Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics

Vol. 11, No. 5, October 2022, pp. 2479~2490

ISSN: 2302-9285, DOI: 10.11591/eei.v11i5.3941  2479

Comparison between boost and positive output super lift Luo

converters to improve the performance of photovoltaic system

Ream Mohammed Jassim, Kadhim H. Hassan, Issa Ahmed Abed

Basrah Engineering Technical College, Southern Technical University, Basrah, Iraq

Article Info ABSTRACT

Article history: Employment DC-DC switching power converters in many different areas
become is very important. In this paper, three different models of the
Received Apr 10, 2022 photovoltaic solar module were proposed in order to designing,
Revised Jul 13, 2022 implementation, and simulated them in MATLAB/Simulink with the boost
Accepted Jul 30, 2022 converter circuit first and then with the positive output super lift Luo
(POSLL) converter circuit again. A comparison was made between the two
circuits, as well as a theoretical and simulation values were made and
Keywords: compared between them (in the same standard conditions) for each of these
selected models. So as to improving solar system performance and clarify
Boost converter the functions played by POSLL in power electronic circuits.
Electrical properties
MATLAB/Simulation
POSLL converter
Photovoltaic solar module This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.

Corresponding Author:
Issa Ahmed Abed
Basrah Engineering Technical College, Southern Technical University
Basrah, Iraq
Email: [email protected]

1. INTRODUCTION
The power that is generated from solar emission is one significant and worthy sources of renewable
energy. This makes it a good option for power because it emits little to no CO 2 and produces clean,
inexhaustible energy [1]. The conversion process of sunlight into electrical power is known as a photovoltaic
(PV) system [2]. The PV system basic device is known as a PV cell. Modules are bigger units that may be
formed by grouping together cells, are then used to create panels or arrays [3]. That are arranged in series-
parallel connections and gives voltage ranging 12 to 48 V [4]. A PV module's output properties are
influenced by radiation from the sun, temperature of a cell, and the voltage output to the PV module [5]. To
process the power from the PV system and to achieved as possible the required voltage, many complicated
applications call for a DC-DC electronic converter [6]. These converters are responsible for dominance the
power flux at grid-linked systems, for tracking the equipment's maximum power point (MPP), and
fundamentally to deal with regulating the average output voltage to the appropriate load voltage. So, it serves
as an interface between PV and a loading [3], same due to the fact that two DCs sources can be powered from
either direction by a DC-DC converter [7]. Many of scientific literature reviows have shown the importance
of using a DC-DC convertes in electronic power circuits. Including them, Hasaneen and Mohammedin [8]
presents examine boost converter equations and suggest design elements and simulation of DC-DC boost
converter. Nath and Pradeep [9] proposed the implementation a type of DC-DC converter is called improved
positive output super-lift Luo converter (IPOSLC) with the solar panel which enhances the positive output
voltage in geometric terms. The major goals for this paper: is to select a three different models of PV solar
module and simulate them in the MATLAB/Simulink program with the boost converter circuit and the
positive output super lift Luo (POSLL) circuit again. The electrical properties, current and voltage (I-V) and

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P-V properties, and design of simulation diagrams for each of these three models were approached. Then, a
comparison has been made between the theoretical and simulation results to the output of voltage and current
(in the same switching frequency and load) for both two converters and a comparison between them, in order
to prove the advantages of POSLL that it enjoys from better performance in electronic power circuits,
increasing the output of voltage, decreasing the ripple in output of voltage and current. The comparison
demonstrated that the POSLL circuit raises the output voltage higher than boost circuit. This paper attends a
summarized introduction to the behavior of two separate power circuits: boost and POSLL converters and
write its basic equations. Section 2 defines boost converter and describe a circuit diagram of it. Section 3
defines POSLL and covers elementary circuit and modes operation. Section 4 show a three proposed solar
PV module models and review the electrical properties of them. Simulation of PV modules proposed with
boost and POSLL converters and simulation results are clarify in detail at sections 5 and 6 respectively. The
end was with conclusion in section 7.

2. THE PROPOSED APPROACH

2.1. Boost converter
Boost converter is a device that works in CICM (continuous input current mode) or DICM
(discontinuous input current mode), and it’s considered a DC-to-DC voltage converter that raises the input
voltage's magnitude to the desired output voltage's magnitude [10], [11]. So, there are two modes that a boost
converter can operate:in a charging mode that occurs when the switch is closed and in discharging mode
which is known when the switch is open [12]. It’s created from rearranged of a three elements switch (S),
inductor (L), and diode (D) of buck converter. It employs: inductor (L), capacitor (C), and at least two
semiconductors’ switches, the diode which acts as a freewheeling diode and MOSFET (metal-oxide-
semiconductor field-effect transistor) [13], [14]. The circuit diagram shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Circuit diagram of a boost converter

2.2. Positive output super lift Luo converter

Luo-converters with super-lift are widely used in power electronic circuits and devices in order to enhance
the solar system's performance, for decrease the drawbacks of the ripples in output voltage and current [15], having
high efficiency, very high voltage boosted about 3 to 4 times, and cheap topology in simple configuration [16]. Luo
converter is working in the voltage lift (VL) technique [17], [18] and executes a voltage exchange from positive input
of voltage to positive output of voltage. This converter's transfer gain rises geometrically and incrementally at each
level [19]. Basically, it contains of two series, the fundamental series and the supplemental series. One switch (S), 𝑛
inductors, 2𝑛 capacitors, and (3𝑛 − 1) diodes makes up the fundamental series, it also has 2 lifts, 4 lift, and 8 lift Luo
converters. supplemental series consist 3 lift, 6 lift, and 12 lift, they also have one switch (S), 𝑛 inductors, 2(𝑛 + 1)
capacitors, and (3𝑛 + 1) diodes [20], [21].

2.3. Elementary circuit of POSLL converter

By raising the voltage transmission gain over time, Super-Lift LUO converters have demonstrated to
be efficient in situations requiring a high output voltage [22]. A POSLL converter usually operates in
continuous conduction mode (CCM) with a positive output terminal voltage.The elementary circuit consist of
a DC voltage (Vin ), inductor (𝐿1 ), capacitors (𝐶1 & 𝐶2 ), freewheeling diodes (𝐷1 & 𝐷2 ), power switch
MOSFET n-channel (S), and resistance (R) [23], [24] as shown in Figure 2.

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Figure 2. Circuit diagram of POSLL converter

2.4. Modes operation

Due to the parallel connection between inductor L and capacitor 𝐶1 , both of which are charged, and
when the switch's ON period (KT), the voltage across capacitor 𝐶1 is charged to Vin [23]. The inductor
current 𝑖𝑙1 will increase with voltage Vin , capacitor 𝐶2 supplies the load. Freewheeling diode 𝐷1 is in
operation and 𝐷2 is Off, as shown in Figure 3(a). The inductor current 𝑖𝑙1 decreases with voltage (Vo-2Vin),
when the switch is in the OF period (1-K) T, and capacitor 𝐶2 charges. Freewheeling diode 𝐷2 is in operation
as shown in Figure 3(b). The ripple of the inductor current 𝑖𝑙1 [25], [26] is:

𝑉𝑖𝑛∗𝐾∗𝑇 𝑉𝑜 −2𝑉𝑖𝑛(1−𝐾)𝑇
∆𝑖𝑙1 = = (1)
𝐿1 𝐿1

the input current 𝑖𝑖𝑛 is equal to:

𝐼(𝑖𝑛−𝑜𝑛) = 𝐼(𝑙1 −𝑜𝑛) + 𝐼(𝐶1 −𝑜𝑛)

𝐼(𝑖𝑛−𝑜𝑓𝑓) = 𝐼(𝑙1 −𝑜𝑓𝑓) = 𝐼(𝐶1 −𝑜𝑓𝑓)

𝐾𝑇𝑖(𝐶1−𝑜𝑛) = (1 − 𝐾)𝑇𝑖(𝐶1 −𝑜𝑓𝑓)

the transfer gains in voltage:

𝑉𝑜 2−𝐾
𝐺= =( ) (2)
𝑉𝑖𝑛 1−𝐾

as a function of the input voltage, the following (3) and (4) the output voltage:

2−𝐾
𝑉𝑜 = ( ) 𝑉𝑖𝑛 (3)
1−𝐾

2𝑉𝑖𝑛−𝑉𝑜
𝐾= (4)
𝑉𝑖𝑛−𝑉𝑜

the inductance 𝐿1 is by:

𝑉𝑜 −2𝑉𝑖𝑛 (1−𝐾)
𝐿1 = ∗ (5)
∆𝑖𝑙1 𝑓𝑠

the same formula yields the capacitances C1 and C2:

(1−𝐾) 𝑉𝑜
𝐶1 = 𝐶2 = ∗ (6)
𝑓𝑠 ∆𝑣𝑜 𝑅𝑜

where R is the resistance. Where: Io is the current of output, ∆𝑖𝑜 the ripple current of inductor (peak-to-peak
current), ∆𝑣𝑜 the ripple in the voltage output and 𝑓𝑠 is the switching frequency.

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(a) (b)

Figure 3. Equivalent circuit for (a) switching-on and (b) switching-off of POSLL converter

3. PROPOSED MODULES OF PV SYSTEMS

The following three models of PV solar module have been proposed with boost and POSLL
converters: i) global solar energy FG-2BTM-82 PV module; ii) Luxor solar solo line 140 M PV module; and
iii) Kyocera solar KC200GT PV module. These models are thin film, mono crystalline, and multi crystalline
types. They were simulated based on its conventional equations and electrical properties of the modules (Isc ,
Voc ), and the input Voltage (Vmax ), by utilization signal generator pulse width modulation (PWM), at
conditions temperature 25 0C, and irradiation 1000 W/m2. The Tables 1-3 show the key electrical properties
for three models at standard conditions.

Table 1. Electrical properties of global solar energy Table 2. Electrical properties of Luxor solar solo
FG-2BTM-82 model line 140 M model
Electrical Properties Values Electrical Properties Values
Current at maximum 𝐼𝑚𝑝 5.3 A Current at maximum 𝐼𝑚𝑝 8.01 A
Voltage at maximum 𝑉𝑚𝑝 15.5 V Voltage at maximum 𝑉𝑚𝑝 17.48 V
The short of circuit current 𝐼𝑠𝑐 6.2 A The short of circuit current 𝐼𝑠𝑐 8.97 A
The open of circuit voltage 𝑉𝑜𝑐 20.9 V The open of circuit voltage 𝑉𝑜𝑐 22.57 V
Power at maximum 82.15 W Power at maximum 140 W
Number of cells per module (Ncell) 36 Number of cells per module (Ncell) 36

Table 3. Electrical properties of Kyocera solar KC200GT model

Electrical Properties Values
Current at maximum 𝐼𝑚𝑝 7.61 A
Voltage at maximum 𝑉𝑚𝑝 26.3 V
The short of circuit current 𝐼𝑠𝑐 8.21 A
The open of circuit voltage 𝑉𝑜𝑐 32.9 V
Power at maximum 200.14 W
Number of cells per module (Ncell) 36

4. SIMULATION OF PV MODULE WITH PROPOSED BOOST AND POSLL CONVERTERS

The design of simulation diagrams of three PV solar module models were implemented using a
MATLAB program in MATLAB/Simulink, which is determines the output of current Io and output of
voltage Vo , as shown in Figures 4-9 for boost and POSLL converter circuits respectively.

Figure 4. Simulation diagram of boost converter at first model

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Figure 5. Simulation diagram of boost converter at second model

Figure 6. Simulation diagram of boost converter at third model

Figure 7. Simulation diagram of POSLL converter at first model

Figure 8. Simulation diagram of POSLL converter at second model

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Figure 9. Simulation diagram of POSLL converter at third model

5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The calculation parameters of boost simulation diagrams were designing theoritically according to its
equations. Also, of POSLL simulation diagrams designing according to equations (1-5), Figures 10-12 show
the output I-V and P-V properties for a three models PV solar module. The ripple current ∆𝐼𝑙 through the
inductor ranging from (20% to 40%) and the output voltage ripple is about (1% to 50%). Then, the values of
the design parameters are shown in the Tables 4 and 5. In order to valditing the Simulink designs and
calculation results computer characteristics (windows 7 HP, Intel(R) Core(TM) i3-2330M processor, installed
memory 4.00 GB RAM SSD, and system type 64-bit operating system) with MATLAB 2016 program are
employed for boost and POSLL simulation diagrams, to drown the output of voltage and current waveforms
for three models in Figures 13-15 with boost circuit, Figures 16-18 with POSLL circuit as shown in:

Figure 10. I-V and P-V properties by reference to voltage at first model

Figure 11. I-V and P-V properties by reference to voltage at second model

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Figure 12. I-V and P-V properties by reference to voltage at third model

Table 4. The design parameters for boost converter at three PV model

Type of PV Model Parameters Theoritical Values Simulation Values
Input voltage 15.5 V 15.5 V
Output voltage 86.11 V 82.37 V
Global Solar Energy Duty cycle 82% 82%
FG-2BTM-82 module Inductor 0.26 mH 0.26 mH
Capacitor1 & Capacitor2 21.9 µF 21.9 µF
Resistive load 75 Ω 75 Ω
Switching frequency 25 KHz 25 KHz
Input voltage 17.48 V 17.48 V
Output voltage 87.4 V 89.1 V
Luxor Solar Solo Duty cycle 80% 80%
Line 140M module Inductor 0.27 mH 0.27 mH
Capacitor1 and Capacitor 2 26.7 µF 26.7 µF
Resistive load 50 Ω 50 Ω
Switching frequency 20 KHz 20 KHz
Input voltage 26.3 V 26.3V
Output voltage 146.11 V 144.9 V
Kyocera Solar Duty cycle 82 % 82%
KC200GT MODUL Inductor 97.1 µH 97.1 µH
Capacitor1 and Capacitor2 4.1 µF 4.1 µF
Resistive load 100 Ω 100 Ω
Switching frequency 100 KHz 100 KHz

Table 5. The design parameters for POSLL converter at three PV models

Type of PV Model Parameters Theoritical Values Simulation Values
Input voltage 15.5 V 15.5 V
Output voltage 93 V 92.15 V
Global Solar Energy Duty cycle 80% 80%
FG-2BTM-82 module Inductor 0.33 mH 0.33 mH
Capacitor1 and Capacitor2 10.67 µF 10.67 µF
Resistive load 75 Ω 75 Ω
Switching frequency 25 KHz 25 KHz
Input voltage 17.48 V 17.48 V
Output voltage 96.9 V 99.94 V
Luxor Solar Solo Duty cycle 78% 78%
Line 140M module Inductor 0.32 mH 0.32 mH
Capacitor1 and Capacitor2 11 µF 11 µF
Resistive load 50 Ω 50 Ω
Switching frequency 20 KHz 20 KHz
Input voltage 26.3 V 26.3 V
Output voltage 157.8 V 159.3 V
Kyocera Solar Duty cycle 80 % 80%
KC200GT MODUL Nductor 0.37 mH 0.37 mH
Capacitor1 and Capacitor2 10 µF 10 µF
Resistive load 100 Ω 100 Ω
Switching frequency 100 KHz 100 KHz

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Figures 13 to 15 also Figures 16to 18 explain the waveforms of: (a) outputs voltage and (b) outputs
current for two circuits, as show above in Table 4 where boost circuit, the outputs of voltage are boosted to a
certain percentage with some ripples of three PV solar module models. While in case the POSLL circuits the
outputs of voltage are raised to a high value with less ripples as shown in Table 5.

(a)

(b)

Figure 13. Simulation waveforms for (a) the output of voltage and (b) the output of current for the boost
circuit at first model

(a)

(b)

Figure 14. Simulation waveforms for (a) the output of voltage and (b) the output of current for the boost
circuit at second model

Bulletin of Electr Eng & Inf, Vol. 11, No. 5, October 2022: 2479-2490
Bulletin of Electr Eng & Inf ISSN: 2302-9285  2487

(a)

(b)

Figure 15. Simulation waveforms for (a) the output of voltage and (b) the output of current for the boost
circuit at third model

(a)

(b)

Figure 16. Simulation waveforms for (a) the output of voltage and (b) the output of current for the POSLL
circuit at first model

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(a)

(b)

Figure 17. Simulation waveforms for (a) the output of voltage and (b) the output of current for the POSLL
circuit at second model

(a)

(b)

Figure 18. Simulation waveforms for (a) the output of voltage and (b) the output of current for the POSLL
circuit at third model

6. CONCLUSION
Photovoltaic models-based boost and POSLL converter circuit diagrams are approached in this
paper. Where three options of solar PV models are proposed and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink with the
boost circuit first and then with the POSLL circuit so as to clarify the comparison between the results to
output of voltage and current for them. The tables for design parameters of the boost and POSLL converters

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at three PV model accentuated a theoretical and simulation values and explain the differences between these
values for the same converter, and then the differences between the two converters. These tables showed:
there are some differences between theoretical and simulation results for two circuits. The POSLL circuit
raises the input voltage about 3 to 4 times its original value, although duty cycle is used fewer in the POSLL
circuit. The simulation waveform appeared the ripples in output of voltage and current was less with the
POSLL circuit than in the boost circuit. Finally, positive output super lift Luo converter has been successfully
analyzed, simulated, and improving the achievement of the photovoltaic system.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Thank you to everyone at Southern Technical University who helped us finish this work.

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BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS

Ream Mohammed Jassim received her BSc. in Department of Electrical

Engineering, University of Misan, Iraq in 2016. Currently, she is M.Sc. student in Department
of Electrical Power Technologies Engineering, specialization Control and Systems in Basrah
Engineering Technical College, Southern Technical University, Iraq. Her areas of interest
involved solar energy and artificial intelligence. She can be contacted at email:
[email protected].

Kadhim H. Hassan M.Sc and Ph.D in Electrical Engineering, College of

Engineering, University of Basra, Iraq. 2000 and 2008 respectively. He joined Basrah
Engineering Technical College (BETC) in 2008 as a lecturer. He worked as a Head of
Electrical Power Department at (BETC)-Southern Technical University for four years, 2013-
2017. He has more than 15 published papers in journals and international conferences in the
field of intelligent control systems and its applications. He can be contacted at email:
[email protected].

Issa Ahmed Abed received his BSc. and MSc. in Control and Computing from
the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Basrah, Iraq in 2002 and 2005,
respectively. While his Ph.D. is also in Control and Computing from University Tenaga
Nasional, Malaysia in 2014. Currently, he is an Asst. Prof. and the head of control and
automation department at Engineering Technical College Basrah, Southern Technical
University, Iraq. His areas of interest include artificial intelligence, solar energy, control
systems, robotics, and image processing. He can be contacted at email:
[email protected].

Bulletin of Electr Eng & Inf, Vol. 11, No. 5, October 2022: 2479-2490