO). It helps students to prepare well for the contest and also develop
higher-order thinking. All problems are designed to help students develop the ability to
think mathematically, rather than to teach more advanced or unusual topics. The fun is
in how you can see patterns and ways of solving each problem in non-technical ways
even though you have not learnt the topic yet!

In addition to the contest problems, the reader is provided with a list of familiar
mathematical terms, as well as a review of some of the topics that are likely to be
tested in the Olympiad. The book also contains some solved examples to provide
different problem-solving techniques, and to familiarize the participant with different
types of Olympiad questions. It is advised that the reader spends appropriate time
studying these questions and solutions, as they will assist in tackling actual Olympiad
problems.

5
How to Use This Book: Practice daily for 15 minutes per hour rather 4 hours of learning
once a month. Your mind needs to absorb each new thought, and constant practice
allows frequent review of previously learned concepts and skills. Together, you can
remember many new problem solving approaches. Try to spend 10 or 15 minutes daily
doing two or three problems. This approach should help you minimize the time needed
to develop the ability to think mathematically.

Whether you solve a problem quickly or you are confused, it is worth studying the
solutions in this book, because often they offer unexpected insights that can help you
understand the problem more fully. After you have invested time – trying to solve each
problem any way you can, reviewing our solutions is very effective. Many of the
problems in this book can be solved in more than one way. There is always a single
answer, but there can be many paths to that answer. Once you solve a problem, go
back and see if you can solve it by another method. Then check our solutions to see if
any of them differ from yours.

Enjoy working on these challenges and you will soon be in a different league from your
peers who have not taken any international competition. We look forward to inviting
you if you are a bronze, silver, gold or perfect score medallist for further training as well
as to compete in Singapore International Math Olympiad Challenge (SIMOC) to be held
in July 2017.

6
 Problem Solving Procedure

You may go through several phases when solving a problem such as trying to
understand the problem, working on a specific approach (planning and attempting),
getting stuck and trying to get unstuck, critically examining solutions or communicating.
The work may involve going back and forth between these different phases of problem
solving.

In solving any problem, it helps to have a working procedure. You might want to
consider this four-step procedure: Understand, Plan, Try It, and Look Back.

Understand
Before you can solve a problem, you must first understand it. Read and re-read the
problem carefully to find all the clues and determine what the question is asking you to
find.
What is the unknown?
What is the data?
What is the condition?

Plan
Once you understand the question and the clues, it's time to use your previous
experience with similar problems to look for strategies and tools to answer the
question.
Do you know a related problem?
Look at the unknown! And try to think of a familiar problem having the same or a
similar unknown?

Try It
After deciding on a plan, you should try it and see what answer you come up with.
Can you see clearly that the steps are correct?
But can you also prove that the steps are correct?

7
Are you feeling stuck?
Many different approaches can be tried to get unstuck. One approach is to try working
a simpler version of the problem, and use the solution to the problem to get insights
that are useful in solving the original problem. In the next chapter, we show some
common solving approaches.

If you are discouraged after a few failed attempts, read this quote from the famous
scientist, Thomas Edison. An assistant asked, "Why are you wasting your time and
money? We have had failure after failure, almost a thousand of them. Why do you
continue to pursue this impossible task?" Edison said, "We haven't had a thousand
failures, we've just discovered a thousand ways to not invent the electric bulb."

Look Back
Once you've tried it and found an answer, go back to the problem and see if you've
really answered the question. Sometimes it's easy to overlook something. If you missed
something check your plan and try the problem again.
Can you check the result?
Can you check the argument?
Can you derive the result differently?
Can you see it at a glance?

8
 Problem Solving Strategies

1. Change the representation

Using a wrong representation may make a problem impossible to solve.

Strategies of changing representation include drawing a picture and acting it out.

DRAW A PICTURE: By drawing a picture, and visualizing the problem information

using it, you will have a clearer understanding of the problem and it will help you to
come up an approach to solve the problem that you might not be able to see otherwise.

ACT IT OUT: We are better at thinking in terms of concrete objects and situations than
in terms of abstract concepts. If we can act out the situation described in a word
problem, we are able to understand the problem better and we may be able to come up
with a problem solution. To do this, we need to use real materials that are easily
available to us. Examples can be pencils, coins and other objects we have in the
classroom.

2. Make an Organized List or a Table

ORGANIZED LIST: Making an organized list allows you to clearly examine data. It can
help you in ensuring that you are looking at all the relevant information. It will also
allow you to see patterns in the data easily and to come to correct conclusions.

MAKE A TABLE: Making a table allows you to clearly examine data. It can help you in
ensuring that you are looking at all the relevant information. It will also allow you to
see patterns in the data easily and to come to correct conclusions.

9
3. Create a Simpler Problem

Sometimes we are not able to solve the problem as it is stated, but we are able to solve
a similar problem that is similar in some way. For example, the simpler problem may
use simpler numbers. Once we solve one or more simpler problems, we may
understand the approach that can be used to solve the problems of similar type and
may be able to solve the problem that has been given to us.

4. Use Logical Reasoning

Logical reasoning is useful in mathematics problems in various ways. It can be used to

eliminate incorrect choices. It can also sometimes be used to conclude the answer
directly.

5. Guess and Check

"Guess and Check" strategy can be used on many problems. If the number of possible
answers is small, one can use this strategy to come up with the answer very quickly. In
some other cases where the number of possible answers is not small, one may still be
able to make intelligent guesses and come up with the answer.

6. Working Backwards

Sometimes, it is easier to start with information at the end of the problem and work
backwards to the beginning of the problem than the other way around.

10
 Division
Singapore and Asian
P4 Schools Math Olympiad
2016

Full Name:

Index Number:

Class:
School:
SASMO 2016 Primary 4 Contest

INSTRUCTIONS
1. Please DO NOT OPEN the contest booklet until the Proctor has given permission to
start.

2. TIME: 1 hour 30 minutes.

3. Attempt all 25 questions.

Questions 1 to 15 score 2 points each, no points are deducted for unanswered
question and 1 point is deducted for wrong answer.
Questions 16 to 25 score 4 points each. No points are deducted for unanswered or
wrong answers.

4. Shade your answers neatly using a pencil in the answer sheet.

5. PROCTORING: No one may help any student in any way during the contest.

6. No electronic devices capable of storing and displaying visual information is

allowed during the course of the exam.

7. Strictly No Calculators are allowed into the exam.

8. All students must fill and shade in their Name, Index number, Class and School in
the answer sheet and contest booklet.

9. MINIMUM TIME: Students must stay in the exam hall at least 1h 15 min.

10. Students must show detailed working and transfer answers to the answer sheet.

11. No exam papers and written notes can be taken out by any contestant.

11
SASMO 2016, Primary 4 Contest
SASMO 2016 Primary 4 [15 MCQ + 10 non-MCQ = 25 Q]
Section A (Correct answer – 2 points| No answer – 0 points| Incorrect answer – minus 1 point)

1. Find the following sum

16 + 15 + 14 + 13 + ⋯ + 2 + 1 + 0 + 1 + 2 + ⋯ + 15 + 16

A. 95
B. 122
C. 136
D. 272
E. None of the above

2. If the day before yesterday was Sunday. How many days are there from today until
Saturday? (For example, Monday to Wednesday is counted as two days)

A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
E. 6

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SASMO 2016, Primary 4 Contest

3. It is given that 33 = 3×3×3 = 27. What is the last digit of 27 ?

A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 8
E. 0

4. There is a 21-metre-long road in front of a school. The principal is going to decorate

the road by planting some trees. He plants a tree every 3.5 metres along the road,
including the two ends. How many trees will be planted?

A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7
E. None of the above

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SASMO 2016, Primary 4 Contest

5. Find the next number in the sequence below

4, 9, 19, 39, 79, ?

A. 99
B. 119
C. 134
D. 139
E. 159

6. It takes 20 minutes to saw a piece of wood into 5 pieces. A cut is made as shown in
the picture. How long does it take to saw the piece of wood into 10 pieces?

A. 40 minutes
B. 42 minutes
C. 44 minutes
D. 45 minutes
E. None of the above

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SASMO 2016, Primary 4 Contest

7. Nancy and Vivian each drew a rectangle. Nancy’s rectangle has a perimeter of 88 cm.
Vivian’s rectangle is 6 cm shorter and 10 cm wider than Nancy’s. What is the perimeter
of Vivian’s rectangle?

A. 82
B. 92
C. 96
D. 98
E. 108

8. In a magic show, the magician placed 3 cards on the table, as shown below. Each
card has a math symbol on one side and a number on the other side.

+ 𝟒 𝟗

After showing the cards, he flipped over some (maybe all) of the cards and rearranged
them. The new arrangement of the cards is shown below.

𝟒 ÷ 𝟏

What number is on the other side of the card with symbol ‘÷’?

A. 0
B. 1
C. 9
D. 4
E. None of the above

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SASMO 2016, Primary 4 Contest

9. Tom makes the rectangle below with 10 gumdrops and 10 toothpicks.

Afterwards, Tom makes another rectangle using 44 gumdrops. The long side of the new
rectangle has twice as many gumdrops as the short side. How many gumdrops are on
the short side of the new rectangle?

A. 6
B. 7
C. 8
D. 9
E. None of the above

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SASMO 2016, Primary 4 Contest

10. The large cube in the figure below is formed by 27 small cubes. The surface of the
cube was painted red. How many small cubes have only one side painted?

A. 6
B. 7
C. 8
D. 9
E. None of the above

11. An odd number between 200 and 241 can be divided by both 3 and 7. What is that
number?

A. 210
B. 240
C. 231
D. 233
E. 235

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SASMO 2016, Primary 4 Contest

12. How many squares are there in the diagram on the right?

A. 14
B. 15
C. 16
D. 17
E. 18

13. Find 𝑃 in the sequence below.

21,51,81,12,42, 𝑃

A. 36
B. 53
C. 63
D. 72
E. None of the above

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SASMO 2016, Primary 4 Contest

14. The sum of the numbers in each diagonal and column is 38. What is the value of
‘X’?

A. 2
B. 6
C. 11
D. 14
X
E. 19

15. Which of the following dice can be formed by folding the figure
on the right?

A. B. C. D.

E. None of the above

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 SASMO 2016, Primary 4 Contest
Section B (Correct answer – 4 points| Incorrect or No answer – 0 points)

16. 4 chickens can lay 4 eggs in 4 days. How many chickens are needed to get 100
eggs in 100 days?

17. In the figure below, find the area of the shaded region.
1 cm

1 cm

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SASMO 2016, Primary 4 Contest

18. Susan, Lina, Michelle and Winnie are comparing their weight.

Susan: I am the lightest.

Lina: I am not as light as Susan but someone is heavier than me.
Michelle: I am not as heavy as Lina but someone is lighter than me.
Winnie: I am the heaviest.

If one of them is lying, rank their weights starting with the lightest?

19. A soccer team is made up of strikers, defenders and midfielders. 19 players are
3
defenders, 9 players are strikers and of the entire soccer team are midfielders. What is
7

the total number of soccer players on the team?

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SASMO 2016, Primary 4 Contest

20. The bar chart below shows the number of cars sold in Town A in the first half of
2015. All the horizontal lines are equally spaced. The month with the highest number of
cars sold and the month with the lowest number of cars sold differ by 60 cars. How
many cars were sold in June?
Number of cars

0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Month

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SASMO 2016, Primary 4 Contest

21. The large rectangle below is made up of 5 identical rectangles. Given that the
perimeter of the small rectangle is 90 cm, what is the perimeter of the large rectangle?

22. 2 squares and 2 lines are drawn on a paper. What is the greatest number of points
of intersections that can be formed?

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SASMO 2016, Primary 4 Contest

23. The grid below is called a magic square. It is to be filled with the numbers from 1 to
9. The numbers in every row, column, and diagonal add up to the same number. Two of
the numbers are already given. What is the sum of the numbers in the four corners of
the 3 by 3 grid?

9 1

24. Ben wrote numbers from 1 to 100 on the whiteboard. Afterwards, he erased all the
digits ‘3’. How many digits were left on the whiteboard?

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SASMO 2016, Primary 4 Contest

25. In the following, all the different letters stand for different digits. Find the sum of B
and D.

A B C

× 9

C D A

End of Paper
25
SASMO 2016, Primary 4 Contest
Solutions to SASMO 2016 Primary 4
Section A (Correct answer – 2 points| No answer – 0 points| Incorrect answer – minus 1 point)
Question 1
1 + 2 + ⋯ + 15 + 16
= (1 + 16) + (2 + 15) + (3 + 14) + ⋯ + (8 + 9)
= 17 + 17 + ⋯ + 17 (8 of them)
= 8×17
= 136
Then,
16 + 15 + 14 + 13 + ⋯ + 2 + 1 + 0 + 1 + 2 + ⋯ + 15 + 16
= 2×136 = 𝟐𝟕𝟐.

Question 2
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

The day
before Yesterday Today
yesterday

Given that the day before yesterday was Sunday, then yesterday was Monday and today
is Tuesday. There are 4 days from Tuesday to Saturday.

Question 3
Method 1:
By direct calculation,
27 = ⏟
2×2× …×2 = 128.
7 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠

The last digit of 128 is 8.

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SASMO 2016, Primary 4 Contest
Method 2:
Observe that:
Number Last Digit

21 = 2 2

22 = 2×2 = 4 4

23 = 2×2×2 = 8 8

24 = 2×2×2×2 = 16 6

25 = 2×2×2×2×2 = 32 2

Notice that the pattern for last digit is 2, 4, 8, 6 (26 will have a last digit of 4). The
pattern repeats every cycle of 4. Since 7 ÷ 4 = 1 𝑅𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 3, then the last digit of 27
is the 3rd number in the pattern, which is 8.

Question 4
For every 3.5 metres, a tree is planted. So, there are 21 ÷ 3.5 = 6 trees. Including the
first tree that he plants in the beginning of the road, there are 7 trees planted altogether.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
3.5 m 3.5 m 3.5 m 3.5 m 3.5 m 3.5 m

Question 5
Method 1:
The pattern is as follows:
×2+1 ×2+1 ×2+1 ×2+1 ×2+1
4→ 9→ 19 → 39 → 79 → 159
Method 2:
The pattern is as follows:
+5 +10 +20 +40 +80
4→ 9→ 19 → 39 → 79 → 159
The next number in the sequence is 159.

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SASMO 2016, Primary 4 Contest

Question 6
To cut a wood into 5 pieces, it takes 4 cuts. So, each cut takes 20 ÷ 4 = 5 minutes.
To cut a wood into 10 pieces, it takes 9 cuts. To make 9 cuts, it takes 5×9 = 𝟒𝟓
minutes.

Question 7
A rectangle has 2 lengths and 2 widths. It is given that Vivian’s rectangle is 6 cm
shorter and 10 cm wider than Nancy’s rectangle. Therefore, the perimeter is 88 − 6 −
6 + 10 + 10 = 𝟗𝟔 cm.

Question 8
Since there are only 3 cards, then there are only 3 numbers. All three numbers (1, 4
and 9) are shown on two diagrams in the question. The number behind ′ ÷ ′ is 9.

Question 9
Using Model Method, let the number of gumdrops on short side be 1 unit:
Gumdrops on short side: 1 Unit
Gumdrops on long side: 1 Unit 1 Unit
Each gumdrop at the 4 corners is counted twice. Then,
44 + 4 = 48 = 2 units + 1 unit + 2 units + 1 unit.
48 = 6 units,
1 unit = 48 ÷ 6, so 1 unit = 8.
Therefore, there are 8 gumdrops on the short side.

Question 10
Only the centre cube of each face has one side painted. Hence
there are 6 cubes that have only one side painted.

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SASMO 2016, Primary 4 Contest

Question 11
If a number is divisible by both 3 and 7, then it is divisible by 3×7 = 21. The multiples of
21 that are between 200 and 241 are 210 and 231. Therefore, the answer is 231 since
it is an odd number.

Question 12
Type of 1′ ×1′
1×1 square 2×2 square 2′ ×2′ square
square square Total
number
of
Diagram squares

Number of
7 2 6 2 17
squares

Question 13
The pattern is a simple reversal of the digits of the multiples of 3:
21 → 12
51 → 15
81 → 18
12 → 21
42 → 24
The next multiple of 3 after 24 is 27. Hence the next number in the sequence is 72.

Question 14
Step 1: Since the sum in each diagonal and column is 38, we need to fill 12, 5, 13 and
19 in the highlighted diagonals and column as shown in the Step 1 picture below.
Step 2: Fill 2 in the highlighted column.
Step 3: Fill 4 in the highlighted diagonal.
Step 4: Fill 1.
Step 5: Fill 11.
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SASMO 2016, Primary 4 Contest
Step 6: Fill 6. Therefore X = 𝟔.

Step 1: Step 2: Step 3:

Step 4: Step 5: Step 6:

Question 15
Option A cannot be formed since 3 and 6 are not next to each other.
Option B cannot be formed since 2 and 4 are not next to each other.
Option D cannot be formed since 1 and 5 are not next to each other.
Option C can be formed.

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SASMO 2016, Primary 4 Contest
Section B (Correct answer – 4 points| Incorrect or No answer – 0 points)

Question 16
4 chickens can lay 4 eggs in 4 days.
4 chickens can lay 8 eggs in 8 days.
4 chickens can lay 12 eggs in 12 days.
Thus, 4 chickens can lay 100 eggs in 100 days.

Question 17
Area of the letter ‘S’ is 11 𝑐𝑚2.
Area of the letter ‘A’ is 14 𝑐𝑚2 .
Area of the letter ‘M’ is 14 𝑐𝑚2 .
Area of the letter ‘O’ is 12 𝑐𝑚2 .
Hence the area of the shaded region is 𝟔𝟐 𝒄𝒎𝟐 .

Question 18
Case 1: Susan is lying.
From Lina’s statement: Lina is heavier than Susan and lighter than someone.
From Michelle’s statement: Michelle is lighter than Lina and heavier than someone.
Therefore, Lina is heavier than Michelle and Susan, but she is not the heaviest, i.e. she
is second heaviest person. Since Michelle is heavier than someone, then Susan must be
the lightest which contradicts that Susan is lying. Thus, Case 1 is impossible.
Case 2: Lina is lying.
From Michelle’s statement: Michelle is lighter than Lina and heavier than someone.
Since Susan is the lightest and Winnie is the heaviest, then the rank of them based on
their weights starting from the lightest must be Susan, Michelle, Lina and Winnie.
From this rank, we can see that Lina is telling the truth which contradicts Case 2. Thus,
Case 2 is impossible
Case 3: Michelle is lying.
From Lina’s statement: Lina is heavier than Susan and lighter than someone.
Since Susan is the lightest and Winnie is the heaviest, then the rank of them based on
their weights starting from the lightest must be Susan, Lina, Michelle and Winnie.
Case 4: Winnie is lying.
From Lina’s statement: Lina is heavier than Susan and lighter than someone.
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SASMO 2016, Primary 4 Contest
From Michelle’s statement: Michelle is lighter than Lina and heavier than someone.
Therefore, Lina is heavier than Michelle and Susan. Since Winnie is not the heaviest,
Lina must be the heaviest. But Lina is lighter than someone. Therefore, Case 4 is
impossible.

Question 19

Number of midfielders is 3 units.

Number of soccer players is 7 units.
Hence, number of defenders and strikers is 4 units = 28.
Therefore, 1 unit = 7 players.
Total number of soccer players is 7 units = 7×7 = 49.

Question 20
According to the diagram, there are 1 unit in February and 5 units in April. Since the
difference between April and February is 60 cars, each unit represents 60 ÷ 4 = 15
cars. In June, 3×15 = 𝟒𝟓 cars were sold.

Question 21
From the diagram, we can see that the length of the small rectangle is equal to 4 times
the width of the small rectangle.

Width of small rectangle: 1 Unit

Length of small rectangle: 1 Unit 1 Unit 1 Unit 1 Unit

The perimeter of the small rectangle is equal to 1 + 4 + 1 + 4 = 10 units= 90 cm.

Thus, 1 unit= 90 ÷ 10 = 9 cm.
The perimeter of the large rectangle is 18×9 = 𝟏𝟔𝟐 cm.

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SASMO 2016, Primary 4 Contest

Question 22
The greatest number of points of intersection occurs when
 two squares intersect each other at maximum possible number of points
 2 lines intersect each other and intersect each square at 2 points.

2
1 3 4

5 6
10 11
9
8
7
13
12
14 15 16
17

The greatest number of points of intersection is 17.

Question 23
The sum 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 9 = 45
Therefore, the sum of each row, column and diagonal is 45 ÷ 3 = 15.
1) The numbers in the second row must add up to 15. Hence the
middle number must be 5. 9 5 1

2) The numbers in the first and third column must add

2 6 4 8
up to 15. Therefore, 2 and 4 must be in the first
9 5 1 9 5 1
column; 6 and 8 must be in third column
4 8 2 6

3) Thus, there are two possible fill ups for magic square:

2 7 6 4 3 8
9 5 1 9 5 1
4 3 8 2 7 6

The sum of the numbers in the four corners is 20.

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SASMO 2016, Primary 4 Contest

Question 24
First, let’s count the total number of digits are there from 1 to 100.
Numbers Digits

1-digit number (1-9) 9 9

2-digit number (10-99) 90 180

3-digit number (100) 1 3

Total 192

Then, count the number of digit ‘3’.

Unit digit: 3, 13, 23, 33, …, 93 -> 10 digits
Tens digit: 30, 31, 32, …, 39 -> 10 digits
After erasing all the digits ‘3’, 192 − 20 = 𝟏𝟕𝟐 digits were left.

Question 25
1. Since 𝐴𝐵𝐶×9 is a 3-digit number, then C is 9.
2. By multiplying the ones digit, 𝐶×9 ends with 1, so A is 1.
3. Since 1𝐵9×9 is a 3-digit number, then B can only be 0.
4. 109×9 = 981, so D is 8.
𝑩+𝑫=0+8=𝟖

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