Maths

TEJUS RAJ (11M22)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of
gratitude to my teacher Mr AKHiLESH
PANDEY as well as our principal MRS. PALAK
NANDA who gave me the golden opportunity
to do this wonderful project on the topic
RELATION AND FUNCTION which also helped
me in doing a lot of Research and i came to
know about so manynew things I am really
thankful to them.
Secondly i would also like to thank my

parents and friends who helped me a lot in
finalizing this project within the limited time
frame.
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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that of class XI has completed his
MATHS project titled RELATION AND FUNCTION under
the guidance of Mr AKHILESH PANDEY for the
academic year 2023-Z0Z4.The certified student has
been dedicated throughouthis research and
completed his work before the givendeadline without
missing any important details from the project. It is
also certified that this project is the individual work of
the student and can be submitted for evaluation.
TEACHER SIGNATURE STUDENT
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Learning Outcome:
In this module we are going to learn about
➢Functions
➢Domain, Co-domain and Range of a Function
➢ Different Types of functions
FUNCTIONS
➢ A function f from a set A to a set B is a special relation in
which, every element of set A has unique image in set B.
➢ The function f from A to B is denoted by f : A → 𝐁
➢ If, f(a) = b, then ‘b’ is called the image of ‘a’ under f and ‘a’
is called the pre image of ‘b’ under f.
In the following diagrams, which of the relations are functions?
X R Y X R Y X R Y
a 1 1 a
a
1
b 2 2 b
b
2
c 3 3 c 3
c
(i) (ii)
(iii)
Figures (iii) represents function.

In the following diagrams, which of the relations are functions?
Figures (iv) & (vi) represent functions

Example
Let A ={1,2,3,4,5,6}. Define a relation R on A by R = {(x , y) : y = x + 1 }
i) Write down the domain, codomain and range of R.
ii) Is the given relation a function? Give reason.
A A
Solution:
i). Domain = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.
Co-domain = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6},
Range = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
iii) Since the element 6 is not having
an image, this relation is not a function.
Types of functions
1) Identity function
The function f : R→ 𝐑 defined
by, y = f(x) = x , x 𝝐 R is called
the identity function.
Domain = R, Range = R.
The graph is a straight line. It
passes through the origin.
2) Constant function:
The function f : R → 𝐑 𝐝𝐞𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐝
by, y = f (x) = c, x 𝝐 R where c is a
constant is called constant
function.
Domain = R, Range = {c}.
The graph is a line parallel to x-axis.

3) Polynomial function:
A function f: R → 𝐑 defined by f (x) = 𝒂𝟎 + 𝒂𝟏 𝒙 + 𝒂𝟐 x2 + ...+ 𝒂𝒏 xn,
where n is a non-negative integer and 𝒂𝟎 , 𝒂𝟏 , … … . 𝒂𝒏 𝛜 R is
called a polynomial function.
Note:
1). The function f(x) = ax + b, x ∈ R, is called a linear function.
2) The function f(x) = 𝒂x2 + bx + c, x ∈ R, is called a quadratic
function, where a , b and c 𝛜 R
Graph of some polynomial functions
i) Linear function
Example :
Draw the graph of
f(x) = x + 10
ii) Quadratic Function
Example:
Draw the graph of f(x) = x2
Note: The graph of a quadratic function
is a parabola
iii) Cubic Function :
Example:
Draw the graph of the
function
f (x) = x3, x ∈ R.
4) Rational functions:
A function f: R → 𝐑 is said to be rational function if
𝐠(𝐱)
f(x) = , where g(x) and h(x) are polynomial
𝐡(𝐱)
functions of x, where h(x) ≠ 0.
𝒙+𝟑
Example : f(x) = ,x≠4
𝒙−𝟒
5) The Modulus function
The function f :R → 𝐑 defined
by f(x) = |x| for each x 𝝐 R
is called modulus function.
𝒙, 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 ≥ 𝟎
i.e. f(x) = ቊ
−𝒙, 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 < 𝟎
Domain= R & Range = [0, ∞)

6) Signum function:
The function f: R → 𝐑 defined by
is called the signum function.

For signum function,
Domain = R & Range ={–1, 0, 1}
7) Greatest integer function:
The function f: R → 𝐑 defined
by f(x) = [x], x 𝝐 R is called the
greatest integer function.
Here, [x] denotes the greatest
integer less than or equal to x.
For example,
[-2.8] = -3, [2.8] = 2
For greatest integer function, Domain = R, Range = Z
What have we learned today?
➢ Function : A function f from a set A to a set B is a special
relation in which, every element of set A has unique image in
set B.
➢ A is the called the domain and B is the codomain of f .
➢ Range : The range of the function is the set of images.
➢ A real function has the set of real numbers or one of its
subsets both as its domain and as its range.

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TEJUS RAJ (11M22)

Secondly i would also like to thank my

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TEACHER SIGNATURE STUDENT

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Figures (iii) represents function.

Figures (iv) & (vi) represent functions

The graph is a line parallel to x-axis.

Note: The graph of a quadratic function

Domain= R & Range = [0, ∞)

is called the signum function.

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