PYTHON TUTORIAL FOR BEGINNERS:::

BASICS
Python Language Introduction
● Python is a widely used general-purpose, high level programming language.
● It was created by Guido van Rossum in 1991 and further developed by the
Python Software Foundation.
● It was designed with an emphasis on code readability, and its syntax allows
programmers to express their concepts in fewer lines of code.
● Python is a programming language that lets you work quickly and integrate
systems more efficiently.
● There are two major Python versions:
1.Python 2 and
2.Python
3. Both are quite different.
¥ Beginning with Python programming:
1)Finding an Interpreter:
● Before we start Python programming, we need to have an interpreter to interpret
and run our programs.
● Windows: There are many interpreters available freely to run Python scripts like
IDLE (Integrated Development Environment) that comes bundled with the Python
software downloaded from http://python.org/.
2) Writing our first program:
#Script begins ----- In Python, comments begin with a #. This statement is
ignored by the interpreter and serves as documentation for our code.
Print(“hello world”) ------To print something on the console, print() function is
used.
#script ends
Output: hello world
¥ Python Language advantages and applications:
● Python is a high level, interpreted and general purpose dynamic programming
language that focuses on code readability.
● It has fewer steps when compared to Java and C.
● It was founded in 1991 by developer Guido Van Rossum.
● It is used in many organizations as it supports multiple programming
paradigms.
● It also performs automatic memory management.
Advantages :
1) Presence of third-party modules
2) Extensive support libraries(NumPy for numerical calculations, Pandas for data
analytics etc)
3) Open source and community development
4) Easy to learn
5) User-friendly data structures
6) High-level language
7) Dynamically typed language(No need to mention data type based on value
assigned, it takes data type)
8) Object-oriented language
9) Portable and Interactive
10) Portable across Operating systems

Applications :
1) GUI based desktop applications(Games, Scientific Applications)
2) Web frameworks and applications
3) Enterprise and Business applications
4) Operating Systems
5) Language Development
6) Prototyping

Organizations using Python :

1) Google(Components of Google spider and Search Engine)
2) Yahoo(Maps)
3) YouTube
4) Mozilla
5) Dropbox
6) Microsoft
7) Cisco
8) Spotify
9) Quora

Python 3 basics:
● Python was developed by Guido van Rossum in the early 1990s and its latest
version is 3.7.1, we can simply call it as Python3.
●Python 3.0 was released in 2008. and is interpreted language i.e it’s not compiled
and the interpreter will check the code line by line.
●This article can used to learn very basics of Python programming language.
●So before moving on further.. let’s do the most popular ‘HelloWorld’ tradition 😛
and hence compare Python’s Syntax with C, C++, Java ( I have taken these 3
because they are most famous and mostly used languages).
Note: Please note that Python for its scope doesn’t depend on the braces ( { } ),
instead it uses indentation for its scope.

Variables and Data Structures:

● In other programming languages like C, C++, and Java, you will need to declare
the type of variables but in Python you don’t need to do that.
● Just type in the variable and when values will be given to it, then it will
automatically know whether the value given would be an int, float, or char or even
a String.
Program:
# Python program to declare variables
myNumber = 3
print(myNumber)
myNumber2 = 4.5
print(myNumber2)
myNumber ="helloworld"
print(myNumber)
Output:
3
4.5
helloworld
● See, how simple is it, just create a variable and assign it any value you want and
then use the print function to print it.
● Python have 4 types of built in Data Structures namely
1.List
2.Dictionary
3.Tuple and
4.Set
● List is the most basic Data Structure in python.
● List is a mutable data structure i.e items can be added to list later after the list
creation.
● It’s like you are going to shop at the local market and made a list of some items
and later on you can add more and more items to the list.
● append() function is used to add data to the list.
Program:
# Python program to illustrate a list
# creates a empty list
nums = []
# appending data in list
nums.append(21)
nums.append(40.5)
nums.append("String")
print(nums)
Output:
[21, 40.5, String]
Comments:
● # is used for single line comment in Python
● """ this is a comment """ is used for multi line comments

Input and Output:

● In this section, we will learn how to take input from the user and hence
manipulate it or simply display it.
● input() function is used to take input from the user.
Program:
# Python program to illustrate
# getting input from user
name = input("Enter your name: ")
# user entered the name 'harssh'
print("hello", name)
Output:
hello harssh
Program:
# Python3 program to get input from user
# accepting integer from the user
# the return type of input() function is string ,
# so we need to convert the input to integer
num1 = int(input("Enter num1: "))
num2 = int(input("Enter num2: "))
num3 = num1 * num2
print("Product is: ", num3)
Output:
Enter num1: 8 Enter num2: 6 ('Product is: ', 48)

Selection:
● Selection in Python is made using the two keywords ‘if’ and ‘elif’ and else
(elseif)
# Python program to illustrate
# selection statement
num1 = 34
if(num1>12):
print("Num1 is good")
elif(num1>35):
print("Num2 is not gooooo....")
else:
print("Num2 is great")
Output:
Num1 is good

Functions:
●You can think of functions like a bunch of code that is intended to do a particular
task in the whole Python script.
● Python used the keyword ‘def’ to define a function.
Syntax:
def function-name(arguments):
#function body
Program:
# Python program to illustrate
# functions
def hello():
print("hello")
print("hello again")
hello()
# calling function
hello()
Output:
hello
hello again
hello
hello again

● Now as we know any program starts from a ‘main’ function…lets create a main
function like in many other programming languages.
Program:
# Python program to illustrate
# function with main
def getInteger():
result = int(input("Enter integer: "))
return result
def Main():
print("Started")
# calling the getInteger function and
# storing its returned value in the output variable
output = getInteger()
print(output)
# now we are required to tell Python
# for 'Main' function existence
if __name__=="__main__":
Main()
Output:
Started
Enter integer: 5

Iteration (Looping):
● As the name suggests it calls repeating things again and again.
● We will use the most popular ‘for’ loop here.
Program:
# Python program to illustrate
# a simple for loop
for step in range(5):
print(step)
Output:
0
1
2
3
4
Modules:
● Python has a very rich module library that has several functions to do many
tasks.
● You can read more about Python’s standard library by Clicking here
● ‘import’ keyword is used to import a particular module into your python code.
● For instance consider the following program.
Program:
# Python program to illustrate
# math module
import math
def Main():
num = -85
# fabs is used to get the absolute
# value of a decimal
num = math.fabs(num)
print(num)
if __name__=="__main__":
Main()
Output:
85.0