Bapuji Educational Association ®

Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology, Davangere–577 004

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

1. Develop a JAVA program to add TWO matrices of suitable order N (The value of N should be read
from command line arguments).

import java.util.Scanner;
class AddMatrix
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int n,i,j;
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.println("Enter the matrix order N");

n = in.nextInt();

int mat1[][] = new int[n][n];

int mat2[][] = new int[n][n];
int res[][] = new int[n][n];

System.out.println("Enter the elements of matrix1");

for ( i= 0 ; i < n ; i++ )
{
for ( j= 0 ; j < n ;j++ )
mat1[i][j] = in.nextInt();
}
System.out.println("Enter the elements of matrix2");
for ( i= 0 ; i < n ; i++ )
{
for ( j= 0 ; j < n ;j++ )
mat2[i][j] = in.nextInt();
}

for ( i= 0 ; i < n ; i++ )

for ( j= 0 ; j < n ;j++ )
res[i][j] = mat1[i][j] + mat2[i][j] ;

System.out.println("Sum of matrices:-");
for ( i= 0 ; i < n ; i++ )
{
for ( j= 0 ; j < n ;j++ )
System.out.print(res[i][j]+"\t");

System.out.println();
}

}
}

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2. Develop a stack class to hold a maximum of 10 integers with suitable methods. Develop a JAVA
main method to illustrate Stack operations.

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Stack {

private static final int MAX_SIZE = 10;
private int[] stackArray;
private int top;

public Stack() {
stackArray = new int[MAX_SIZE];
top = -1;
}

public void push(int value) {

if (top < MAX_SIZE - 1) {
stackArray[++top] = value;
System.out.println("Pushed: " + value);
} else {
System.out.println("Stack Overflow! Cannot push " + value + ".");
}
}

public int pop() {

if (top >= 0) {
int poppedValue = stackArray[top--];
System.out.println("Popped: " + poppedValue);
return poppedValue;
} else {
System.out.println("Stack Underflow! Cannot pop from an empty stack.");
return -1; // Return a default value for simplicity
}
}

public int peek() {

if (top >= 0) {
System.out.println("Peeked: " + stackArray[top]);
return stackArray[top];
} else {
System.out.println("Stack is empty. Cannot peek.");
return -1; // Return a default value for simplicity
}
}

public void display() {

if (top >= 0) {
System.out.print("Stack Contents: ");
for (int i = top; i >= 0; i--) {
System.out.print(stackArray[i] + " ");
}
System.out.println();
} else {
System.out.println("Stack is empty.");
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 }
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

Stack stack = new Stack();
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

int choice;
do {

System.out.println("\nStack Menu:");
System.out.println("1. Push");
System.out.println("2. Pop");
System.out.println("3. Peek");
System.out.println("4. Display Stack Contents");
System.out.println("0. Exit");

System.out.print("Enter your choice: ");

choice = scanner.nextInt();

switch (choice) {
case 1:
System.out.print("Enter the value to push: ");
int valueToPush = scanner.nextInt();
stack.push(valueToPush);
break;
case 2:
stack.pop();
break;
case 3:
stack.peek();
break;
case 4:
stack.display();
break;
case 0:
System.out.println("Exiting the program. Goodbye!");
break;
default:
System.out.println("Invalid choice. Please try again.");
}
} while (choice != 0);
}
}

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Output: Stack Menu:
Stack Menu: 1. Push
1. Push 2. Pop
2. Pop 3. Peek
3. Peek 4. Display Stack Contents
4. Display Stack Contents 0. Exit
0. Exit Enter your choice: 2
Enter your choice: 1 Popped: 20
Enter the value to push: 10
Pushed: 10 Stack Menu:
1. Push
Stack Menu: 2. Pop
1. Push 3. Peek
2. Pop 4. Display Stack Contents
3. Peek 0. Exit
4. Display Stack Contents Enter your choice: 4
0. Exit Stack Contents: 10
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to push: 20 Stack Menu:
Pushed: 20 1. Push
2. Pop
Stack Menu: 3. Peek
1. Push 4. Display Stack Contents
2. Pop 0. Exit
3. Peek Enter your choice: 3
4. Display Stack Contents Stack Contents: 10
0. Exit Peeked: 20
Enter your choice: 4
Stack Contents: 20 10 Stack Menu:
1. Push
Stack Menu: 2. Pop
1. Push 3. Peek
2. Pop 4. Display Stack Contents
3. Peek 0. Exit
4. Display Stack Contents Enter your choice: 0
0. Exit Exiting the program. Goodbye!
Enter your choice: 3
Peeked: 20

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3. A class called Employee, which models an employee with an ID, name and salary, is designed as
shown in the following class diagram. The method raiseSalary (percent) increases the salary by the
given percentage. Develop the Employee class and suitable main method for demonstration.

public class Employee {

private int id;
private String name;
private double salary;

public Employee(int id, String name, double salary) {

this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.salary = salary;
}

public void raiseSalary(double percent) {

if (percent > 0) {
double raiseAmount = salary * (percent / 100);
salary += raiseAmount;
System.out.println(name + "'s salary raised by " + percent + "%. New salary: " + salary);
} else {
System.out.println("Invalid percentage. Salary remains unchanged.");
}
}

public String toString() {

return "Employee ID: " + id + ", Name: " + name + ", Salary: " + salary;
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Creating an Employee object
Employee employee = new Employee(1, "XYZ", 50000.0);

// Displaying employee details

System.out.println("Initial Employee Details:");
System.out.println(employee);

// Raising salary by 20%

employee.raiseSalary(20);

// Displaying updated employee details

System.out.println("\nEmployee Details after Salary Raise:");
System.out.println(employee);
}
}
Output:
Initial Employee Details:
Employee ID: 1, Name: XYZ, Salary: 50000.0
XYZ's salary raised by 20.0%. New salary: 60000.0

Employee Details after Salary Raise:

Employee ID: 1, Name: XYZ, Salary: 60000.0

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4. A class called MyPoint, which models a 2D point with x and y coordinates, is designed as follows:
● Two instance variables x (int) and y (int).
● A default (or "no-arg") constructor that construct a point at the default location of (0, 0). ● A
overloaded constructor that constructs a point with the given x and y coordinates. ● A method
setXY() to set both x and y.
● A method getXY() which returns the x and y in a 2-element int array.
● A toString() method that returns a string description of the instance in the format "(x, y)".
● A method called distance(int x, int y) that returns the distance from this point to another point
at the given (x, y) coordinates
● An overloaded distance(MyPoint another) that returns the distance from this point to the given
MyPoint instance (called another)
● Another overloaded distance() method that returns the distance from this point to the origin
(0,0)
Develop the code for the class MyPoint. Also develop a JAVA program (called TestMyPoint) to
test all the methods defined in the class.

class MyPoint {
private int x;
private int y;

// Default constructor
public MyPoint() {
this.x = 0;
this.y = 0;
}

// Overloaded constructor
public MyPoint(int x, int y) {
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
}

// Set both x and y

public void setXY(int x, int y) {
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
}

// Get x and y in a 2-element int array

public int[] getXY() {
return new int[]{x, y};
}

// Return a string description of the instance in the format "(x, y)"

public String toString() {
return "(" + x + ", " + y + ")";
}

// Calculate distance from this point to another point at (x, y) coordinates

public double distance(int x, int y) {
int xDiff = this.x - x;
int yDiff = this.y - y;
return Math.sqrt(xDiff * xDiff + yDiff * yDiff);
}
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 // Calculate distance from this point to another MyPoint instance (another)
public double distance(MyPoint another) {
return distance(another.x, another.y);
}

// Calculate distance from this point to the origin (0,0)

public double distance() {
return distance(0, 0);
}
}

public class TestMyPoint {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Creating MyPoint objects using different constructors
MyPoint point1 = new MyPoint();
MyPoint point2 = new MyPoint(3, 4);

// Testing setXY and getXY methods

point1.setXY(1, 2);
System.out.println("Point1 coordinates after setXY: " + point1.getXY()[0] + ", " +
point1.getXY()[1]);

// Testing toString method

System.out.println("Point2 coordinates: " + point2.toString());

// Testing distance methods

System.out.println("Distance from Point1 to Point2: " + point1.distance(point2));
System.out.println("Distance from Point2 to Origin: " + point2.distance());
}
}

Output:
Point1 coordinates after setXY: 1, 2
Point2 coordinates: (3, 4)
Distance from Point1 to Point2:
2.8284271247461903 Distance from Point2 to
Origin: 5.0

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5. Develop a JAVA program to create a class named shape. Create three sub classes namely: circle,
triangle and square, each class has two member functions named draw() and erase(). Demonstrate
polymorphism concepts by developing suitable methods, defining member data and main
program.

class Shape {
public void draw() {
System.out.println("Drawing a shape...");
}

public void erase() {

System.out.println("Erasing a shape...");
}
}

// Circle subclass
class Circle extends Shape {
public void draw() {
System.out.println("Drawing a circle...");
}

public void erase() {

System.out.println("Erasing a circle...");
}
}

// Triangle subclass
class Triangle extends Shape {
public void draw() {
System.out.println("Drawing a triangle...");
}

public void erase() {

System.out.println("Erasing a triangle...");
}
}

// Square subclass
class Square extends Shape {
public void draw() {
System.out.println("Drawing a square...");
}

public void erase() {

System.out.println("Erasing a square...");
}
}

public class ShapeDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Create instances of different shapes
Shape shape1 = new Circle();
Shape shape2 = new Triangle();
Shape shape3 = new Square();
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 // Demonstrate polymorphism by calling draw and erase methods
shape1.draw();
shape1.erase(); Output:
Drawing a circle...
shape2.draw(); Erasing a circle...
shape2.erase(); Drawing a triangle...
Erasing a triangle...
shape3.draw(); Drawing a square...
shape3.erase(); Erasing a square...
}
}

6. Develop a JAVA program to create an abstract class Shape with abstract methods calculateArea()
and calculatePerimeter(). Create subclasses Circle and Triangle that extend the Shape class and
implement the respective methods to calculate the area and perimeter of each shape.

abstract class Shape {

abstract double calculateArea();
abstract double calculatePerimeter();
}

class Circle extends Shape {

private double radius;

public Circle(double radius) {

this.radius = radius;
}
@Override
double calculateArea() {
return Math.PI * radius * radius;
}
@Override
double calculatePerimeter() {
return 2 * Math.PI * radius;
}
}

class Triangle extends Shape {

private double side1;
private double side2;
private double side3;

public Triangle(double side1, double side2, double side3) {

this.side1 = side1;
this.side2 = side2;
this.side3 = side3;
}
@Override
double calculateArea() {
double s = (side1 + side2 + side3) / 2;
return Math.sqrt(s * (s - side1) * (s - side2) * (s - side3));
}

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 @Override
double calculatePerimeter() {
return side1 + side2 + side3; Output:
} Circle Area: 78.53981633974483
} Circle Perimeter: 31.41592653589793
Triangle Area: 6.0
public class ShapeDemo { Triangle Perimeter: 12.0
public static void main(String[] args) {
Circle circle = new Circle(5.0);
Triangle triangle = new Triangle(3.0, 4.0, 5.0);

// Calculating and displaying area and perimeter

System.out.println("Circle Area: " + circle.calculateArea());
System.out.println("Circle Perimeter: " + circle.calculatePerimeter());

System.out.println("\nTriangle Area: " + triangle.calculateArea());

System.out.println("Triangle Perimeter: " + triangle.calculatePerimeter());
}
}

7. Develop a JAVA program to create an interface Resizable with methods resizeWidth(int width) and
resizeHeight(int height) that allow an object to be resized. Create a class Rectangle that implements
the Resizable interface and implements the resize methods.

interface Resizable {
void resizeWidth(int width);
void resizeHeight(int height);
}

// Rectangle class implementing Resizable interface

class Rectangle implements Resizable {
private int width;
private int height;

public Rectangle(int width, int height) {

this.width = width;
this.height = height;
}

// Implementation of Resizable interface

@Override
public void resizeWidth(int width) {
this.width = width;
System.out.println("Resized width to: " + width);
}

@Override
public void resizeHeight(int height) {
this.height = height;
System.out.println("Resized height to: " + height);
}

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 // Additional methods for Rectangle class
public int getWidth() {
return width;
}

public int getHeight() {

return height;
}

public void displayInfo() {

System.out.println("Rectangle: Width = " + width + ", Height = " + height);
}
}

// Main class to test the implementation

public class ResizeDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Creating a Rectangle object
Rectangle rectangle = new Rectangle(15, 10); Output:
Original Rectangle Info:
// Displaying the original information Rectangle: Width = 15, Height = 10
System.out.println("Original Rectangle Info:"); Resized width to: 20
rectangle.displayInfo(); Resized height to: 10

// Resizing the rectangle Updated Rectangle Info:

rectangle.resizeWidth(20); Rectangle: Width = 20, Height = 10
rectangle.resizeHeight(10);

// Displaying the updated information

System.out.println("\nUpdated Rectangle Info:");
rectangle.displayInfo();
}
}

8. Develop a JAVA program to create an outer class with a function display. Create another class inside
the outer class named inner with a function called display and call the two functions in the main class.

class Outer {
void display() {
System.out.println("Outer class display method");
}

class Inner {
void display() {
System.out.println("Inner class display method");
}
}
}

public class OuterInnerDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Create an instance of the Outer class
Outer outer = new Outer();
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 // Call the display method of the Outer class
outer.display();

// Create an instance of the Inner class (nested inside Outer)

Outer.Inner inner = outer.new Inner();
Output:
// Call the display method of the Inner class
Outer class display method
inner.display();
Inner class display method
}
}

9. Develop a JAVA program to raise a custom exception (user defined exception) for DivisionByZero
using try, catch, throw and finally.

//Custom exception class

class DivisionByZeroException extends Exception {
public DivisionByZeroException(String message) {
super(message);
}
}

public class CustomExceptionDemo {

// Method to perform division and throw custom exception if denominator is zero
static double divide(int numerator, int denominator) throws DivisionByZeroException {
if (denominator == 0) {
throw new DivisionByZeroException("Cannot divide by zero!");
}
return (double) numerator / denominator;
}
Output:
public static void main(String[] args) { Exception caught: Cannot divide by zero!
int numerator = 10; Finally block executed
int denominator = 0;

try {
double result = divide(numerator, denominator);
System.out.println("Result of division: " + result);
} catch (DivisionByZeroException e) {
System.out.println("Exception caught: " + e.getMessage());
} finally {
System.out.println("Finally block executed");
}
}
}

10. Develop a JAVA program to create a package named mypack and import & implement it in a
suitable class.

package mypack;

public class MyPackageClass {

public void displayMessage() {
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 System.out.println("Hello from MyPackageClass in mypack package!");
}
public static int addNumbers(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}
}
//Main program outside the mypack folder
import mypack.MyPackageClass;
//import mypack.*;

public class PackageDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Creating an instance of MyPackageClass from the mypack package
MyPackageClass myPackageObject = new MyPackageClass();

// Calling the displayMessage method from MyPackageClass

myPackageObject.displayMessage();

// Using the utility method addNumbers from MyPackageClass

int result = MyPackageClass.addNumbers(5, 4);
System.out.println("Result of adding numbers: " + result);
}
}

Organize your directory structure as follows:

project-directory/
├── mypack/
│ └── MyPackageClass.java
└── PackageDemo.java

Output:
Hello from MyPackageClass in mypack package!
Result of adding numbers: 9

11. Write a program to illustrate creation of threads using runnable class. (start method start each of
the newly created thread. Inside the run method there is sleep() for suspend the thread for 500
milliseconds).

class MyRunnable implements Runnable {

private volatile boolean running = true;

@Override
public void run() {
while (running) {
try {
// Suppress deprecation warning for Thread.sleep()
Thread.sleep(500);
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 System.out.println("Thread ID: " + Thread.currentThread().getId() + " is running.");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("Thread interrupted.");
}
}
}

public void stopThread() {

running = false;
}
}

public class RunnableThreadExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Create five instances of MyRunnable
MyRunnable myRunnable1 = new MyRunnable();
MyRunnable myRunnable2 = new MyRunnable();
MyRunnable myRunnable3 = new MyRunnable();
MyRunnable myRunnable4 = new MyRunnable();
MyRunnable myRunnable5 = new MyRunnable();

// Create five threads and associate them with MyRunnable instances

Thread thread1 = new Thread(myRunnable1);
Thread thread2 = new Thread(myRunnable2);
Thread thread3 = new Thread(myRunnable3);
Thread thread4 = new Thread(myRunnable4);
Thread thread5 = new Thread(myRunnable5);

// Start the threads

thread1.start();
thread2.start();
thread3.start();
thread4.start();
thread5.start();

// Sleep for a while to allow the threads to run

try {
Thread.sleep(500);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

// Stop the threads gracefully

myRunnable1.stopThread();
myRunnable2.stopThread();
myRunnable3.stopThread();
myRunnable4.stopThread();
myRunnable5.stopThread();
}
}

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 Output: Note:

Thread ID: 24 is running. In this program, we define a MyRunnable class that implements
Thread ID: 21 is running. the Runnable interface. The run method contains a loop where
Thread ID: 20 is running. the thread sleeps for 500 milliseconds, printing its ID during each
Thread ID: 23 is running. iteration. We also handle potential interruptions caused by thread
Thread ID: 22 is running. operations.

In the RunnableThreadExample class, we create five instances of

MyRunnable, each associated with a separate thread. The start
method is called on each thread, initiating their concurrent
execution. After a brief period of allowing the threads to run, we
gracefully stop each thread using the stopThread method.

12. Develop a program to create a class MyThread in this class a constructor, call the base class
constructor, using super and start the thread. The run method of the class starts after this. It can be
observed that both main thread and created child thread are executed concurrently.

class MyThread extends Thread {

// Constructor calling base class constructor using super
public MyThread(String name) {
super(name);
start(); // Start the thread in the constructor
}

// The run method that will be executed when the thread starts
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " Count: " + i);
try {
Thread.sleep(500); // Sleep for 500 milliseconds
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " Thread interrupted.");
}
}
}
}

public class ThreadConcurrentExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Create an instance of MyThread
MyThread myThread = new MyThread("Child Thread");

// Main thread
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " Thread Count: " + i);
try {
Thread.sleep(500); // Sleep for 500 milliseconds
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " Thread interrupted.");
}
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 }
}
}

Output: Note:
main Thread Count: 1 In this program:
Child Thread Count: 1 • The MyThread class extends Thread.
Child Thread Count: 2
• The constructor of MyThread calls the base class constructor using
main Thread Count: 2
super(name) to set the thread’s name and starts the thread.
Child Thread Count: 3
• The run method is overridden and contains a loop to print counts. The
main Thread Count: 3
thread sleeps for 500 milliseconds in each iteration.
Child Thread Count: 4
main Thread Count: 4 • In the main method, an instance of MyThread is created, which starts
Child Thread Count: 5 the child thread concurrently.
main Thread Count: 5 • The main thread also prints counts and sleeps for 500 milliseconds in
each iteration.
When you run this program, you’ll observe that both the main thread and
the child thread are executed concurrently, and their outputs may be
interleaved.

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