Bhujbal Knowledge City

MET’s Institute of Technology, Nashik. (0776)

Class Test I (2023-24)
Model Answer
Program: Civil Engg. Semester: CE -4I
Course: Theory of Structures Course Code: 22303
Time: 1.15 Hr. Marks: 20
Sub Q. Question and Model Answers Marks
No.
1 Attempt any FOUR of the following 08
a) Explain the core of section for rectangular shape. 02
Ans The centrally located portion of a section within the load line falls so as to produce 01
only compressive stress is called as core of section.

01

OR
b) Define direct and bending stress. 02
Ans. Direct stress = Simple or direct stress can be defined as the stress produced due to 01
direct or axial loading to the cross-section area is called as direct stress.
Bending stress = Bending stress can be defined as the stress produced due to 01
eccentric loading to the cross-section area is called as bending stress.
c) Define slope and deflection of beam. 02
Ans. Slope = The angle made by a tangent at a point of a deflected beam with its neutral 01
surface of unloaded beam is called as slope.
Deflection = When a beam is loaded, the beam is deflected from its original position 01
in the direction perpendicular to its longitudinal axis. Then displacement of beam
measure from its neutral axis from unloaded condition of the beam to loaded beam is
called as deflection.
d) Explain boundary condition for fixed beam. 02
Ans. At the fixed support of beam, slope and deflection both are zero.
Slope, θ or dy/dx = 0 01
Deflection, y = 0 01
e) State any two disadvantages of fixed beam. 02
Ans. • The beam is stronger and stiffer.
• The slopes at the ends of the beam are zero. 02
(any
• The deflection at centre of span is reduced.
two)
• The bending moments at centre of span is reduced.

f) Define fixed beam with sketch. 02

Ans. Fixed beam: A beam whose end is firmly built in the support like wall, pillar or any 01
other structure, then such a beam is called as fixed beam.

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 01

2 Attempt any THREE of the following: 12

a) A retaining wall 6 m high has uniform thickness 2 m. It retains water up to top. 04
Determine total water pressure and net stress on dam. Also draw stress
distribution diagram. Use unit weight of water 10 kN/m2 and unit weight of wall
masonry is 18 kN/m2.
Ans. Step I: Given data
H and h = 6 m
B=1m
D=2m
Ÿw = 10 kN/m3
ρ = 18 kN/m3
Total water pressure = ?
Stress distribution diagram = ?

Step II: To calculate total water pressure (P)

P = Area of trangle of pressure distribution diagram
P = ½ x base x height
P = ½ x Ÿw h x h
P = ½ x 10 x 6 x 6 01
P = 180 kN.
Step III: To find stresses at base ( Ϭmax and Ϭmin)
Ϭmax = Ϭ0 + Ϭb
And Ϭmin = Ϭ0 – Ϭb
Ϭ0 = Direct stress = W/A
=A xh xρ /A
= h x ρ = 6 x 18
Ϭ0 = 108 kN/m2
Ϭb = Bending stress = M/Z
M = P x h/3 = 180 x 6/3 = 360 kNm
Z = I/y = (bd3/12) / (d/2) = bd2/6 = 1 x 22 /6 = 0.66 m3
=A xh xρ /A

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 ⸫ Ϭb = M/Z = 360/0.667 = 536.73 kN/m2

⸫ Ϭmax = Ϭ0 + Ϭb
= 108 + 536.73
= 647.73 kN/m2 01
⸫ Ϭmin = Ϭ0 – Ϭb
= 108 - 536.73
= - 431.73 kN/m2 01

Step IV: To draw stress distribution diagram

01

b) A rectangular column 150 mm wide and 100 mm thick carries a load of 150 kn 04
at an eccentricity of 50 mm in the plane bisecting the thickness. Find max and
min stress. Draw stress distribution diagram.
Ans.

Step I: Given data

b = 150 mm

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 d = 50 mm
A = b x d = 150 x 50 = 7500 mm2
P = 150 kN = 150 x 103 N
E = 50 mm
Ϭmax =?
Ϭmin =?
Step II: To find direct and bending stresses
Ϭ0 = Direct stress = P/A
= 150 x 103 / 7500
Ϭ0 = 10 N/mm2
01
Ϭb = Bending stress = M/Z
M = P x e = 150 x 103 x 50 = 7.5 x 106 N.mm
Z = Iyy / y = (db3/12) / (b/2) = db2/6 = 100 x 1502 /6 = 375 x 103 mm3
=A xh xρ /A
⸫ Ϭb = M/Z = 7.5 x 106 /375 x 103 = 20 N/mm2
Step III: To find stresses at base (Ϭmax and Ϭmin)
⸫ Ϭmax = Ϭ0 + Ϭb
= 10 + 20 01
= 30 N/mm2
⸫ Ϭmin = Ϭ0 – Ϭb 01
= 10 - 20
= - 10 N/mm2
Step IV: To draw stress distribution diagram

01

c) A CI beam 40 mm wide x 80 mm deep is simply supported over a span of 1m. 04

which carry a central point load of 25 kn. Modulus of elasticity of member 100
kn/mm2. Calculate maximum deflection and slopes at beam.
Ans. Step I: Given data

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 L = 1 m = 1000 mm
W = 25 kN = 25 x 103 N
E = 100 kn/mm2 = 100 x 103 N/mm2
b = 40 mm
d = 80 mm

Ixx = bd3/12 = 40 x 803 / 12 = 1.71 x 106 mm4

Step II: To calculate max deflection at the center of the span
Y max = - WL3/ 48EI = - (25 x 103 x 10003) / (48 x 100 x 103 x 1.71 x 106) 01
= - 3.05 mm 01
Step III: To calculate slope at the support.
θA = θB = WL2/16EI = (25 x 103 x 10002) / (16 x 100 x 103 x 1.71 x 106) 01
= 9.153 x 10-3 rad. 01

d) A cantilever beam of span 1.5 m has cross section 100 mm X 200 mm deep. Find 04
slope and deflection at free end when a point load of 10 kn is applied on free end.
Take E = 90 kn/mm2.
Ans.
Step I: Given data
L = 1.5 m = 1500 mm
W = 10 kN = 10 x 103 N
E = 90 kn/mm2 = 90 x 103 N/mm2
b = 100 mm
d = 200 mm
Ixx = bd3/12 = 100 x 2003 / 12 = 66.67 x 106 mm4
Step II: To calculate max deflection at the free end
Y max = - WL3/ 3EI = - (10 x 103 x 15003) / (3 x 90 x 103 x 66.67 x 106)
= - 1.87 mm
02
Step III: To calculate slope at the support.
θA = θB = WL2/2EI = (10 x 103 x 15002) / (2 x 90 x 103 x 66.67 x 106)
= 1.87 x 10-3 rad.
02
e) Explain the principle of superposition with respect to fixed beam. 04
Ans. • It states that “If number of forces are acting simultaneously on a body
then their combined effect on the body is equal to the algebraic sum of
the effects of the individual forces or moments consider separately.”
• We analyze the fixed beam with the help of principle of superposition as
follows:
• First, we have to convert
1. The fixed beam in to simply supported beam and we can find out
the free BM as well as we can draw the free BMD (µ diagram) 02
2. By calculating fixed end moments, we can plot the fixed end
moment diagram (µ’ diagram).

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 3. By superimposing the free BMD and fixed end moment diagram
we can get net BMD.

02

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