AJR English/Filipino

BKS
Ingles/Pilipino

CLT
DMU
ENV
FOW Bilingual Dictionary
GPX for ESL Beginners

HQY Diksiyunaryong Bilingguwal para sa mga Baguhan

na gamit ang Ingles bilang Pangalawang-wika

I Z
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The work on this production was supported by a large number of
ESL teachers who assisted in the choice of lexicon.
© 2001 New South Wales Department of Education and Training
Student Services and Equity Programs, Multicultural Programs Unit,
Level 14, 1 Oxford Street Darlinghurst NSW 2010
Phone 9244 5764 or 9244 5324

RESTRICTED WAIVER OF COPYRIGHT

The printed material in this publication is subject to a restricted waiver
of copyright to allow the purchaser to make photocopies of the
material contained in the publication for use within schools or
institutes subject to the conditions below.
1. All copies of the printed material shall be made without
alteration or abridgement and must retain acknowledgement of
the copyright.
2. The school or college shall not sell, hire or otherwise derive
revenue from copies of the material, nor distribute copies of the
material for any other purpose.
3. The restricted waiver of copyright is not transferable and may be
withdrawn in the case of the breach of any of these conditions.

ISBN No: 0 7310 77539

 Contents

Introduction i

How to use the dictionary ii

Dictionary 1

Appendices

1. Numerals and ordinals 80

2. Common countries/states and their adjectival forms 81
3. Common irregular verbs 82
4. Times 84
5. Days of the week/months of the year/units of time 85
6. Weights and measures 85

Bibliography 85
 Introduction
The Bilingual Dictionary for ESL Beginners has been developed
for use by students in the early stages of learning English as a
second language.

The list of words contained in this dictionary includes the most

common words that students use in everyday communication
and in the classroom. This list provides a scaffold for further
language acquisition.

The Bilingual Dictionary for ESL Beginners takes into

consideration the Australian culture and way of life including
frequently encountered colloquial words and phrases. It is
expected that students will use this publication as a reference
point for the first 12 to 18 months of English language
acquisition.

A companion volume titled Thematic Picture Dictionary for ESL

Beginners may be used in conjunction with this volume. It
contains over 400 illustrated words, all of which can be found
with their translations in this volume.

The two dictionaries are designed for individual student use at

school and at home to support English language acquisition.

The skills of many ESL teachers were utilised in the choice of

lexicon for this dictionary. Their enthusiastic participation has
helped to produce a valuable teaching and learning resource
suited to the needs of beginner ESL students.

i
How to use this dictionary
Notes for the teacher

The information in this dictionary is presented simply showing part of speech, headword in bold,
definition if required and phrases for words which need to be read in context for clarity of meaning.
You will find explanations regarding the organisation of the dictionary below.

Page Header

The page header is found at the top left of each page in bold for easy identification of the page
contents. It shows the first and last English entry on the page.

Example from page 1:

a - afterwards indicates that the first entry on this page is a and the last entry is afterwards.

The Headword

The headword is the word being defined in an entry. It appears in large bold type and is
alphabetically ordered. Definitions of the headword appear under the headword (if applicable) and
are numbered. Phrases, colloquial phrases, phrasal verbs and interjections containing the
headword are translated in full and appear under the definitions.

Example from page 4:

Headword Translation
part of back
speech
n Definition 1. body part only the word back is translated as a noun with
the meaning body part
adv Definition 2. opposite front only the word back is translated as an adverb
with the meaning opposite front
phrase 3. give it back the phrase give it back is translated in full

Example from page 31:

Headword Translation
part of help
speech
n Definition 1. aid only the word help is translated as a noun with
the meaning aid
phrase 2. help yourself the phrase help yourself is translated in full with
(serve yourself) the meaning serve yourself
colloq 3. I can't help it (I have the colloquial phrase I can't help it is
phr no control over it) translated in full with the meaning I have no
control over it

Where there is more than one meaning for an item of lexicon but only one is in common usage the
meaning for translation has been included next to the headword in brackets.
Example from page 2:

Headword Translation
n angle (mathematical usage) only the word angle is translated as a noun
with the meaning mathematical usage

Abbreviations
Words commonly found in the lexicon as abbreviations appear in the dictionary as abbrev and are
not translated. They indicate the full spelling of the word where the translation may be found.

ii
Example from page 4:

Headword Translation
abbrev barbie *see barbecue no translation - translation is found at the entry
barbecue

Common present and past tense verb forms

Commonly used irregular present and past tense verb forms have been included in the body of the
dictionary as they may not be recognised by the student as a derivative of the base form. These
are not translated however and indicate the base form where the translation may be found.

Examples from page 2:

Headword Translation
prt v am *see be no translation - translation is found at the entry
be
prt v are *see be no translation - translation is found at the entry
be

Appendices

Six appendices have been included and may be found at the end of the word list. These are:

1. numerals and ordinals

2. common countries/states and their adjectival forms
3. common irregular verbs showing the base form, past tense and past participle forms
4. times in analog and 24 hour format
5. days of the week/months of the year/units of time
6. weights and measures.

These appendices have not been translated.

Parts of speech

Parts of speech are abbreviated and found in the left hand column of the English text in the
dictionary. Other descriptors such as colloquialism are also abbreviated. A full list of abbreviations
used is shown below.

Abbreviations used in this dictionary

Abbreviation Meaning
abbrev abbreviation
adj adjective
adv adverb
colloq colloquialism
colloq phr colloquial phrase
conj conjunction
det determiner
int interjection
n noun
phr v phrasal verb
prep preposition
pron pronoun
prt v present tense verb form
pt v past tense verb form
v verb

iii
a – afterwards
A
det a/an isa/isang
n ability kakayahan/abilidad
able
v 1. be able to makayanan
adj 2. talented matalino/maabilidad
n Aboriginal person katutubo/taong aborihinal
about
adv 1. approximately humigit-kumulang/halos
prep 2. concerning hinggil sa/tungkol sa
above
prep 1. over lampas/higit
phrase 2. the example above ang halimbawa sa itaas
adj absent liban/wala
adv absolutely lubusan/ganap/talagang-talaga
n accent punto
v accept tanggapin
adj acceptable matatanggap/maaaring tanggapin
n accident aksidente/sakuna
adj accidental di-inaasahan/nagkataon
v accompany samahan
n account kwenta/utang/ulat/paliwanag/salaysay
v ache sumakit/kumirot/humapdi
v achieve matapos/mayari/matamo/maabot
n achievement natapos/naabot/nagawa/natamo
prep across pahalang/sa kabila
v act akto/gawa
n activity aktibidad/pagkilos/gawain
n actor artista/istar/bituin
v add pagsamahin/sumahin/idagdag/damihan
n addition dagdag/karagdagan
n address tirahan/talumpati/direksiyon
n adjective pang-uri
admit
v 1. tell the truth about aminin
v 2. allow to enter papasukin
v adopt (take on) angkinin/gamitin
n adult matanda/maygulang
n advantage bentaha/kalamangan/pakinabang
n adventure karanasan/abentura
n adverb pang-abay
n advice payo/pangaral/tagubilin
n aerobics ehersisyong erobiko
n aeroplane eroplano
v afford makaya
adj afraid takot/natatakot
prep after sunod sa/kasunod ng
n afternoon hapon
adv afterwards matapos/pagkaraan

1
again – argue

adv again (one more time) ulit/muli

against
prep 1. next to katabi ng/kasunod sa
prep 2. anti laban sa
n age edad/gulang
adv ago lumipas/nakalipas
v agree pumayag/umayon
aid
n 1. help tulong
v 2. help tulungan
v aim (try) magsikap
n air hangin
n airport paliparan
adj all (every) lahat/buo
v allow payagan/tulutan
adv alone nag-iisa
adv aloud malakas
n alphabet alpabeto
adv already na
adv also (too) din/rin
conj although kahit na/bagaman
adv altogether ganap/buo/lubos/puspos
adv always lagi/palagi/parati
prt v am *see be
n ambulance ambulansya
n amount halaga/dami
n amphibian ampibiyan
v analyse (study) suriiin
conj and at
n angle (mathematical usage) anggulo
adj angry galit
n animal animal
n ankle bukong-bukong
adj annual taunan
answer
n 1. reply sagot/tugon
v 2. reply sumagot/tumugon
adj any alinman/kahit ano
adv anymore hindi na
pron anyone sinuman
pron anything anuman
adv apart (separate) hiwalay
n apology paghingi ng paumanhin
v appear (come into view) lumabas/lumitaw
n apple mansanas
n appointment paghirang/tipan
prt v are *see be
n area lawak/lapad
v argue mangatwiran/magtalo

2
argument – autumn

n argument katwitran/pakikipagtalo
v arise bumangon/tumayo
n arm (part of body) bisig/braso
n army hukbo
prep around sa kabi-kabila
arrange
v 1. put in order iayos
v 2. make plans ayusin
v arrest (take into custody) dakpin/hulihin
v arrive dumating/sumapit
n arrow pana
n art sining
n artist artista
adv as (to such a degree) kagaya ng
n ash abo
adj ashamed napapahiya
v ask magtanong
v assemble tipunin/magtagpo/magtipon-tipon
n assembly pagtitipon/kapulungan/katipunan
n assignment (for school) takdang-aralin
v assist tumulong/sumuporta
n assistant katulong/pangalawa
prep at sa/nasa
pt v ate *see eat
n athletics palakasan (laro)
phrase athletics carnival paligsahan ng mga manlalaro/palaro
n atom atomo
v attach ikabit/idugtong
attack
n 1. fight pag-atake/paglusob/pagsalakay
v 2. fight atakihin/lusubin/salakayin
attempt
n 1. try pagsubok/tangka/pagsusumikap
v 2. try subukin/tangkain
v attend dumalo/mag-alaga/mag-asikaso
n attendance pagdalo
n attention atensyon/pansin/asikaso
v attract umakit/akitin/tumawag-pansin
adj attractive kaakit-akit/kahali-halina
n aunt tiya
abbrev Aussie *see Australian
n Australia Australya
adj Australian Australyan
n Australian flag bandera ng Australya/watawat
n Australiana Australyana/tungkol sa Australya
n author awtor/maykatha
n autumn otonyo/taglagas

3
average – basketball

average
n 1. arithmetical mean batay sa kalahatan o kabuuan
adj 2. ordinary karaniwan/normal
v avoid iwasan/umiwas/ilagan
adj awake gising/listo
adv away malayo/palayo/umalis
prep away from palayo sa
adj awful kataka-taka/kadiri
pt v awoke *see awake
n axe palakol/putulin ng palakol

B
n baby bata/sanggol
back
n 1. body part likod
adv 2. opposite front sa likuran
phrase 3. give it back ibalik/ibigay pabalik/isauli
n backbone gulugod/mga buto sa likod
n background tanawin sa likuran/nakalipas
n backpack bagaheng pasan sa likod
n backyard bakuran
adj bad masama/di-mabuti
n badminton badminton
n bag bag
v bake magluto sa hurno/maghurno
v balance balanse/pantay/timbang
n balcony balkonahe
adj bald kalbo/panot
ball bola
n 1. toy laruang bola
colloq phr 2. have a ball (good time) magpasarap/mag-enjoy
n balloon lobo
n banana saging
n band (music group) banda/musiko
n bangle pulseras
n bank bangko
bar
n 1. place to drink bar/barikan/inuman
v 2. stop from something hadlang/sagabal
n 3. metal rod baras/kabilya
n barbecue barbikyu/ihaw-ihaw
abbrev barbie *see barbecue
adj bare walang-takip/hayag/lantad/walang-laman
n barrier harang/haling/hadlang/sagabal
n base (bottom) pundasyon/saligan
n basin (wash) palanggana
n basket basket
n basketball basketbol

4
basketball court – bid

n basketball court palaruan ng basketbol

bat
n 1. sporting equipment pamalo ng bola
n 2. animal paniki
n bath ligo/banyos
n bathroom paliguan
n battle gera/digmaan
n bay (inlet) look
abbrev BBQ *see barbecue
v be maging
n beach aplaya/baybay-dagat/dalampasigan
n beach towel tuwalyang pangbaybay
n beach umbrella payong na pangbaybay
n beak tuka
beam
n 1. ray of light sinag/silahis
n 2. wooden plank batangan
n bean bins/soya/munggo
n beard balbas
beat
v 1. win tinalo
v 2. hit paluin
n 3. rhythm kumpas
adj beautiful maganda/marikit
pt v became *see become
conj because dahil
v become maging
n bed kama
n bedroom silid-tulugan
n bee bubuyog
n beef karning baka
pt v began *see begin
v begin magsimula/magumpisa
n beginner baguhan
v behave magpakabait/kumilos ng maayos
n behaviour asal/kilos
prep behind nasa likod or likuran
n bell kampana/batingaw
v belong sumapi/umanib
n belt sinturon
n bench bangko/upuan
v bend baluktutin/ibaling/liko
pt v bent *see bend
adj best pinakamagaling/pinakamahusay
v bet taya
adj better lalong mabuti
prep between sa pagitan
n bicycle bisikleta
v bid tawad

5
big – boat

adj big malaki

abbrev bike *see bicycle
bill
n 1. money papel de bangko
n 2. account kwenta/utang
n 3. of a bird tuka
n bird ibon
birth
n 1. act of being born kapanganakan/pagsilang
phrase 2. date of birth araw ng kapanganakan or pagsilang
n birthday kaarawan
n biscuit biskwit
bit
n 1. small piece munting kagat
phrase 2. a little bit kaunti lamang
pt v 3. *see bite
v bite kagatin/kumagat
adj black (colour) itim
n blackboard pisara/blakbord
n blade talim
blame
n 1. censure sisihin
v 2. lay responsibility with managot
adj blank blangko
n blanket blangket/kumot na pranela
v bleed dumugo
pt v blew *see blow
blind
adj 1. unable to see bulag
n 2. window covering tabing
n blindness pagkabulag
block
n 1. child's toy laruang bloke
v 2. stop from doing something harangin/hadlangan
phrase 3. a block away isang bloke ang layo
phrase 4. block of flats bloke ng mga apartment
adj blond olandes
n blood dugo
adj bloody madugo
blow
n 1. hit hataw/hampas
v 2. pertaining to wind ihip
phr v 3. blow up pagsabog
blue
adj 1. colour bughaw
colloq 2. sad malungkot
n board (stiff material) tabla
n board game larong nasa tabla
n boat bangka

6
body – break

n body katawan
v boil kulo
bold
adj 1. as typeface malaki’t maitim
adj 2. daring malakas ang loob/matapang
n bomb bomba
n bone buto
n book libro
n bookshelf istante ng mga aklat
n boomerang bomerang
boot
n 1. of car lagayan ng gamit sa kotse
n 2. footwear bota
border
n 1. as of country, state pagitan/hanggahan
n 2. edge gilid
adj bored nainip
adj boring nakakainip
v borrow hiram
boss
n 1. person in charge amo/puno/hepe
v 2. tell what to do mag-utos
adj both kapuwa
v bother mang-abala
n bottle botelya
bottom
n 1. body part puwitan
n 2. lower edge kailaliman
pt v bought *see buy
v bounce magpatalbog
n bowl mangkok
n box kahon
n boy batang lalaki
abbrev bra *see brassiere
n brain utak
branch
n 1. of tree sanga
v 2. separate sangay
n brassiere brasera/bra
adj brave matapang/magiting
adv bravely buong tapang
n bread tinapay
n breadth kapal
break sira/basag/putol
n 1. pause hinto/tigil
v 2. opposite of fix pagkasira
phr v 3. break down (as in car) nasira
phr v 4. break down (as health) nagkasakit

7
breakfast – bus stop

phr v 5. break in (as housebreak) pinasok/nilusob

phr v 6. break up (for holidays) pahinga sa klase/bakasyon
n breakfast agahan
n breath hininga
v breathe paghinga
v breed magpalahi/magpalaki/uri/kasta
n brick ladrilyo/laryo
n bridge tulay
bright
adj 1. shiny makintab/maningning/maliwanag
adj 2. clever matalino
v brighten pakinangin/pasayahin/pakintabin
adj brilliant maluningning/matalino/marunong
v bring dalhin/ipagsama
adj broad maluwang/malapad
n broccoli brokoli
pt v broke *see break
colloq broke (penniless) bangkarota/walang kwarta/pera
phrase broken arm bali ang braso
n brother kapatid na lalaki
pt v brought *see bring
n brush sipilyo/brotsa/escoba/pinsel
n bucket timba
v build magtayo/magtindig/gumawa
pt v built *see build
n bulb (electric light) bombilya
n bullet bala
bully
n 1. person who harasses others maton
v 2. harass manakot
bunch
n 1. group pulutong/pangkat/grupo
phrase 2. bunch of flowers pumpon o langkay ng mga bulaklak
burn
n 1. injury caused by fire napaso
v 2. be on fire masunog
v burst pumutok/sumabog/sumambulat
v bury ilibing/ibaon
n bus bus
bush
n 1. outback kakahuyan/parang
n 2. small tree mababang halaman/palumpong
business
n 1. company negosyo
colloq phr 2. mind your own business pakialaman mo ang sarili mo
n bus stop paradahan ng bus

8
bust – cardboard

bust
colloq 1. break paputukin/hulihin
n 2. female body part dibdib/suso
adj busy abala/may ginagawa
conj but ngunit/subalit
n butcher mangangatay/partidor
n button butones/boton
v buy bumili
prep by malapit sa/sa tabi ng/katabi ng

C
n cabbage repolyo
n cable kable/kawad
n cafe kapihan
n cage hawla
n cake keyk/mamon/bibingka
v calculate kalkulahin/tantiyahin
n calculator kalkulador/tuusan
n calendar kalendaryo
call
v 1. name tawagin
n 2. as for phone tumilepono/tawagan
phr v 3. call for nangagahulugan/ibig sabihin
phr v 4. call off patigilin/pahintuin
phr v 5. call out tinawag/isinigaw
calm
adj 1. peaceful tahimik/payapa
phr v 2. calm down patahimikin/papayapain
pt v came *see come
n camera kamera/panlitrato
v camp kampo/lungga
can
v 1. able to makaya
n 2. steel container lata
n candle kandila
n canteen (tuck shop) kantina
cap
n 1. headwear gora
n 2. top takip
capital
n 1. important location kapital/pangunahing-bayan
phrase 2. capital letter malaking titik
n capsicum sili
n capsule kapsula
n captain kapitan
n car kotse/awto
n card kard/karta/etiketa
n cardboard karton

9
care – chalk

v care alaga/pagmamahal
adj careful maingat
adv carefully ingatan
n carnival karnabal
n carrot karot
carry
v 1. take dalhin
phr v 2. carry on (keep going) ituloy lang/ipagpatuloy lamang
case
n 1. bag kaha/karton
phrase 2. just in case kung sakali
n cash kuwaltang hawak/pera
cassette
phrase 1. audio cassette pinapakinggang kaset
phrase 2. video cassette pinapanoorang kaset
cast
n 1. of a play tampok
v 2. throw ihagis/itapon
n castle kastilyo/tore
adj casual kaswal/nagkataon/di-pormal
n cat pusa
catch
phrase 1. catch a train sumakay ng tren
phrase 2. catch a cold magkasipon
colloq phr 3. catch on (understand) makaintindi/malalaman
phr v 4. catch up (reach) humabol/abutin
pt v caught *see catch
cause
n 1. reason dahilan
v 2. make happen gumawa/lumikha
n cave kweba/yungib
abbrev CD *see compact disc
n ceiling kisame
n cell silid/selda/selula
n cent sentimo
adj central gitna/kalagitnaan
central processing unit
n 1. pertaining to computer utak ng kompyuter
abbrev 2. CPU
n centre sentro
n century isandaang taon/sentarya
n cereal seryal/butil
n ceremony seremonya
adj certain tiyak/sigurado
adv certainly siyanga/talaga na/oo nga
n chain (jewellery) kwintas
n chair upuan/silya
n chalk yeso/tsok/tisa

10
chance – cigarette

n chance pagkakataon
change
n 1. money barya
v 2. alter palitan/baguhin
phrase 3. change one's mind magbago ng kaisipan
phrase 4. change clothes magpalit ng damit
adj changeable pabagu-bago/madaling magbago
n change room silid-bihisan
n channel agusan/daanan
n chapter kabanata/kapitulo/sangay
n character (literary) letra/titik/tauhan sa istorya
charge
n 1. cost halaga/singilin
v 2. as for battery kargahan
phr v 3. in charge mayroong kapanagutan/tungkulin
v chase habulin
adj cheap mura/walang kwenta
v cheat mandaya
v check tsekan/pigilan/patunayan
n cheek (body part) pisngi
colloq cheeky (naughty) pilyo
cheer
v 1. make happy pasiglahin
n 2. sound expressing enthusiasm saya/tuwa/aliw/buhay
n chemist kimiko
n cheque tseke
n cherry seresa
n chess ahedres/dama
n chest kahon/kaha/kaban/baul
n chewing gum babolgam
chicken
n 1. animal manok
colloq 2. not brave takot
n child bata
adj childish parang bata/kilos-bata/isip-bata
n chin baba
chips
n 1. hot variety piniritong patatas
n 2. cold crisps pinalamig na patatas/chips
n chocolate tsokolate
n choir koro/grupo ng mang-aawit
v choose pumili/mamili
chop
n 1. meat cut hiniwang karne
v 2. cut magtadtad/magputol/maghiwa
pt v chose *see choose
n church simbahan
n cigarette sigarilyo

11
cinema – coin

n cinema sinehan
n circle bilog
adj circular pabilog
n circumference kabilugan
n city siyudad/lunsod
claim
n 1. assertion pagpapatibay/panindigan
v 2. assert magpahayag/magpatunay/patibayan
clap
n 1. loud noise malakas na kulog
v 2. show appreciation pumalakpak
n class (group of students) klase
n classmate kaeskwela/kaklase
n classroom silid-aralan
phrase classroom block hilera ng mga silid-aralan
n claw kuko/pangalmot
n clay luwad/arsilya
clean
v 1. remove dirt linisin
adj 2. opposite dirty malinis
adj clear malinaw/maliwanag
adj clever matalino
n cliff talampas
v climb akyatin/umakyat
v cling kumapit/dumikit
n clock relo/orasan
close
v 1. shut sarhan/ipinid
adj 2. near malapit
adj closed nakasarado
n cloth damit/tela
n clothes damit/kasuutan/pananamit
n clothes line sampayan
n clothing damit/pananamit
n cloud ulap
adj cloudy maulap
club
n 1. group of people klab/kapisanan
n 2. implement pamugbog/pamalo
n clue susi/hiwatig/himaton
n coal uling/karbon
n coast baybay-dagat
adj coastal baybayin/dalampasigan
n coat balat/balok
n cockatoo ibong kokato
n coconut niyog
n coffee kape
n coin barya/sinsilyo

12
cold – concern

cold
n 1. illness sipon
adj 2. opposite hot malamig
adj cold-blooded malamig ang katawan/walang awa
n collar kuwelyo/kuwintas
v collect tipunin/ipunin
n collection koleksiyon/katipunan
n college kolehiyo
colour
n 1. hue karaniwang kulay o anyo/tingkad
v 2. make colourful pasayahin/pasiglahin
adj colourful makulay
comb
n 1. hair accessory suklay
v 2. do one’s hair suklayin
come
v 1. move towards halika
phr v 2. come from galing sa/mula sa
phr v 3. come out (as in sun) sumilay/sumikat
colloq phr 4. Come on! (Let’s go.) tayo na/halika na
adj comfortable maginhawa
n comic komik/katawa-tawa
n comic strip biro/komiks pampatawa
v command mag-utos/magmando
adj common karaniwan/panlahat
n commonsense lohika
n communication komunikasyon/paguusap
n community komunidad
n compact disc compak disk
n company (business) kompanya
v compare ikompara/paghambingin
n compass aguhon
n compasses (geometry pangguhit-bilog
equipment)
v compete magkompetensiya
n competition kompetisyon
v complain dumaing/magdamdam
n complaint daing/himutok
complete
v 1. finish buuin/tapusin
adj 2. finished tapos/lubos/ganap
v complicate guluhin/pahirapin
adj complicated komplikaso/gulo/salimuot
n complication komplikasyon
n composer kompositor/kahista
n composition komposisyon
n computer kompyuter
n concern kapakanan/balisa

13
concerned – couple

adj concerned nababalisa/nababahala

n concert konsiyerto/pagkakasundo
n condition kondisyon/kalagayan
n cone (geometrical shape) kono
v confuse lituhin/pagkamalan
v congratulate bumati/batiin
v connect ikabit/I-ugnay/pagdugtungin
n connection koneksyon/kaugnayan
adj conscious may malay/gising/sinadya
v consider isipin/pag-aralan/isaalang-alang
phr v consist of binubuo ng
n consonant katinig
v contain maglaman/masaklaw/may-laman
n container lalagyan/sisidlan
n contents (as of a book) nilalaman/laman
v continue tumuloy/magpatuloy
contrast
n 1. difference kaibhan
v 2. find differences pag-iba-ibahin
v control kontrol
n conversation pag-uusap
convict
n 1. person convicted of a crime ang nahatulan/bilanggo
v 2. find guilty of a crime sentensiyado/masentensiyahan
v cook taga-luto/magluto
cool
adj 1. opposite warm presko/malamig-lamig
colloq 2. trendy nasa uso
copy
n 1. imitation paggaya/imitasyon
v 2. imitate gayahin/tularan
n corner kanto/sulok
correct
v 1. make right itama/iwasto
adj 2. right tama/wasto
n corridor koridor/pasilyo
v cost halaga/magkano
n cotton algodon/koton/bulak
n cotton wool yaring lana at bulak
cough
n 1. the act or sound of coughing pag-ubo
v 2. expel air from the lungs i-ubo/tikhim
n council konsilyo/konseho
n counsellor tagapayo
country
n 1. political division balwarte
n 2. opposite city kabukiran
n couple mag-asawa/dalawa/mag-partner

14
courage – crush

n courage tapang/tibay ng loob

adj courageous matapang/walang-gulat
course
n 1. set of lessons kursong aralin
n 2. way to go dadaanan
phrase 3. of course (naturally) dapat lang/siyanga
n court (as tennis court) palaruan (kort)
n cousin pinsan
cover
n 1. outside of a book pabalat
v 2. put cover on something takpan/balutan
n coward duwag/mahinang-loob
n crab alimango
v crack putok/lagitik/basag
craft
n 1. vessel sasakyan
n 2. handiwork sining/arte/galing ng kamay
crash
n 1. collision banggaan
v 2. shatter bumagsak/lumagapak
adj crazy loko/ ulol/hibang
n creature nilikha/nilalang
n creek munting ilog
v creep gumapang
n crescent (shape) bagong buwan/buwang hugis suklay
cricket
n 1. insect kerwe/grilyo
n 2. sport kriket
criminal
n 1. person who commits crime kriminal/salarin
adj 2. against the law labag sa batas
n crocodile buwaya
adj crooked kilo/baluktot
n crops tanim/ani/butse/balumbalunan
cross
n 1. a symbol of two intersecting krus
lines
adj 2. angry bugnutin/mainit ang ulo
v 3. move from one side to another bumagtas
phr v 4. cross out (delete) ekesan
n crossword pahalang na salitang palaisipan
n crowd pulutong/maraming tao
adj crowded siksikan
adj cruel malupit
crush
v 1. flatten iitin/durugin/ilupig
colloq 2. a liking for someone may gusto

15
cry – darkness

cry
n 1. loud utterance sigaw/hiyaw
v 2. weep umiiyak
n cube kubo/dais
n cucumber pipino
n cupboard paminggalan
v cure gamutin/pagalingin/bigyang-lunas
adj curious mausisa/kuryoso
curl
n 1. ringlet of hair likaw/buhok na kulot
v 2. form curls kulutin/ringlitin
n currency (money) pera/kwalta
current
adj 1. topical laganap/kasalukuyan
n 2. moving water agos/alimbukay
n curtain kurtina
n curve liko/kurba
n custom ugali/kustombre
n customer kustomer/parukyano
v cut hiwa/tabas/putol
adj cute kiyut/kaakit-akit
cycle
v 1. ride bisikleta
n 2. circular event siklo/ikot
n cylinder silindro/bumbungan

D
abbrev dad *see father
abbrev daddy *see father
adj daily araw-araw
damage
n 1. injury sira/pinsala
v 2. cause injury sirain/pinsalain
adj damp basa-basa/umedo
n damper (type of bread) tinapay na damper
dance
n 1. social gathering for dancing sayawan/baylihan
v 2. rhythmical movement sumaayaw/pag-indak
n danger panganib
adj dangerous mapanganib
adj daring mapangahas/mapaghamon/di-duwag
dark
adj 1. opposite light dilim
adj 2. opposite fair maitim
n darkness kadiliman

16
date – dependable

date
n 1. calendar petsa
n 2. fruit date
n daughter anak na babae
n day araw
adj dead patay
adj deaf bingi
deal
n 1. amount transakyon
v 2. give out mamigay/mamudmod
n death pagkamatay
n debt utang/pananagutan
decay
n 1. decomposition pagkabulok/pagka-agnas
v 2. rot mabulok
v deceive magdaya/manlinlang
v decide magpasiya
n decimal desimal
n decision desisyon/kapasiyahan
n deck (of house) sahig
v declare ideklara
decrease
n 1. diminution pag-unti/pagliit/paliit
v 2. become smaller in number umunti/lumiit
adj deep malalim
defeat
n 1. loss pagkatalo
v 2. beat tumalo
v define ilarawan
degree
n 1. of temperature sidhi/digri
n 2. amount dami
delay
n 1. hold up pagpigil/pagbimbin/pag-antala
v 2. put off till later pigilan/bimbinin
abbrev deli *see delicatessen
n delicatessen tindahan ng mga lutong pagkain
n delight galak/lugod
adj delightful nakagagalak/nakalulugod
v deliver dalhin/ihatid
demand
n 1. urgent requirement hingin/hilingin
v 2. ask for with authority hinging-pautos
v demonstrate ipakita/ipamalas
n demonstration pagpapamalas
n dentist dentista
v depend mabatay/manangan
adj dependable maaasahan

17
dependant – discussion

adj dependant nananangan/umaasa

n depth lalim/pusod
v descend bumaba/lumusong
v describe ilarawan/iguhit
n description paglalarawan/diskripsiyon
desert
n 1. hot, dry place disyerto
v 2. leave iwanan/pabayaan
v deserve karapat-dapat
desire
n 1. longing nais/nasa/hangad
v 2. wish for magnais/magnasa
n desk mesa/pupitre
v destroy gibain/sirain
n destruction pagkasira
detail
n 1. minute part detalyado/detalye
v 2. describe fully i-detalye/ilarawang maigi
n detective detektib/tiktik
n detention (pertaining pagpigil
to school)
v dial i-dayal/pindutin
n diameter diyametro/bantod
diamond
n 1. precious stone diyamante
adj 2. shape hugis-diyamante
n diary tala-arawan
n dictionary talahulugan/diksiyonaryo
pt v did *see do
n didgeridoo didgerido
v die mamatay
n diet diyeta
adj different iba/magkaiba
adj difficult mahirap
v dig maghukay
n dingo dinggo/katutubong aso ng Australya
n dinner hapunan
n dinosaur dinosauro
n direction direksyon
n dirt dumi/lupa
adj dirty marumi
v disagree di magkasundo
n disagreement hidwaan/pagtatalo
n disc (round, flat object) disk
n disco diskuhan/sayawan
v discover matuklasan
n discovery pagkakatuklas
v discuss talakayin/pagtalunan
n discussion pagtatalakay/paguusap

18
disease – drop

n disease sakit/masamang karamdaman

n dish plato/putahe
n dishwasher (appliance) de-makinang hugasan ng pinggan
n disk (of computers) disk
n disk drive tagatulak ng disk
v dislike di gusto
v dismiss palabasin/pauwiin
n distance layo/agwat
v disturb guluhin
v dive sumisid
v divide hatiin
n division paghahati
v divorce diborsiyo/kalag-kasal
do
v 1. perform isagawa
phrase 2. What does she do? anong gawain/trabaho niya?
(what's her job?)
phrase 3. How do you do? (greeting) kumusta kayo?
n doctor duktor
n document dokumento
n dog aso
n dollar dolyar
n door pintuan
v double doble
doubt
n 1. uncertainty duda/alinlangan
v 2. hesitate to believe mag-alinlangan
v drag kaladkarin
n dragon dragon
pt v drank *see drink
v draw hilahin
n drawer lalagyang hinihila
dream
n 1. images during sleep panaginip
v 2. imagine mangarap
pt v dreamt *see dream
dress
n 1. woman's clothing kasuutan
v 2. to put on clothing magdamit/magsuot
pt v drew *see draw
drink
n 1. beverage inumin
v 2. swallow liquid uminom
v drive magmaneho
n driveway daanan mula kalye papasok sa bahay
drop
n 1. small amount of water patak
v 2. let fall papatakin/pabagsakin

19
drought – email

n drought tag-tuyot
pt v drove *see drive
v drown nalunod
n drug gamut/druga
n drum dram/lalagyan
n drunk (person who drinks lasinggero
too much alcohol)
adj dry tuyo
pt v dug *see dig
adj dumb pipi
prep during noong panahon ng
dust
n 1. dirt alikabok/dumi
v 2. clean of dirt malinis/walang dumi
n duster panlinis ng alikabok/damit pambahay
n duty (something you must do) tungkulin

E
n eagle agila
n ear tainga/tenga
adj early maaga
v earn kumita/kitain
n earring hikaw
n earth daigdig/mundo
n east silangan
adj easy madali/maalwan
v eat kumain
n echidna ekidna
n edge gilid
v edit iwasto/isa-ayos
n education edukasyon
n effect bisa/epekto
n effort sikap/punyagi
n egg itlog
adj either alinman
n elastic elastiko/nahuhutok
n elbow siko
elder
adj 1. older than mas nakatatanda
n 2. older person matanda
n election eleksiyon/halalan
n electrician elektrisyan
n electricity elektrisidad
email
n 1. Internet letter internet na sulat
v 2. send an Internet letter sumulat gamit ang internet

20
embarrass – excellent

v embarrass hiyain/gipitin
adj embarrassed hiniya
n emergency biglang pangangailangan/kagipitan
n emigrant emigrante
n emotion emosyon/damdamin
v employ gumamit
n employee namamasukan/empleyado
n employer taga-empleo/may-patrabaho
n employment trabaho/pamamasukan
adj empty walang laman/basiyo
n emu emyu
v encourage pasiglahin/pukawin/himukin
end
n 1. termination wakas/katapusan
v 2. finish tapusin
n enemy kaaway/kalaban
engaged
adj 1. busy walang panahon/abala
adj 2. soon to be married kumasundo
n engine makina
v enjoy ikalugod/ikatuwa/ikasiya
adj enormous napakalaki/katakut-takot
adj enough tama na/sapat
v enquire mag-usisa/magtanong
v enter pumasok
v entertain istimahin/libangin/aliwin
n entertainment panlilibang/pang-aaliw
n entrance pasukan/pinto
n entry pagpasok
n envelope enbelop/sobre
n environment kapaligiran
adj equal pantay/parehas
n equator ekwador/hati ng mundo
n equipment kagamitan
escape
n 1. an act of escaping pagtakas
v 2. get away tumakas
adv even (divisible by two) pares/patas
n evening gabi
n event pangyayari
adj every bawa’t
abbrev exam *see examination
n examination pagsusuri
example
n 1. illustration ilustrasyon
abbrev 2. e.g.
adj excellent magaling/dalubhasa/napakahusay

21
exchange – factory

exchange
n 1. act of exchanging palitan
v 2. give up for an equivalent pakikipagpalitan
v excite pukawin
adj excited masiglang-masigla/tuwang-tuwa
n excitement pagiging masigla
adj exciting nakapagpapasigla/nakatutuwa
n excursion ekskursyon/pagliliwaliw
excuse
n 1. justification dahilan
v 2. pardon magpatawad
int 3. Excuse me! patawarin po
exercise
n 1. physical work pagganap/paghehersisyo
n 2. class work pagsasanay
n 3. exercise book aklat ng pagsasanay
exit
n 1. way out labasan
v 2. go out lumabas
v expect asahan
adj expensive mamahalin
experience
n 1. thing undergone karanasan
v 2. undergo danasin/dumanas
experiment
n 1. science trial eksperimento
v 2. try something pagsubok/pagtitikim
v explain magpaliwanag
n explanation paliwanag
v explode pumutok/sumabog
v explore galugarin
express
adj 1. fast mabilisan
v 2. say ipahayag/sabihin
expression
n 1. on face ekspresyon/hitsura
n 2. in words pananalita
adj extra dagdag/palabis
n eye mata
n eyebrow kilay

F
face
n 1. part of body mukha
phrase 2. face the front humarap sa unahan
colloq phr 3. Face it! (believe it) harapin mo/paniwalaan mo
n fact pangyayari
n factory pabrika/pagawaan

22
fade – fence

v fade kumupas
v fail magkulang/mabigo/bumagsak
faint
adj 1. not dark malabo
v 2. become unconscious mawalan ng malay/himatayin
fair
adj 1. just patas/makatarungan
adj 2. light mapusyaw/maputi
adv fairly (quite) marami-rami
n fairy diwata/engkantada
v fall mahulog
adj false mali
adj familiar pamilyar/alam na alam/kilala
family
n 1. kin kapamilya/kamag-anak
n 2. family tree linya ng pamilya
adj famous kilala/bantog/tanyag
fan
n 1. great admirer tagahanga
n 2. equipment to blow air bentilador
adj far malayo
n fare (cost for trip) pamasahe
n farm bukid/sakahan
n fashion moda/uso
adj fashionable moderno/sunod sa uso
fast
adv 1. quick mabilis
adv 2. forward in time nangunguna
v 3. go without food mag-ayuno
v fasten ikabit
adj fat mataba
n father ama/tatay
n fault kamalian
n favour tulong
adj favourite paborito/kinikilingan
n fax faks
fear
n 1. feeling of impending danger pangamba
v 2. be afraid pagkatakot
n feather pakpak/balahibo
v feed pakanin
feel
v 1. as emotion damdamin/maramdaman
v 2. touch damahin/hipuin
pt v fell *see fall
pt v felt *see feel
adj female (of gender) babae
n fence bakod

23
ferry – flashing

n ferry bantilan/tawiran/lantsa
n festival pista
n fever lagnat
adj few kaunti
field
n 1. where sport is played larangan/palaruan
n 2. open land linang/bukid
adj fierce mabagsik
fight
n 1. battle labanan
v 2. engage in battle makilaban
figure
n 1. number numero
n 2. person sagisag/sikat/pigura
phr v 3. figure out (understand) maintindihan
v fill punuin
n film pelikula
adj final panghuli
v find makita/matagpuan
fine
adj 1. not raining maaliwalas
adj 2. opposite thick pino/manipis
adj 3. well (healthy) maayos/malusog
n finger daliri
finish
n 1. end point katapusan/hulihan
v 2. end wakas
fire
v 1. cease to employ tanggal
v 2. shoot barilin
n 3. something burning sunog
n fireworks paputok
adv first una
n first aid pangunang-lunas
fish
n 1. water creature isda
v 2. catch fish mangisda
n fishing rod pamingwit
fit
adj 1. healthy malusog
n 2. size tamang-tama/plastado
phrase 3. fit in with (match well) bumagay sa
v fix ayusin
n flag bandera/watawat
n flame apoy
n flash (bright light) kislap
adj flashing kumikislap

24
flat – form

flat
n 1. dwelling bahay
adj 2. shape patag
n flavour lasa
pt v flew *see fly
n flight paglipad
v float lumutang
n flood baha
floor
n 1. part of a room sahig
n 2. level of a building palapag
n floppy disk flapi disk/plaka ng kompyuter
v flow agos
n flower bulaklak
abbrev flu *see influenza
fly
n 1. insect langaw
v 2. move through the air lumipad
n fog (weather condition) ulop
adj foggy maulop
v fold tiklupin
n folder polder
v follow sumunod
n font bukal
n food pagkain
n fool ungas
adj foolish liko/nakakatawa
n foot paa
n football putbol
n footwear kasuutan sa paa
for
phrase 1. for us para sa atin
phrase 2. for NSW para sa NSW
phrase 3. for $5 sa halagang $5
force
n 1. strength lakas/pwersa
v 2. impose on pilitin/pwersahin
adj foreign (not native) dayo
n foreigner dayuhan/banyaga
n forest gubat
pt v forgave *see forgive
v forget makalimot
v forgive magpatawad
pt v forgot *see forget
n fork tinidor
form
n 1. paper you fill in pormularyo/porma
v 2. make hubugin/gawin

25
fortnight – funeral

n 3. shape kalagayan
n fortnight tuwing dalawang linggo
adj fortunate maswerte
adv fortunately mabuti na lang
fortune
n 1. large amount of money kayamanan
n 2. luck kapalaran
pt v fought *see fight
pt v found *see find
n fountain bukal/batis
n fraction maliit na bahagi
n frame kuwadro
free
adj 1. costing nothing libre
adj 2. unoccupied walang gumagamit
v 3. let go pawalan
n freedom kalayaan
v freeze papagyeluhi/patigasin sa lamig
n freezer (appliance) palamigan/priser
adj frequent madalas
adj fresh sariwa
abbrev fridge *see refrigerator
n friend kaibigan
adj friendly palakaibigan
n fright sindak
v frighten sindakin
from
phrase 1. from Sydney galing sa Sydney
phrase 2. from my grandmother galing sa aking lola
phrase 3. from $10 magmula $10
front
adj 1. opposite back harapan
prep 2. in front of nasa unahan
n front door harapang pinto
n front steps unahang mga baitang
v frown magkunot ng noo
pt v froze *see freeze
n fruit prutas
full
adj 1. opposite empty puno
adj 2. not hungry busog
n full stop (punctuation mark) tuldok
fun
n 1. mirthful amusement pagkakatuwa
colloq phr 2. make fun of (ridicule) biruin/pagtawanan
n funeral libing

26
funny – girl

funny
adj 1. humorous nakatatawa
adj 2. strange kakaiba
n fur pinong balahibo
n furniture mga kasangkapan
adj further higit pa
n future hinaharap

G
v gamble sugal
n game laro
n gaol *see jail
n gap siwang
n garage (of house) garahe
n garden hardin
n garlic bawang
n gas gas
n gate tarangkahan/pintuan
v gather tipunin
pt v gave *see give
gay
adj 1. happy masaya
adj 2. homosexual bakla/tomboy
n gender kasarian
general
adj 1. usual pangkalahatan
n 2. rank in army heneral
adv generally karaniwan
n generosity kagandahang–loob
adj generous mapagbigay
adj gentle marahan
get
v 1. become maging
v 2. receive tumanggap
v 3. possess magkaroon
v 4. arrive dumating
v 5. obtain magkamit
phr v 6. get on with (like) magkaayos ni
phr v 7. get out (leave) lumayo
phr v 8. get together (meet) magkita–kita
phr v 9. get up (arise) tumayo
phr v 10. get rid of (dispose of) itapon
giant
n 1. huge mythical being higante
adj 2. very big mala–higante/napakalaki
n gift regalo
n girl nene/dalaga

27
give – grain

give
v 1. hand to magbigay
phr v 2. give in (hand in) ibigay
colloq phr 3. give in (surrender) isuko
phr v 4. give out (distribute) ipagkaloob/ipamudmod
phr v 5. give up (surrender) suko na
phr v 6. give up (stop as for smoking) tinigilan na
adj glad natutuwa
glass
n 1. window material bintanang salamin
n 2. drinking vessel baso
n glasses (for eyesight) salamin/anteohos
n glove guwantes
go
v 1. move magpunta
phrase 2. go by bus sumakay ng bus
phrase 3. go out with sumama kay
phr v 4. go wrong sumama ang takbo
phr v 5. go on with (continue) ituloy lang
phr v 6. go well maayos lang
phr v 7. go over (check) tsekin
phr v 8. go through (check) i-tsek muli
phr v 9. go after (chase) habulin
n god diyos
n gold ginto
adj golden ginintuan
good
adj 1. opposite bad mabuti
phrase 2. vegetables are good for you mga gulay ay mabuti para sa iyo
colloq phr 3. Good for you! (congratulations) Magaling para sa iyo
int 4. Good afternoon (greeting) Magandang hapon
int 5. Goodbye Paalam
int 6. Good day (greeting) Magandang araw
int 7. Good morning (greeting) Magandang umaga
int 8. Good night (farewell) Magandang gabi
goodness
n 1. virtue kabutihan
int 2. My goodness! diyos ko po!
(expression of surprise)
n goods mga gamit/paninda
n gossip tsismis
pt v got *see get
v govern mamahala
n government gobyerno
n governor gobernador
v grab sunggaban
adv gradually paunti-unti
n grain butil

28
grand – habit

adj grand maringal/sagana

n grandchild apo
n granddaughter apong babae
n grandfather lolo
n grandmother lola
n grandparent lolo’t lola
n grandson apong lalaki
n grape ubas
n graph grapika/talaguhitan
n grass damo
adj grateful nagpapasalamat
n grave libingan/puntod
adj great malaki
n greed takaw
adj greedy katakawan
adj green berde/luntian
v greet batiin
n greeting pagbati
pt v grew *see grow
adj grey abuhin
n grief dalamhati
v grieve magdalamhati
v grill (cooking) ihawan
gross
adj 1. total kabuuan
colloq 2. disgusting nakahihiya
ground
n 1. earth lupa
adj 2. bottom (as for ground floor) ibaba/unang palapag
n group grupo
phrase group of students grupo ng mga estudyante
v grow lumaki
n grown-up binata or dalaga na
v guard bantayan
n guardian taga-bantay
v guess hulaan
n guest bisita
guide
n 1. leader giya/patnubay
v 2. show the way patnubayan
n guilt kasalanan
adj guilty maysala
n guitar gitara
n gum tree punong gam
abbrev gym *see gymnasium
n gymnasium himnasyo/dyim

H
n habit ugali

29
had – have

pt v had *see have

n hail (weather condition) butil-butil na yelo
n hailstorm ulan ng yelo
n hair buhok
n haircut gupit ng buhok
adj halal patayin (seremonyang muslim)
half
adj 1. equal part of kalahati
phrase 2. half-past eight kalahating oras makalipas ang alas otso
n hall bulwagan
n hallway pasilyo
v halve hinati
n hamburger hamburger
n hammer martilyo
hand
n 1. body part kamay
n 2. hand-out limos
phr v 3. hand in iabot
n handbag hanbag
n handball larong hanbol
handle
n 1. thing that may be held tatangnan
v 2. touch hawakan
adj handsome makisig
n handwriting sulat-kamay
hang
v 1. suspend isabit/ibitin
phr v 2. hang around (loiter) gumala
phr v 3. hang onto (hold) kumapit
phr v 4. hang up (put receiver down) ibaba
int 5. Hang on! (wait) hintay
v happen mangyari
n happiness kaligayahan
adj happy maligaya
n harbour puwerto/daungan
hard
adj 1. difficult mahirap
adj 2. not soft matigas
adv hardly (rarely) bahagya na
v harm pinsala
n harvest ani
n hat sumbrero
v hate pagkasuklam
have
v 1. own mayroon
phrase 2. have a headache masakit ang ulo
phrase 3. have dinner maghapunan
phrase 4. have a hair cut magpagupit
phr v 5. have on (wear) magsuot ng

30
have to – his

phr v have to (be compelled to) dapat na

pron he siya
head
n 1. body part ulo
n 2. leader pinuno
n headache sakit ng ulo
n heading (title) titulo
n health kalusugan
adj healthy malusog
n heap (pile) patong-patong
v hear marinig
pt v heard *see hear
n heart puso
heat
v 1. warm mainit
n 2. warmth init
n heater (appliance) taga-init
adj heavy mabigat
n height taas
pt v held *see hold
n helicopter helikopter
int hello helo
help
n 1. aid pagtulong
phrase 2. help yourself (serve yourself) asikasuhin ang sarili mo
colloq phr 3. I can't help it (I have no hindi ko maiwasan
control over it)
adj helpful matulungin
n hemisphere hemisper/kalahati ng mundo
her
phrase 1. ask her tanungin mo siya
phrase 2. her book kanyang libro
adv here dito
n hero bayani
v hesitate mag-alinlangan
n hexagon heksagono
int hi hay
pt v hid *see hide
v hide magtago
high
adj 1. tall matangkad/mataas
adj 2. as for musical note mataas
phrase high-heeled shoe mataas ang takong na sapatos
n high school mataas na paaralan
n hill burol
pron him kanya
n hip balakang
v hire umupa/mag-renta
pron his kanya

31
history – however

n history kasaysayan
hit
v 1. strike paluin
colloq 2. winner tagumpay
v hitch-hike umangkas
n hobby libangan
hold
v 1. grasp hawakan
n 2. hold-up (robbery) nakawan
n 3. hold-up (delay) pagkabinbin
int 4. Hold it! (stop) itigil
colloq phr 5. hold on (wait) maghintay sa
n hole butas
n holiday walang pasok/bakasyon/kapistahan
adj hollow hungkag/walang laman
adj holy banal
n home tahanan
adj homesick sabik sa pag-uwi
n homework (school work you gawaing-bahay
do at home)
n honest di mandaraya/matapat
hook
n 1. curved piece of metal kawit
v 2. catch namingwit
hope
n 1. expectation pag-asa
v 2. wish inaasahan
n horizon kagiliran
horn
n 1. animal part sungay
n 2. car part busina
adj horrible nakapanghihilakbot/nakakikilabot
n horror pagkatakot
n horse kabayo
n hospital ospital
n host mayhanda
n hostel bahay-tuluyan
hot
adj 1. very warm napakainit
colloq 2. very good magaling
n hotel otel
n hot-plate lutuang-mainit na bakal
n hour oras
n house bahay
n housework (domestic work) gawain sa bahay
how
adv 1. in what way papaano
colloq phr 2. how come? (why) papaanong nangyari
conj however gayunpaman

32
huge – industry

adj huge napakalaki

human
adj 1. of people pantao
n 2. human being tao
n humour katatawanan
pt v hung *see hang
adj hungry gutom
v hunt pangangaso
hurry
v 1. move quickly bilisan
colloq phr 2. hurry up dalian
hurt
v 1. injure saktan
adj 2. wounded nasugatan
n hut kubo

I
pron I ako
n ice yelo
n ice-cream sorbets
adj ideal huwaran
conj if kung
adj ill maysakit/may karamdaman
adj illegal iligal/labag sa batas
n illness karamdaman
n illustration pagpapakita
v imagine ipalagay
adj immediate madalian
adv immediately kaagad
n immigrant imigrante/dayo
adj important mahalaga
adj impossible hindi mangyayari
v improve pabutihin
in
prep 1. indicates enclosed place sa loob ng
phrase 2. in Australia sa Australya
phrase 3. in January sa Enero
phrase 4. in English sa Ingles
phrase 5. in pencil sa lapis
phrase 6. in love sa pag-ibig
phrase 7. in danger sa panganib
phrase 8. in time (not late) nasa oras
v include isama
n income kinita
adj incorrect hindi tama
v increase dagdagan
n index palatandaan
adj indoor panloob
n industry industriya

33
infect – is

v infect makahawa
n infection impeksyon
v influence impluwensya
n influenza trangkaso
v inform ipabatid
n information impormasyon
prep in front of sa harap ng
v inhabit tirahan
n inhabitant ang naninirahan
initial
adj 1. first pang-una
n 2. first letter of name unang letra ng pangalan
n injection ineksiyon
v injure manakit/masugatan
n injury pinsala
adj inner sa loob
adj innocent walang-sala/inosente
n insect insekto
v insert isuot
prep inside loob
v insist ipilit
instant
n 1. moment sandali
adj 2. immediate biglaan
adv instead sa halip
v instruct magturo
n instruction turo
n instrument (musical) instrumentong pangmusika
n insurance paseguruhan/seguro
adj intelligent matalino
v intend magbalak
n interest kapakanan
adj interested may interes
adj interesting kawiliwili
n Internet internet
v interrupt abalahin
n intersection interseksiyon
n interview panayam
prep into sa
v introduce ipakilala
n introduction (of a book) pambungad
v invent imbento
n invitation paanyaya
v invite anyayahan
iron
n 1. metal bakal
n 2. household appliance plantsa
v 3. as for clothing plantsahin
prt v is *see be

34
island – keyboard

n island malaking isla

it
pron 1. subject ito
pron 2. object ito
pron its (possessive) nito/niyon

J
n jacket diyaket
n jail kulungan/bilangguan
n jar garapon
adj jealous pagseselos
n jeans pantalon
n jet diyet/puslit
n jewel hiyas
n jewellery alahas
n job trabaho
v jog tumakbo ng payagyag
n jogger mananakbo
join
v 1. unite pagsamahin
v 2. as a club sumapi
adj joint pinagsama
n joke biro
n journey paglalakbay
n joy kaligayahan
judge
n 1. person in court huwes/mahistrado
v 2. make a decision about magpasiya/magdesisyon
n judgment kapasiyahan
n judo dyudo
n juice katas
v jump tumalon
n jumper (clothing) diyaket/sweter
just
adv 1. only lamang
adj 2. fair makatarungan

K
n kangaroo kanggaro
keep
v 1. hold on to mahawakan
phr v 2. keep away ilayo
phr v 3. keep going ituloy
phr v 4. keep out huwag lalapit/papasok
phr v 5. keep up ipagpatuloy
colloq phr 6. The teacher kept us in ikinulong kami ng guro
pt v kept *see keep
n key susi
n keyboard tipaan ng makinilya

35
keyring – large

n keyring liyabera
n keyword salitang pinakasusi
v kick sipain
colloq kid (child) bata
v kill patayin
n killer mamamatay-tao
kind
adj 1. good hearted mapagpala
n 2. type tipo/uri
n kindness kabaitan
n king hari
v kiss halik
n kitchen kusina
n knee tuhod
v kneel lumuhod
pt v knelt *see kneel
pt v knew *see know
n knife kutsilyo
v knit maggantsilyo
n knob hawakan
v knock kumatok
n knot buhol
know
v 1. understand malaman
v 2. be acquainted with makilala
phrase 3. Let me know (tell me) ipaalam sa akin
n koala kowala
n kookaburra ibong kukabara

L
abbrev lab *see laboratory
n label etikita
n laboratory laboratoryo
n labour paggawa
v lack kulangin
n lad binatilyo
n ladder hagdan
pt v laid *see lay
n lake lawa
n lamp ilawan/lampara
land
n 1. opposite of sea lupa
n 2. country bansa
v 3. as for plane lupain
n language wika
lap
n 1. body part kandungan
n 2. distance in a pool ligid
adj large malaki

36
last – less

last
adj 1. opposite of first kahuli-hulihan
v 2. endure magtagal
adv lastly bilang wakas
adj late (opposite of early) nahuli
adv lately kamakailan lamang
adv later sa bandang huli
v laugh tumawa
n laughter tawa
n laundry labanderiya/panglabahan
n law batas
n lawn damuhan
n lawyer abogado
lay
v 1. as for eggs mangitlog
v 2. put ilapag
adj lazy tamad
lead
v 1. go first manguna
n 2. holder for a dog pang-akay
n leader pinuno
n leadership pamumuno
n leaf dahon
v leak tulo
lean
v 1. incline sumandal
adj 2. thin payat
v leap lumundag
n leap year taong bisyesto/taong pares
v learn matutuhan
pt v learnt *see learn
adj least pinakamaliit
n leather katad/balat
leave
v 1. separate from iwanan
n 2. time off pagbabakasyon
phr v 3. leave alone iwanang mag-isa
phr v 4. leave on iwanang umaandar
phr v 5. leave out napag-iwanan
pt v led *see lead
pt v left *see leave
adj left (opposite of right) kaliwa
adj left-handed kaliwete
n leg binti
n lemon limon/kahel
v lend magpahiram
n length kahabaan
pt v lent *see lend
adv less kakaunti/kulang sa

37
lesson – lizard

n lesson leksiyon
let
v 1. allow pahintulutan
v 2. rent upahan/rentahan
letter
n 1. as of alphabet titik
n 2. correspondence sulat
n letterbox buson
n lettuce letsugas
adj level taas
n liar sinungaling
n library aklatan/biblioteka
n licence lisensya
v lick dilaan
n lid takip
lie
v 1. tell untruths magsinungaling
phr v 2. lie down mahiga
n life buhay
n lifesaver tagapagligtas
lift
v 1. raise iangat/itaas
n 2. elevator asensor/elebeytor
n 3. car ride iangkas/pasakay
light
n 1. opposite of darkness liwanag
n 2. as for electric light ilaw
adj 3. not dark maliwanag
adj 4. not heavy magaan
n lighter (as for cigarettes) pansindi/layter
n lightning kidlat
like
v 1. be fond of magustuhan
prep 2. similar to katulad ng
n limit hangganan
n line guhit
n lip labi
n liquid likido
n list listahan/talaanan
v listen makinig
pt v lit *see light
n litter kalat
adj little maliit
live
v 1. exist mabuhay
adj 2. opposite of dead buhay
n living (job) trabaho
n living room salas
n lizard butiki

38
load – lunch

v load maglulan/kargahan
n lobster ulang
local
n 1. person from a particular area tagarito
adj 2. pertaining to an area lugar/dito
n location kinaroroonan
v lock isusi/susian
n log (wood) troso
n lolly kendi
adj lonely malungkot
long
adj 1. opposite of short mahaba
phr v 2. long for (want) gusto ng
phrase 3. How long?(as time) gaano katagal
phrase 4. How long?(as length) gaano kahaba
phrase 5. long ago matagal na panahon na
look
n 1. glance sulyapan
phr v 2. look at tingnan
phr v 3. look after alagaan ang
phr v 4. look for hanapin ang
phr v 5. look forward to inaasahan ang
phr v 6. look up to tularan
phrase 7. look like (resemble) para/katulad/kahawig
adj loose maluwag
lose
v 1. opposite of find mawala
v 2. opposite of win matalo
phrase 3. she lost her mother namatay ang ina
(her mother died)
n loss pagkawala
pt v lost *see lose
lot
n 1. destiny kapalaran
phrase 2. a lot of karamihan ng/marami sa
adj loud malakas
n lounge room pahingahan/sala
love
n 1. passionate affection pag-ibig
v 2. feel passionate hilig/mawili
adj low mababa
n lower case maliit na titik
adj loyal tapat
n luck kapalaran
adj lucky maswerte
n lump bukol
n lunch tanghalian

39
machine – match

M
n machine makina
mad
adj 1. angry galit
adj 2. insane ulol/luko-luko
colloq phr 3. mad about (loves) nahihibang sa
n madam sinyora
pt v made *see make
n magazine magasin
n magic mahiya/gayuma/salamangka
n magpie ibong magpay
mail
n 1. correspondence liham
v 2. send sulatan
adj main pangunahin
make
v 1. manufacture gumawa
phrase 2. make the bed ayusin ang higaan
phrase 3. make friends makipagkaibigan
phr v 4. make up (reconcile) makipagkasundo
n make-up mek-ap/pampaganda
adj male lalaki
n mammal mamalya
n man lalaki
v manage mangasiwa
n manager tagapangasiwa
n mandarin mandarin
n mango mangga
n manner (way) paraan
n manners (pertaining to kagawian
polite behaviour)
v manufacture gawa
adj many marami
n map mapa
n margin (of a book) marhen
n marijuana marihuana
mark
v 1. correct markahan
n 2. numerical value for work kahalagahan
n 3. spot tatak
n market pamilihan
n marriage kasal
v marry ikasal
n mat banig
match
v 1. suit pareha
n 2. implement for lighting pusporo

40
mate – midday

n 3. game laban
n mate (friend) kaibigan
n material materyal
n mathematics matematika
abbrev maths *see mathematics
matter
n 1. substance sangkap
phrase 2. What's the matter? anong nangyayari
phrase 3. It matters a lot ito’y mahalagang-mahalaga
v may (allowed to) maaari/pwede
adv maybe maaaring
pron me ako
n meal pagkain
mean
v 1. intend mangahulugan/sadyain
n 2. average kalagitnaan/katamtaman
phrase 3. I didn't mean it (accidental) di ko sinasadya
n meaning ibig sabihin
n means (resources) kakayahan
pt v meant *see mean
adv meanwhile samantala
v measure sukatin
n measurement kasukatan/sukat
n meat karne
n meat pie empanadang karne
n mechanic mekaniko
n medication paggamot
n medicine gamot
adj medium panggitna
v meet makita/makasalubong
n melon milon
v melt matunaw
n member miyembro/kasapi
v memorise isaulo
n memory alaala
v mend magkumpuni
adj mental mental/pang-isip
v mention banggitin
menu
n 1. list in restaurant listahan ng ulam
n 2. list on a computer patnubay sa kompyuter
n mess gulo/kalat
n message mensahe/pahatid
pt v met *see meet
n metal bakal
n method paraan
n microscope mikroskopyo
n microwave (oven) maykroweb na hurno
n midday katanghalian

41
middle – moist

middle
adj 1. central kalagitnaan
n 2. centre gitna
adj middle-aged nasa gitnang gulang
n midnight hatinggabi
might
v 1. express possibility titingnan/maaari
n 2. strength lakas
n migrant dayuhan/imigrante
adj mild maamo/mahinay
n military militarya
n milk gatas
n milkbar tindahang maliit
mind
n 1. consciousness kaisipan
phrase 2. Keep in mind alalahanin/tandaan
phrase 3. Never mind (don't worry) huwag mag-alala/huwag intindihin
phrase 4. I don't mind di ko iniintindi
phrase 5. Mind the step (be careful) kaingatan/mag-ingat sa hakbang
mine
pron 1. possessive akin
n 2. underground excavation minahan
n mineral mineral
n minister (government) ministro
prep minus bawas
minute
n 1. unit of time minuto
adj 2. very small napakaliit
n mirror salamin
adj miserable kaaba-aba/miserable
v misplace mawaglit
miss
n 1. woman's title binibini
v 2. long for minimithi
v 3. opposite of hit sumala/mintis
adj missing nawawala
n Missus ginang
n Mister ginoo
n mistake kamalian
v misunderstand di pagkakasundo/di maintindihan
v mix pagsamahin
n mixture pinaghalo
n mobile phone teleponong ‘mobile’
model
n 1. representation huwaran
n 2. person who shows clothes modelo
adj modern moderno
adj modest mahinhin
adj moist basa-basa

42
moment – naked

n moment saglit
n money pera
n monitor (computer) monitor
n month buwan
n mood (frame of mind) disposisyon
n moon buwan
adj moral marangal
adv more higit
n morning umaga
n mosque meskita
adj most pinaka
n mother ina
n motor motor
n motor bike motorsiklo
n motor scooter motor iskuter
mouse
n 1. animal daga
n 2. computer part mouse
phrase mouse button (computer) buton ng mouse
n mousepad sapin ng mouse
n moustache bigote
n mouth bibig
v move kumilos
n movement pagkilos
n movie palabas/sine
abbrev Mr *see Mister
abbrev Mrs *see Missus
n Ms gining
adv much marami
adj multicultural iba-ibang kultura
n multiplication multiplikasyon
v multiply magmultiplika
abbrev mum *see mother
murder
n 1. unlawful killing pagpatay
v 2. kill unlawfully pinatay
n muscle kalamnan
n mushroom kabute
n music musika/awitin
v must dapat/kailangan
pron my ang aking
n mystery misteryo

N
n nag manisi
nail
n 1. body part kuko
n 2. metal spike pako
adj naked hubad

43
name – nobody

name
n 1. title tawag
phrase 2. given name unang pangalan
phrase 3. family name apelyido
adj narrow makitid
adj nasty nakapandidiri
n nation bansa/nasyon
adj nationality nasyonalidad/bansang sinilangan
adj native katutubo
nature
n 1. person's character ugali
n 2. environment kalikasan
prep near malapit sa
adv nearby sa tabi-tabi
adv nearly muntik na/malapit ng
adj neat maayos
adj necessary kailangan
n neck leeg
v need mangailangan
n needle karayom
negative
n 1. film negatibo
adj 2. opposite of positive salungat/kontra
v neglect pinabayaan
n neighbour kapitbahay
adv neither alinma’y hindi
n nerve ugat
adj nervous nerbiyos
n nest pugad
net
n 1. trap lambat
n 2. sport equipment tela metalika (tennis)
abbrev Net *see Internet
n netball (game) larong netbol
adv never kailanman ay hindi
adj new bago
n newspaper pahayagan
next
adv 1. after this kasunod nito
adj 2. following susunod na
phrase 3. next door kabilang pintuan
adj nice mainam/nakalulugod
n night gabi
n nightclub klub
n night dress kasuotang panggabi
no
int 1. opposite yes hindi
det 2. not at all walang anuman
pron nobody walang sinuman

44
nocturnal – obvious

adj nocturnal panggabi

v nod tumango
n noise ingay
adv noisily maingay na
adj noisy maingay
pron none wala
n noon katanghalian
pron no-one walang iba
conj nor o kaya
adj normal normal
n north hilaga
n nose ilong
n nosebleed pagdurugo ng ilong
adv not huwag
note
n 1. money perang papel
n 2. short piece of writing maikling nota
phrase 3. take note (be careful) tandaan na
phrase 4. take notes magtala
pron nothing wala
n notice paunawa
n notice board pisarang lalagyan ng paunawa
n noun pangngalan
n novel nobela
adv now ngayon
adv nowadays sa panahong ito
adv nowhere wala kahit saan
adj nude hubo’t hubad
number
n 1. numeral numero
v 2. count pagbilang
phrase 3. a number of maraming bagay
abbrev 4. no.
n nurse nars
nut
n 1. fruit pili/nuwes
colloq 2. mad person loko-loko
n nutrition nutrisyon

O
adj obedient masunurin
v obey sumunod
object
n 1. thing bagay
n 2. aim layon/layunin
v 3. be against sumalungat
n objection pagtutol
v obtain kumuha
adj obvious malinaw

45
occasion – only

n occasion pagkakataon
adv occasionally paminsan-minsan
n occupation gawain
n ocean malaking dagat/karagatan
adv o'clock oras
odd
adj 1. strange kakaiba
phrase 2. odd number numerong may butal
prep of ng
int of course talaga/siyempre
off
adv 1. away from palayo sa
prep 2. opposite on ipahiwalay
colloq phr 3. Off you go! lumakad na kayo
n offence kasalanan
offer
n 1. proposal alok
v 2. present for approval mungkahi
n office opisina
n officer opisyal
adj official opisyal
adv often malimit
int oh! o
oil
n 1. of petroleum langis
v 2. grease grasa
int okay okey
old
adj 1. opposite new luma
adj 2. opposite young matanda
n old age malaong edad
adj old-fashioned makaluma
on
prep 1. representing location sa
adj 2. opposite off isama
phrase 3. on fire nagliliyab
phrase 4. on foot naglakad/nakapaa
phrase 5. on time tama sa oras/nasa oras
phrase 6. on holidays nagbabakasyon
phrase 7. on the left sa kaliwa
phrase 8. on the right sa kanan
phrase 9. on top sa itaas/sa ibabaw
once
adv 1. one time minsanan
phrase 2. at once kaagad
phrase 3. once a week minsan sa isang lingo
adj one isa
n onion sibuyas
adv only lamang

46
open – overcrowded

open
adj 1. opposite of closed bukas
phrase 2. in the open (outside) nasa hayag na lugar
n opening daanan
operate
v 1. work umaandar
v 2. carry out surgery operahin
n operation operasyon
n opinion opinyon
n opportunity pagkakataon
v oppose sumalungat
n opposite katapat
orange
adj 1. colour kulay dalandan
n 2. fruit dalandan/kahel
n orchestra orkestra
order
n 1. numerical sequence sunod sa kaayusan
n 2. direction for a supply pabili
v 3. put in sequence isa-ayos
v 4. arrange supply of umorder ng
adj ordinary karaniwan
organ
n 1. musical instrument organo
n 2. body part bahagi
n organisation samahan
v organise magtatag
n origin pinagmulan
pron other iba/ikalawa
conj otherwise kung hindi
pron our amin
out
adv 1. opposite in sa labas
prep 2. out of mula sa
phrase 3. Lights out! isara/patayin ang ilaw
phrase 4. made out of ginawa sa
phrase 5. out of bounds di maabot-abot
phrase 6. out of date wala na sa petsa
phrase 7. out of order wala sa lugar/ayos
phrase 8. out of work walang trabaho
adv outside nasa labas
adj oval (shape) habilog
over
adv 1. finished natapos na
prep 2. pertaining to location sa itaas
phrase 3. over and over muli’t muli
phrase 4. over there doon sa
phrase 5. fall over mabuwal mula sa pagkakatayo
adj overcrowded siksikan

47
overdo – pass

v overdo lumabis/nasobrahan
adj overdue huli na/lampas na sa panahon
n overhead projector nasa ulunang proyektor
v overhear narinig
adj overnight magdamag
adv overseas ibayong dagat
v oversleep napasarap ng tulog
v overtake unahan/lampasan
v owe utang
phrase owing to (due to) sa dahilang/dahil sa
own
v 1. have mag-ari
phrase 2. his own money sariling pera
n owner may-ari
n oxygen oksiheno

P
v pack pakete
phrase pack of cards manghal na mga baraha
n packet bilot
n pad (as note-pad) sulatang papel
n paddock sanayan ng mga kabayo
n page pahina/ipatawag/pahe
pt v paid *see pay
n pain sakit/kirot
v paint pagpinta/pagpipintura
n painting pagpipinta
n pair pares/pareha
adj pale maputla
n pan bandeha
n pants mga pantalon
n pantyhose pantihos
n paper papel
n paragraph talataan
adj parallel kaagapay
n parallelogram paralelogramo
n parent magulang
park
n 1. green space parke/liwasan
v 2. as a car iparada
n part bahagi
n participle (grammar) pandiwari
adj particular talaga/tinutukoy
n partner kapareha
adj part-time pansamantala
n party (gathering) pagtitipon
pass
v 1. go by dumaan
v 2. opposite of fail pumasa/lumusot

48
passage – persuade

v 3. hand over ipasa

n 4. train pass pases sa tren
n passage lagusan
n passenger pasahero
n passport pasaporte
past
n 1. time gone by nagdaan
phrase 2. walk past dinaanan/nilampasan
phrase 3. half past three kalahating oras makalipas ang ikatlo
phrase 4. past tense pangnagdaan
n pasta pasta
paste
n 1. glue pandikit
v 2. stick with paste idikit
n path daraanan
patient
n 1. a person under medical pasyente
treatment
adj 2. calm under stress mapagtiis
n pause tigil-pansamantala
n paw paa ng hayop
pay
n 1. earnings sahod
v 2. provide with money bayaran
n pea gisantes
n peace kapayapaan
adj peaceful mapayapa
n pen panulat
n pencil lapis
n pencil case lalagyan ng lapis
n penguin penggwin
n pentagon limang panig
n pepper sili
adv per cent porsiyento
n percentage porsiyento
adj perfect walang depekto
v perform gawin
n perfume pabango
adv perhaps marahil/maaari
period
n 1. school day division oras ng klase
n 2. pertaining to menstruation buwanang regla
n 3. amount of time panahon
n permission pahintulot
permit
n 1. licence lisensya
v 2. allow pahintulutan
n person tao
v persuade hikayatin

49
pet – plate

n pet alagang hayop

n petrol petrolyo/gasolina
abbrev phone *see telephone
n photocopy potostat/kinopya sa makina
photograph
n 1. picture larawan
v 2. take a picture maglitrato
n phrase parirala
adj physical pisikal
n pianist piyanista
n piano piyano
pick
v 1. choose pumili
colloq phr 2. pick on (bully) tinakot
colloq phr 3. pick up some English matuto ng Ingles
phrase 4. take your pick piliin mo
n picnic piknik
n picture larawan
n piece piraso
n pile bunton
n pill pildoras
n pillow unan
n pilot piloto
n pin aspili
n pineapple pinya
n pipe pipa
pity
n 1. shame kahiya-hiya
v 2. feel sorry for maawa
place
n 1. location lugar
v 2. put ilagay
phrase 3. take place (occur) mangyari
phrase 4. my place (home) aming bahay
plain
n 1. field parang
adj 2. ordinary simple
phrase 3. It's plain (clear) malinaw
plan
n 1. scheme plano/panukala
v 2. organise magbalak/magplano
abbrev plane *see aeroplane
n planet planeta
n plant halaman
plastic
n 1. resinous substance plastik
adj 2. mouldable madaling baguhin
n plate (household item) plato/pinggan

50
platform – pool

platform
n 1. on station plataporma
n 2. for diving entablado
n platypus platipus
play
n 1. drama gumanap sa papel na
v 2. have fun magsaya
phrase 3. play a game maglaro
phrase 4. play a CD magpatugtog ng CD
n playground palaruan
adj pleasant kasiya-siya
int please pakisuyo
adj pleased nasiyahan
n pleasure kasiyahan
n plenty marami
plug
n 1. stopper pamasak
n 2. electrical plag/pangsaksak sa koryente
phr v 3. plug in isaksak
plural
adj 1. more than one marami
n 2. grammar form maramihan
prep plus idinagdag
pocket
n 1. pouch bulsa
n 2. pocket money perang bulsa/panggastos
n poem tula
n poet manunula
n poetry mga tula
point
n 1. sharp end matulis
n 2. reason dahilan
n 3. numerical value punto
v 4. gesture with finger magturo
phr v 5. point out ituro
phrase 6. point of view katwiran
v poke sundutin
n pole tikin/poste
n police pulisya
polish
n 1. substance used for shining pampakintab
v 2. make glossy pakintabin
adj polite magalang
n politics politika
v pollute parumihin
n pollution karumihan/polyusyon
n pool (of water) sanaw

51
poor – preparation

poor
adj 1. opposite rich mahirap/dukha
adj 2. not very good mahinang uri
colloq 3. pitiable kaawa-awa
abbrev pop *see popular
adj popular bantog
n population mga mamamayan
position
n 1. location kinatatayuan
n 2. viewpoint on paninindigan
positive
adj 1. opposite negative positibo
adj 2. sure sigurado/tiyak
v possess mag-ari
n possession pag-aari
adj possible maaaring
n possum posum
v post koreo
n postage stamp selyo
n postcard postkard
n post office opisina ng koreo
n poster paskil
n pot (container) palayok
n potato patatas
n pot plant halamang pampaso
n pouch bulsa
n powder pulbos
power
n 1. strength lakas
phrase 2. in power (in charge) nasa puwesto
adj powerful makapangyarihan
phrase power point saksakan ng koryente
adj practical praktikal
n practice praktis
v practise magsanay
praise
n 1. approval purihin
v 2. express approval magpahalaga/sumang-ayon
v pray magdasal
n prayer dasal
adj precious mahalaga
v prefer mabutihin
adj pregnant buntis
n prejudice maling pagpapalagay
premier
n 1. state government leader premier/pinuno ng estado
adj 2. leading pangunahing
n preparation paghahanda

52
prepare – progress

v prepare maghanda
n preposition pang-ukol
n prescription (doctor's) reseta/preskripsyon
present
n 1. gift regalo
v 2. give out magkaloob
adj 3. opposite absent naririto
phrase 4. at present (now) sa ngayon
n president pangulo/presidente
press
n 1. media medya
v 2. push pisain
v pretend magkunwari
adj pretty marikit
v prevent hadlangan
adj previous nauna/nakalipas
n price presyo
v prick tudlok/tusukin
n pride kahambugan
adj primary pangunahin/una
n primary school primerya-eskwela
n prime minister punong ministro
principal
n 1. school head prinsipal
adj 2. leading pinakamahalaga
n principle paraan/prinsipyo
print
v 1. of handwriting magsulat
v 2. of machine mag-imprinta
n printer (computer) printer
n prison kulungan/bilangguan
adj private pribado
n prize premyo/gantimpala
n probability probabilidad
adj probable maaaring mangyari
adv probably marahil nga
n problem suliranin
v proceed magpatuloy
n process proseso
n procession prosesiyon
produce
n 1. yield ani
v 2. make gumawa
n product produkto
n profession propesyon/hanapbuhay
n professor propesor
n profit tubo
n program programa
n progress progreso

53
project – pyjamas

n project (as school project) proyekto/ gawain

promise
n 1. assurance pangako
v 2. vow mangako
n pronoun panghalip
v pronounce sabihin/bigkasin
n pronunciation pagbigkas
n proof pruweba/katunayan
adj proper nauukol/wasto
adv properly pantangi
n property ari-arian
v protect pangalagaan/protektahan
n protection proteksiyon
protest
n 1. objection protesta
v 2. object tumutol
adj proud palalo/mayabang
v prove patunayan
v provide maglaan/magbigay
n pub inuman
adj public publiko
n public school eskwelahang publiko
phrase public transport sasakyang pampubliko
pull
v 1. tug hilahin
phr v 2. pull down (demolish) gibain
phr v 3. pull up (stop) tumigil/ihinto
colloq phr 4. pull oneself together ayusin ang sarili/maghunus-dili
n pump bomba
adj punctual maagap
v punish parusahan
n punishment parusa
pupil
n 1. eye part balintataw
n 2. school student mag-aaral/estudyante
adj pure puro
adj purple murado/kulay biyoleta
push
v 1. exert force itulak
phr v 2. push in (go before your turn) makipag-unahan
put
v 1. place ilagay
phr v 2. put away (pack up) itago
phr v 3. put off (delay) iliban
phr v 4. put on (dress in) isuot
phr v 5. put out (as fire) patayin ang
phr v 6. put up with (endure) magtiis
n puzzle palaisipan
n pyjamas padyamas/damit pantulog

54
pyramid – realise

n pyramid piramide

Q
v qualify (make competent) maging kwalipikado
adj quality uri/kalidad
n quantity dami
v quarrel pag-aaway
n quarter ika-apat
n queen reyna
n question katanungan
n queue pila ng hintayan
adj quick mabilis
adv quickly bilisan
adj quiet matahimik
adv quietly walang ingay
v quit huminto/umayaw
adv quite lubos

R
race
n 1. competition karera
n 2. ethnicity ka-etnikohan/lahi
v 3. compete makipagpaligsahan
n racism rasismo
n radio radyo
n radius rayus
n railing barandilya
n railway daang bakal/riles ng tren
n rain ulan
n rain coat kapote
v raise itaas
pt v ran *see run
pt v rang *see ring
n range hanay
v rank ihanay
adj rapid sunod-sunod
adj rare bihira/madalang
n rash (skin eruption) butlig-butlig
adv rather (to a certain extent) lalong mabuti
adj raw hilaw/di-luto
reach
v 1. arrive at dumating
phrase 2. out of reach (unobtainable) di kayang abutin
v react manugon/tugunin
n reaction palagay/epekto/tugon
v read basahin
adj ready handa
adj real tunay
v realise maunawaan

55
really – republic

adv really totoo

adj rear likuran
n reason dahilan/rason
v receive (get) pagtanggap
adj recent kailan lang
n recess (morning tea) rises/saglit na pahinga
colloq reckon (think or suppose) palagay
v recognise kilalanin
v record magtala
recount
n 1. story genre magkwento
v 2. narrate magsalaysay
recover
v 1. get back mabawi
v 2. get better gumaling
n rectangle rektanggulo
adj red pula
v reduce bawasan
v refer sumangguni
n referee reperi
n refrigerator reprihirador
n refugee repuhiyado/nag-ebakuwet
v refuse tumanggi
n region rehiyon
v regret magsisi
adj regular karaniwan
adv regularly panayan
n relation (kin) kamag-anakan
n relationship relasyon
n relative kamag-anak
v relax relaks
n religion relihiyon
v remain maiwan
n remark banggit
v remember alalahanin
v remind ipaalala
n reminder pagunita
v remove alisin
rent
n 1. payment for accommodation renta
v 2. hire upa
v repeat ulit
v replace palitan
v reply kasagutan
report
n 1. written account pag-uulat
v 2. give an account mag-ulat
n reporter taga-ulat
n republic republika

56
request – ring

request
n 1. petition kahilingan
v 2. ask for makiusap
v rescue iligtas
reserve
n 1. park parke
v 2. keep aside maglaan
n resident residente
n respect respeto
n responsibility responsibilidad
adj responsible may kapanagutan
rest
n 1. relaxation pagpapahinga
v 2. relax magpahinga
n 3. remainder natitira
n restaurant restoran
n rest room kubeta
n result resulta
return
n 1. arrival back kabalikan
v 2. go back to bumalik
v 3. give back to ibalik
phrase 4. return tickets mga balikang tiket
reverse
adj 1. opposite forward paatras
v 2. go backwards umatras
v revise baguhin
revolution
n 1. full circle pag-ikot
n 2. war rebolusyon
n reward gantimpala
n rhythm indayog/ritmo
n ribbon laso
n rice bigas
adj rich mayaman
v rid magpaalis
v ride sumakay
right
adj 1. opposite wrong tama
adj 2. opposite left kaliwa
adv 3. direction pakaliwa
n 4. just claim karapatan
phrase 5. all right (as for health) malusog ang lahat
phrase 6. all right (as for agreement) maayos ang lahat
phrase 7. right now (immediately) ngayon na agad
n right angle kanang anggulo
ring
n 1. jewellery alahas
v 2. as a phone tawagan

57
ripe – run

v 3. as a bell tugtog
adj ripe hinog
rise
n 1. ascent pag-akyat
v 2. get up bumangon
n risk risko/peligro
n river ilog
n road daan
v roar umungol
n robot robot
n rock bato
n rockpool kabatuhan
n rod kabilya/baton/patpat
pt v rode *see ride
roll
n 1. absentee list talaan
n 2. form of bread tinapay
v 3. move by turning over pagulungin
n roof bubong
n room silid/kuwarto
n root ugat
n rope tali
rose
n 1. flower bulaklak na rosas
pt v 2. *see rise
adj rough baku-bako
round
adj 1. circular bilugan
phrase 2. round the corner pagliko sa kanto
row
n 1. arrangement in a line hilera
n 2. fight away/laban
v 3. as a boat pagsagwan
adj royal maharlika
v rub magkuskos
n rubber goma
n rubbish basura
adj rude bastos
v ruin guho
rule
n 1. regulation regulasyon
v 2. as a line guhitan
v 3. govern pamamahala
n ruler (school equipment) ruler
run
v 1. move fast tumakbo
phrase 2. a river runs into the ocean ang ilog na umaagos sa dagat
phr v 3. run away from lumayas
phr v 4. run out of maubusan

58
rung – scissors

phr v 5. run over (with a car) masagasaan

n rung (of a ladder) baiting
n runner-up pangalawa
phrase runny nose tumutulong ilong
v rush magmadali

S
adj sad malungkot
adj safe ligtas
pt v said *see say
sail
n 1. part of ship layag
v 2. cause movement of ship maglayag
using wind
n salad salad
n salary suweldo
n sale bentahan
n salt asin
adj same katulad
n sand buhangin
n sandal sandalya
n sandwich sanwits
pt v sang *see sing
pt v sat *see sit
n satisfaction kasiyahan
adj satisfactory kasiya-siya
adj satisfied nasisiyahan
v satisfy masiyahan
n sauce sarsa
n sausage soriso/longganisa
save
v 1. rescue iligtas
v 2. keep on computer itago
v 3. keep as money ipunin
saw
n 1. tool lagare
pt v 2. *see see
v say magsabi
scale
n 1. covering on animals kaliskis
n 2. measuring device timbangan
adj scarce kakaunti
n scarf bupanda/bandana
n scene eksena
n scenery tanawin
n school paaralan
n school shoe sapatos pampaaralan
n science siyensya
n scissors gunting

59
score – set

score
n 1. points made in a game puntos
v 2. to get points makapuntos
v scream sumigaw
n screen panabing
n screw turnilyo
n sea maliit na dagat
n seagull ibong segul
search
n 1. the act of searching paghahanap
v 2. look for hanapin
n season kapanahunan
n seat upuan
second
n 1. unit of time segundo
adj 2. after first pangalawa
adv secondly pangalawang kadahilanan
secret
n 1. something hidden sekreto/lihim
adj 2. unknown by others lihim sa karamihan
n section seksyon
v see makita
n seed buto/binhi
v seek humanap
adv seldom bihira/madalang
v select piliin
adj selfish sakim
v sell magtinda
v send magpadala
sense
n 1. one of the five faculties pandama
phrase 2. make sense (be intelligible) nauunawaan
adj sensible makatwiran
pt v sent *see send
n sentence pangungusap
separate
adj 1. disconnected paglayuin
v 2. to keep apart paghiwalayin
n sequence pagkakasunod-sunod
n series serye
serious
adj 1. important mahalaga
adj 2. opposite of lighthearted seryoso
n servant alila/katulong
v serve maglingkod
n service serbisyo
set
v 1. to put in a particular place ilagak/ilagay
n 2. a group of things set

60
settle – short cut

phr v 3. set off (go) pagsimulan/umpisa

phr v 4. set out (put in order) magtakda
phr v 5. set up (prepare) maghanda
settle
v 1. to live in tumira sa
phr v 2. settle on (agree on) magkaayos sa/magkasundo
n settlement paninirahan
n settler ang nakatira
adj several marami
v sew tahiin
n sex kasarian/seks
n sexism pagkadi-mapagbigay/ukol sa seks
n shade lilim
n shadow anino
v shake kalugin/yugyugin
v shall maaari
adj shallow mababaw
n shame hiya
n shampoo siyampo/gugo
n shape hugis
share
n 1. portion bahagi
v 2. divide up hatiin
adj sharp matalas/matalim
n sharpener pampatalas/pampatalim
v shave ahit
pron she siya
n sheep tupa
sheet
n 1. of paper piraso
n 2. of bedding kumot
n shelf salansanan/istante
n shell (of sea) kabibi
n shelter tirahan/silungan
v shine pakintabin
adj shiny makintab
n ship bapor
n shirt kamisadentro/kamisa
n shock pagkabigla
n shoe sapatos
v shoot patamaan/barilin
shop
n 1. place to buy goods tindahan
v 2. buy goods mamili
n shore baybay-dagat
short
adj 1. opposite tall pandak
adj 2. opposite long maigsi/maikli
n short cut pinaikli

61
shorts – skate

n shorts (clothing) pantalong maikli

shot
n 1. gunfire nabaril
pt v 2. *see shoot
v should dapat
v shout sumigaw
v shove isalya/itulak
show
v 1. display ipakita/idispley
n 2. as on TV palabas
phr v 3. show off (be pretentious) magpakita/ipagyabang
shower
n 1. weather condition umulan-ulan/ambon
v 2. wash oneself maligo/mag-siyawer
n 3. bathroom apparatus pansiyawer
v shrink umurong/lumiit
v shut sumara/isara
adj shy mahiyain
adj sick maysakit/may karamdaman
n sick bay lagakan ng maysakit
n side panig
adv sideways patagilid
n sight paningin
sign
n 1. information board karatula
v 2. write one's signature pirmahan/lagdaan
n signal senyas
n signature pirma/lagda
n sign language lengguwaheng mustra/senyas
n silence tahimik
adj silent matahimik
n silk sutla
adj silly uto-uto
n silver pilak
adj similar katulad/kapareho
adj simple simple
v sing kumanta/umawit
adj single nag-iisa
n singlet kamisa
n singular (grammatical) isahan
sink
n 1. tub for washing lababo
v 2. go down lumubog
n Sir (respectful form of address) Ser/po
n sister kapatid na babae
v sit umupo
skate
v 1. glide over the ground mag-iskeyt sa lupa
n 2. equipment for skating iskeyt

62
skateboard – so

n skateboard iskeytbord
n skateboarding paglalaro ng iskeytbord
n ski iski
n skiing pag-iiski
adj skilful maalam/sanay
n skill kakayahan
n skin balat
skip
v 1. jump lundag
v 2. pass over lakdawan/lampasan
n skirt saya
n sky langit
n slang islang
v slap sampal
n slave alipin
v sleep matulog
adj sleepy na-aantok
pt v slept *see sleep
n slice hiwa
v slide magpadulas
adj slim payat
n sling bitinan
v slip magtanan/madulas
n slipper (type of shoe) tsinelas
adj slippery madulas
v slit hiwain
n slope gulod
slow
adj 1. opposite fast mabagal
adj 2. behind time mahuli
adv slowly marahan
adj small maliit
adj smart (clever) matalino
v smash durugin
smell
n 1. odour amoy
v 2. inhale an odour maamoy
smile
n 1. facial expression pagtawa
v 2. make facial expression tumawa
smoke
n 1. visible substance from fire usok
v 2. inhale a substance manigarilyo/humithit
adj smooth makinis
n snack minindal/miryenda
n snake ahas
v sneeze hatsing
n snow niyebe
conj so (consequently) kaya

63
soap – sphere

n soap sabon
n soccer larong soker putbol
n society lipunan
n sock (clothing) medyas
soft
adj 1. opposite hard malambot
adj 2. opposite loud mahinay
adv softly marahan
pt v sold *see sell
solid
adj 1. three dimensional figure lantay/solido
n 2. matter that is not liquid or gas buo
solution
n 1. answer sagot
n 2. mixture (scientific) sangkap/halo
v solve lutasin
det some ang ilan
n somebody may tao
n someone isang tao
adv sometimes kung minsan
n son anak na lalaki
n song awitin/kanta
adv soon agad
sore
adj 1. painful masakit
n 2. painful spot makirot
phrase 3. sore throat masakit na lalamunan
adj sorry nagsisisi
v sort uriin
n soul kaluluwa
n sound tunog
n soup sabaw
adj sour maasim
n south timog
space
n 1. outside earth's atmosphere alangaang
n 2. room kwarto
n spade pala
adj spare labis
v speak magsalita
adj special ispesyal/natatangi
n speech talumpati
speed
n 1. rapidity tulin/bilis
v 2. go fast magpatulin/bilisan
v spell magbaybay
v spend gastahin/waldasin
pt v spent *see spend
n sphere bilog

64
spill – starfish

v spill tumapon
v spin umikot
n spirit (soul) espirito
v spit lumura
v splash tumilamsik
v split biyakin
v spoil bulukin
pt v spoke *see speak
n spoon kutsara
n sport isport
n sports oval dausan ng isport
n sports shoe sapatos pang-isport
spot
n 1. circular pattern mantsa
n 2. sore masakit na bahagi
n 3. place lugar
v 4. see makita
v spread palamanan
spring
n 1. season tagsibol
v 2. jump lumundag
spy
n 1. person who keeps secret espiya/manunubok
watch on others
v 2. watch tiktikan/subaybayan
square
n 1. plane figure kuwadrado
adj 2. shaped as a square hinugis kuwadrado
n staffroom silid-pamunuan
n stage entablado
n stair hagdanan
stamp
n 1. as for postage selyo
v 2. impress a mark on timbrihan
v 3. strike with foot tadyakan
stand
v 1. take upright position tumayo
phr v 2. stand back lumayo kayo
phr v 3. stand for (signify) tumutukoy ng
phr v 4. stand up for (defend) ipaglaban
colloq phr 5. I can't stand it (I hate it) di ko makayanan ito
n standard pamantayan
star
n 1. astral body bituin
n 2. famous actor, singer etc. istar/bituin sa
adj 3. shape hugis-bituin
n starfish isdang-bituin

65
start – stop

start
n 1. beginning simula ng
v 2. begin magsimula
state
v 1. say ipahayag
n 2. political division estado
n statement pahayag
station
n 1. of railway istasyon ng tren
n 2. police station istasyon/himpilan ng pulis
n statue estatwa
v stay tumigil
adj steady patuloy
n steak hiniwang karne
v steal magnakaw
n steam singaw
n steel bakal
adj steep matarik
n stem tangkay
step
v 1. move using feet humakbang
n 2. stair baitang
phrase 3. watch your step (be careful) mag-ingat sa paglakad
n stepbrother kapatid sa labas na lalaki
n stepfather pangalawang ama
n stepmother pangalawang ina
n stepsister kapatid sa labas na babae
stick
v 1. fasten idikit
n 2. piece of wood tungkod
adj sticky malagkit
adj stiff maganit/matigas
still
adv 1. without moving walang galaw
adv 2. yet pa
v sting sundutin/sungkitin
stink
n 1. bad odour maamoy
v 2. smell very bad mabahong amoy
v stir umibo
pt v stole *see steal
n stomach tiyan
n stomach-ache masakit ang tiyan
n stone bato
pt v stood *see stand
stop
n 1. cessation itigil
v 2. halt tigil/hinto

66
store – suburb

n store tipon/tindahan
n storey palapag
n storm bagyo
n story kuwento
n stove kalan/lutuan
n stove top itaas ng kalan
straight
adj 1. not crooked tuwid
adj 2. not wavy or curly (of hair) di kulot
phrase 3. straight ahead diretso lang
v straighten ituwid
v strain higpitan
adj strange ibang-iba
n stranger dayuhan
n strawberry presas
n stream sapa
n street daan/kalye
n strength lakas
stress
v 1. put emphasis on ipagdiinan
n 2. tension pagod
adj strict mahigpit
strike
v 1. hit hampasin/tamaan
n 2. blow hampas
phrase 3. on strike (not working) welga
n string pisi/lubid/gawad
n strip alisan
v stroke himasin
adj strong (powerful) malakas
n struggle magpunyagi
pt v stuck *see stick
n student mag-aaral/estudyante
study
n 1. room of house pang-aralang silid
v 2. endeavour to acquire mag-aral
knowledge
stuff
n 1. material bagay-bagay
v 2. push siksikin
adj stupid tanga
n style istilo
subject
n 1. course of study asignatura
n 2. topic paksa
n substance sustansiya
v subtract bawasan
n subtraction pagbabawas
n suburb arabal/suburbiya

67
succeed – survey

v succeed magtagumpay
n success tagumpay
v suck sipsipin
adj sudden bigla
adv suddenly pabigla
v suffer magtiis
n sugar asukal
v suggest magmungkahi
n suggestion suhestiyon/mungkahi
suit
n 1. clothing terno
v 2. be appropriate bumagay
adj suitable angkop
n sum (total) kabuuan
n summer tag-araw
n sun araw
n sunburn paso ng araw/sunog sa araw
n sunglasses pang-araw na salamin sa mata
n sunhat tabing sa araw/sombrerong pang-araw
adj sunny maaraw
n sunscreen pampahid na tabing sa araw
n sunshine silahis/sinag ng araw
supply
n 1. provisions mga kailangan
v 2. provide tustos
support
n 1. assistance alalay/suporta
v 2. provide assistance itaguyod
v suppose (assume) sakali
adj sure tiyak
surf
n 1. seaswell alimbukay
v 2. ride a surfboard sumakay sa tablang pang-alimbukay
n surface ibabaw
n surfboard tablang pang-alimbukay
n surfer taong sumasakay sa alimbukay
surgery
n 1. doctor's room silid ng duktor
n 2. operation by doctor pag-oopera
n surname apelyido
surprise
n 1. unexpected event di-inaasahang pangyayari
v 2. catch unprepared binigla
adj 3. unexpected magulat
v surrender sumuko
v surround palibutan
survey
n 1. poll suriin/bilangan
v 2. ask questions of pagsisiyasat

68
survival – tame

n survival pananatiling buhay

v survive pananatili upang mabuhay
n swagman magbobotin/namamangka
v swallow lumunok
pt v swam *see swim
swear
v 1. use bad language magmura
v 2. take oath of truth sumumpa/manumpa
v sweep mag-walis
adj sweet matamis
n sweet corn matamis na mais
n sweet potato kamote
v swim lumangoy
n swimmer manlalangoy
n swimming lumalangoy
n swimming carnival karnabal ng languyan
n swimming costume kasuotang-panlangoy
swing
v 1. sway iwasiwas
n 2. play equipment duyan
switch
n 1. device for turning on/off swits
v 2. change ilipat/pagpalitin
adj swollen mamaga
phrase swollen ankle namamagang tuhod
n sword espada

T
table
n 1. furniture mesa
n 2. list listahan
n table tennis pingpong
n tablet (medication) tabletas
n tail buntot
take
v 1. seize kunin
v 2. last for (as time) hanggang kaya
phr v 3. take away (mathematical) bawasin ang
phr v 4. take away (remove) alisin ang
phr v 5. take away (fast food) dinadalang pagkain
phr v 6. take off (as clothing) maghubad
phr v 7. take off (as plane) lumipad
n tale kuwento/istorya
talk
n 1. conversation pag-uusap
v 2. converse mag-usap
adj tall matangkad
adj tame maamo

69
tan – terrific

tan
v 1. sunbake tuyo sa araw
adj 2. colour kulay araw
n tank tangke
n tap (as for water) gripo
v tape (record) teyp
n task gawain
taste
v 1. sample pagtikim
phrase 2. the food tastes good masarap ang pagkain
adj tasty malinamnam
pt v taught *see teach
n tax buwis
n taxi taksi
tea
n 1. beverage tsaa
n 2. dinner hapunan
v teach pagtuturo
n teacher guro
n teacher's aide alalay sa pagtuturo/alalay ng guro
n team samahan
tear
v 1. rip pagpunit
n 2. liquid from the eye luha
v tease pagbibiro
n technology teknolohiya
n teenager tin-edyer
telephone
n 1. device for phoning telepono
v 2. ring tawagan
n telephone booth tawagan ng telepono
n telescope teleskopyo
television
n 1. receiver for broadcasts telebisyon
abbrev 2. TV
v tell magsabi/sabihin
n temper hinahon/damdamin
n temperature temperatura
n temple templo
adj temporary pansamantala
n tennis tennis
n tent tolda
term
n 1. a period of time panahon
n 2. a naming word katawagan
adj terrible kakila-kilabot
adj terrific nakasisindak

70
test – tie

test
n 1. examination pagsusuri
v 2. check tingnan
n text teksto/pagkaletra
thank
v 1. express appreciation pasasalamat
phrase 2. give thanks magpasalamat
int 3. thank you (polite expression maraming salamat
of gratitude)
that
pron 1. indicator of person or thing iyon
conj 2. used as subject of relative na
clause
det the ang
n theatre teatro/sinehan
pron their kanila
pron them nila
adv then noon
adv there doon
conj therefore kung kaya/samakatuwid
n thermometer termometro
pron they sila
adj thick makapal
n thief magnanakaw
adj thin mapayat
v think mag-isip
n thong (footwear) sinelas/ismagel
thought
n 1. idea naisipaan
pt v 2. *see think
thread
n 1. cotton sinulid
v 2. put through eye of needle isuot sa butas ng karayom
pt v threw *see throw
prep through (from one side to sa kabila
another)
v throw ihagis
n thumb daliri
n thunder kulog
n thunderstorm bagyong may kidlat at pagkulog
adv thus kaya nga
v tick (indicate correctness) kudlit/tsek
n ticket tiket
n tide paglaki o pagliit ng tubig sa dagat
adj tidy malinis
tie
n 1. clothing kurbata
v 2. fasten itali
n 3. equal place patas/pantay

71
tight – town

adj tight mahigpit

v tilt tikwas/itagilid
time
n 1. measurement of duration panahon
phrase 2. in time (not late) tama sa oras
phrase 3. on time (at the appointed time) nasa oras
phrase 4. at times may oras na
phrase 5. a good time magpakasaya
phrase 6. take your time (don't rush) magdahan-dahan lamang
phrase 7. What's the time? ano’ng oras na
phrase 8. two times four (mathematical) dalawa imultiplika ng apat
n timetable talatakdaan ng oras/tala-orasan
tip
n 1. hint himaton/tip
n 2. rubbish dump tambakan
v 3. tilt itiwarik/itagilid
n 4. pointed extremity tulis
phr v 5. tip over (spill) pagtagilid
n tissue tisyu
n title titulo
prep to sa
n today ngayong araw
n toe daliri
adv together magkasama
n toilet kubeta/palikuran
pt v told *see tell
n tomato kamatis
n tomorrow bukas
n tongue dila
pt v took *see take
n tool kasangkapan
n tooth ngipin
n toothache masakit ang ngipin
top
n 1. highest point pinakatuktok
n 2. clothing pang-itaas
n topic paksa
pt v tore *see tear
total
n 1. complete amount kabuuan
v 2. add up sumahin
v touch hipuin
n tour paglilibot
v tow hilahin
prep towards papunta sa
n towel tuwalya
n tower tore
n town bayan

72
toy – turn

n toy laruan
v trace taluntunin/sundan
n track (pathway) daanan
n tracksuit kasuotang pang-ehersisiyo
n tractor traktora
trade
n 1. exchange of commodities bentahan
v 2. carry on trade pagtitinda
n traffic trapiko
train
n 1. means of transport tren
v 2. practise magsasanay
trap
n 1. device for catching things patibong
v 2. catch pagkahuli
n trapezium trapisiyum
v travel maglakbay
v tread maglakad
v treat (as a disease) maggamot/maglunas
n tree punongkahoy
v tremble manginig
n triangle tatsulok
phrase triangular prism tatsulok na prisma
n tribe tribo
v trick paglansi/niloko
v trim putulan ng kaunti
trip
n 1. journey paglalakbay
v 2. fall over mapadapa
adj tropical tropikal
trouble
n 1. problem problema
v 2. cause worry magka-problema/mag-alala
phr 3. in trouble with may problema sa
n trousers pantalon
n truck trak
adj true totoo
n trunk (as of elephant) nguso
try
n 1. attempt pagtatangka
phrase 2. try hard magsikap ng mabuti
phr v 3. try on (as for clothing) isukat
phr v 4. try out for (audition for) sumali sa pagsubok
n T-shirt tisert
n tub batya
n tube tubo
turn
v 1. move around pumihit/paikutin

73
twice – urge

n 2. action following someone paghalili

else's
phr v 3. turn into (become) maging
phr v 4. turn off (switch off) isara
phr v 5. turn on buksan
phr v 6. turn up (arrive) dumating
adv twice doble/dalawang ulit
v twist magpilipit
type
n 1. kind uri
v 2. use a machine to write mag-tipa
n tyre gulong

U
adj ugly pangit
n umbrella payong
n uncle tiyo
adj unconscious walang malay
prep under sa ilalim
v undergo magpasailalim
adj underground sa ilalim ng lupa
v underline guhitan sa baba
adv underneath sa ilalim
n underpants pang-ilalim
v understand maintindihan
pt v understood *see understand
n underwear kasuotang pag-ilalim
v undo kalasin/alisin
adj unemployed walang trabaho
n uniform uniporme
n union unyon
unit
n 1. type of housing bahay na yunit/apartment
n 2. measurement sukat
v unite magkaisa
n universe sanlibutan
n university unibersidad/pamantasan
prep until hanggang sa
adj unusual kakaiba
prep up (to a higher place) sa itaas
prep upon (up and on) sa ibabaw ng
adj upper itaas
adj upright patayo
adj upset itaob
adj upside-down nakataob
adv upstairs sa itaas
v urge sulsulan/hinikayat

74
urgent – wall

adj urgent kaagad-agad

pron us kami
use
n 1. the act of using paggamit
v 2. employ gamitin
adj used (not new) luma/gamit na

V
n vaccination bakuna
adj vain walang kabuluhan
n valley lambak
adj valuable mahalaga
value
n 1. worth kahalagahan
v 2. to hold in high esteem pahalagahan
n van (truck) trak
n variety sari-sari/ibat-iba
v vary ibahin
adj various magkakaiba
n vegetable gulay
n vegetable garden hardin ng gulay
n vegetarian gulay ang kain
n vehicle behikulo/sasakyan
n verandah beranda
n verb pandiwa
adv very napaka/lubos na
abbrev vet *see veterinarian
n veterinarian beterinaryo
n video (recording) bidyo
n view panoorin
n village nayon
adj violent marahas/mabangis
n violin biyolin
v visit bumisita
n visitor bisita
n voice boses
n volleyball (game) larong balibol
n volume dami
v vote boto
n vowel patinig
n voyage biyahe

W
n wage suweldo
v wait maghintay
v wake gumising
v walk lumakad
n walkway daanan
n wall pader

75
wallaby – Web

n wallaby walabi/maliit na kanggaro

n wallet pitaka
v wander gumala
v want gusto
n war labanan/giyera
n waratah warata
n wardrobe aparador ng damit
adj warm (opposite cool) mainit
adj warm-blooded dugong-buhay
v warn pagbalaan
n warning babala
pt v was *see be
wash
v 1. clean with water hugasan
phr v 2. wash up (of dishes) maghugas
n washing machine (clothes) makinang tagalaba
waste
v 1. employ uselessly mag-aksaya
n 2. rejected products produktong tapon na
watch
n 1. timepiece relos
v 2. look at tingnan/bantayan
phr v 3. watch out (be careful) mag-ingat sa
water
n 1. liquid tubig
v 2. moisten basain
n watermelon pakwan
n wattle tree punong watel
wave
n 1. swell of water alon
v 2. make a hand signal kumampay
adj wavy maaalon
n wax pagkit
way
n 1. road daraanan
phrase 2. a long way malayo
phrase 3. a good way mabuting paraan
phrase 4. give way magbigay daan
pron we tayo
adj weak mahina
n wealth yaman
adj wealthy mayaman
n weapon armas
wear
v 1. erode pagka-ubos
v 2. put on (as for clothing) magsuot
n web (as for spider) sapot
abbrev Web *see World Wide Web

76
wedding – width

n wedding kasalan
n week linggo
v weigh timbangin
n weight timbang
welcome
n 1. a kind greeting maligayang bati
int 2. You're welcome! (polite walang anuman
response to thank you)
well
n 1. hole in earth balon
adj 2. in good health mabuting kalusugan
adv 3. in a satisfactory manner maayos
int 4. Well! (expresses relief, pause) kung gayon
int 5. Well done! magaling
pt v went *see go
pt v were *see be
n west kanluran
wet
v 1. moisten basain
adj 2. opposite dry pagkabasa
pron what (interrogative) ano
n wheel gulong
pron when (interrogative) kailan
conj whenever tuwina
pron where (interrogative) saan
which
pron 1. what one of a number alin
(interrogative)
pron 2. relative (refers to something tungkol sa
previously mentioned)
conj while habang
n whip pamalo
v whisper bulong
whistle
v 1. make a musical sound sumipol
n 2. equipment used to make pansipol/sultip
a sound
adj white maputi
n whiteboard pisarang-puti
who
pron 1. interrogative sino
pron 2. relative pronoun sinu-sino
adj whole buo
adv why bakit
adj wicked buhong
adj wide malawak
n widow biyuda
n widower biyudo
n width lapad

77
wild – write

adj wild mailap

will
v 1. auxiliary used in future tense tiyak na
n 2. declaration of wishes on testamento
one's death
n 3. choice of one's actions ginusto
v win magtamo
wind
n 1. movement of air hangin
v 2. turn in a circular way ipulupot
colloq phr 3. wind up (finish) pagtatapos
phr v 4. wind up (as a clock) susian
n windmill molinong pinaiikot ng hangin
n window bintana
n window sill pasamano
adj windy mahangin
n wing pakpak
n winter tag-lamig
v wipe punasan
n wire alambre
adj wise matalino
n wish maghangad
prep with sa/kasama ng
v withdraw (as for money) maglabas
n witness testigo
pt v woke *see wake
n woman babae
n wombat wombat
pt v won *see win
v wonder pagtataka
n wood kahoy
n woodwork trabaho sa kahoy
n wool lana
n word salita
pt v wore *see wear
work
n 1. labour trabaho
v 2. carry out labour magtrabaho
v 3. be operational umaandar
phr v 4. work out (solve) lutasin
n world daigdig
n World Wide Web pandaigdigang web
v worry mag-alala
adv worse sumama
n worth kahalagahan
v wrap magbalot
v wring magpiga
n wrist galanggalangan
v write sumulat

78
wrong – zucchini

adj wrong (incorrect) mali

pt v wrote *see write
abbrev www *see World Wide Web

X
n x-ray eksrey

Y
n yacht yate
n yard yarda
v yawn humikab
n year taon
adj yellow dilaw
int yes oo
n yesterday kahapon
pron you ikaw
adj young bata
pron your (possessive) inyo

Z
n zone sona
n zoo soo
n zucchini sukini

79
Appendix 1
Numerals and Ordinals
Symbol Numeral Ordinal
1 one first
2 two second
3 three third
4 four fourth
5 five fifth
6 six sixth
7 seven seventh
8 eight eighth
9 nine ninth
10 ten tenth
11 eleven eleventh
12 twelve twelfth
13 thirteen thirteenth
14 fourteen fourteenth
15 fifteen fifteenth
16 sixteen sixteenth
17 seventeen seventeenth
18 eighteen eighteenth
19 nineteen nineteenth
20 twenty twentieth
30 thirty thirtieth
40 forty fortieth
50 fifty fiftieth
60 sixty sixtieth
70 seventy seventieth
80 eighty eightieth
90 ninety ninetieth
100 one hundred one hundredth
1000 one thousand one thousandth
10000 ten thousand ten thousandth
100000 one hundred thousand one hundred thousandth
1000000 one million one millionth

80
Appendix 2
Common Countries/States and their Adjectival Forms

Country/State Adjectival Form Country/State Adjectival Form

Afghanistan Afghani Japan Japanese

Argentina Argentinian Korea Korean

Bangladesh Bangladeshi Kosovo Kosovar

Bolivia Bolivian Kurdistan Kurdish

Brazil Brazilian Laos Laotian

Bulgaria Bulgarian Lebanon Lebanese

Cambodia Cambodian Macedonia Macedonian

Chile Chilean Malaysia Malaysian

China Chinese Nigeria Nigerian

Colombia Colombian Pakistan Pakistani

Cook Islands Cook Islanders Peru Peruvian

Croatia Croatian Philippines Filipino

East Timor East Timorese Poland Polish

Ecuador Ecuadorian Portugal Portuguese

Egypt Egyptian Russia Russian
El Salvador El Salvadorian Samoa Samoan

Eritrea Eritrean Serbia Serbian

Ethiopia Ethiopian Somalia Somalian

Fiji Fijian Sudan Sudanese

Ghana Ghanian Syria Syrian

Greece Greek Taiwan Taiwanese

Hungary Hungarian Thailand Thai

India Indian Tonga Tongan

Indonesia Indonesian Turkey Turkish

Iran Iranian Ukraine Ukrainian

Iraq Iraqi Uruguay Uruguayan

Israel Israeli Venezuela Venezuelan

Italy Italian Vietnam Vietnamese

81
Appendix 3

Common Irregular Verbs

Base Form Past Tense Past participle
awake awoke awoken
be was, were been
beat beat beaten
become became become
begin began begun
bend bent bent
bet bet bet
bid bid bid
bite bit bitten
blow blew blown
break broke broken
bring brought brought
build built built
burn burned/burnt burned/burnt
buy bought bought
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
come came come
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
dig dug dug
do did done
draw drew drawn
dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt
drive drove driven
drink drank drunk
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
fly flew flown
forget forgot forgotten
forgive forgave forgiven
freeze froze frozen
get got gotten
give gave given
go went gone
grow grew grown
hang hung hung
have had had
hear heard heard
hide hid hidden
hit hit hit
hold held held

82
Common Irregular Verbs (continued)

Base Form Past Tense Past participle

hurt hurt hurt
keep kept kept
know knew known
lay laid laid
lead led led
learn learned/learnt learned/learnt
leave left left
lend lent lent
let let let
lie lay lain
lose lost lost
make made made
mean meant meant
meet met met
pay paid paid
put put put
read read read
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
rise rose risen
run ran run
say said said
see saw seen
sell sold sold
send sent sent
show showed showed/shown
shut shut shut
sing sang sung
sit sat sat
sleep slept slept
speak spoke spoken
spend spent spent
stand stood stood
swim swam swum
take took taken
teach taught taught
tear tore torn
tell told told
think thought thought
throw threw thrown
understand understood understood
wake woke woken
wear wore worn
win won won
write wrote written

83
Appendix 4

Times
Analog time 24 hour time
12.00am 12 o'clock; midnight 00:00 zero zero hundred hours
1.00am 1 o'clock 01:00 zero one hundred hours
2.00am 2 o'clock 02:00 zero two hundred hours
3.00am 3 o'clock 03:00 zero three hundred hours
4.00am 4 o'clock 04:00 zero four hundred hours
5.00am 5 o'clock 05:00 zero five hundred hours
6.00am 6 o'clock 06:00 zero six hundred hours
7.00am 7 o'clock 07:00 zero seven hundred hours
8.00am 8 o'clock 08:00 zero eight hundred hours
9.00am 9 o'clock 09:00 zero nine hundred hours
10.00am 10 o'clock 10:00 ten hundred hours
11.00am 11 o'clock 11:00 eleven hundred hours
12.00pm 12 o'clock; midday; noon 12:00 twelve hundred hours
1.00pm 1 o'clock 13:00 thirteen hundred hours
2.00pm 2 o'clock 14:00 fourteen hundred hours
3.00pm 3 o'clock 15:00 fifteen hundred hours
4.00pm 4 o'clock 16:00 sixteen hundred hours
5.00pm 5 o'clock 17:00 seventeen hundred hours
6.00pm 6 o'clock 18:00 eighteen hundred hours
7.00pm 7 o'clock 19:00 nineteen hundred hours
8.00pm 8 o'clock 20:00 twenty hundred hours
9.00pm 9 o'clock 21:00 twenty one hundred hours
10.00pm 10 o'clock 22:00 twenty two hundred hours
11.00pm 11 o'clock 23:00 twenty three hundred hours
Examples of quarter and half hours (analog)

quarter to three three o'clock quarter past three half past three
2.45am or 2.45pm 3.00am or 3.00pm 3.15am or 3.15pm 3.30am or 3.30pm

Examples of quarter and half hours (24 hour time)

zero two forty five zero three hundred hours zero three fifteen zero three thirty

84
Appendix 5
Days of the week/Months of the year/Units of time

Days Months Units of time

Monday January 60 seconds = 1 minute
Tuesday February 60 minutes = 1 hour
Wednesday March 24 hours = 1 day
Thursday April 7 days = 1 week
Friday May 4 weeks = 1 month
Saturday June 12 months = 1 year
Sunday July 4 years = 1 leap year
August 10 years = 1 decade
September 100 years = 1 century
October 1000 years = 1 millenium
November
December

Appendix 6
Weights and measures

Weight (mass) Length Volume

1000 milligrams = 1 gram 1000 millimetres = 1 metre 1000 millilitres = 1 litre
1000 grams = 1 kilogram 100 centimetres = 1 metre 1000 litres = 1 cubic metre
1000 kilograms = 1 metric tonne 1000 metres = 1 kilometre

Bibliography

Australian Learners Dictionary, 1997, National Centre for English Language Teaching
and Research, Macquarie University, NSW.

Horton, D. (ed.) 1994, The Encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Australia: Aboriginal Torres

Strait Islander History, Society and Culture, vols 1-2, Aboriginal Studies Press,
Canberra.

The Macquarie Dictionary, 1997, 3rd edn, Macquarie University, NSW.

My First Macquarie Dictionary, 1987, Jacaranda Press, Sydney.

NSW Department of School Education. 1994, New Arrivals Dictionaries, 16 vols,

Disadvantaged Schools Program, Erskineville.

Oxford Elementary Learner's Dictionary, 1994, 2nd edn, Oxford University Press,
Oxford.

85