BoxDesigner Explanation of Speaker System

At Sonic Design Labo, we carefully selected and installed as many self-made

enclosures as possible, as well as methods that are relatively easy to design and
manufacture. We provide the enclosure design application "BoxDesigner".
It is the following 8 types of High Pass System Band Pass System A total of
16 types of speaker systems including 8 types can be designed.
This booklet describes the characteristics and design points of each method.

High Pass System

Band Pass System

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"BoxDesigner" adopts a design method that is not too di cult but that allows
trial and error to be fun.
Also, in the method with a vent (bass re ex duct) rst determine the frequency
characteristics and then we take steps to design each vent.
In this booklet what is generally called a bass re ex system is called a vented
system and a bass re ex duct is called a vent. This is to respect the naming in •
Thiele and Small's paper but for the sake of convenience both names are used
so please interpret them appropriately in each case.

Table of Contents

１．High Pass System

１­１．In nite Ba e System
１­２．Closed Box System
１­３．Vented Box System
１­４．Passive Radiator System
１­５．Serial Vented System
１­６．Twin Serial Vented System
１­７．Complex Closed System
１­８．Complex Vented System

２．Band Pass System

２­１．Kelton System
２­２．Passive Kelton System
２­３．Serial Kelton Type1 System
２­４．Serial Kelton Type2 System
２­５．Twin Vented System
２­６．Twin Serial Band Pass System
２­７．Delta Vented System
２­８．Triple Vented System

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 １．High Pass System
The high-pass system is a method in which the cone of a general speaker unit
(SP) can be seen from the outside and the high-frequency characteristics of the
SP appear on the high-frequency side. In the Thiele and Small theory which is
based on the lter theory of electronic circuits it is called that because it has
characteristics equal to the high-pass lter of electronic circuits.

１­１．In nite Ba e System

Although the in nite ba e is not a very realistic method, we
have adopted it because we believe that it is very meaningful
to know the inherent characteristics of the SP. You can see
the characteristics of the T•S parameters Fs and Qts
themselves. Also, since the volume is equivalent to in nity,
Vas is irrelevant.
Each method has a comparison mode with an in nite ba e.
(View Menu → Comparison IB)
In a closed box, when the volume is more than 5 times the
Vas of SP, it becomes a nearly in nite ba e characteristic.
However if Vas = 50 liters in a
20 cm unit, a volume of 250
liters is a rather unrealistic
value.
Many overseas unit
manufacturers seem to often
Fs =50Hz measure the frequency
Qts =0.4
characteristics listed on the
spec sheet by attaching them
to a very large ba e (partition
of a partitioned room).
This is a convenient property
for designs based on Thiele
Fig1 In nite Ba e Characteristic example and Small theory.
In addition there are IEC and
JIS standard boxes that have been used for a long time. Its volume is about 600
liters, and the low-frequency characteristics measured with this box are
considered to be close to an in nite ba e if the diameter is small.

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 １­２．Closed Box System
These days manufacturers and homebrews are simplistic
and cannot reproduce low frequencies, so there is little
motivation to make them.
It is a method that is being reviewed such as a closed
method called "Linkwitz Transform" that boosts the low
range with an analog or digital lter and reproduces the low
range more than the vented method.
At -12dB/oct the low frequency rolls o with the lowest
order for SP and the phase rotation, that is the group delay,
in the low frequency range is less than the vented.
In other words, and by using
the above together, there is a
possibility that the original
sound can be reproduced
more closely. (The original
Fs =50Hz sound means the waveform
Vas =100L
Qts =0.4
contained in the media.) The
Vb =40.59L point of design is how much
Fc =93.05Hz
Qtc (total Q of the closed box)
Qtc =0.707
Qa =10 should be set. In lter theory,
when Q=0.707=1/ 2 it is
considered to be the optimum
Fig2 Closed Box Characteristic example atness (the attest
characteristic : Butterworth
characteristic). Fc (resonant frequency) is also
uniquely determined depending on the volume Vb
of the box. However when Qts (total Q of the unit) is
0.707 or less,
Since the Qtc increases by putting the unit in a box
Fig3 Closed Box Alignment
(the smaller the volume the larger the Qtc, for
in nite ba e it is Qtc= Qts) the Qtc cannot be less than Qts even if the volume
is increased. Since Qtc determines the slope (shoulder characteristics) of the
low range it is also possible to increase the volume of the low range by setting
Qtc=1 which is an important factor and intentionally increasing the slope.
For Alignment,
Optimum ：Qtc of 0.707 Qts approaches atness in realistic volume
for units above
Box Volume ：Specify the box volume (Liter)
Qtc ：Specify Qtc
We have established the above three.
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１­３．Vented Box System
Although it is late it is a method in which the low frequency
region enhanced by the Helmholtz resonance Fb due to the
internal volume Vb and the air column of the vent is emitted
from the vent and the synthesized sound with the radiation
from the cone. This is the most popular method regardless
of the manufacturer or the DIY because it is easy to make
and if it is designed well the bass can be reproduced well.
Since the radiation from the vent operates behind the cone
it is in opposite phase, and the composite characteristic is
360 phase rotated (180 for the closed) and rolls o at
-24dB/oct which inevitably
increases the group delay.
Group delay correction using
digital FIR lters is also a
current trend.
Fs =50Hz First after determining the
Vas =100L
three parameters of Vb (box
Qts =0.4
Vb =95L volume Liter) Fb (volume and
Fb =50Hz resonance frequency Hz at
Qb = 7
vent) and Qb (Q due to loss
component due to air leakage
from box: usually 7) to obtain
the desired characteristics
Fig4 Vented Box Characteristic Optimum
Vent Menu → Vent Design
Window to design each size
and number of vents, and this
is the end of the design process.
Don't forget that this design
procedure is the same throug-
Fs =50Hz
Vas =100L hout BoxDesigner. When
Qts =0.4 designing a vent I am at a loss
Vb =150L
Fb =42.5Hz
as to what kind of pipe to use
Qb = 7 but the pdf of "Vinyl chloride
pipe/paper tube/void tube
standards" can be downloaded
on the Archives page of this
Fig5 Vented Box Characteristic Extend site. "All of them are available
at home centers and Hands.
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For Alignment、
Optimum ：Fourth-order Butterworth character
Extend ：Set to extend the low range
Box Volume ：Enter box volume and calc. opt Fb
Custom ：Custom mode
We have set up four.
By the way in any method, the shortcut of Custom
is set to " + 5" Key. In addition, when he clicks Fig6 Vented Box Alignment
the "Calc." button in custom mode, the previous
vent design will be initialized.
This is also true for systems with other vents. For more detailed design
methods please refer to the attached sheet Design Method of Vented System.
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１­４．Passive Radiator System（Drone Cone System）
A passive radiator (drone cone) that removes the voice coil from
the SP is used instead of the air column of the vent type vent
(duct). The operating principle is almost the same as the vent
method, but there is a slight difference in characteristics due to
the dip that occurs at the resonance frequency of the passive
radiator itself. It is often used by manufacturers but it is a method
that is not often seen in homebrew articles. It seems that there
are few corresponding design software it is difficult to design,
and there are few products of passive radiator itself. The vented
radiates the back sound inside the box from the vent but you can
expect clear playback sound without it. In recent years, passive
radiators have become easier to obtain and it seems that the
number of self-made ones will
increase. BoxDesigner supports
this method at a high level, so I
Fs =50Hz think it will be helpful for design
Vas =100L
and production. The Speaker
Qts =0.4
Vb =100L Data Folder on the Download
Fb =63Hz page contains the data of
Qb = 7
currently available Passive
Vap =100L
Fp =45Hz Radiator (hereafter PR) such
Qmp= 5 as Dayton, Peerless, Seas, etc.
Pole 45Hz
Please make use of it.
The design method of the
Passive Radiator System has the
difficulty that it is not
straightforward. First of all, is it
Fig7 Passive Radiator Characteristic Type1 difficult to find a PR unit that fits
the SP unit to be used?
BoxDesigner calculates the optimum Vap (acoustic volume of PR) and Fp (resonance
frequency of PR itself) with default values but there are few PR units that match those
values and the matching range is severe so even if PR with a close value is inserted I
don't have anything that fits so I think the best way is to try one by one.

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 Secondly once the PR unit is
decided, the only parameters that
can be changed are his Vb (box
Fs =50Hz
Vas =100L volume) and the number of PR
Qts =0.4 units which makes the design
Vb =200L
Fb =50Hz
difficult.
Qb = 7 If you try to set the number of
Vap =200L PRs to 2 it will fit surprisingly well
Fp =35Hz
Qmp= 5
but if there are no restrictions in
terms of cost or size it will be a
story. As mentioned above there
is a dip (pole) at Fp and you may
be a little disappointed that the
low range does not extend as
Fig8 Passive Radiator Characteristic Type2 much as you thought.
To design the Passive Radiator
first select the PR System of the desired SP unit in BoxDesigner then launch the Icon
file of PR in PassiveRadiatorDB select the PR with a close value of Vap and Fp and
click the "Send" button on the upper right Click. Then the Passive Radiator Data Enter
Window will appear on the BoxDesigner side so
click the "Apply" button to import the data.
BoxDesigner automatically selects and adapts
Apply Entered P.R Unit . After that change the
number of Vb or PR look at the characteristics
and if it doesn't work repeat the same.
Alignment is Fig9.
Fig9 PR System Alignment Please use the "PR_Calculator.app" posted on
the "DOWNLOAD" page of this site as it can
calculate the additional mass (grams) for the
desired Fp.
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１­５．Serial Vented System（Double Bass Re ex System）

In general it is called a Double Bass Re ex System but I
thought it lacked brains so I named it the "Serial Vented
System". Other methods also give their own names without
using street names. not bad. As shown in the left gure it
has a structure in which another vent is attached to the vent.
Although it is not often seen in manufacturers it seems to
be a popular method for DIYers and it seems that FOSTEX
has released a kit. Mr. Tetsuo Nagaoka's analysis is famous
and it seems that many self-made groups are based on
this.However the Nagaoka theory is based on experience
and experiments and gives the impression that it lacks pure
theoretical grounds. BoxDesigner creates calculation
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 formulas from equivalent
circuits based on T/S theory
so we have con dence in its
theoretical accuracy.
Fs =50Hz The disadvantage of serial
Vas =100L vented is that there is a dip in
Qts =0.4
Vb1 =50L
the mid and low frequencies
Fb1 =100Hz and the sum of the two
Qb1 = 7
Vb2 =150L
volumes is considerably larger
Fb2 =50Hz than the vented method.
Qb2 = 7
If the resonance frequency of
Vent1 is increased the dip
point can also be raised but
Fig10 Serial Vented Characteristic Type1 the operation becomes more
like a simple vented system
and becomes meaningless and
the area of the vent that tunes
to the high frequency becomes
too large and deviates from
Fs =50Hz reality. It's hard to avoid dips in
Vas =100L
Qts =0.4 a feasible range box.
Vb1 =150L Alignment has Type 1 to
Fb1 =50Hz
Qb1 = 7
Type 4 and some of them have
Vb2 =50L characteristics like Fig11 but it
Fb2 =150Hz
Qb2 = 7
seems di cult to make them
at characteristics.
However steep dips like Fig10
don't bother me much from an
Fig11 Serial Vented Characteristic Type3
audible point of view so I think
this method is suitable for
people who want to reproduce
low frequencies as much as
possible with a small-diameter
unit.

Fig12 Serial Vented Alignment

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１­６．Twin Serial Vented System（Twin W Bass Re ex System）
I chose this name because it has a structure in which a double
bass reflex is used as a twin. The operation is quite complicated
and it is a mistake to think that it is simply a stack of two
double bass reflexes. The resonance of the four vents affects
each other in a complicated way and with a simple setting
many peaks and dips occur. The fact is that the author does
not fully understand the operating principle. In fact, the idea of
this system was borrowed from the MCAP-CR model of the
"Multiple Degree of Freedom Bass Reflex Laboratory" and the
original has a more complicated structure, and this is the
simplest shape of the MCAP-CR model. It seems in the MCAP-
CR type the two Vent1 have
different dimensions but in this
Twin Serial they have the same
dimensions to avoid complication.
My research so far is based on
the conclusion that one volume
Vb1 =50L
resonates at one frequency
Fb1 =70Hz
Qb1 = 7 even if multiple vents are
Vb2 =100L installed, but what happens
Fb2 =40Hz
when the second and third
Qb2 = 7
Vb3 =20L volumes and the vent are
Fb3 =70Hz connected is This is a subject
Qb3 = 7
for further research. Based on
the resonance of Vb1 and Vent1
x 2 as a design method the
Fig13 Twin Serial Vented Characteristic Type1 resonances of Vb2 and Vent2
and Vb3 and Vent3 are
considered separately. In reality
they are complicated by mutual
interaction, but for the sake of
convenience we have no choice
Vb1 =50L
Fb1 =100Hz but to consider them separately.
Qb1 = 7
Vb2 =150L
Fb2 =35Hz
Qb2 = 7
Vb3 =30L
Fb3 =70Hz
Qb3 = 7

Fig15 Twin Serial Vented Alignment

Fig14 Twin Serial Vented Characteristic Type2 There are two types of
Alignment Type1 and Type2
so it would be interesting to create an original based on this or create a new
characteristic by trial and error. Since there is no algorithm to calculate the
characteristics we expect the user's challenging spirit.。
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 １­７．Complex Closed System
In this method, another sealed box is installed on the back
side of the sealed box to reduce the volume limitation of the
low frequency amplitude of the front SP and extend the low
frequency reproduction. Roughly speaking, compared to a
sealed box at 70Hz-6dB with the same total volume he is
lower at 60Hz. I don't think there is much point in making this
kind of improvement using two SPs. For now, we can only set
the front and rear SPs to the same unit, but I think we can
expect further improvements if the rear unit has a larger
diameter. However it is up to the infinite baffle characteristic
of the maximum front SP. This method is described in Olson's
Acoustic Engineering (1959
Japanese edition) under the
name "Composite Direct
Emission Loudspeaker Method".
I remember seeing a product
like this in a magazine 50 to 60
Fs =50Hz
Vas =100L years ago but it is almost
Qts =0.4 impossible to find it now so it
Vb1 =100L
Fc1 =232Hz
seems that there is not much
Qa1 =10 merit in commercializing it.
Vb2 =10L Fig16 is a comparison with an
Fc2 =60Hz
Qa2 =10
infinite baffle when the rear
volume Vb1 is the same size as
Vas. See Fig17.
Fig16 Compared to Complex Closed
and In nite Ba e

Fig18 Complex Closed Alignment

When I checked the library I

Fs =50Hz found a production article
Vas =100L
named "Active Back Pressure
Qts =0.4
Vb =100L
Control" (ABC SP) in "Invitation
Fc =70.7Hz to Hi Fi Speakers" in 1992.
Qtc =0.55 It is an evaluation that the
Qa =10 sound quality is neat although
the bass does not come out.
I think that it is suitable for
Fig17 Compared to Closed Box 100L those who want to obtain the
and In nite Ba e characteristics of a pseudo-
in nite ba e.
The front and rear two SPs are basically connected in parallel.
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 １­８．Complex Vented System
A vent is attached to the volume on the rear side of the
above-mentioned Complex Closed to make it a bass re ex
type and it was also mentioned in the above-mentioned
ABC SP article but there was no production article. It may
be worth making unexpectedly because it is a rare method.
Fig19 shows Optimum characteristics and Fig20 shows
vented characteristics with the same total volume.
An acquaintance made it with his FOSTEX 10cm unit
(FF105WK) and it had a total volume of about 5 liters and
was playing a reasonable bass. Since the SP on the rear side
is responsible for the bass re ex operation and the SP on
the front side is responsible for
the closed operation it seems
to be advantageous for
distortion. Currently, SP1 and
SP2 which are the same as
Complex Closed, can only be
Fs =50Hz set to the same unit but there
Vas =100L
Qts =0.4
is a possibility that the
Vb1 =66L playback band can be lowered
Fb1 =47.5Hz by increasing the rear diameter
Qb1 = 7
Vb2 =16.5L
and lowering the bass re ex
Fc2 =132.8Hz resonance. In Fig 19 Vb2 is
Qa2 =10
small so SP1 (Direct) is
a ected by the bass re ex
operation of SP2 causing a dip.
Fig19 Complex Vented Characteristic Optimum This means that the operation
of the front and rear SPs can
be separated to some extent so
it is possible to create sounds
unique to this method.

Fs =50Hz
Vas =100L
Qts =0.4
Vb =82.5L
Fb =47.5Hz
Fig21 Complex Vented Alignment
Qb = 7

Although it is an irregular
method it may be possible to
cut the mid-high range sound
leaking from the vent and
Fig20 Same Vb・Fb characteristics at Vented improve the sound quality by
passing the low-pass lter only
to SP1. The front and rear two SPs are basically connected in parallel.

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 ２．Band Pass System
A Band Pass system is a method in which the speaker unit is not visible from
the outside and is built inside. It becomes a characteristic that decreases with
frequency. It is so called because its characteristics are equivalent to those of
band-pass lters in electronic circuits.

２­１．Kelton System
The Kelton method is a method that uses only the output
from the vent as a result of attaching SP to the partition of
the closed box and the vented box as shown in the left figure
and has long been called ASW (Acoustic Sub-Woofer).
Even now there are many products such as add-on
subwoofer and 2•1ch. As an advantage since the output has
a bandpass characteristic it is possible to expand the low
range simply by adding it without modifying the existing
equipment. The disadvantage is that the efficiency will be low
so it will be necessary to add a power amplifier for Kelton and
if you want to use 2•1ch you will need a low-frequency mixing
circuit for L and R and matching with the mid-high. It makes
me want to put in a high-cut/low-cut filter to achieve that.
I would like to add a low-cut
filter at least to cut the low
range of the mid/high range SP
Fs =50Hz to eliminate the overlap with
Vas =100L
Qts =0.4
Kelton and to protect the input
Vb1 =100L of the mid-high range SP.
Fc1 =70.7Hz In addition the internal mid-high
Qa1 =10 frequency components leak
Vb2 =20L
Fb2 =70.7Hz
from the vent, but it may be said
Qb2 =7 that the advantage is that the
leakage can be reduced by
using the high-cut filter.
Such processing cannot be
done with the normal vented
method. The design point of the
Fig22 Kelton System characteristics Type1 Kelton system is to select a unit
with parameters that match this
system and to increase the volume of the sealed
part as much as possible to lower the tuning
frequency of the vented part and lower the
playback band. By entering the volume Vb1 in
Closed Volume of Alignment Fb2 is also
changed at the same time. When Fc1=Fb2, the
characteristic becomes flat. Depending on the
unit the volume of the vented part may be too
small to make it realistic so be careful.
Fig23 Kelton System Alignment
The production article has been uploaded to our
website so I think it will be helpful.
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２­２．Passive Kelton System
Passive Kelton System is a method in which a passive radiator
(PR) is attached instead of the vent of the Kelton System
mentioned above. The concept is almost the same as the Kelton
method but there are characteristics and quirks unique to PR so
caution is required. The advantage over the Kelton method is
that there is no leakage of the internal mid- high frequency
components and only radiation from the PR can be obtained
and there is no air column resonance due to vents and a
straightforward high-frequency roll-off can be obtained so there
is no need for a high-cut filter and sound quality may be
improved as well.
The disadvantage is that the PR
cost increases and it is difficult to
Fs =50Hz
Vas =100L find a suitable PR like the high
Qts =0.4
pass type. Depending on the
Vb1 =100L
Fc1 =70.7Hz product there are things that can
Qa1 =10
Vb2 =15L
change Fp by adding weights,
Fb2 =80.3Hz and at this time adding weights
Qb2 =7
will lower Fp but Vap will not
change. It seems that the
diameter of the basic PR should
be the same or larger than that
Fig24 Passive Kelton characteristics Type1 of the SP unit and there are
many cases where one or two
sizes larger are suitable. It may be possible
if two PR units are used. Similar to the
Kelton system if the volume of the sealed
part (Vb1) is increased the characteristics
will shift to the lower side. How to take in
PR unit data is the same as 1-4 Passive
Radiator System. Alignment is Fig25.
Fig25 Passive Kelton Alignment In recent years, it has become easier to
obtain various passive radiators so I'm
thinking of using this system for my next subwoofer. We believe that the Kelton
type subwoofer is simple and easy to make and that there are few failures.
3 "Closed Volume" is an alignment that optimally adjusts other parameters when
the closed volume is arbitrarily entered. The same is true for the aforementioned
Kelton System. Please use the "PR_Calculator.app" posted on the "DOWNLOAD"
page of this site to calculate the additional mass (grams) for the desired Fp.

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 ２­３．Serial Kelton Type1 System
It is a modi ed Kelton type with a double bass re ex
(Serial Vented System) attached to the lower structure.
As with Kelton increasing the closed volume will shift the
characteristics to the lower side. The drawback of the
Kelton type is that the low frequency limit depends on the
closed volume.
This time we revamped the alignment of this Serial Kelton
Type 1 and the next Type 2 to reproduce lower
frequencies. There are ve parameters Vb1, Vb2, Fb2, Vb3
and Fb3 that are related to the changeable volume and
tuning frequency. However, the total capacity of the three
is rather large, so it may
not be very practical
from that point of view,
Fs =50Hz
Vas =100L but it may be an
Qts =0.4 interesting system to try
Vb1 =50L
and challenge yourself.
Fc1 =86.6Hz
Qa1 = 10 The bandwidth is about
Vb2 =20L 2.74oct.
Fb2 =120Hz
Qb2 = 7
The dip of Vent1 is
Vb3 =30L Fdip = Fb3 (70Hz).
Fb3 =70xHz
Hz In addition the
Qb3 = 7
parameters of the units
used in this explanation
are di erent from the
Fig26 Serial Kelton Type1（ 1）characteristics real ones for the sake of
clarity and the
characteristics of the
actual units are shifted to the lower
side where they can be used as a low
frequency system.
Mr. Tetsuo Nagaoka who researched
it announced it under the name of his
"Double Resonance Woofer".
Alignment is Fig27.
Fig27 Serial Kelton Alignment
Since this method is complicated the
alignment of "Closed Volume" is not
set but it is a future task.

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 ２­４．Serial Kelton Type2 System
This is also a variation of the Kelton type but it has a
shape with a vent between Vb1 and Vb2.
It can be seen that the dip in the Vent1 characteristic
shows that the entire system resonates at one frequency.
The dip frequency is Fdip=Fb2/(1+Vb1/Vb2)0.5=46.1Hz
Alignment Type1 has almost the same bandwidth
(about 2.74oct) as Serial Kelton Type1 mentioned above.
Compared to Serial Kelton Type1 the total volume is about
90% so this one can be made a little smaller and the
e ciency is about 0.5dB higher. The 2-cabinet system with
one SP unit seems to
have the best
volumetric e ciency
Fs =50Hz
among the band-pass
Vas =100L
Qts =0.4 types and can
Vb1=60L reproduce low
Fb1 =40Hz
frequencies with a small
Qb1= 7
Vb2 =30L volume and wide
Fb2 =80Hz bandwidth.
Qb2 = 7
However when
designing the vent it
becomes di cult to
compromise between
the diameter and the air
vibration velocity inside
Fig28 Serial Kelton Type2（ 1）characteristics the vent.
In the band-pass type
there is a trade-o relationship between
bandwidth and e ciency which is the same
as the GB product of operational ampli ers
and the acoustic theory of SP is the same.
There are four degrees of design freedom
Vb1, Fb1, Vb2 and Fb2 which makes it
Fig29 Serial Kelton Alignment
di cult but it seems relatively easy to
manufacture as it is almost the same as
the double bass re ex (Serial Vented
System).
As with Serial Kelton Type1 this method has not been su ciently analyzed so it
will be a future issue. Alignment is Fig29.

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 ２­５．Twin Vented System
It may be better to call this method a tandem system.
I remember seeing it frequently in magazines about 30
years ago. Mr. Tetsuo Nagaoka also announced it under
the name of "Push Pull Woofer" and BOSE also made it
under the name of Acoustimass. (For professional use it
still exists.) I remember seeing a photo and blueprint of a
xed subwoofer in a music hall in the United States
installed in place of the side speakers. In the United
States it seems that DIY challenges have been made
even for equipment sound so it seems that the practicality
is high for the DIY group. However in the characteristic
example of Fig30 Vb2 is quite large as his 200Liter so it
tends to be too large for home use regardless of
equipment use.
As a countermeasure, if Vb2 is
set to 60 to 80%, the bandwidth
will be narrowed, but it can be
done within the practical
Fs =50Hz
Vas =100L
characteristics, but it is still
Qts =0.4 50Liter less. (Fig31)
Vb1 =42L In order to align by itself is it
Fb1 =80Hz
Qb1 = 7
possible to adjust the interval
Vb2 =200L between Fb1 and Fb2 increase/
Fb2 =35Hz
decrease Vb1 and Vb2 at the
Qb2 = 7
same rate or increase/decrease
Vb2 alone?

Fig30 Twin Vented characteristics ( 1)

Fs =50Hz
Vas =100L Fig32 Twin Vented Alignment
Qts =0.4
Vb1 =42L
Fb1 =80Hz By the way, the Vb1 side and
Qb1 = 7 Vb2 side are opposite in phase
Vb2 =150L
Fb2 =35Hz
on the front and back of the
Qb2 = 7 SP, so if the capacitance and
frequency on both sides are
the same, they cancel out and
become silent in principle.
Fig31 Twin Vented characteristics (Vb2 -50L) Alignment is Fig 31.
High Shift and Low Shift are
the characteristics of translating the frequency.
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２­６．Twin Serial Band Pass System
A bass re ex and a double bass re ex are attached to the
front and rear of the SP unit.
There may be one somewhere, but I've never seen it
before so I'll just say it's the author's original.
However I think that it is quite troublesome to produce a
box with this structure.
The point to note in designing is that if you design it easily
it is easy for him to have dips in the characteristics as
shown in Fig34.
Other band-pass methods do not cause such dips even if
they are designed easily but they do occur due to
structural reasons so be
careful.
Fig33 shows a nice adjustment
Fs =50Hz
Vas =100L of the parameters to cancel
Qts =0.4
Vb1 =50L
out the dip.
Fb1 =75Hz It is recommended for those
Qb1 = 7
Vb2 =150L
who want to challenge di cult
Fb2 =40Hz systems because the playback
Qb1 = 7
Vb3 =45L band is relatively wide
Fb3 =89.3Hz
compared to conventional
Qb3 =7
band-pass types.
Alignment is Fig35.
2 Dipped corresponds to the
Fig33 Twin Serial System characteristics ( 1)
characteristics in Fig34.

Fs =50Hz
Vas =100L
Qts =0.4
Vb1 =50L
Fb1 =150Hz
Qb1 = 7
Vb2 =150L
Fb2 =40Hz Fig35 Twin Serial Alignment
Qb1 = 7
Vb3 =37.5L
Fb3 =80Hz
Qb3 =7

Fig34 Twin Serial System characteristics ( 2)

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 ２­７．Delta Vented System
I named it delta vented because the vent arrangement is
triangular. It seems that Mr. Tetsuo Nagaoka also came up
with the idea, but it seems that it has not reached production.
BOSE also made a subwoofer under the name Acoustimass. I
was impressed by the demonstration machine which allows
you to see the internal structure with a skeleton (acrylic?).
The basic structure is that Vent1 is tuned high Vent2 is set
low and Vent3 (output) is set in the middle to obtain bandpass
characteristics and it is characterized by wide band
characteristics. Even if Vent1 and Vent2 are exchanged
they will have the same
characteristics. It is also an
Fs =50Hz advantage that the total
Vas =100L
Qts =0.4
volume is smaller than the
Vb1 =25L above-mentioned systems in
Fb1 =135Hz
Qb1 = 7 spite of having three volumes.
Vb2 =75L It will be di cult to make but
Fb2 =40Hz
Qb1 = 7 he has a proven track record
Vb3 =50L
with BOSE so I think it's worth
Fb3 =70Hz
Qb3 =7 trying DIY. I don't know what
kind of volume ratio BOSE has
but I remember using a unit of
Fig36 Delta Vented System characteristics ( 1) 16 cm or less (high Fs) so even
a relatively small unit can play
to the lower end.
Fs =50Hz
Vas =100L
Qts =0.4
Vb1 =37.5L
Fb1 =90Hz
Qb1 = 7
Vb2 =112.5L
Fb2 =26.67Hz
Qb1 = 7
Vb3 =75L
Fb3 =46.67Hz
Qb3 =7 Fig38 Delta Vented Alignment

Alignment corresponds to
Fig38 and characteristic 3
Fig37 Delta Vented System characteristics ( 3)
of Fig37 corresponds to Low
Shift. Alignment in this case is obtained by multiplying the Optimum value by
1.5 for Vb and dividing Fb by 1.5. It is better not to change the ratio between
Vb1 and Vb2 and Vb3 too much.
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 ２­８．Triple Vented System
This is a system that uses 2 units and uses the output from 3
vents. Although it is rarely seen for consumer use it is occasionally
seen in professional sound equipment. After all it seems that the
high power by using two matches the professional specification.
As a way of thinking there is a method of tuning each of the three
vents differently and it has a method of tuning Vent1 and Vent2
the same but in this case it will have the same characteristics as
the Twin Vented and CP will be better for high power. In addition
the above-mentioned it has a method of exchanging the reprod-
uction band of the set of Vent1 + Vent2 and Vent3 but the total
volume is the same. This Alignment can be reproduced with 1
and 2. A way to tune the three differently is built into 3 and
4. These Alignments make it
possible to obtain a very wide
band but also increase the volume
Fs =50Hz
Vas =100L that covers the lowest frequencies.
Qts =0.4 Not only in the world of speakers
Vb1 =42L
there is a trade-off relationship
Fb1 =80Hz
Qb1 = 7 between low-frequency limit and
Vb2 =32L efficiency/volume and it cannot
Fb2 =80Hz
Qb1 = 7
be helped in terms of the laws of
Vb3 =400L physics. (GB product (Gain x
Fb3 =35Hz Band width) constant rule) A unit
Qb3 =7
with the same diameter and a low
Fs is a physical phenomenon in
which the efficiency decreases.
Fig39 Triple Vented System characteristics ( 1) Units with low efficiency also
require a large cone stroke (Xmax).
Alignment is Fig41. This concludes
the explanation of the 16 types of
Fs =50Hz
Vas =100L methods but I plan to add them to
Qts =0.4 the Archives as needed if there
Vb1 =10L
Fb1 =135Hz
are new discoveries or ideas.
Qb1 = 7
Vb2 =22.5L
Fb2 =85Hz
Qb1 = 7
Vb3 =600L
Fb3 =25Hz
Qb3 =7

Fig40 Triple Vented System characteristics ( 4)

Fig41 Triple Vented Alignment
Reported by Yoshiyuki Hasegawa（長谷川 義之)：
2019/04/01ー2020/06/01ー2021/07/01ー2023/02/18
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