Saurab Tharu(191809)

DATA TRANSFER INSTRUCTIONS

1. Write a simple program to enlighten MOV and MVI instructions.

Answer:
MVI C, 20H ;loads 20H into register C i.e. C <- 20H
MOV B, C ;copies content of register C to register B
; B <- C (20H)
MVI H, 50H ;loads 50H into register H i.e. H <- 50H
MVI L, 00H ;loads 00H into register L i.e. L <- 00H
MOV M, B ;copies content of register B to memory
; i.e. location pointed by [HL] pair
; i.e. [HL] = [5000H] <- B (20H)
HLT ; program stopped

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

The output of assembler with corresponding Hex-code, M-cycles and T-states is depicted
as shown in figure below:

The contents of General purpose registers, accumulator, memory (M), flags and some
special registers after the execution of given program is shown below:

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

The contents of memory location including mnemonics of given program, specified data
after execution is given below:

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

2. Write an assembly level program to swap contents stored in location

4560H and 5600H using MVI and MOV instructions.

Answer:
MVI H, 45H ; H = 45H
MVI L, 60H ; L = 60H
MVI A, 54H ; A = 54H
MOV M, A ; M = [4560H] = A = 54H i.e. M = [4560H] = 54H
MOV C, M ; C = M = 54H i.e. C = 54H
MVI H, 56H ; H = 56H
MVI L, 00H ; L = 00H
MVI B, 73H ; B = 73H
MOV M, B ; M = [5600H] = B = 73H i.e. M = [5600H] = 73H
MOV D, M ; D = M = 73H i.e. D = 73H
MOV M, C ; M = [5600H] = C = 54H i.e. M = [5600H] = 54H
MVI H, 45H ; H = 45H
MVI L, 60H ; L = 60H
MOV M, D ; M = [4560H] = D = 73H
HLT ; program stopped

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

The output of assembler with corresponding Hex-code, M-cycles and T-states is depicted
as shown in figure below:

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

The contents of General purpose registers, accumulator, memory (M), flags and some
special registers after the execution of given program is shown below:

The contents of memory location including mnemonics of given program, specified data
after execution is given below:

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

3. Write an ALP to illustrate LXI, LDA and STA instructions.

Answer:

LXI H, 7090H ; [H] = 70H and [L] = 90H i.e. [HL] = 7090H
MVI M, 35H ; M = [HL] = 7090H <- 35H
LDA 7090H ; A <- [7090H] i.e. A = 35H
MVI A, 45H ; A = 45H
STA 7100H ; [7100H] <- [A] i.e. 7100H = 45H
HLT ; program stopped

The output of assembler with corresponding Hex-code, M-cycles and T-states is depicted
as shown in figure below:

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

The contents of General purpose registers, accumulator, memory (M), flags and some
special registers after the execution of given program is shown below:

The contents of memory location including mnemonics of given program, specified data
after execution is given below:

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

4. Write an ALP to enlighten LDAX and STAX instructions.

Answer:
suppose [7080H] = 56H

LXI B,7080H ; [B] = 70H and [C] = 80H i.e. [BC] = 7080H
LDAX B ; A =[BC] = [7080H] = 56H i.e. A = 56H
LXI D,7090H ; [D] = 70H and [E] = 90H i.e. [DE] = 7090H
MVI A, 34H ; A = 34H
STAX D ; [D] = [7090H] = A = 34H
HLT ; program stopped

The output of assembler with corresponding Hex-code, M-cycles and T-states is depicted
as shown in figure below:

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

The contents of General purpose registers, accumulator, memory (M), flags and some
special registers after the execution of given program is shown below:

The contents of memory location including mnemonics of given program, specified data
after execution is given below:

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

5. Write an ALP to illustrate LHLD and SHLD instructions.

Answer:
LXI H,4590H ; H = 45H and L = 90H i.e. [HL] = 4590H
MVI M,22H ; M = 22H i.e [HL] = [4590H] = 22H
MVI L,91H ; L = 91H
MVI M,4AH ; M = 4AH i.e. [HL] = [4591H] = 4AH
LHLD 4590H ; L = [4590H] = 22H
; H = [4591H] = 4AH
LXI H,AB34H ; H = ABH and L = 34H i.e. [HL] = AB34H
SHLD 7890H ; [7890H] = L = 34H
; [7891H] = H = ABH
HLT ; program stopped

The output of assembler with corresponding Hex-code, M-cycles and T-states is depicted
as shown in figure below:

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

The contents of General purpose registers, accumulator, memory (M), flags and some
special registers after the execution of given program is shown below:

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

The contents of memory location including mnemonics of given program, specified data
after execution is given below:

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

6. Write an ALP to exchange the contents of BC Register pair (5678H)

and DE Register pair (89AB) using XCHG instructions.

Answer:
LXI B,5678H ; B = 56H and C = 78H i.e. [BC] = 5678H
MOV H,B ; H = B = 56H
MOV L,C ; L = C = 78H
LXI D,89ABH ; D = 89H and E = ABH i.e. [DE] = 89ABH
XCHG ; H = 89H and L = ABH
; D = 56H and E = 78H
MOV B,H ; B = 89H
MOV C,L ; C = ABH
HLT ; program stopped

The output of assembler with corresponding Hex-code, M-cycles and T-states is depicted
as shown in figure below:

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

The contents of General purpose registers, accumulator, memory (M), flags and some
special registers after the execution of given program is shown below:

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

The contents of memory location including mnemonics of given program, specified data
after execution is given below:

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

7. Write a simple ALP to enlighten IO instructions associated with 8

bit microprocessor.

Answer:
IN 40H ; Read data from input port 40H and store in accumulator(A)
; A = Content received by 40H
MOV B,A ; B = [A] i.e. B = content of A
MVI A,ABH ; A = ABH
OUT 34H ; copies the content of accumulator to the output port 34H
; [34H] = content of A = ABH
HLT ; program stopped

The output of assembler with corresponding Hex-code, M-cycles and T-states is depicted
as shown in figure below:

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

The contents of General purpose registers, accumulator, memory (M), flags and some
special registers after the execution of given program is shown below:

The contents of memory location including mnemonics of given program, specified data
after execution is given below:

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

The content in the input and output port is given below:

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

ARITHMETIC INSTRUCTIONS

1. Write an ALP to execute ADD and ADI instructions.

Answer:
MVI A,34H ; A = 34H
MVI C,45H ; C = 45H
ADD C ; A = A + C = 34H + 45H
ADI 9BH ; A = A + 9BH
HLT ; program stopped

The output of assembler with corresponding Hex-code, M-cycles and T-states is depicted
as shown in figure below:

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

The contents of General purpose registers, accumulator, memory (M), flags and some
special registers after the execution of given program is shown below:

The contents of memory location including mnemonics of given program, specified data
after execution is given below:

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

2. Write an ALP to execute SUB and SUI instructions.

Answer:
MVI A,34H ; A = 34H
MVI C,45H ; C = 45H
SUB C ; A = A - C = 34H - 45H
SUI 9BH ; A = A - 9BH
HLT ; program stopped

The output of assembler with corresponding Hex-code, M-cycles and T-states is depicted
as shown in figure below:

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

The contents of General purpose registers, accumulator, memory (M), flags and some
special registers after the execution of given program is shown below:

The contents of memory location including mnemonics of given program, specified data
after execution is given below:

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

3. Illustrate INR, INX, DCR and DCX instructions using a simple ALP.

Answer:
MVI C,6AH ; C = 6AH
INR C ; C = C + 1
LXI B,A35BH ; [BC] = A35BH
INX B ; [BC] = [BC] + 1
DCR B ; B = B - 1
DCX B ; [BC] = [BC] - 1
HLT ; program stopped

The output of assembler with corresponding Hex-code, M-cycles and T-states is depicted
as shown in figure below:

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

The contents of General purpose registers, accumulator, memory (M), flags and some
special registers after the execution of given program is shown below:

The contents of memory location including mnemonics of given program,

specified data after execution is given below:

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

4. Write an ALP to add 16 bit numbers using ADD and ADC instructions.

Answer:
MVI A,45H ; A = 45H
MVI B,F8H ; B = F8H
ADD B ; A = A + B
MVI C,67H ; C = 67H
ADC C ; A = A + C + CY
ADI 78H ; A = A + 78H + CY
HLT ; program stopped

The output of assembler with corresponding Hex-code, M-cycles and T-states is depicted
as shown in figure below:

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

The contents of General purpose registers, accumulator, memory (M), flags and some
special registers after the execution of given program is shown below:

The contents of memory location including mnemonics of given program, specified data
after execution is given below:

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

5. Illustrate DAD instruction using a simple ALP.

Answer:

LXI H,56ABH ; H = 56H & L = ABH i.e. [HL] = 56ABH

LXI B,1A4BH ; B = 1AH & C = 4BH i.e. [BC] = 1A4BH
DAD B ; HL = HL + BC
HLT ; program stopped

The output of assembler with corresponding Hex-code, M-cycles and T-states is depicted
as shown in figure below:

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

The contents of General purpose registers, accumulator, memory (M), flags and some
special registers after the execution of given program is shown below:

The contents of memory location including mnemonics of given program, specified data
after execution is given below:

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

6. Write an ALP to enlighten DAA arithmetic instructions.

Answer:

MVI A, C4H ; A = C4H

MVI B, E9H ; B = E9H
ADD B ; A = A + B
DAA ; A = 13 & C = 1
HLT ; program stopped

The output of assembler with corresponding Hex-code, M-cycles and T-states is depicted
as shown in figure below:

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

The contents of General purpose registers, accumulator, memory (M), flags and some
special registers after the execution of given program is shown below:

The contents of memory location including mnemonics of given program, specified data
after execution is given below:

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

Timing diagram of MVI B,67H

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

Timing diagram of MOV C,B

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

Timing diagram of LXI D, 2374H

Timing diagram of LDA 7090H

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

Timing diagram of STA 7100H

Timing diagram of LDAX B

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

Timing diagram of STAX D

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

Timing diagram of IN 40H

Timing diagram of OUT 34H

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

Timing diagram of LHLD 4590H

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

Timing diagram of SHLD 7890H

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

Timing diagram of XCHG

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

Timing diagram of ADD B

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

Timing diagram of SUB C

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

Timing diagram of INR C

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

Timing diagram of DCR B

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

Timing diagram of DAD B

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 Saurab Tharu(191809)

Timing diagram of DAA

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