Details of Courses of Study

SIDO-KANHU MURMU UNIVERSITY, DUMKA

TEACHING PLAN (SEMETER WISE) FOR CHOICE BASED

CREDIT SYSTEM IN UNDERGRADUATE
BOTANY PROGRAMME (MAJOR)

SEMESTER – I

Total
Paper Subject type Topics
marks
BOT101M Core 1 Microbiology
BOT102M Core 2 Algae & Fungi
Practical Based on Paper
Practical
BOT101M & BOT102M

SEMESTER – I I

Total
Paper Subject type Topics
marks
BOT201M Core 3 Bryophytes & Pteridophytes
BOT202M Core 4 Paleobotany & Gymnosperm
Practical Based on Paper
Practical
BOT201M & BOT202M

SEMESTER – III

Total
Paper Subject type Topics
marks
Morphology and Systematic of
BOT301M Core 5
Angiosperms
BOT302M Core 6 Histology & Anatomy
BOT303M Core 7 Plant Pathology
Practical Based on Paper
Practical
BOT301M, BOT302M & BOT303
SEMESTER – IV

Total
Paper Subject type Topics
marks
BOT401M Core 8 Embryology & Economic Botany
BOT402M Core 9 Cell Biology
BOT403M Core 10 Physiology and Metabolism
Practical Based on Paper
Practical
BOT401M, BOT402M & BOT403

SEMESTER – V

Total
Paper Subject type Topics
marks
BOT501M Core 11 Molecular Biology
BOT502M Core 12 Genetics & Plant Breeding
Practical Based on Paper
Practical
BOT501M & BOT502M

SEMESTER – VI

Total
Paper Subject type Topics
marks
BOT601M Core 13 Biochemistry & Biotechnology
BOT602M Core 14 Ecology & Environmental Biology
Practical Based on Paper
Practical
BOT601M & BOT602M
 SEMESTER – I

BOT101M – Microbiology

Methods of Microbiology: Staining, Sterilization, Isolation, Culture and Culture media.

Viruses: General account of TMV and Bacteriophage.

Mycoplasma: Structure and reproduction.

Bacteria: General characters, classification, cell structure, reproduction and economic

importance.

Cyanobacteria: General characters, classification, cell structure, reproduction and life

history of Nostoc, Oscillatoria and Rivularia.

BOT102M – Algae and Fungi

Algae: General characters, classification, economic importance and life history of

Oedogonium, Chara, Vaucheria, Sargassum and Polysiphonia.

Fungi: General characters, classification, economic importance and life history of

Phytophthora, Peziza, Puccinia, Argicus and Colletotrichum.

Practical – (Based on Paper BOT101M and BOT102M)

 SEMESTER – II

BOT201M – Bryophytes and Pteridophytes

Bryophytes: General account, classification, progressive sterilization of sporogeneous

tissue, economic importance and life history of Marchantia, Anthoceros, Sphagnum and
Polytrichium.

Pteridophytes: General account, anatomy, stellar evolution, heterospory and seed habit and
life history of Psilotum, Selaginella, Equisetum, Marsilia and Pteris.

BOT202M – Paleobotany & Gymnosperms

Fossil: Types, process of fossilization, importance of fossils, geographical time scale, major
sites of fossils in Jharkhand. General account and life history of Rhynia, Calamites,
Lepidodendron, Pentoxylum and Williamsonia.

Gymnosperm: General account, anatomy, reproduction and comparative account of Cycas,

Pinus, Taxus and Gnetum.

Practical – (Based on Paper BOT201M and BOT202M)

 SEMESTER – III

BOT301M – Morphology & Systematic of Angiosperms

Morphology: Types of Root, Stem, Leaves, Inflorescence, Flower, Pollination and Fruit.
Dispersal of fruit and seed.
Systematic of Angiosperms:
Introduction: Aims and Objectives of Plant taxonomy.
Systematic in practice: Herbarium – Importance, their preparation, role of herbaria.
Botanical nomenclature: Binomial nomenclature; principles and rules; typification;
principle of priority and its limitations.
System of classification: Bentham and Hooker’s system, Hutchinson system and
Takhtajan’s system.
Modern trends in Plant taxonomy: Taxonomy in relation to Embryology, Cytology
(Cytotaxonomy), Chemotaxonomy and Numerical taxonomy.
Study of important families: Ranunculaceae, Acanthaceae, Apocynaceae, Verbenaceae,
Rubiaceae, Lamiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Poaceae and Cyperaceae.

BOT302M – Histology & Anatomy

Tissue: Meristematic, simple, complex and mechanical.
Tissue System: Dermal, ground and vascular tissue system.
Primary structure: Stem and Root of Dicotylendons and Monocotylendons. Leaf-
Dorsiventral and Isobilateral.
Cambium: Origin, structure and function.
Periderm: Origin, structure and function.
Secondary growth: Anamolous secondary growth in Achyranthus, Boerhaavia and
Dracaena.

BOT303M – Plant Pathology

Disease development: Pathogenesis and Host-Parasite relationship.
Plant disease epidemiology: Transmission and spread of plant pathogens, disease
cycles and epidemics.
Defense mechanisms: Structural and Biochemical defense.
Plant disease management: Chemical, Biological and Cultural methods.
Plant Diseases: A general account of late blight of potato, Early blight of potato,
Citrus Canker, Red rot of sugarcane, Loose smut of wheat, Rust of wheat, Bacterial
blight of rice, TMV, Leaf curl of papaya, Yellow vain mosaic of Bhindi and Little
leaf of Brinjal.

Practical – (Based on Paper BOT301M, BOT302M & BOT303M)

 SEMESTER – IV

BOT401M – Embryology & Economic Botany

Embryology

Sporogenesis: Microsporogenesis and Megasporogenesis.

Gametogenesis: Male and Female gametophyte.

Fertilization: Fertilization and double fertilization.

Embryogenesis: Embryo development in Dicot and Monocot.

Endosperm: Types, structure and function, polyembryony.

Economic Botany

Food plants: A general account of Cereals (Wheat, Rice & Maize), Pulses (Pigeon pea,
Gram, Black Gram, Green Gram & Lentil)

Oil yielding sources: Edible (Mustard, Sunflower, Sesame & Soya bean) and Non edible
(Castor, Karanj, Eucalyptus & Lemongrass).

Plant fibers: A general account of common fiber plants (Cotton, Jute, Bamboos, Flax and
Patson).

Timber: A general account (Sal, Teak, Sissoo, Siris & Gambhar).

Medicinal plants: A brief account of common medicinal Plants of Jharkhand

(Ashwagandha, Sarpgandha, Kalmegh, Centella, Arjuna, Adhatoda, Tulsi, Nux-vomica,
Triphala & Chitrak).

BOT402M – Cell Biology

Cellular organization: Structure and function of Plasma membrane, Cell wall, Nucleus,
Chloroplast, Mitochondria, Golgi complex, Endoplasmic reticulum and Ribosome.

Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis.

Chromosome: Morphology, structure, nucleosome model, chemical composition, salivary

lampbrush and β-chromosome.
BOT403M – Physiology & Metabolism
Physiology

Plant – Water relation: Diffusion and osmosis; water potential and chemical potential;
absorption of water; Ascent of sap; transpiration and its significance; mechanism of
stomatal movement.

Mineral nutrition: Role of macro and micro nutrients in plants. Translocation of solutes,
mechanism of mineral salt absorption.

Metabolism

Photosynthesis: Photochemical reactions; Photophosphorylation; Calvin cycle; C4 cycle

and Photorespiration.

Respiration: Glycosis; TCA cycle; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Pentose Phosphate

Pathway.

Nitrogen metabolism: Biological nitrogen fixation; reduction of nitrate into ammonia.

Growth and development: General aspects of growth; Physiology of Photoperiodism and

vernalization.

Physiology of seed dormancy and germination: Role and mechanism of action of the
Phytohormones; Auxin, Cytokinins and Gibberellins.

Practical (Based on Paper BOT401M, BOT402M & BOT403M

 SEMESTER – V

BOT501M – Molecular Biology

Gene: Organization of gene in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Genetic code, transcription,

translation, regulation of genes in prokaryotes, operon concept, interrupted genes in
eukaryotes and RNA splicing.

Recombinant DNA technology: Restriction endonuclease; plasmid; technique of RDT,

gene mapping and DNA finger printing especially RELP, RAPD and PCR, Chromosome
walking; northern and southern analysis.

Chromatography: TLC, GLC, HPLC, Spectroscopy.

BOT502M – Genetics & Plant Breeding

Genetics

Mendelism: Mendel’s law of inheritance, back cross and test cross.

Interaction of genes: Complementary; supplementary; duplicate and epistatic factors.
Linkage and recombination: Coupling and repulsion; two and three point test crosses with
their significance in chromosome mapping; theories, mechanism and significance of
recombination.
Determination of sex: Mechanism of sex determination in Plants; sex linked inheritance in
Drosophila and man.
Maternal influence of inheritance: Cytoplasmic inheritance in Mirabilis, snail and yeast.
Gene mutation: Molecular basis of gene mutation; frame shift mutation and substitution
mutation; spontaneous and induced mutation; mutagens – type and mode of action.
Structural changes in chromosomes: Origin, types and effects of duplications, deletions,
inversions and translocations.
Numerical changes in chromosomes: Origin, types and effects of auto and allopolyploidy,
origin and meiosis of aneuploidy.

Plant Breeding

Plant breeding: Vegetative and sexual.

Methods of plant improvement: Introduction and acclimatization, selection – pure line
and mass selection, hybridization in self and cross pollinated crops, hybrid, vigour, role of
polyploidy and mutation in speciation.

Practical (Based on Paper BOT501M & BOT 502M)

 SEMESTER –VI
BOT601M – Biochemistry & Biotechnology
Biochemistry
Carbohydrate: Classification; structure of some representative examples of
monosaccharide’s disaccharides and polysaccharides.
Lipid: Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids; fatty acid biosynthesis; oxidation of fatty
acids; storage and mobilization of fatty acids and lipids.
Nucleic acids: Composition of nucleic acids; DNA structure and replication. Different
forms of RNA and their role.
Enzymes: Characteristic, types, classification and mode of action.
Amino acid and protein metabolism: Structure, characteristic and classification of amino
acids; protein and non-protein amino acids; amino acid biosynthesis; structure of proteins;
protein biosynthesis and its regulation.

Biotechnology
Plant Biotechnology: Cellular differentiation and totipotency; organogenesis and
embryogenesis; protoplast isolation and culture; somatic hybridization; clonal propagation;
genetic engineering of plants. Role of biotechnology in crop improvement (with suitable
examples)

BOT601M – Ecology & Environmental Biology

Ecology
Ecological adaption: Hydrophytes and xerophytes.
Population: Concept, density and pattern, population growth and population interactions.
Community: Community characteristics and their measurement; species diversity; (alpha,
beta and gamma).
Ecosystem: Structure, function and components of ecosystem; Ecological Pyramids;
Energy and its flow in ecosystem; Diversity of ecosystem; Aquatic (fresh water); terrestrial
(forest/grassland); Biogeochemical cycles.

Environmental Biology
Phytogeography: Introduction; endemism, an account of vegetation of India.
Ecological management: renewable and non-renewable natural resources and their
management.
Biodiversity and their Conservation: Definition, types, significance and conservation of
biodiversity; IUCN threats of categories.
Impact of human activities: Pollution- Air, Water and Soil pollution; prevention and
control of pollution; global warming and ozone depletion.
Bioremediation: Environmental monitoring and impact assessment, important legislations
related to environmental management.

Practical (Based on Paper BOT601M & BOT602M)