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Arduino 101

This document discusses the key components and functionality of Arduino boards: 1. Arduino boards are powered by microcontrollers like the ATmega328P, and use bootloaders to enable programming through USB without additional hardware. 2. They have general purpose input/output pins that can be used for digital and analog inputs and outputs to interface with sensors and actuators. 3. Arduino boards can accept power from various sources like USB or external batteries and power supplies.

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10 views

Arduino 101

This document discusses the key components and functionality of Arduino boards: 1. Arduino boards are powered by microcontrollers like the ATmega328P, and use bootloaders to enable programming through USB without additional hardware. 2. They have general purpose input/output pins that can be used for digital and analog inputs and outputs to interface with sensors and actuators. 3. Arduino boards can accept power from various sources like USB or external batteries and power supplies.

Uploaded by

njenganungary
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT

NUNGARI JOY NJENGA 20/04708

UNIT: EMBEDDED SYSTEMS BSD 3205

ASSIGNMENT ONE

CHAPTER ONE SUMMARY

Arduino Functionality: some functional groups include:

1. Microcontroller: This is the brain of your Arduino.


2. Programming: Programming interfaces enable you to load software onto your Arduino.
3. I/O: Input/output (I/O) circuitry is what enables your Arduino interface with sensors,
actuators, etc.
4. Power: Most Arduino boards can automatically switch between power from multiple
sources (such as USB and a battery).

1. Microcontroller

Arduino boards are powered by a microcontroller unit (MCU), with the original models,
including the Arduino Uno, utilizing an 8-bit Atmel ATmega microcontroller based on the AVR
architecture. The ATmega 328P is commonly used in the Arduino Uno.

2. Programming Interfaces

The typical method for programming microcontroller programs involves using C or assembly
language and an In-Circuit Serial Programming™ (ICSP™) interface with a dedicated
programmer.
However, Arduino distinguishes itself by allowing direct programming through a USB cable,
made possible by the Arduino bootloader. The bootloader, loaded onto the microcontroller
during manufacturing via ICSP, enables programming through a serial USART without the need
for a separate programmer.

3. Input/Output: GPIO, ADCs, and Communication Busses

The crucial component of the Arduino for your projects is the general-purpose Input/output
(GPIO) and ADC pins. These pins, individually addressable in your programs, function as digital
inputs and outputs. Additionally, the ADC pins can serve as analog inputs for measuring voltages
between 0V and 5V, commonly used for sensor readings.

Many of these pins have multiplexed capabilities, enabling special functions like
communication interfaces, serial interfaces, pulse-width-modulated outputs, and external
interrupts.

4. Power

For typical projects, the 5V power supplied through the USB cable is sufficient. However, when
you want to operate your project independently from a computer, there are alternative power
options. Most Arduino boards can accept a power supply ranging from 6V to 20V (with 7V to
12V recommended) through the DC barrel jack connector or the VIN pin. It's important to note
that some Arduinos operate at 5V logic levels, while others operate at 3.3V logic levels

Arduino Bootloader and Firmware Setup

A bootloader is code in a reserved space on an Arduino's main microcontroller (MCU),


facilitating USB programming without external hardware.

During boot, if a programming command is received, it loads the new program; otherwise, it runs
the last uploaded sketch. When uploading via the Arduino IDE, the USB-to-serial chip resets the
main MCU into bootloader mode, receiving the new program over the UART connection.

Bootloaders simplify USB programming but use program space and introduce a few seconds
delay at boot up. Removing the bootloader allows direct programming with an external
programmer via the ICSP header.
Arduino Boards

There are many Arduino boards, and manufacturers are constantly releasing new ones with
various features. Some of the most commonly used include:

 The Arduino uno


 The Arduino Mega 2560
 The Arduino Leonardo
 The Arduino Due

Arduino lab setup on tinkercard

Involves connecting a single LED to the Arduino and make it blink.

The code turns on the LED on for one second, then off for one second, repeatedly.
When simulated

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