SHS

Personal
Development
Quarter 1 – Module 11:
Powers of the Mind
Personal Development 11/12
Quarter 1 – Module 11: Powers of the Mind

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the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
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effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Marife N. Tolarba
Editors: Frankie T. Turalde, Randy P. Bacares, Gloria E. Fontelar
Reviewers: Sheila C. Bulawan
Illustrator:
Layout Artist: Jogene Alilly C. San Juan, Antonio L. Morada
INTRODUCTION

How do we develop the powers of the mind?

Many people think of the brain as a mystery but new research shows that the brain is
like a muscle --- it changes and gets stronger when you use it. The muscles become larger
and stronger with exercise. Thus, when you stop exercising, the muscles shrink and you get
weaker. That’s why people say “use it or lose it!”
In this module, you are going to learn about the Powers of the Mind.

OBJECTIVES
At the end of the module, you will be able to:
1. Discuss the different parts of the brain and its functions.
2. Understand how the brain functions to help improve process one’s thought,
behavior, and feelings.

VOCABULARY LIST
• The cortex is the outermost layer of brain cells. Thinking and voluntary movements
begin in the cortex.
• The brain stem is between the spinal cord and the rest of the brain. Basic functions
like breathing and sleep are controlled here.
• The basal ganglia are a cluster of structures in the center of the brain. The basal
ganglia coordinate messages between multiple other brain areas.
• The cerebrum, the large, outer part of the brain, controls reading, thinking, learning,
speech, emotions, and planned muscle movements like walking.
• The cerebellum is at the base and the back of the brain. The cerebellum is responsible
for coordination and balance.

The brain is also divided into several lobes:

• The frontal lobes are responsible for problem solving, judgment and motor function.
• The parietal lobes manage sensation, handwriting, and body position.
• The temporal lobes are involved with memory and hearing.
• The occipital lobes contain the brain's visual processing system.

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PRE-TEST: Identification

Directions: Identify what is being asked in each item and write your answer in your journal.

1. It determines a person’s preferences, problem solving style, personality

characteristics, and leads to determine learning styles of a person.

2. This is one of the lobes of the brain that interprets vision (color, light,
movement).

3. It is the part of the brain which initiates movement, temperatures, touch,

vision, hearing, judgment and reasoning.

4. It controls functions that keep people alive such as breathing, heart rate,
blood pressure, and food digestion.

5. Carl is fond of listening to music, sharing ideas, looking for personal meaning
and making sure that he is in a win-win situation. What part of the brain is
dominant to him?

6. It is the part of the brain responsible for coordination and balance.

7. This is one of the lobes of the brain which is involved in memory and hearing.

8. Its main functions include processing sensory information, regulating blood

pressure and breathing and releasing hormones.

9-10. Give two activities that will improve the functions of the brain to improve
thoughts, behavior and feelings.

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LEARNING ACTIVITY

ACTIVITY 1: THE BRAIN GAME

Directions: Draw the figure in a short coupon bond, label its part and give at least 1 function
each.

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5

3 4

https://i2.wp.com/thecraftyclassroom.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/BrainGame.jpg

Processing Questions:
1) What is a brain? How does it work?

2) Give the different parts of the brain and its functions.

3) Why is there a need for us to know the different parts and functions of the brain?

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ACTIVITY 2: BRAIN DOMINANCE

Directions: The box below contains different characteristics and activities. Classify each
characteristic on where it is usually dominant. If the characteristics are dominant in the left
brain, put it in the left column. If they are dominant in the right brain, put it in the right column.

• Learning a new language • Playing intelligence and strategy games

• Drawing • Playing games that require imagination
• Solving puzzles • Playing colorful and audible intelligence
• Playing an instrument games
• Singing • Deals with logic and facts
• Solving math problems •

LEFT BRAIN DOMINANCE RIGHT BRAIN DOMINANCE

Processing Questions:

1) What is brain dominance?

2) What are the different characteristics of the right and left brain dominance?

3) Why there is a need for us to know if we are right brained or left brained individual?

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DEEPENING

WHAT IS THE BRAIN?

The brain is an organ that is made up of a large

mass of nerve tissue protected within the skull. It plays a
role in just about every major body system. Some of its
main functions include processing sensory information,
regulating blood pressure and breathing and releasing
hormones. https://image.sciencenordic.com/1646860.jpg?imageId=1646860&x=0
&y=0&cropw=99.906279287723&croph=100&width=1067&height=80
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PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE BRAIN

The brain can be divided into the cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem.

CEREBRUM

• The cerebrum is the largest brain structure. The cortex tissue consists mainly of neuron
cell bodies, and its folds and fissures (known as gyri and sulci) give the cerebrum its
trademark rumpled surface.

• The cerebral cortex has a left and a right hemisphere. Each hemisphere can be divided
into four lobes: the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, and parietal lobe. The
lobes are functional segments. They specialize in various areas of thought and
memory, of planning and decision making, and of speech and sense perception.

• Functions of the cerebrum include initiation of movement, coordination of movement,

temperature, touch, vision, hearing, judgment, reasoning, and problem solving. The
cerebrum, the large, outer part of the brain, controls reading, thinking, learning,
speech, emotions and planned muscle movements like walking.

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CEREBELLUM

• The cerebellum is the second largest part of the brain. It sits below the posterior
(occipital) lobes of the cerebrum and behind the brain stem, as part of the hindbrain.
Like the cerebrum, the cerebellum has left and right hemispheres.

• A middle region, the vermis, connects them. Within the interior tissue rises a central
white stem, called the arbor vitae because it spreads branches and sub-branches
through the hemispheres.

• The primary function of the cerebellum is to maintain posture and balance. When we
jump to the side, reach forward, or turn suddenly, it subconsciously evaluates each
movement. The cerebellum then sends signals to the cerebrum, indicating muscle
movements that will adjust our position to keep us steady.

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BRAINSTEM
• The brain stem connects the spinal cord to the higher-thinking centers of the brain. It
consists of three structures: the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the midbrain.

• The medulla oblongata is continuous

with the spinal cord and connects to
the pons above. It is the most vital part
of the entire brain and contains
important control centers for the heart
and lungs.

• The pons helps control breathing

rhythms. The medulla handles
respiration, digestion, and circulation,
and reflexes such as swallowing,
coughing, and sneezing.

• The midbrain contributes to motor

control, vision, and hearing, as well as
vision- and hearing-related reflexes.

• Both the medulla and the pons are

considered part of the hindbrain. The
midbrain, or mesencephalon, connects
the pons to the diencephalon and
forebrain. Besides relaying sensory
and motor signals, the structures of the
brain stem direct involuntary functions.

• Spinal cord. A large bundle of nerve

fibers located in the back that extends from the base of the brain to the lower back, the
spinal cord carries messages to and from the brain and the rest of the body.

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LOBES OF THE BRAIN

The cerebral hemispheres have distinct fissures, which divide the brain into lobes.
Each hemisphere has 4 lobes: frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital. Each lobe may be
divided, once again, into areas that serve very specific functions. It’s important to understand
that each lobe of the brain does not function alone. There are very complex relationships
between the lobes of the brain and between the right and left hemispheres.

Figure: The cerebrum is divided into four lobes: frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal.

FRONTAL LOBE

The largest section of the brain located in the front of the head, the frontal lobe is
involved in personality characteristics and movement. Recognition of smell usually involves
parts of the frontal lobe.
• Personality, behavior, emotions
• Judgment, planning, problem solving
• Speech: speaking and writing (Broca’s area)
• Body movement (motor strip)
• Intelligence, concentration, self-awareness

PARIETAL LOBE

The middle part of the brain, the parietal lobe helps a person to identify objects and
understand spatial relationships (where one's body is compared to objects around the person).
The parietal lobe is also involved in interpreting pain and touch in the body.
• Interprets language, words
• Sense of touch, pain, temperature (sensory strip)
• Interprets signals from vision, hearing, motor, sensory and memory
• Spatial and visual perception

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OCCIPITAL LOBE

The occipital lobe is the back part of the brain that is involved with vision.
• Interprets vision (color, light, movement)

TEMPORAL LOBE

The sides of the brain, these temporal lobes are involved in short-term memory,
speech, musical rhythm, and some degree of smell recognition.
• Understanding language (Wernicke’s area)
• Memory
• Hearing
• Sequencing and organization

POWERS OF THE MIND THROUGH

THE LATERALIZATION OF THE BRAIN: THE LEFT AND RIGHT BRAIN THEORY

The theory of brain lateralization was developed by Nobel-prize winners Robert

Ornstein and Roger Sperry. It states that each side of the brain has different specific functions.
While humans use both sides, each one has a dominant side which, according to the theory,
explains much about his or her behaviour, interests, personality, and mode of thinking. This
led to the coined terms left-brained or right- brained individuals.

BRAIN DOMINANCE
You may hear that someone is a “right-brained” or “left-brained” individual. This is
called “brain dominance,” meaning that an individual has a natural preference for processing
information on one side of the brain. The right side is considered the intuitive or spontaneous
side, while the left side is logical. Knowing an individual’s brain dominance can help you
understand his/her “ways” of thinking, behaving, speaking, and functioning. Also, it can help
parents and educators tailor activities to a child’s natural learning preferences.

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LEFT-BRAINED RIGHT-BRAINED

These people are: These people are:

➢ Organized ➢ Intuitive
➢ Logical ➢ Risk-takers
➢ Detail-oriented ➢ Creative

They prefer: They prefer:

➢ sequencing ➢ Imagination
➢ linear thinking ➢ holistic thinking
➢ mathematics ➢ rhythm
➢ thinking in words ➢ feelings visualization
➢ Like to set goals ➢ daydreaming
➢ Can interpret information well ➢ Adventure
➢ Keep a tidy room ➢ Writing
➢ Answer questions spontaneously ➢ Fantasies
➢ Follow directions and read ➢ Expression
directions

WRAP - UP: Popularity Dominance

1) Which brain side do you think is more dominant among these popular Filipinos and
why do you think so?

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 JOSE RIZAL LEA SALONGA

2) In general, how do the functions of the brain affect the learning process of a person?

3) What concepts have you learned in this module?

4) What have you discovered about yourself in relation to the module?

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APPLICATION: Graphic Organizer
Directions: Below is a graphic organizer. Cite different activities or exercises that will help
develop the right and left hemispheres of the brain. Write your answers on the box provided
to complete the graphic organizer.

BRAIN

LEFT RIGHT

Processing Questions:

1) Why is there a need to exercise or do activities to your brain?

2) Is it important to know these different activities? Why?

3) What insights have you learned from this activity?

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POST-TEST

A. Directions: Identify what is being asked in each item and write your answer in your
journal.
1. It pertains to an individual with a natural preference for processing
information on one side of the brain.

2. The brain dominance which includes everything related to intuitive,

holistic, and imaginary thinking.

3. The part of the brain which is responsible for initiation of movement,

coordination of movement, temperature, touch, vision, hearing, judgment,
reasoning and problem solving.

4. This lobe of the brain determines personality and emotions.

5. Kyla likes to collect data, listen to informative lectures, judging facts,

criteria, and logical reasoning .What part of the brain is dominant to her?

B. Directions: Classify the following characteristics or activities where it is usually

dominant. If the characteristics are dominant in the left brain, write LBD. If they are
dominant in the right brain, write RBD. Write your answer in your journal.
6. Risk-takers and creative

7. Answers questions spontaneously

8. Likes to set goals

9. Adventurous and imaginative

10. Loves science and mathematics

ASSIGNMENT

Write your answers in your journal.

1. To enrich you more about the topic discussed, cite at least five preferred activities

for right- and left-brained individual.

2. What is a mind map? Look for examples and cite your source.

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KEY TO CORRECTION

PRE-TEST

1. Brain Dominance 7. Parietal Lobe

2. Occipital Lobe 8. Brain
3. Cerebrum 9. -10. Mind games / solving math
4. Brain Stem problems / drawing / playing
5. Right Brain Dominance instruments
6. Cerebellum

ACTIVITY 1: BRAIN GAME

1. Frontal Lobe – involved in personality, behaviour and emotions.

2. Temporal Lobe – involved in short-term memory, speech, and musical rhythm.
3. Brain Stem – functions for breathing, eye movements, and swallowing.
4. Cerebellum - maintain posture and balance.
5. Occipital Lobe – interprets vision, color and light.
6. Parietal Lobe – for sense of touch, pain and temperature.

ACTIVITY 2: BRAIN DOMINANCE

LEFT BRAIN DOMINANCE RIGHT BRAIN DOMINANCE
• Learning a new language • Drawing
• Solving puzzles • Playing an instrument
• Solving math problems • Singing
• Playing intelligence and strategy games • Playing games that require imagination
• Deals with logic and facts • Playing colorful and audible intelligence
games

POST-TEST
1. Brain Dominance 6. RBD
2. Right Brain Dominance 7. LBD
3. Cerebrum 8. LBD
4. Frontal lobe 9. RBD
5. Left Brain Dominance 10. LBD

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REFERENCES

Online Electronic Source for the Texts and Information

• https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/anatomy-of-the-

brain

• https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/neurology_neurosurgery/centers_clinics/brain_tum

or/about-brain-tumors/how-the-brain-

works.html#:~:text=The%20brain%20has%20three%20main,Brain%20stem

• https://mayfieldclinic.com/pe-anatbrain.htm

• https://www.visiblebody.com/learn/nervous/brain

Online Electronic Source for the Visuals and Pictures

• https://i2.wp.com/thecraftyclassroom.com/wp-

content/uploads/2014/11/BrainGame.jpg

• https://image.sciencenordic.com/1646860.jpg?imageId=1646860&x=0&y=0&cropw=9

9.906279287723&croph=100&width=1067&height=801

• https://www.visiblebody.com/hubfs/Learn_Articles/Nervous_System/The-

Cerebrum.jpg

• https://www.visiblebody.com/hubfs/Learn_Articles/Nervous_System/The-

Cerebellum.jpg

• https://www.visiblebody.com/hubfs/Learn_Articles/Nervous_System/Brain-Stem.jpg

• https://www.mayoclinic.org/brain-lobes/img-20008887

• http://experimentexchange.com/living-systems/test-your-brain-for-its-dominant-side/

• https://c8.alamy.com/comp/T54535/jos-rizal-T54535.jpg

• https://m.media-

amazon.com/images/M/MV5BOTI3MDgxNTQ4MF5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTYwNTEzMDk

y._V1_.jpg

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