University of Cauca

Language Education Program

REGULAR COURSES B1

PFI

English IV

Student’s Textbook
 UNIT 1: WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

INTENSIVE READING

Read the letters and emails. Pay close attention to the phrases and words in bold.

A B
Dear Mike, The Edge School of English
105 Redcoats Road, Birmingham B15 4LB UK
Do you remember me? I was in your class five years
ago. We had a lot of fun, and I learnt a lot of Ms. Maria Schmidt
English. And you see I haven’t forgotten it. Isn’t Landhutstr. 384
that good? 3427 Utzenstorf
Switzerland
I hope everything is OK with you and the other
teachers at The Edge School. Dear Ms. Schmidt,

I’m writing now for my cousin, Thomas. He is Thank you for your application form for our
coming to your school next month. He’s twenty-two. summer course (15th-30th July). I have arranged
He hasn’t studied English since secondary school, accommodation for you with Mrs. Susan Miller at
so he isn’t very confident. Lime Trees, 15 The Grove, Birmingham B14
2AJ. Please can you write to her and tell her the
Have there been many changes to the school since I date and time of your arrival.
was there? I stayed with a very friendly family five We look forward to seeing you in July.
years ago – The Gibsons. Do they still take students?
Your sincerely,
You can email me on [email protected]
J H Elling
With many thanks for your help. John Elling
Office Manager
All the best,
Philippe Haupt
C D
Dear Mrs. Miller,
Dear Thomas Haupt I am attending a course at The Edge School from
15th to 30th July. The school has given me your
Mike spoke to me yesterday. I have reserved a name and address. I plan to arrive in Birmingham
room in the hostel for you. on Saturday, 13th July and leave on the 31st. Is that
convenient for you?
Have a good journey. Please can you tell me how to get from the airport
Best wishes to your house by public transport? I’ve never been
to Birmingham before. You can email me on
Lynn Brady [email protected]
Accommodation manager I look forward to meeting you.
Yours sincerely,

Maria
Maria Schmidt
E F
Dear Susan Dear Philippe

Are you sure? It’s very kind of you. My flight It was great to get your letter. Yes, I remember
 arrives at 11:30 am. It’s Swallow Air Flight No. you well. We all enjoyed that course. And you
SWA25. Thank you very much indeed. learnt some English!

Yours I’m very well, thank you. The Edge School has
Maria grown bigger. Last year we started a new
Business English course. It’s been very
successful.

Unfortunately, The Gibsons have moved to

another town. I haven’t seen them for two
years. But we opened a student hostel three
years ago. Would Thomas like a room there?

With best wishes

Mike Churchfield
G H

Dear Maria Dear Mr., Churchfield

Thank you for your letter. Those dates are fine. My cousin Philippe wrote to you last week.
You don’t need to use public transport because I Please can you reserve a room for me in the
can meet you in the car. What time does your hostel?
flight arrive?
And please call me Susan. I haven’t been to England since I was a child. I
Best wishes came with my parents ten years ago and I’ve
Susan wanted to come again since then.

I look forward to meeting you. Philippe has told

me lots of stories about his time at your school.

Yours
Thomas Haupt

1. Read letter A (to Mike) and letter B (to Maria). Then quickly read the other letters and emails
(C-H). Decide which three belong with the letter to Mike and which three belong with the letter
to Maria.

2. Put Mike’s and Maria’s letters/emails in the correct order. Label them Mike 2, Mike 3, Mike 4
and Maria 2, Maria 3, Maria 4.

3. Answer the following questions:

a. How has The Edge School changed?

b. Why hasn’t Mike seen the Gibsons for two years?
c. Why isn’t Thomas very confident?
d. Has Thomas been to England before?
e. What has Lynn done for Thomas?
f. When did Mike teach Philippe?
g. When did the Business English course start?
h. When did the school open a student hostel?
i. Who did Philippe stay with in England?
j. When did Thomas first visit England?
 PRESENT PERFECT AND PAST SIMPLE + AGO, FOR, SINCE, IN/ON/AT

 We use the PRESENT PERFECT tense with SINCE + a point in the past.
- I’ve worked here since 2008.

 We use the PRESENT PERFECT tense with FOR + a length of time.

- I’ve worked here for three years.

 We use the PAST SIMPLE tense with a point in the past.

- I travelled to New York in 2010.
- I went to the cinema on Monday.
- They had a meeting yesterday at five o’clock.

 We use the PAST SIMPLE tense with a length of time + AGO.

- My father bought this house two years ago.

BEEN AND GONE

He has gone to Acapulco = He’s there not here.

He’s been to Acapulco = He went there, but he isn’t there now.
He has never been to Acapulco = He hasn’t visited Acapulco in his life.

EXERCISES

1. After a language course, Maria got a job. She wrote this email to Thomas. Put the verbs into
the present perfect or past simple.

Dear Thomas
I’m having my lunch break and I want to tell you about my summer job at the telephone sales office.
I (1) ‘ve been here for one week and I (2) ________________ (already earn) £200! When I (3)
_____________ (begin), the manager (4) ________________ (give) me a list of people to phone. I
(5) _____________ (tell) them about our cheap holidays but they (6) _______________ (not want)
to buy one. Then I (7) _______________ (get) a new list of people to phone. I (8)
________________ (sell) fifteen holidays since Wednesday. Yesterday I (9) __________________
(buy) two new CDs, a coat, and some shoes. In fact, I (10) ______________ (spend) £180 since
the manager paid me. I’d better start work again!
Love,
Maria

2. Complete these sentences with FOR, SINCE, AGO, or IN.

1. We’ve been great friends _______ college.

2. Some years _______ I travelled to England with a friend called Bruno.
3. I haven’t seen Andrew _______ he moved to San Francisco.
4. Two weeks _______ I finished school and I wanted to do some sport.
5. He’s from Manchester but he’s lived in Zurich _______ two years.
6. My boyfriend went away _______ January.
7. This restaurant opened six months _______.
8. We’ve had this car _______ five months.
9. I haven’t seen Alice _______ Tuesday.
10. I left that flat two years _______.

3. Circle the correct verb in these sentences:

1. I’ve gone / been to the city centre three times this week. I’m not going again.
2. Susan’s gone / been to bed. She’s catching an early flight tomorrow.
3. Have you ever gone / been to Lisbon?
4. I’ve never gone / been anywhere as beautiful as Florence. I love it.
5. Charles isn’t in college this week. He’s gone / been to visit his grandparents.

SPEAKING

Activity 1
Work with a partner. Ask your partner some questions about the pictures using Have you ever
and the words below. Answer your partner’s questions truthfully.
If the answer is YES, tell your partner when you did it and give all the information you can
about it.

Example: Have you ever played volleyball?

Yes, I have. I played in a match last year and I …

Play volleyball Buy something online

Go to Medellin Go to a live concert

 Ride a bike Go to a wedding

Write an e-mail to your boss Write a letter by hand

Activity 2
Pair work. Take turns asking and answering questions using the information each one has in
the corresponding card.

STUDENT A

Part 1
You went to France last summer.
You went to China in 2010.
You went to South Africa in 2019.

You haven’t been anywhere else.

Part 2
Ask your partner questions and complete the table. E.g., Have you ever been to …? When did you
go there?

No Yes If ‘yes, when?

Australia
Japan
Italy
Kenya
Norway
Egypt

STUDENT B

Part 1
You went to Japan last winter.
You went to Kenya in 2012.
You went to Norway in 2017.
 You haven’t been anywhere else.

Part 2
Ask your partner questions and complete the table. E.g., Have you ever been to …? When did you
go there?

No Yes If ‘yes, when?

New Zealand
France
India
China
Sweden
South Africa

PRONUNCIATION - /ju:/, /ʌ/, /ɒ/ SOUNDS

1. Look at the words below and put them into the correct column.
university fun pop music become some
Tuesday other club long you above
doctor discuss want cost future

/ju:/ /ʌ/ /ɒ/

Listen and check your answers.

2. Look at the words below. Underline the words that contain the /ju:/ sound, circle the ones
that contain the /ʌ/ sound and cross out the words containing the /ɒ/ sound.

1. confident 2. love 3. continue

4. blogs 5. use 6. communication
7. unfortunately 8. gone 9. college
10. understand 11. log 12. document

Check your answers with your teacher’s help and repeat the words.

DICTOGLOSS

1. Listen to the teacher talk about communication.

2. Move into groups of four.
3. Listen for meaning: Listen to the whole text.
4. Listen and take notes: Take notes listening key words.

5. Work in groups to reconstruct an approximation of the text from notes (one student acts as the
writer)
6. Compare the reconstructed text and the original. Notice the type of errors that got in the way of
understanding the text.
7. Classify your errors using the following list.

What problems did you have?

a. I couldn’t hear which sound it was.
b. I couldn’t separate the sounds into words.
c. I heard the words, but I couldn’t remember their meaning quickly enough.
d. There were some new words for me.
e. I heard and understood the words but not the meaning of that part of the sentence.
f. Other problems.

PROBLEM SOLVING ACTIVITY

In groups of four students, read the following situation and the tasks given about it to solve a problem.

Context

Peter has passwords for three e-mail accounts, for his blog,
and for so many other websites where he needs to sign in.
He thinks he has about ten or twenty different passwords.
Unfortunately, he sometimes forgets some of them. Any
ideas or suggestions?

Restrictions
- He doesn’t want to write them on paper, because he might lose it and another person
would have all his passwords.
- He doesn’t want to have the same password for everything because that could be also
dangerous.
1. Individually, think about what you consider is the best decision she could make and the reasons
why this is the best.
2. Get in groups of four and tell your classmates about your opinion and why it is the best option.
3. In group, rank the advice from one to four in order of pertinence.
4. When the group is ready, present the results to the class.

Useful Vocabulary
I think…
He should… He shouldn’t …
I agree with you I don’t agree with you
The best decision is … The worst decision is…
If he has…(present perfect) If he hasn’t... (present perfect)

READING

READING. Look at the text in each question. What does it say? Choose the correct letter A, B
or C.

A. Tom wants Claire to get a concert ticket for

him.
B. Tom can’t go to the concert and wants Claire
to use his ticket.
C. Tom will get Claire a ticket unless she tells
him not to.

A. You can get the money you paid for

Thursday’s trip from the office.
B. If you haven’t paid for Thursday’s trip, you
should go to the office.
C. The trip which was cancelled will now take
place on Thursday.
 A. Luke is offering to collect the computer from
the shop for his mother.
B. Luke’s mother needs to collect her computer
from the shop by 5.30 today.
C. Luke’s mother should decide today if she can
fetch her computer from the shop.

A. Use either entrance if you want to buy a

bicycle.
B. Use the side entrance if your bicycle needs
mending.
C. Use the side entrance if the front entrance is
closed.

A. She has found Stefan’s hat.

B. Stefan has taken her hat.
C. Stefan has lost his homework.

LISTENING

You will hear a girl called Lisa and a boy called Sam talking about a book they have both read.
Decide if each sentence is correct or incorrect.
If it is correct, choose the letter A for YES. If it is not correct, choose the letter B for NO

1. Lisa disliked the book when she first started reading it. A B
2. Sam and Lisa felt sorry for Paul, the main character in the book. A B
3. Sam was interested in the mystery about Paul and his brother. A B
4. Lisa thought the author helped the reader to understand Paul. A B
5. Sam whished there was more information about football in the book. A B
6. Lisa liked the way the author developed Paul’s character. A B

SPEAKING
TEN-MINUTE WRITING
Write about how the written communication has changed through the times. How did people
communicate in written form in the past? How do people communicate in written form now?

WRITING WITH FEEDBACK

1. Write the information in the correct order to make a letter.

 Apartment problems
 Could you please send a repair person right away?
 I am a tenant at 469 W. Main St.
 You can contact me in Apartment 2C if you have any questions. Thank for your attention.
 The ceiling is leaking water. The washing machine and dryer are broken.
 Dear Mr. Diaz,
 The window is also cracked.
 I am writing to you about problems in my apartment. I am very upset.
 Armen Krikorian

2. Your English-speaking friend, Tessa, has lost her mobile phone. Read Tessa’s email and the
notes you have made. Then write an email to Tessa, using all your notes.
Write the response to this email in about 100 words.
 From: Tessa
Sent: 2nd March
Subject: lost my phone

Great to get your email and I’m glad to hear that you’ve
No, say why been working so hard! Did you get your essay finished on
time? I’m afraid I missed the deadline and I had to ask for
extra time.

The reason I haven’t called you recently is that I’ve lost my

sympathize mobile phone! I know, typical me- left it on the train while I
was coming home late one night! Bet you’ve never done
that! Anyway, obviously I need to get a new one. I’m so Yes, I have.
confused by all these advertisements for mobile phones and Say when
networks -I just don’t know which one to go for. What would
you suggest? Money’s not a problem because I’ve just got
paid for my summer job. Let me know what you think.

Thanks
recommend
Tessa

3/2/1 SPEAKING ACTIVITY

SPEAKING: How does written communication influence people’s life? In what situations do people
use written communication? How do you use written communication?

LISTENING – VIDEO: The power of written communication in a technological age

Vocabulary
Before you watch the video check the next vocabulary. Match the words with its
corresponding definition.

1. Letter _____ A. to place the responsibility on someone

2. Handwriting _____ B. the mass of nerve tissue in the head that is the centre of the
3. Recipient _____ nervous system
4. Blame _____ C. to cease to exist, vanish
5. Envelope _____ D. a flat paper container as for a letter o package
6. Evolve _____ E. to develop gradually
7. Brain _____ F. writing done with a pen or pencil by hand
8. Proud _____ G. a written message addressed to a person
9. Dying art _____ H. importance, significance
10. Society _____ I. feeling pleasure or satisfaction over something thought of as
11. Matter _____ bringing honor
12. Weep _____ J. A person who receives, receiver
K. A group of people associated together
L. To shed tears because of some emotion

Comprehension
Watch the video and answer the following questions

1. What was his father’s mission??

2. How many letters did his father write?
3. Where did he hand in the letters?
4. What hemispheres of the brain are involved in the writing process?
5. According to the speaker, is letter writing dead?
6. Why don’t people normally write letters?
7. What is the power of a written letter?
8. To whom will you write a letter and why?

INTEGRATED-SKILL ACTIVITY
LISTENING: EMAIL COMMUNICATION
Listen to the audio about email and fill in the gaps.

E-mail certainly ______________________. I never used ______________________ many letters

______________________. In the good old days before computers, we wrote real letters, with
paper and envelopes. I wrote one or two ______________________. But now, with e-mail, my in-
box is never empty. There’s always someone mailing me. I would like ______________________
where I’m free of e-mail. The sad thing is, very few mails I get are interesting. I get
______________________ – junk mail trying to sell me things I don’t want. I also get
______________________ from people asking me ______________________. Do this, do that,
reply ASAP. It’s too much sometimes. The ______________________ about e-mail is that you can
get things done quickly. I can e-mail a company in another country, and they can
______________________ in two minutes.

READING: AN EMAIL REQUEST FOR HELP

BEFORE READING
Preparation task: Match the definitions (a-f) with the vocabulary (1-6).

Vocabulary Definitions

1. … To clear something a. The material used to protect goods and present them to the
with somebody customer
2. … To talk through b. The process of producing or improving a product to suit
something customer’s needs
3. … Product design c. To introduce a product to the customers for the first time
4. … To launch a product d. To be good at noticing the smaller but important parts of things
5. … To have a good eye e. To discuss something carefully and in detail
for detail f. To get approval or permission from somebody to do something
6. … Packing

READING TEXT: An email request for help

To: James Forrester
Date: 6 November
Subject: Possible help with product design

Dear James,
As you know, we have been working on the new perfume that we are launching in April, and we are
unsure about some of the packaging details. We have seen some of your creative work in the sales
department and we think you have a very good eye por detail.
Do you have some time before close of business this Friday to sit down with us and talk through
some of our designs? We would truly appreciate your advice on this. It shouldn’t take longer than
two hours of your time and we would be happy to clear it with Patricia, your department head, if
necessary.

Best regards,
Sarah Ford
 Head of Department
Product Design

Task 1: Circle the best answer.

1. What department does James work for? 2. Which department is working on the new
a. Marketing perfume?
b. Product design a. Marketing
c. Sales b. Product design
d. Research and development c. Sales
d. Research and development

3. What is happening in April? 4. What is Sarah requesting?

a. The company will introduce the new a. For James to design the perfume
perfume to the public. b. For James to have a meeting with the
b. The product design department will product design department
finish their design of the new perfume. c. For James to ask Patricia for
c. The sales department will stop selling permission to sell the perfume
perfumes. d. For James to move the product design
d. The marketing department will design department
advertisements for the new perfume.

5. Who is the head of the sales department? 6. When would Sarah like to sit down with
a. James James?
b. Sarah a. Today
c. April b. Sometime next week
d. Patricia c. Any time between today and Friday
d. This weekend

Task 2: Write a number (1-6) to put the events in the order they are mentioned.

________ James has a meeting with Sarah and her team.

________ The product design department starts work on the design of the new perfume.
________ Sarah asks Patricia for permission to use James.
________ The product design department introduces the new perfume to the public.
________ Sarah and her team finalize the details of the packing for the new perfume.
________ Sarah writes an email to James asking for help.

SPEAKING: Tell the class about the use you give to the email nowadays. Talk about the
advantages and disadvantages of this way of communication.
 UNIT 2: FILMS

INTENSIVE READING

1. Read this newspaper article about shooting a film. Pay attention to the verbs in Past Simple.

A
A Day’s
Day’sWork
Workat at
thethe
Seaside
Seaside

Do you know many hours’

preparation are needed to make
a very short piece of film? Our
reporter went down to the beach
to find out.

Five o’clock was very early in Another caravan was the The director told everyone what
the morning for me but I dressing room, and the actors to do. I looked for the star of
wanted to get there to see all went in dressed in ordinary the film, Alexia Harris, but I
the preparations. The beach jeans and T-shirts and came couldn’t see her anywhere. She
looked at bit different from out in the clothes of the 1920s. finally arrived at about 10
usual and not just because the They all looked very relaxed, o’clock and looked rather
tourists were all missing at that sitting on picnic chairs on the annoyed because she had to
time in the morning. beach, chatting and drinking wait for a technician to check
But there were plenty of people coffee – they were obviously the microphones.
around. I noticed several well prepared. I got the answer to my question
caravans in the car park with The camera crew were very – how long does it take to
men and women going in and busy – they were moving the shoot a film? They shot only
out of them. I soon realized that cameras into the right ten minutes of film in one whole
one caravan was the make-up positions. The rest of the film day and the film crew were
room. The actors went in as crew were setting up the lights there for ten hours. I think I
one person and came out and checking microphones. I prefer my job – at least I don’t
looking like someone else. In had a chat with a man called usually have to get up at 5 am!
fact, they looked completely Ted – he was very keen to tell But it was fun to be a visitor for
different when they came out – me about his job, which was to a day.
some older, some younger, clear all the rubbish from the
some more handsome. One beach. The beach needed to
actress spent a whole hour with be completely clean, and he
the make-up artist. When she had to make sure there was
went in, she was 25 and when nothing modern in sight
she came out, she was 65! because the film is about the
1920s. He even had to move
some notices.
2. Read the article again. What did the actors do? What did the film crew do? Put a tick () next
to the following:

The actors … The film crew…

went to the make-up room set up the lights
went to the dressing room moved the cameras
swam in the sea checked the microphones
read the scripts chatted with journalists

3. Without reading the text again, write T for True or F for False in front of each statement:

T F
a. It was too early for tourists.
b. The actors slept in caravans.
c. In her make-up, one of the actresses looked older than she really was.
d. One of the actresses, turned 25 years old that day.
e. The actors wore their normal clothes in the film.
f. The star of the film was angry because other people were late.

4. Complete the chart with the simple past form or the past participle of the verbs found in the
text.

Simple Past Form Past Participle

was/were
wanted
looked
noticed
gone
came
spent
had
told
arrived
gotten
shot
PAST SIMPLE & PAST PERFECT

PAST PERFECT EXERCISES

1. Look back at the text “A Day’s

Work at the Seaside” and
complete the sentences below as
in the example.

When Alexia arrived…

a. the actors had changed their
clothes. .
(change/clothes)
 b. the actors ____________________________________________
(visit/make-up artist)
c. the rest of the film crew __________________________________
(set up/lights)
d. a man called Ted _______________________________________
(clear/rubbish)
e. the director ____________________________________________
(tell/everyone what to do)
f. the technician __________________________________________
(not/check/microphones)

When the reporter left …

g. they __________________________________________________
(shoot/ten minutes of the film)
h. the film crew ____________________________________________
(be/ten hours)

2. Use the Past Perfect to talk about you.

a. Write down the age you first did these things. Guess if you can’t remember. Put X if you
haven’t done something.

Activity Age Activity Age

Travel abroad Move house or flat
Fly an airplane Start school
Learn to read See a film at the cinema
Learn to swim Play a computer game

b. Make sentences like these: By the time I was six, I had started school, but I hadn’t learnt to read.

c. Work with a partner. Ask him/her sentences like these.

By the time you were seven, had you travelled abroad?

PAST SIMPLE or PAST PERFECT

 We use Past Simple if we give past events in the order in which they occurred. However,
when we look back from a certain time in the past to tell what had happened before, we use
Past Perfect.
 When two things happen almost at the same time, we use the Past Simple tense in both
sentences.
 When one event happened before another, we use Past Perfect for the event that happened
first and Past Simple for the second event.

Past Simple Past Perfect

Some time in the past: Jane got up at seven Before/up to a certain time in the past: Before
and then she went to work. her nineteenth birthday, Jane had never worked.

Signal Words in the Past Perfect Tense: already, up to then, before that day, by the time, for, just,
never, not yet, once, until that day

Exercise
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use Past Perfect or Past Simple.
 1. Tom …………….. (give) me the book yesterday but I knew he …………………. (not read) it.
2. Alice came back from Australia and she said that she ………………………. (enjoy) a lot there.
3. When I arrived home I realized that I ………………… (not phone) my grandparents.
4. The postman ……………………….(come) after I …………………………. (leave) the office.
5. When the old lady ………………………. (return) to her flat, she ………………………. (see) that
burglars …………………………. (break) into.
6. The train ……………………… (leave) before Helen ……………………… (arrive) at the station.
7. My grandmother ………………………….(make) some cheese sandwiches by the time I
………………………… (get) home at 5.30.
8. After she ……………………… (study) the lesson, she …………………………. (do) the exercises.
9. Barbara ……………………. (forget) that she …………………………. (not do) any shopping for the
weekend.
10. I wondered where I ……………………………. (see) him before.

SPEAKING
1. What kind of film is each one? Use the words in the box below and write them next to the
films.

action film cartoon/animation comedy historical film

horror film love story musical science fiction film

a. ____________________ b. _____________________
 d.
c. _________________________
________________________________

e. ___________________________ f. ______________________________

g. ___________________________ h. ___________________________

2. Work in a group. Tell the other students the story of a film you saw recently. Can they tell
you the name of the film? Use the words in the box to help you.

At the beginning At first Suddenly

Then Next At the end

3. What kind of film did you talk about?

4. Tell the other students what kinds of film you like best. Who is your favorite film star?

For additional practice of the vocabulary, visit this website to find a video where you will have
to watch some movie clips and guess what the movie genre is:
https://en.islcollective.com/video-lessons/guess-the-moviefilm-genre-activity

PRONUNCIATION: /ʒ/ /dʒ/

1. Think about the sounds /ʒ/ and /dʒ/. Can you find them in this sentence?

I heard a great joke on television yesterday.

2. Study the following information and read the examples.

/ʒ/ is a fricative consonant, this means it is possible to make it sound for a long time.

Examples:
  equation – usually
 words ending in “sion”: conclusion – confusion – decision – occasion – provision – television –
vision
 words ending in “sual”: usual – visual
 words ending in “sure”: exposure – measure – pleasure

/dʒ/ is an affricate consonant; it can’t last long.

Examples:

 At the beginning of the word: just, general

 At the end of the word: change, edge
 In the middle of the word:
 Between vowels: agent, budget, imagine, intelligence, manager, major, original, project,
region, register, religious, reject
 Other cases: arrangement, dangerous, engineer, largely, management, passenger

Watch this video for an additional explanation and examples:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NaawqDO5QvY

3. Listen and repeat these sentences. Which words have the sound /ʒ/? Which words have the
sound /dʒ/. Mark them in different colours.

a. Can you measure these jeans, please?

b. We keep the fridge in the kitchen and the TV in the lounge.
c. I’m doing revision for my college exams.
d. Do you see movies for pleasure?
e. She usually pays generous wages.
f. The Bridge Hotel has excellent leisure facilities.
g. We’ve just made an important decision.
h. A giraffe is an unusual pet.

WRITING WITH FEEDBACK

1. You are the script writer for an important film company. Your boss wants you to write a plot
for a film. Choose one of the sentences below to begin a story for a film. Don’t write the story
but write some notes.

When I reached the station, the bus had left.

I had looked for my phone everywhere, then, I found it in the most unexpected place.

We took the wrong turning off the road. We had gotten lost.

When we arrived to the only the hotel available, the owner looked really scary.
2. Work with a partner who is your “boss”. Tell the film story to your partner.

3. Write your story in about 100 words. Use Past Simple and Past Perfect.

READING AND WRITING

1. A synopsis is a summary of a written work or a film. Read the film synopses below and try to
guess the title of the film.

Film 1: ________________ Film 2: ________________ Film 3: ________________

This is a comedy starring Jim This is a sci-fi thriller starring This action/adventure film is
Carrey. When a light falls Keanu Reeves. His character, a remake of a 1933 classic.
from the sky, Carrey’s Neo, is a computer hacker who Jack Black plays a movie
character Truman begins to discovers that life on earth is a director who captures a giant
suspect that something is façade created by intelligent ape from a lost island and
wrong with the world. He goes machines that use humans to brings the ape back to New
on to discover that his whole generate energy. York. In the end, the ape
life is being filmed as a show escapes captivity and causes
for others to watch. destruction in New York.
Film 4: ________________
In this romance, Kate Winslet Film 5: ________________
plays an upper-class woman This is a suspense drama
who falls in love with a poor starring Bruce Willis. He plays
artist. The story takes place a doctor who helps children
aboard a ship that is struck with psychological problems.
by an iceberg and sunk. In the He tries to help a troubled
end, Kate Winslet’s character, child who sees ghosts. In the
Rose, survives but the poor end, he helps the boy find
artist, who is played by peace, but he discovers that
Leonardo DiCaprio, dies. he is a ghost himself.

Film 6: ________________ Film 8: ________________

 In this sci-fi action film, Will This is an action film starring
Smith plays a cop who is Film 7: ________________ Tobey Maguire. He plays a
recruited into the When a criminal maniac, Sirius superhero who has to stop the
government’s most secret Black, escapes from prison, evil genius Dr. Octopus.
agency. He has to find ‘illegal Harry Potter, who is played by Unfortunately, his real-life
aliens’ that are hiding in New Daniel Radcliffe, has to be problems as college student
York, including an insect-like careful. It turns out that Peter Parker cause him to
alien that is trying to take Sirius is not who he seems. temporarily give up being the
over the world. superhero.

2. Write your own film synopsis using the clues in the box. Get in groups and read your
synopsis to your group and they will try to guess your film. Listen to your classmates reading
their synopsis. Wait until all five clues have been read before guessing.

Film _________________________________ (Film Title: Keep this a secret)

Clue #1 It’s a _____________________________. (Genre)

Clue #2 It takes place __________________________________. (Setting)
Clue #3 ___________________ is in it. (Actor)
Clue #4 It’s about _____________________________________ (Plot)
_____________________________________________
Clue #5 In the end, ____________________________________ (Climax)
_____________________________________________

LISTENING
You will hear a recorded message giving you information about films. For each question, fill in
the missing information in the numbered space.

VICTORIA CINEMA
Films showing from 7 July

One Summer Night – normally three performances but

only one at 7.30 pm on (1) ___________________

Talk by the (2) __________________ of The Violinist on

Wednesday.

Late-night film Dead Men’s Shoes has won a prize for the
(3) ____________________________

On Saturday at 5 pm you can see the film A Dangerous

Game in (4) _________________ with subtitles.

Children’s film club:

At 10 am The Young (5) ______________________
At 11.30 am The Mad Professor

You can book your tickets by phone between 10.30 am

and (6) ___________________ pm with a credit card.

DICTATION

Listen to the teacher and complete the text.

In 1921, a woman (a) _______________ to the town where she (b) _________________ as a teenager. She
was walking along the beach when she (c) _________________ a friend who she (d) ____________________
for ten years. He (e) ___________________ her that one day when they were seventeen, they (f)
____________________ a hole in the sand, they (g) __________________ a bottle in it with some poems
inside that they (h) _______________ to each other and then they (i) ____________________ it up. They (j)
________________ to find the bottle. After an hour, they (k) __________________ the place and they (l)
_____________________ to dig. The bottle (m) ___________________ still there. They (n)
_____________________ it out the hole and (o) ___________________ the letters they (p)
_____________________ to each other ten years before. They (q) _____________________ very embarrassed
and (r) ______________________ what to say.
 LISTENING AND READING

A.

LISTENING

Listen to two friends chatting about a television series. Match the characters (1-5) with what
the speakers say about them (a-e).

No Characters What the speakers say about them…

1. …… The dragon a. did something that wasn’t very surprising.
2. ……. Jaime b. looked impressive.
3. ……. Bronn c. is not the woman’s favourite character any more.
4. ……. Tyrion d. never does anything we expect.
5. ……. Cersei e. almost died.

B. READING

Read the conversation while listening again. Based on the conversation, read the questions.
Circle the best answer.

1. How often does the woman watch the show?

a. always
b. sometimes
c. we don’t know

2. How has the woman’s opinion of the show changed over time?
a. It’s become more positive.
b. It’s become less positive.
c. It hasn’t changed.

3. What does the man think of the story?

a. It’s very well written.
b. Too many characters died.
c. He can’t remember much about it.

4. What is the one negative thing about the show for the man?
a. They spent too much money on the special effects.
b. The episodes were too short.
c. There weren’t enough episodes.

5. Why does the man think the writers have fewer ideas for stories now?
a. Because they’re saving their ideas to make a Hollywood film.
b. Because they aren’t copying the books.
c. Because they’re copying the books.

6. Why does the woman like Cersei?

a. The character does unpredictable things.
b. The character learns from her mistakes.
c. She’s a very intelligent character.

SPEAKING

Topic: Telling a Story

Your teacher will give you a card which shows a scene

from a film. Four other people in your class have other
scenes from the same film. Do the following activities:
 - find the people with the other scenes from your film.
- work with the group and invent an ending for your film.
- share the film you have with the class.

INFORMATION TRANSFER

Watch the video” Spider Man - Stuntman falls on

Broadway”. Pay attention to the events that
happened in the Broadway performance accident.
Rebuild the situation through 7 steps.

STEP EVENT

3/2/1/ SPEAKING ACTIVITY

Talk about experiences you had lived before you were 18 years old. Example: Before I was 18 years
old, I had learned how to drive a car.
 INTEGRATED SKILL ACTIVITY

READING
Read the information about The Mysterious Visitor. Choose the best word a, b or c to complete
the text.

The Mysterious Visitor

Derek had just (1) ………. watching the late news when
someone (2) ………. on the door. “That´s strange,” he (3)
………. “Who can it be this late?” He (4) ………. the door. A
woman was standing there. “Derek Wood?” She (5) ………..
“Yes?” He said. “Great!” She said. “I´m Samantha. Can I
come in?” “Come in?” (6) ………. Derek. “Who are you”? “I´m
your cousin from Australia”. (7) I ………. you a letter. Didn´t
you get it?”
Derek (8) ………. a letter and he didn´t have relatives in
Australia. But before he could say anything, she (9) ……….
into the apartment.
“Just a second,” Derek (10) ………. “What are you doing”?

1. a. finishes b. finish c. finished

2. a. knocked b. knock c. knock
3. a. think b. thought c. thoughts
4. a. opened b. opens c. open
5. a. ask b. asked c. asks
6. a. repeated b. repeat c. repeats
7. a. wrote b. written c. write
8. a. has received b. hadn´t received c. have received
9. a. had walked b. walked c. has walked
10 a. says b. say c. said

WRITING
Based on the first part of the short story above, imagine how it might end and write the end of
the story. Answer these questions:

 How long did Samantha stay?

 Why didn’t Derek know about her?
 Did they arrange to meet again?
 Did Derek ever visit her in Australia?

SPEAKING
Share with a classmate the end of the story “The Mysterious Visitor”.
 UNIT 3: THE UNEXPLAINED

INTENSIVE READING: What did they say?

Read the reports about UFOs below carefully.

Mac Brazel had a farm in New Mexico, USA. One day in 1947, he found
some strange silvery pieces of material in a field. Not far away a man
called Grady Barnett found a large disc-shaped object which had crashed
to the ground. They also found some bodies. Barnett and Brazel said that
the bodies looked like humans, but they were not humans. The US army
has a base at Roswell near Brazel’s farm. Soldiers arrived at the farm.
They ordered everyone to go away. They collected everything the people
had seen. Later they announced that a weather balloon had a crashed
there. They showed journalists some material. They said it was part of a
weather balloon. Mac Brazel said that he had seen a different kind of material. He told the journalists
that he would never believe the soldiers.

In early 1958, the Brazilian ship Almirante Saldhana was in the South Atlantic near Trinidade Island.
Many of the crew said that on 16th January they had seen a strange UFO above the island. They said
that it had had a ring around it like the planet Saturn. Although it moved away very quickly, a
photographer on the ship had time to take a picture of it.

Canadian Stephan Michalak described what happened to him in 1967.

He said he had gone to search for gold in a lake. Suddenly he saw two
UFOs in the sky. He told people one of them had landed near him and
he explained that he had approached it. Although it was very hot, he
touched it. His shirt caught fire. Three weeks later he said he was still
feeling ill, with strange burns on his chest and stomach.

Exercises

1. Look at the sentences in the direct speech column. Write the name of the speakers.
2. Look at the sentences in the reported speech column. Copy the missing words from the reading.
Follow the example.

Who? Direct Speech Reported speech

a. Barnett and The bodies look like humans. They said that the bodies looked like
Brazel humans.
b. A weather balloon crashed here. Later they announced that a weather
balloon had crashed there.
c. It’s part of a weather balloon. They said it ……….part of a weather
balloon.
d. I saw a different kind of material. Brazel said that he……........………. a
different kind of material.
e. I will never believe the soldiers. He told the journalists that he
……………………
f. On 16th January we saw a strange Many of the crew said that on 16 th
UFO. January ………………………
g. It had a ring around it. They said that it ……………………….
h. I went to search for gold in a lake. He said …………………………………
i. One of them landed near me. He told people …………………………
j. I approached it. He explained that………………………
k. I’m still feeling ill. He said………………………………….

REPORTED SPEECH

What people say Reporting what people said

Present simple Past simple
I see aliens quite often. She said she saw aliens quite often.
Present continuous Past continuous
I’m feeling ill. She said she was feeling ill.
will + verb would + verb
We will meet you later. They said they would meet us later
Present perfect Past perfect
I have seen lots of aliens here. She said she had seen lots of aliens
there.
Past simple Past perfect
I saw some aliens last week. She said she had seen some aliens
last week.
 GRAMMAR EXERCISES

A. Report what these people said. Write your answers.

1. I enjoy films about space travel. He said he enjoyed films about space travel.

2. I don’t enjoy cartoons. She said ………………………………………………………

3. We’re both fans of Manchester United. They said ……………………………………………….

4. I haven’t seen my brother for three weeks. She said ……………………………………………

5. My mom is making me a great birthday cake. He said …………………………………………

6. My friend didn’t invite me to her party……………………………………………………………….

B. Choose the correct verb in these sentences.

1. My girlfriend said / told me that she had found a new flat.

2. She said / told that there would be a great party the next weekend.

3. Someone said / told me that it was a good place to spend the day.

4. Anabel said / told that she was fifteen years old.

5. Yesterday you said / told me that you wanted to come to the cinema.

C. Choose the correct form to complete the sentences.

1. I work in a bank. He said that he had worked/ has worked / worked in a bank.
2. I am working today. She told us she worked / is working / was working that day.
3. I've been ill for a couple of weeks. He told me he is ill / was ill / had been ill for a couple of weeks.
4. I was at the doctor all morning. She told me that she has been / had been / would be at the doctor.
5. I'll lend you the money. He told me he lent / was lending / would lend me money.
6. I can't do it without your help. She said she hadn’t done / couldn’t do / didn’t do it without my
help.

D. Report what these two people said.

Pete: I noticed you weren’t at school yesterday. Pete said to Rachel that he……………………
Rachel: I felt sick. she……………………… at school the day
Pete: We had a history test. before. Rachel told him that she …........... sick.
Rachel: I forgot about the test. Pete said they …………………… a history test.
Pete: I don’t believe you. I think that is why you Rachel said she ………………...about the test.
skipped school. Pete told her that he ………………. her and he
Rachel: I will probably have to do the test this ………………that ………………why Rachel
afternoon anyway. ……………. school. Rachel said she ………..
Pete: I’m not going to tell you the questions. probably……………….. to do the test that
Rachel: I can ask James and he will tell me. afternoon anyway. Pete said he ……………….
her the questions. Rachel said that she
……………………….. James and that he
………………… her.
 LISTENING

A. Listen to Albert inviting friends to his party on Saturday. What excuses do people give for
not coming? Match the person to the excuse.

1. Scott ……… a. She said she wasn’t feeling well.

2. Fumiko …….. b. He said he was taking his mother to a dance club.
3. Manuel …….. c. She said she had houseguests for the weekend.
4. Regina d. He said that he would be out of town.
e. She said she might go out with friends.
f. He said he was going away with his family.

B. Complete the speech conversations according to what they said.

1. A: What did the boss say about me 2. A: What did the weather report say about
when I didn’t go to the meeting? today?
B: ……………………………… lazy and not a B:…………………………………………….
team player.

3. A: What gossip did you hear? 4. A: Giana, what did you say that was so funny?
B: I heard………………… promoted to B: ……………………the smartest teacher I’ve
chief executive. ever had.

5. A: Did you tell them about our ideas for the

start-up?
B: Absolutely Emily, I……...if they invested
in our ideas, ………………. make them
rich.

PRONUNCIATION: SILENT CONSONANTS

1. Cross out the consonants which are silent in these words. Practice saying the words.

Comb when honest

2. How many words with a silent consonant can you find in each sentence? Mark each word.

a. Do you know what the answer is? 3

b. The knives might be in the high cupboard,
c. I’ve broken my wrist, my thumb, my knee, and my foot.
d. That foreigner could be a scientist.
e. You need a bright light to write the receipt.
f. Let’s meet in half an hour.

3. Look at the words you found in Exercise 2. Are the silent consonants at the beginning,
middle or end of the words? Write the words in three columns, as below. Cross out the silent
letters.
 Beginning Middle End
Know what, answer high

SPEAKING

Work in a group. Your teacher is a famous person. The first group to guess who he/she is wins
the game.

 Your group sends one person to ask the teacher for a clue. That person goes back to the
group and reports what the teacher said.
Example: She said she lived in the USA.
Then the group sends a different student for another clue.

 If your group thinks you know who the famous person is, you can write the name on a piece of
paper and show it to the teacher. If you are wrong, your group must miss a turn of hearing the
clues.

WRITING WITH FEEDBACK

Look at the next example about UFOs. Do you believe in UFOs? or life on other
planets? Write about it.

Franck Fontaine told a lot of people that aliens had kidnapped him. Two of
his friends said that on 6th November 1979, at Cergy-Pontoise in France,
they had seen a light all round Franck's car and then Franck had
disappeared. Franck said aliens had taken him to their spacecraft and he
had woken up a week later in the middle of a field. He said the aliens
would return in August 1980 and he was meeting them in the field. Two
hundred people said they believed him and went to meet the aliens, but
they did not arrive.

SPEAKING AND WRITING

1. Work with a partner. Find out what other people think about UFOS. Ask as many people as
possible and write the number of people who agree with each statement.
2. When you have finished, write a report about your most interesting results. Use numbers (or
percentages if you like).

EXAMPLE:

We spoke to twenty people.

Five people said they believed in UFOs.
Ten people said they weren't sure about UFOs.
25% said they believed in UFOs.
50% said they weren't sure about UFOs.
 SPEAKING

In groups of 3. Each student must choose one of the topics to talk about. Student A talks about
his topic to Student B. Student B reports on the information of Student A to Student C.
Interchange roles in order that all students report and talk to another.

Student A Student B Student C

UFOs are real. Ghosts are real. Magic is real.

UFOs are not real. Ghosts are not real. Magic is not real.

Experiences with UFOS. Supernatural experiences. Experiences with magic powers.

Life on other planets. Life after death. Rituals, spells, or curses.

You can take notes here:

 PROBLEM-SOLVING ACTIVITY

In groups of four students, read the following situation and the tasks given about it to solve a
problem.

Context
A friend is not doing very well. He looks very tired. He has not slept well in the last
week. He says that every night around 3 o’clock in the morning he suddenly wakes
up and can’t move or scream. There’s always a tall dark figure watching him from
the corner of his room. He’s thinking about moving out of his apartment although
this appartement is perfect for him. It’s close to college, its cheap and very nice.
Your friend doesn’t believe in supernatural things, but sleep deprivation is making
his life difficult, especially with study. Give him advice.

Restrictions
He can only afford what he already pays for the apartment.
He won’t take sleeping aids.

1. Individually, think about what you consider is the best decision he could make and the reasons why
this is the best.

2. Get in groups of four and tell your classmates about your opinion and why it is the best option.

3. In group, rank the advice from one to four in order of pertinence.

4. When the group is ready, present the results to the class.

Useful Vocabulary:

I think…
He should…
He shouldn’t …
I agree with you
I don’t agree with you
The best decision is …
If he …. he will…
If he doesn’t ……he is going to…
 TEN-MINUTE WRITING

WRITING: Do you believe in magic? Why? Have you or someone close had
supernatural experiences? What happened?

WRITING - INFORMATION TRANSFER

Read the following article and complete the table with the required information.

Fanfiction: fun for readers or unfair to original writers. In fanfiction, also known as fanfic, writers
borrow characters and concepts from books, films, and TV shows, and write alternative storylines. We
asked four people for their take on this growing form of storytelling.

Lin Nicole
People are often curious about how I got started, but Personally, fanfiction wouldn’t be my reading of
it was quite simple. I read the last chapter of a novel choice, but I don’t have any moral problem with it. If
and I hated the ending! Not only was it a bad ending it keeps people reading and brings them enjoyment,
to the story, but the characters also seemed to have so much the better. Professionally, it isn’t something
lost their original personality. So, I set about writing we have as part of our list, but we do keep a close
my own ending, just for fun. I was when I found that eye on the main fanfiction sites, just to see which
other fans were as dissatisfied as me with the same genre is most popular and who are the up-and-
book, that I decided to make my version available coming writers.
online. It was an instant hit, with some fans saying There’s a surprising amount of talent out there,
my work was more credible and enjoyable. Now I’m although some professionals prefer not to admit it.
a regular fanfic writer with thousands of readers Fanfiction is often seen as second best, as if the
worldwide. Having their comments helps me shape writers are just imitators of “real” authors. I don’t
what happens next and keeps me going. It’s that see it like that. They may not have invented the
ongoing interaction that distinguishes fanfiction from characters, but the narratives are all their own work.
other forms of writing. The fans also take the writing very seriously and give
brutally honest feedback. So, fanfiction can be an
excellent training ground.
Jake Simon
I started out of love for the characters in my Having made a name for myself as a successful
favourite books. It wasn’t because I thought I could science fiction writer, I was horrified when my
do better than the original author; I just wanted to characters started appearing all over the online story
see what would happen to their characters in site Wattpad. I contacted my publisher to see if we
different situations. I was by no means an overnight could get all the stories related to my work taken
success, but over time my fan base grew. What I down. They can’t take any action unless the writers
didn’t realise was that I was developing as a writer receive an income from their stories. Some say I
and growing in confidence. Then a publisher got in should be flattered, but my objection is about who
touch to see if I had any ideas for an original work. I owns the work. Writers need to have professional
did and I’m now in my fifth year as a professional respect for each other and not just take what they
writer. Many professional writers query the fairness want from another person’s creativity. Just because
of their work being copied. All I can say is, my sales fanfiction has a huge audience doesn’t make it right.
haven’t suffered. And once a story is out in the Most of these writers remain anonymous on
world, it’s really owned by the readers, so I can’t Wattpad, which seems to indicate they’re less than
control it. proud of what they do.

Writer Direct speech Reported speech

 Lin “it was really quite simple” She said it had been really quite simple.
“I don’t have any moral problem
with it”
Jake “I could do better than the original
author”
Simon
She said that she had found other fans had been
as dissatisfied as her with the same book.
Nicole “They may not have invented the
characters”
Jake “I’m now in my fifth year as a He said he was then in his fifth year as a
professional writer” professional writer.
“I contacted my publisher to see if
we could get all the stories related
to my work taken down”
She said she was a regular fanfic writer.
“Some say I should be flattered”

LISTENING

You will hear a conversation between a girl, Dina, and a boy, Jason, about Dina’s sister, Jessica.
Decide if each sentence is correct or incorrect. If is correct, put a tick () in the parenthesis under A
for YES. If it is not correct, put a tick () in the parenthesis under B for No.

A B
YES NO
1. Jason is surprised to see Dina near his work.
2. Dina is going on holiday soon.
3. Jason respects Jessica’s attitude to work.
4. Dina feels sorry for Jessica.
5. Dina believes Jessica saw a ghost.
6. Jason intends to visit Jessica soon.

WRITING: SPOOKY SPACE 'SOUNDS'

Saturn's Radio Emissions: Saturn is a source of intense radio emissions, which were monitored by the
Cassini spacecraft. The radio waves are closely related to the auroras near the poles of the planet.
These auroras are like Earth's northern and southern lights.
-National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

Listen to the sounds of Saturn. What comes to your mind while listening to the audio? Write a
short text inspired by this sound.

WRITING

Here are some sentences.

For each question, complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use
no more than three words.

1. The Sci-Fi convention is near my house. 7. The convention was so long that I fell asleep.
The Sci-Fi convention is not far from my house. It was such _______________ that I fell asleep.

2. The Area 51 has seven UFOs. 8. I found the book of shadows interesting.
There _______________ seven UFOs in the Area I was_______________ by the book of shadows.
51.
9. The title of the book was Clavicula Salomonis.
3. I search the sky for UFOs every Saturday with my The book was _______________Clavicula
friend. Salomonis.
I search the sky for UFOs ______________
Saturdays with my friend.

4. We pay £27 for a spaceship model. 10. My brother said it was the fakest alien he'd ever
The spaceship model _______________ £27. seen.
My brother said, “_______________ the fakest alien
I've ever seen.”
5. Last week my brother said he saw dead people.
Last week my brother said, “I______________ dead 11. 'We're all going to play Star Craft,' they said.
people.”
They said they _______________ to play Star Craft.

6. My sister is too young to play D&D. 12. “I won’t play with you,” she said.
My sister isn't _______________ to play D&D. She said she _______________ with them.
 3/2/1 SPEAKING ACTIVITY

SPEAKING: Do you believe in magic? Why? Have you or someone close had supernatural
experiences? What happened?

INTEGRATED-SKILL ACTIVITY

A. Discussion. Discuss the following questions with your partner:

1. Do you believe in the supernatural?

2. Is there any supernatural story from your hometown?
3. Have you ever experienced something unexplainable?

B. Vocabulary. Match the definitions with their corresponding word. Use your dictionary.

1. Witch. a. A hairy creature like a human being reported

to exist in the north western U.S. and western
2. UFO. Canada and said to be a primate between 6 and
15 feet (1.8 and 4.6 meters) tall.
4. Sasquatch.
b. A person (especially a woman) who is
5. Sorcery. credited with having usually malignant
supernatural powers.

c. The use of power gained from the assistance

or control of evil spirits especially for divining.

d. A mysterious flying object in the sky that is

sometimes assumed to be a spaceship from
another planet.

e. An evil spirit.

C. Reading. Read the following story carefully.

'Fallers'
by dastard82

People started falling from the sky by the close of the decade. They
were never clothed, always naked, always a petrifying grin on their
faces. It had been just a few at first, but then hundreds and
thousands would fall at a time, destroying cars, homes, blocking off
highways. Strange discoveries were made upon research; they
were human, but lacked any blood, intestines, even a heart. No one
could explain the hideous grins they had, or even where they came
from. It was a woman in Costa Rica who made the latest and most
disturbing discovery. She recognized one of the fallen bodies as a long dead relative, one who died
back when she had been a teenager. Then more and more identifications were made. Soon people
were picking out their long dead loved ones amongst the video feeds, cadaver piles, and
crematoriums. No one could explain why they were coming back, falling from the sky. Even more
distressing, after disposing of the bodies, it wouldn't be long until that same body came plummeting
from the sky again. You could not get rid of them, no matter what. People were getting killed by the
higher volume of falling bodies, and soon after burial, they too, began to fall. My mother was killed
when a body landed on her car, crushing her. The next week, the news reported on a body that had
gotten lodged in an airplane windshield. I saw my mother’s grinning face, the happiest I had ever seen
her. They say when hell is full; the dead shall walk the earth. What about heaven?

Decide if the statements below are true, false, or not mentioned.

1. People know why bodies started falling from the sky.

2. People who fell from the sky always grinned.
3. Millions of people suddenly started to fall from the sky.
4. People who fell from the sky were human.
5. A European woman was the first to discover the identity of one of the bodies.
6. People who fell from the sky were abducted by aliens.
7. Dead people who fell from the sky were exsanguinated by suction.
8. People who fell from the sky only were suicide cases.

D. Writing

Answer the following questions about the unexplainable:

1. Do you think luck exists?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Do you have lucky charms?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. What do you consider is luck?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. What do you think happens with people that experience bad things constantly?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. If you had total luck for one hour, what would you do?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. Do you think luck can be controlled?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

E. Speaking

Work with a partner and prepare a report about what your partner said.
 UNIT 4: WHAT WOULD YOU DO?

INTENSIVE READING
1. Read the text below.
Do you fancy being a star but know you never will be? Then working for a star could be the job for
you. With plenty of cash and no journalists looking through your rubbish bins, it could be perfect.
Here are just some of the jobs you could choose.
A. B. C. D. E. F

Personal trainer fashion designer bodyguard celebrity chef stylist personal assistant
2. Work in a group. Read the web page again and think about the answers to these questions.
Underline any words you don’t know and talk about them in your group.

Job A Job D
1. What is meant by to get their hands dirty?8. What kind of jobs does a personal assistant
2. What does I’m responsible for mean? do?
9. Why might he / she get shouted at?
Job B Job E
3. What does a stylist do? 10. Why can a personal trainer tell a star what to
4. Why is he / she so important? do?
11. What might happen?
Job C Job F
5. What does knocking at my door mean in the 12. Why does a bodyguard have to be strong
text? both, physically and mentally?
6. What does up-to-date mean? 13. What might be a disadvantage of the job?
7. What might happen?

3. Think of four advantages and four disadvantages of being famous. Would you like to be
famous? Why? / why not?

SECOND CONDITIONAL

1. You already read about some people who work with celebrities. Would you like that kind of
job? Who would you like to work for? Make some conditional sentences.
Example: If I was / were X’s bodyguard, I’d …

Put the verbs have and look into the correct form in these sentences.

condition result
If + past tense would + infinitive verb
If I ……………………. a stylist, I ………………….. good all the time.

result condition
would + infinitive verb if + past
I …………….. good all the time if I ……………….. a stylist.

2. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense use the second conditional.

a) If we lived (live) near the sea, we’d go (go) to the beach every weekend.
b) If I __________ (not have) so much homework to do, I __________ (go) out with my friends.
c) I __________ (buy) a new computer If I __________ (have) plenty of money.
d) If I __________ (own) a plane, I __________ (fly) in it every day.
e) If Andrea __________ (get up) earlier, she __________ (not be) late every day.
f) If my neighbours __________ (be) friendly, I __________ (invite) them to me party.
g) If Suzi __________ (be) old enough, she __________ (learn) to drive.
h) My brother __________ (teach) you the guitar if he __________ (have) time.
3. Complete these sentences using your own ideas. Use the first or second conditional.

a) If I was a pop star, I’d write amazing songs.

b) If you lose your purse, I’ll lend you some money.
c) If I had a helicopter, ____________________.
d) If you spoke perfect English, _________________________.
e) If I go to bed late tonight, ____________________________.
f) If you don’t help me with this work, ____________________.
g) If you were a beautiful model, ________________________.
h) If I didn’t do any homework, _________________________.

EXPRESSIONS WITH PREPOSITIONS

1. Read these sentences from the intensive reading. Fill in the prepositions without looking at
the text.

at by in on

a) You should work in one of the best restaurants for at least a couple of years.
b) It doesn’t just happen __________ accident.
c) Famous people can’t afford to make any mistakes __________ public.
d) I’m wither nearly all the time, whether she’s __________ home or __________ holiday.
e) My job is to make sure the boss is never __________ danger.
f) I have to see problems __________ advance before they happen.
g) If there is any trouble I have to be there __________ once.
h) I have to keep her __________ sight all the time.
i) I sometimes spend 24 hours __________ work without a break.
j) I make sure she arrives everywhere __________ time.
k) There’s also a chance of someone famous falling __________ love with me.
l) __________ present I have celebrities knocking at my door.
m) Of course, __________ the end if they decide they don’t like my clothes any more, I’ll be famous
one day and unknown the next.

2. Which preposition goes before each of these words? Write them in the correct circle below.

breakfast bus business post

foot last mistake first

stock town car school

AT BY IN ON
 PRONUNCIATION

1. Decide what is missing from these sentences. Use the box to help you. Write the whole word
at the end of each line.

‘s ‘ve ‘ll ‘d ‘re

a. If I had a car, I ‘d lend it to you. Would

b. Wait for me – I _____ almost finished watching this programme.
c. They _____ be late if they don’t hurry.
d. They _____ already arrived went I got there.
e. If she lived near her friends, she _____ be happier.
f. You _____ not listening to me, are you?
g. This is the first time he _____ played the trumpet in public.
h. We _____ ring you if we go swimming next weekend.
i. She _____ coming home late tonight.

2. Listen and check your answers.

3. Listen and repeat.

4. Look at these sentences and listen to the recording. If what you hear is exactly the same as
what you see, mark ☑. If it is different, circle the letters which are different and write what you
heard.

a. They’ve already left. They’d

b. He’d help you.

c. The pop star’s leaving.

d. It’d be too dark to see anything.

e. I’ve seen the programme before.

f. She’d got plenty of money.

 SPEAKING

1. Do you recognize any of the people in the photographs? Why are they famous?

2. Match the adults to the photographs of them when they were children. Use the words in the box
to help you.

I think that ……… I agree that…… X used to………

I don’t agree that…… It might be ……… X still has………
It could be ……… I think it is ……… X has the same………

3. Compare your answers with other students and talk about how you made your choice.

4. Choose one of the children and imagine what she / he was thinking.

grow up be….
When I become famous I will work ….
if earns lots of money won’t live ….
have …..

For example: When I grow up, I’ll be a famous…...

 READING
1. Answer these questions about yourself and share the information with the class. After
compare the answers with your classmates.

1. If a shop assistant was rude to you but 4. If you saw your favourite star when you
then forgot to charge you for something, were out shopping, would you:
would you:
a) scream and point at him / her?
a) go back and tell her? b) just walk past?
b) Run away as fast as possible? c) ask him / her for an autograph?
c) Go home, then feel bad and phone the
shop? 5. If you found out that your best had two
boyfriends / girlfriends at the same time,
2. If you saw an old lady stealing food from would you:
a supermarket, would you:
a) ask your friend how he / she would feel
a) take no notice? in the same situation?
b) offer to help the old lady to carry the b) tell one of the boyfriends / girlfriends?
food to the checkout? c) Say nothing – it’s not your problem?
c) call an assistant?
6. If your friend invited you to go on holiday
3. If you went shopping with your friend and with her family but you didn’t like her mum,
he or she decided to buy some clothes would you:
which looked terrible, would you:
a) explain how you feel about her mum
a) tell him / her the truth? and refuse the invitation?
b) suggest something else which suited b) say nothing and go on the holiday?
him / her better? c) invent and excuse not to go?
c) let him / her buy them because he / she
liked them?

Scores:

1. a) 3 b) 1 c) 2 4. a) 1 b) 3 c) 2
2. b) 3 b) 2 c) 1 5. a) 2 b) 3 c) 1
3. c) 1 b) 2 c) 3 6. a) 1 b) 2 c) 3

Score 15 – 18  You are very kind about other people’s feelings. Remember to think about yourself
too, and don’t let other people walk all over you!
Score 10 – 14  Congratulations! You think about other people’s feelings and try to do the best thing.
You are a good friend.
Score 6 – 9  You need to be careful, or you won’t have many friends. You are very honest, but you
need to consider other people’s feelings too. Remember to think before you speak.

LISTENING

1. You will hear a radio interview with a young actor called Paul. For each question put a ☑ in
the correct answer.

1. Paul first appeared on TV in a A. soap opera.

B. children’s drama.
C quiz show.
.

2. What does Paul say about playing Frank? A. He didn’t like Frank’s personality.
B. He wanted to have a bigger part.
C He did it for too long.
.

3. What problem did Paul have when he was in A. He couldn’t trust anyone.
the soap opera? B. He got very tired.
C He didn’t like people recognizing him.
.

4. What did Paul realise when he was in a A. He preferred acting in theatres to TV

theatre play? programs.
B. He enjoyed performing to an audience.
C He didn’t know how to act on stage.
.

5. In the future, what does Paul want to act in? A. TV programmes

B. theatre plays
C films
.

6. How do Paul’s parents feel about his choice A. worried

of career? B. disappointed
C surprised
.

INFORMATION TRANSFER: WRITING

1. Watch the video What would you do? and take notes.
2. Write a summary about the situation. After reading your summary, say what you
think about this situation.

SPEAKING

1. Look at what some people said they would take to a desert island.

2. Think of two things you would take to a desert island and why. Think of two things you would miss.
Write the sentences on a piece of paper without your name on it and give it to your teacher.

3. Work in group. Your teacher will give you some pieces of paper. Decide who wrote them.

4. Think about one of your favourite stars and imagine how they would answer.

TEN-MINUTE WRITING

WRITING: Write about the following topic: If you had a lot of money to go anywhere in
the world for a holiday, where would you go?
 READING AND LISTENING

1. What would you do in each of these situations? Circle a, b or c. If you think you would do something
else, write your suggestion next to d.

“What would you do?”

1. If an artist friend gave me a large original painting that

was ugly I would…….
a. say something nice and put it in a closet later
b. say that I didn’t like it
c. say thank you and can’t get on the wall
d. …………………………………………………

2. If I saw a bear in a spanking a child for no reason I

would…….
a. do nothing
b. yell at the parent
c. call the police
d. …………………………………………………

3. If I saw a student cheating on an exam, I would…...

a. do nothing
b. tell the teacher
c. talk to the student about it after the exam
d. …………………………………………………

4. If I saw my friend’s boyfriend or girlfriend with someone

other than my friend, I would…...
a. do nothing
b. talk to my friend
c. talk to my friend’s boyfriend or girlfriend
d. …………………………………………………

5. If I saw someone standing on the highway next to a car

with a flat tire, I would……
a. do nothing
b. stop and help
c. find the nearest telephone and call the police
d. …………………………………………………

2. Group Work. Compare your choices for each situation in part 1.

A: What would you do if an artist friend gave you and ugly painting?
B: Well, I would probably say that I didn’t like it.
C: Really? I would…...
3. Class activity. Take a class survey. Find out which choice was most popular for each situation.
Talk about any other suggestions people added for d.
 LISTENING

Before listening, look for the meaning of the following words:

predicament overseas loan till

realize none tough walk away break up

A. Listen to three people talk about predicaments. Number them from 1 to 3 in the order they are
discussed.

Predicament

Two people were fighting in the street

A friend lost all her money
A friend has a serious shopping problem.

B. What suggestions do the people give for each predicament? Take notes.

Suggestions

1.________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

2.________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

3.________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

DICTOGLOSS

1. Listen to the teacher reading about Mark (The teacher makes a short introduction about the text)
2. Move into groups of four.
3. Listen for meaning: Listen to the whole text.
4. Listen and take notes: Take notes listening key words.
5. Work in groups to reconstruct an approximation of the text from notes (one student acts as the
writer).
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
55
 ________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

6. Compare the reconstructed text and the original. Notice the type of errors that got in the way of
understanding the text.

7. Classify your errors using the following list.

What problems did you have?

a. I couldn’t hear which sound it was.
b. I couldn’t separate the sounds into words.
c. I heard the words, but I couldn’t remember their meaning quickly enough.
d. There were some new words for me.
e. I heard and understood the words but not the meaning of that part of the sentence.
f. Other problems.

3/2/1 SPEAKING ACTIVITY

SPEAKING: Talk about the following hypothetical situation: If you won the lottery what would you do?
Talk about:
 ……. What you would do with the money.
 ……. What you would buy for you / family / friends.
 ……. How your life would change.

WRITING WITH FEEDBACK

1. Read these titles of stories.

1. The unwanted present

2. A wonderful surprise
3. The lost key
4. The wrong house
5. A dangerous plan
6. A difficult journey

2. Below are the beginnings and endings of the stories. Match each one to its title.

a. b.
Last Friday the weather was good, so I walked to Last summer, we moved to a big city. A few days later, I
school. went to the city centre on my own.
While I was going across the park, I saw something …………………………………….
metal on the ground. I phoned home. I said, 'I know we live in Oxford Road,
……………………………………. but what number is it?'
The businessman gave me €100. I was really When I arrived, all my family were laughing about me.
56
 amazed. He said, 'I was looking for it all round I've been careful not to forget our address since then.
town. Thank you for finding it.'

c. d.
When we looked out of the tent, it was lt was John's birthday, but he was sitting alone in his room. He usually met
snowing hard. We packed our rucksacks and
his friends on Saturday evenings, but this week they were all busy. He was
put on our coats.
miserable.
…………………………………….
…………………………………….
At last, we saw the lights of the city. An
hour later we were sitting in a café with a 'It's been a great evening,' he said.
hot drink in front of us.

e. f.
I work in a café on Saturdays. One man who often I like my cat. Her name is Sheba, and she is black,
comes in is a journalist. A fortnight ago when I beautiful, and very intelligent. At night she explores the
brought him his coffee, he said, `I'm going to meet garden.
someone.' …………………………………….
`Who?' I asked. I wrapped it in newspaper and put it in the dustbin
……………………………………. before Sheba woke up. I don't think she knows.
'I hope you'll return safely,' I said.
'I hope so, too!' he answered.

3. Work in a group. Write the middle of one of the stories on a piece of paper.
4. When you have finished, pass your piece of paper to another group. They decide which story it
belongs to.
5. Choose one of the titles and write your own story. Write about 100 words.

INTEGRATED-SKILL ACTIVITY

1. LISTENING. After watching the video “What would you do?”, answer these questions:

a) Would you defend the Muslim family? Why?

_________________________________________________________________________________
b) Would you stay in that place after that situation? Why?
_________________________________________________________________________________
c) If you had the chance to talk to the owner of the place, what would you say?
_________________________________________________________________________________
d) Would you support the idea of suing the restaurant? What would you do?
_________________________________________________________________________________

2. WRITING. Work in groups and share your answers. Write a final decision about how to act.

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
57
3. SPEAKING. Share the final decision with the whole class and select the best way to act.

58
 UNIT 5: FACTS AND FIGURES

INTENSIVE READING

Read the article about a problem on Mount Everest. Notice the words in bold.
Mount Everest: The Highest Garbage Dump in the World?

Most people know that Mount Everest is the highest

mountain in the world. However, there is another fact
that many people don’t know: it has become one of the
dirtiest mountains in the world.
Mount Everest is one of the toughest and most
exciting mountains to climb on Earth. It is not the
coldest or the windiest place on Earth, but it comes
close! These challenges make it one of the most
attractive mountains for serious climbers. Since 1952,
over 3500 climbers have reached the top. Unfortunately,
most of them have left equipment and trash on the
mountain.
In fact, trash is now one of the biggest threats to the environment on Mount Everest. Local
organizations have brought tons of trash down from the mountain. One of the most interesting
projects handed over more than a ton of tin cans, glass bottles, and old climbing tools to artists in
Nepal. The artists used the trash to create works of art. Then, they sold the art to raise money for
local charities.1 The least expensive work of art cost $17, and the most expensive one cost
$2400.
1
charity: an organization that raises money to help people

CHECK. Circle the correct word to complete each statement.

1. According to the reading, Mount Everest is very clean / dirty.

2. Climbing Mount Everest is very difficult / easy.
3. Mount Everest is an unusual / a popular mountain for serious climbers.
4. Climbers rarely / often leave trash on Mount Everest.
5. People create art / charities from the trash on Mount Everest.

2. Complete the exercises to learn about the superlative’s grammar.

Look at the bold phrases in the reading from exercise 1. Then write three more examples in each
column of the chart.

Adjectives with -est Adjectives with most

tall Exciting

59
 SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES

Superlative Adjective
The red car the nicest
is the most expensive

Use a superlative adjective to compare three or Ali is the tallest student in our class.
more people, places, or things. Prague is the most beautiful city I’ve ever seen.
What’s the most interesting book you’ve ever
read?
Add -est to the end of most one syllable I bought the longest couch in the store.
adjectives to form the superlative.
* Use The before superlative adjectives.

Use the most before most adjectives that Maria is the most careful climber of the group.
have two or more syllables and adverbs The Grand Canyon is the most amazing sight
ending in -ly I’ve ever seen.

For some two-syllable adjectives, either -est stupid  the stupidest / the most stupid
or the most can be used to form the cruel  the cruellest/ the most cruel
superlative.

Some superlatives are irregular good/well  the best

bad/badly  the worst

POSITIVE SUPERLATIVE QUICK REVIEW – SUPERLATIVE RULES

Beautiful The most beautiful
Big The biggest Most one-syllable adjectives (ex. small) big
Bright The brightest add ________________.
Clean The cleanest One-syllable adjectives ending in e (ex. wise)
add _____________.

Clever The cleverest

Confused The most confused Most adjectives ending in a _____________
Difficult The most difficult and a consonant (ex. fat) double the
consonant and add ______________.
Dirty The dirtiest
Famous The most famous Most adjectives with more than one
Far The farthest /furthest ____________ (ex. beautiful) use the
____________.
Fast The fastest
Fat The fattest Adjectives ending in y (ex. dirty) usually
change y to _______ and add _________.
Old The oldest
Quiet The quietest
Slow The slowest
Strong The strongest
Wise The wisest
60
 SUPERLATIVES GRAMMAR EXERCISES

1. Check your understanding: gap fill – numbers. Complete the sentences with numbers from
the box.

-89 1 13.3 22 57.8 979 4,900 6,650 8,850

The coldest recorded temperature on Earth is _______________ °C, and the hottest is
_______________ °C. 2. The wettest place in the world gets _______________ mm of rain a year,
and the driest place gets only _______________ mm. 3. The highest place on Earth is
_______________ meters high. The highest inhabited place is _______________ meters high. 4.
The longest river in the world is _______________ km long.
5. The average temperature of the warmest sea in the world is _______________ °C.
6. The highest waterfall in the world is _______________ meters high.

2. Check your grammar: gap fill – superlative adjectives

Complete the sentences with the superlative form of the adjective in brackets.

The Nile is the _______________ river in the world. (long)

2. Mauna Loa is the _______________ volcano in the world. (large)
3. Commonwealth Bay is the _______________ place in the world. (windy)
4. The Atacama Desert is the _______________ place in the world. (dry)
5. The _______________ recorded temperature is 57.8 °C. (hot)
6. The _______________ place on Earth has 13.3 m of rain every year. (wet)
Complete with the superlative adjectives.
ADJECTIVE INFORMATION
High______ mountain Mount Everest in the Himalayas (Nepal / Tibet)

Big_______ mountains The Himalayas: 2500 km long and 150-280 km wide

Long ______ river Nile: 6671 km long

Large______ river by area Amazon: about 7 million km2

Salty______ lake Don Juan Lake (East Antarctica): 44.2% (in comparison: Dead Sea: 27%)

Deep______ lake Lake Baikal (Russia): -1638 m

Hot_______ places Al Azizia in Libya: 58° and Death Valley (USA): 56.7°

Cold______ places -93.2 degrees, Dome Argus, Antarctica.

Wet_______ location Mount Waialeale on Kauai / Hawaii: 1254 cm rain / year

Dry_______ area Atacama (Chile): virtually no rain

61
 READING

1. Read the fact files

CANADA NEW ZEALAND CHINA

 Has a Has a population of 4 million  Has a population
population of people of 1.379 billion
8.5 million Size: 268,021 km2 people
people There are 63 airports  Size: 9.597 million
 Size: 9.985 Official languages: English, km2
million km2 Maori and New Zealand sign  There are more
 There are 13 language than 200 airports
airports It was founded in 1840  Official language: Mandarin
 Official languages: French and There are 8 universities  It was founded in 1500 BCE
English 3.5 million people visit a year  There are 2596 universities
 It was founded in 1867 Temperature: -  Over 98.8 million people visit a
 There are 96 universities 25.9 degrees year
 19.98 million people visit a year Celsius – 42  Temperature: -47.8 degrees
 Temperature: - 63 degrees Celsius degrees Celsius – 40.8 degrees Celsius
– 40 degrees Celsius Celsius

2. For the following statements select True or False.

True False

1. China has the highest population.

2. Canada has the lowest number of airports.
3. New Zealand has the fewest official languages.
4. New Zealand is the biggest country.
5. China is the oldest country.
6. New Zealand has the highest number of universities.
7. Canada has the coldest recorded temperature.

3. Make the false statements from the above activity true.

62
 LISTENING – RADIO QUIZ

1. Look at these questions from a radio quiz. Do you know any of the answers? Tick ( )
what you think that is the correct answer.

1. Which is the smallest ocean in the 6. Which island is the biggest?

world?
a. the Atlantic Ocean a. Great Britain
b. the Indian Ocean b. Greenland
c. the Arctic Ocean c. Cuba

2. Which is the longest border in the world? 7. Which continent has the most people?
a. between the USA and Canada a. Asia
b. between the USA and Mexico b. Australasia
c. between Argentina and Chile c. Africa
3. Where is the wettest place in the world? 8. Which city is the most expensive to live
in?
a. in India a. Geneva in Switzerland
b. in Colombia b. Paris in France
c. in Nigeria c. Tokyo in Japan
4. Which planet is the largest? 9. Where is the deepest valley in the
world?
a. Earth a. in the USA
b. Venus b. in China
c. Jupiter c. in Kenya
5. In which country is the busiest airport in 10. Which country is the farthest from the
the world? equator?
a. in the USA a. Portugal
b. in Japan b. Australia
c. in Greece c. Peru

2. Listen to the quiz. Mark the answers that Rory gives in a different colour. Does he choose the same
answers as you?

3. Work in a group. 3 of Rory’s answers are wrong. Which are they?

4. Now listen to the answers and check which ones Rory got right. Did you find his three wrong
answers in exercise 3?

5. Can you remember what Rory says when he wants to think about his answer? Listen again if you
need to.

Oh, just a .
Er, I’m sorry, could you that, please?
Er, I’m not .
Let me again.
Let me .
I’m sorry, I don’t .

63
 DICTOGLOSS

1. Listen to the teacher talk about Lionel Messi (The teacher makes a short introduction about the
text)
2. Move into groups of four.
3. Listen for meaning: Listen to the whole text.
4. Listen and take notes. Take notes listening key words.
5. Work in groups to reconstruct an approximation of the text from notes.

6. Compare the reconstructed text and the original. Notice the type of errors that got in the way of
understanding the text.

7. Classify your errors using the following list.

What problems did you have?

a. I couldn’t hear which sound it was.

b. I couldn’t separate the sounds into words.
c. I heard the words, but I couldn’t remember their meaning quickly
enough.
d. There were some new words for me.
e. I heard and understood the words but not the meaning of that part of the sentence.
f. Other problems.

SPEAKING

Students complete sentences giving their opinions on different forms of media. The students
then discuss their opinions in groups.

1. The students begin by completing sentences about geography, TV and films and music.
2. The students do this by changing adjectives in brackets to their superlative forms and
completing sentences with their opinions, e.g. 'The most famous band is Maroon 5'.
3. Students then take it in turns to tell the group their opinions, e.g. 'I think the most famous band
is Maroon 5'.

64
 4. The other students listen and agree or disagree based on what they have written. Afterwards,
there is a class feedback session to review the superlative adjective forms and find out about
the most popular opinions from the class.

Geography
1. The ________________ (long) river in the world is ____________

2. The ________________ (large) country in the world is ____________

3. The ________________ (small) country in the world is ____________

4. The ________________ (high) mountain in the world is ____________

5. The ________________ (deep) ocean in the world is ____________

6. The ________________ (beautiful) city in Colombia is ____________

7. The ________________ (cold) place on earth is ____________

TV and films
1. The ________________ (good) actor/actress is ____________

2. The ________________ (bad) movie ever is ____________

3. The ________________ (pretty) actress in the world is ____________

4. The ________________ (handsome) actor in the world is ____________

5. The ________________ (bloody) movie you’ve seen is ____________

6. The ________________ (good) movie is ____________

7. The ________________ (bad) movie is ____________

Music
1. The ________________ (good) singer is ____________

2. The ________________ (bad) song is ____________

3. The ________________ (amazing) voice is ____________

4. The ________________ (handsome) singer is ____________

5. The ________________ (beautiful) female singer is ____________

6. The ________________ (good) rock band is ____________

7. The ________________ (bad) kind of music is ____________

65
 WRITING WITH FEEDBACK

1. Can you match the halves of these sentences? Underline the words which help you.

a. I really like that band 1. I don’t own many CDs.

b. I was listening to music 2. but I don’t play an instrument.
c. While I was watching the band 3. when I fell asleep.
d. Although I like music 4. because I don’t like it.
e. The music was so loud 5. but now I prefer rock music.
f. I used to like folk music 6. that we couldn’t talk.
g. I enjoy listening to music 7. my phone was stolen.
h. You can have this CD 8. so get me a ticket too.

2. Read the beginning of a letter which Alicia wrote to her English friend, Mary. Can you join
any of the sentences? Use some of the words you underlined in Exercise 1.

Dear Mary,
I went to Canada to a great concert last week. My friend bought the tickets. She
couldn’t go. She was ill. My brother came instead. The Canadian band was good. I
didn’t want the music to stop. My brother doesn’t like the music played by this
band, but he enjoyed the concert. The concert finished at 11 o’clock. We went
backstage to meet the band.

3. Read the next part of Alicia’s letter.

It took a long time to get out of the hall because there was such big crowd. We saw
a famous actor and his girlfriend. She was wearing unusual clothes. She looked
good, but my brother said she is one of the worst actresses we have now. Anyway,
we had a good evening. See you soon.
Love, Alicia

4. Imagine you went to a country to see a band. Write a letter to an English friend and tell
him/her who you went with. Who was playing and what you thought of the concert. Write
about 100 words.

66
 INTENSIVE READING

1. Read the following story about The Tower Ravens. Pay close attention to the underlined
phrases.

THE TOWER RAVENS

It is not known when the ravens first came to the

Tower of London, but their presence there is
surrounded by myth and legend. There are
seven ravens at the Tower today, their lodgings
are to be found next to the Wakefield Tower.

Six ravens are permanent residents of the Tower of

London. Good care of these ravens is taken because they are very important. According
to legend, if the ravens leave the Tower, the kingdom of England will fall.

Some facts:

 The ravens are locked in the Tower every night to protect them from cats and foxes.
 The birds are kept on a special diet. Each bird is given 170 grams of meat a day.
Visitors are not allowed to feed the birds.
 The health of the birds is important. They are examined every week. Every three
weeks, their wings are cut to prevent them from escaping.
 Disobedient ravens are not tolerated. Raven George had to leave the tower because
he liked eating television antennas. Ravens can live to a very ripe age.

2. Write sentences about the tower bridge with the words below. Use the present simple
passive.

a. Tower Bridge / situate / on the River Thames____________________________________________

b. The bridge / paint / red, white, and blue ________________________________________________

c. Many famous London landmarks / see / from the bridge ___________________________________

d. The bridge’s towers / use / as a museum ______________________________________________

e. Tower Bridge / visit / by more than 380,000 tourists / every year _____________________________

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 PRESENT SIMPLE PASSIVE

English has two voices: active and passive.

The passive voice is often used:

1. When we talk about art, science, or literature.
2. To explain directions and instructions.
3. In news reports and academic writing.

Active voice Passive voice

The passive voice is used when we focus on
the object of the sentence, in the example B
becomes the subject. Sometimes, when the
agent is unknown, or unimportant to the
The active voice is used when the subject of meaning of the sentence, we do not use by.
the sentence does the action. In the example,
A is the subject and B is the object. We form the passive with be + past
participle (3rd form of the verb).
1. My mom sings that song.
A B In the present simple, the passive is: am / is /
are + past participle (3rd form of the verb).

1. That song is sung by my mom

B A

Form Affirmative Negative Question

Active Ben walks the dog. Ben doesn`t walk the dog. Does Ben walk the dog?

They make cookies here. They don`t make cookies here. Do they make cookies here?

Passive The dog is walked by Ben. The dog isn`t walked by Ben. Is the dog walked by Ben?

Cookies are made here. Cookies aren`t made here. Are cookies made here?

PRESENT SIMPLE PASSIVE EXERCISES

A. Rewrite the sentences in passive voice.

1. He opens the door. ______________________________.
2. We set the table. ______________________________.
3. She pays a lot of money. ______________________________.
4. I draw a picture. ______________________________.
5. They wear blue shoes. ______________________________.
6. They don`t help you. ______________________________.
7. He doesn`t open the book. ______________________________.
8. You do not write the letter. ______________________________.
9. Does your mum pick you up? ______________________________.
10. Does the police officer catch the thief? ______________________________.

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B. Correct the following sentences:

Incorrect sentences Correct sentences

1. The cows is milked every morning (by Jackie).
2. The new teacher is never understanded by Benny
3. Chocolate are loved by everybody
4. Candies is always eaten for kids
5. Is the brakes checked regularly by the mechanic?
6. Kangaroos aren’t finded in America
7. El Prado is visiting for many people
8. Dogs isn’t allowed in restaurants in many countries
9. The bicycle are selled for my uncle

C. Make passive sentences in the present simple

1. (the car / wash / once a week) ___________________________________.
2. (this restaurant / close / after 8:00) ___________________________________.
3. (beautiful flowers / produce / in Colombia) _________________________________.
4. (more forest / destroy / day by day) ___________________________________.
5. (many animals / hunt / in jungles) ___________________________________.
6. (new cars / make / in China) ___________________________________.

69
 LISTENING

Countries, Nationalities Languages

1. Listen to six different students say: “I’m a student and I like all kind of sports” in their own
language. Do you know which languages they are speaking? Choose from the box below.

German Greek Italian Japanese

Polish Portuguese Russian French

2. Check your answer and complete the table.

Language Nationality Country

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

3. Now complete this table for other countries.

Language Nationality Country

Spain
Mexican
French
Brazilian
Australia

3. How many languages do you speak?

How many languages do you think there are in the whole world?

A 69

B 691

C 6,912

D 69, 120

70
 WRITING AND SPEAKING

Work in pairs.
Student A: Write two questions in the passive using these words.

cars on the left / Italy / Australia? (drive)

baseball / The United States / Russia? (play)

Student B: Write two questions in the passive using these words.

kilometres / Canada / Mexico? (use)

rice / China / Switzerland? (produce)

Then Student A asks the questions. Student B answers the questions. Switch roles.

TEN-MINUTE WRITING

WRITING: What is the most beautiful place you have ever been? Describe it.

PRONUNCIATION - / ʃ / / ʈʃ/

https://www.accentreductionnow.com/pronounce-sh-ch-sounds/

The Differences Between the “Sh” / ʃ / and “Ch” / ʈʃ/ Sounds

Here are the differences are between the “Sh” and “Ch” sounds . There are a couple of
things:

1. When you say the “Sh” sound, your lips are rounded and your
tongue is not going to touch anywhere in particular in your mouth.
Your tongue is kind of just floating and should not touch up
against your teeth. Not that you would want to hold the sound
very long, but you can hold it as long as you have air. It is a soft
sound as if you were trying to tell someone to be quiet.

2. The difference when you make the “Ch” sound is it is a quick

sound. You cannot hold it out. It’s a sharp percussive sound. Another
big difference is the tip of your tongue is placed right behind your top
teeth in that little bumpy ridge spot in your palette on the roof of your
71
mouth. So you start there as if you were making a “t” sound, but keep your lips rounded like in
the “Sh”. Unlike the “Sh” sound, just shoot the air out quickly so it’s over and done.

Sometimes if you are mispronouncing the “Sh” and “Ch” sounds or

are getting them mixed around, you might be trying to say the word
“ship” and it sounds like “chip” or you might try to say the word “shoe”
and you’re saying “chew” or “share” and “chair”. Same thing if it is at
the end of a word like in the word “wash” that’s the “Sh” or “watch”.

Exceptions Where the “Ch” is Pronounced as an “Sh”

There is some exception where the “Ch” is pronounced as an “Sh”. For

example, in the word “Chicago”, the city in Illinois, we don’t say “Ch”-
icago we say “Sh”-icago. For the state Michigan, we pronounce it
Mi-“Sh”-igan not Mi-“Ch”-igan. There are also a number of words that are
actually French words we use them in English and they start with the
“Ch”, but we are going to pronounce them with an “Sh” like “chauffeur”,
“chef” and “champagne”.

PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES

A. What sounds are at the beginning of these words:

Cheese Shampoo

B. Look at the underlined letters in the above words. How do you say them?
Which sound do you hear? Some words are in the wrong column. Which are
they?

Group 1 Group 2
cheese shampoo
Chinese shy
teacher special
much information
cheap ocean
brush lunch
question picture
temperature machine

72
 C. Listen and repeat the words. Were you right?

READING

Read the text of Alan Chambers and Charlie Paton on their expedition to the North Pole. Choose the
best Word a, b or c.

TO THE TOP OF THE WORLD

The coldest walk in the (0) __world__ is probably the one Alan
Chambers and Charlie Paton did a few years (1) _____ when they
walk to the North Pole. To prepare for the trip they (2) _____ a day
in a freezer at a temperature of -30 grades Celsius. But they were
more comfortable there than at the North Pole (3) _____ they weren´t tired or hungry! They
began their 1,126 walk (4) _____ 8 March 2000 and (5) _____ at the North Pole 70 days later. A
plane took them straight home from there.
Charlie had his 30th (6) _____ during the trip and he was amazed when Alan gave him (7) _____
small cake with a candle on it. Alan said the (8) _____ moment for him was Charlie´s face when
he (9) _____ the cake. The strange thing is that more men (10) _____ walked on the moon than
to the North Pole.

1. a. then b. ago c. after

2. a. passed b. stayed c. spent
3. a. because b. but c. therefore
4. a. in b. at c. on
5. a. arrived b. got c. reached
6. a. wedding b. birthday c. celebration
7. a. the b. a c. much
8. a. greater b. good c. best
9. a. saw b. looked c. watched
10. a. did b. have c. was

2/3/1 SPEAKING ACTIVITY

SPEAKING: What is the most beautiful place you have ever been? Describe it.

INTEGRATED SKILLS ACTIVITY

73
A. READING
Read the following text.

Canada is the northern neighbour of the United States of America. The capital of
Canada is Ottawa, but the biggest city is Toronto. In Toronto you can see -the CN
Tower, which is 553 meters high-the tallest building in Canada.

Canada has two national languages-English and French. Every

Canadian student studies both languages in school. The French-speaking
Canadians live mainly in a region called Quebec.

The native Canadians are Inuit (once called "Eskimos"). The

word Inuit means human beings. The Inuit live in the cold Arctic region in the
north. They build their houses from whale bones. The Inuit hunt for whales, seals
and fish. When they go hunting, they build igloos. Igloos are made of blocks of
hard snow.

The most famous tourist attraction is the Niagara Falls. The

waterfalls are between the U.S.A. and Canada. The Canadian part of
the falls is 49 meters high-higher and more exciting than the American
part. Millions of tourists come to see the Niagara Falls every year.

B. SPEAKING
In groups of three or four people, ask questions about the previous
reading, using the given information, and consider the score each
person gets.

Complete the sentence:

1. The most well-known attraction in Canada is …..

2. Ottawa is …..
3. Toronto is …..
4. The CN Tower is …..

Choose the correct answer: TRUE or FALSE

TRUE FALSE
1. Every student in Canada learns either English or French
2. Every student in Canada learns both English and French at school
3. Niagara Falls are on the border between U.S.A. and Canada
4. Niagara Falls are in Ottawa
5. Niagara Falls are in the Arctic region
6. The Canadian part of the Niagara Falls is as high as the American part.

What are the opposite words in meaning to:

74
1. the smallest _____________ (paragraph 1)
2. the shortest _____________ (paragraph 1)
3. hot ________________ (paragraph 3)
4. soft _______________ (paragraph 3)
5. low ______________ (paragraph 4)

C. WRITING

Write about a country. Consider: the capital city, the biggest city, the tallest building, the national
languages, the native population, the borders, etc.

75
 UNIT 6: INVENTIONS

INTENSIVE READING

1. Read about three (3) different inventions. Students say what they think the inventions are:

Charles D. Seeberger’s Ben and Jerry’s invention Hubert Cecil Booth’s invention
invention

Moving chains were used by Ben and Jerry’s famous One day Hubert Cecil Booth went
people in ancient Egypt to products are sold in a range of to see an inventor demonstrate his
transport water in and out of delicious flavours with unusual new dust-removing machine at a
the fields. But it wasn’t until names such as Rainforest London railway station. A huge air
the 1890s that moving stairs Crunch and Peanut Butter blower was placed over the open
were invented by Charles D. Cup. Two childhood friends, door of a train. The idea was to
Seeberger. His stairs could Ben Cohen, and Jerry blow dirt into a bag which was
transport people. Greenfield started the put over another door. A lot of dust
company. They have the idea was pushed up into the air but
of working together when they then came down again inside the
were at school and The train instead of inside the bag. Both
Homemade Ice Cream Parlour didn’t think it was a very good idea.
was opened by Ben and Jerry
in May 1978.

_____________ _____________ _____________

2. Each text has three more paragraphs, but they are mixed up. Work in groups and find the
paragraphs which finish the text and put them in the correct order.

a. The station hired a man who had a wooden leg to demonstrate how easy it was to use the
escalator. Some people went up and down several times before going to catch their train just
because they enjoyed the experience. After that, escalator was put in shops and other public
buildings.
b. Because of this, local restaurants and shops asked them to make ice cream and deliver it. A year
after the parlour opened, a special day was held. As a thank you to customers, they weren’t
charged for their ice cream cones on that day.
c. People complained about the number of stairs they had to climb up and down so the first
escalator was opened in London in an underground station on 4 October 1911. Notices were
displayed at the top and bottom of the escalator: “Please do not sit on the moving stairs. Step off
with the left foot first”.
d. He had a better idea. He was in a restaurant one day and he decided to demonstrate. He placed

76
 a handkerchief over the back of his seat, put hi slips to it and the dirt was sucked into the
handkerchief. A ring of black spots appeared on the handkerchief.
e. Now a worldwide business, the company produces new flavours all the time. Each flavour is
tested for at least six months before it is sold in shops. Sometimes the company holds
competitions and asks for suggestions. About 275.000 tourists visit the factory each year.
f. It was so noisy that it frightened horses in the streets. After a while, rich people had their houses
cleaned by the machine and the King and Queen invited Booth to Buckingham Palace to
demonstrate it.
g. They made the ice cream themselves and each flavour was given a crazy name. People could
listen to live music while they ate ice cream, and the parlour became very popular.
h. He was sure this was the answer, so a machine was built. The first model was named “The
Puffing Billy” and a whole team of men was needed to operate it. One man worked the machine
while another man guided a long hose inside offices or houses to clean them.
i. The first escalators were built in shops and railway stations in the USA at the end of the
nineteenth century. More and more people were using the underground trains in Britain
especially after clean electric trains replaced dirty steam trains in 1906.

1. Charles D. Seeberger: ____________________

2. Ben and Jerry: __________________________
3. Hubert Cecil Booth: _____________________

SIMPLE PAST PASSIVE

Affirmative Statements Object + was / were + Participle

● America was discovered by Christopher Collumbus.

● Surprises were given to me in my birthday.

Negative Statements Object + was / were + NOT + Participle

● The airport was not closed yesterday.

● People were not harmed in the accident.

Questions Was/Were + Object + Participle…?

Wh-questions + Was/Were + Object + Participle…?

● Was your house built in the 50’s?

● When was your house built?

77
 We prefer Passive voice in the following cases:

a) When we don’t know or don’t want to mention the agent:

Paper was invented in China. (We don’t know who invented the paper).

b) When we want to emphasize the importance of the object.

Colombia was liberated by Simón Bolivar . (We want to emphasize the
importance of Colombia being liberated.)

SIMPLE PAST PASSIVE EXERCISES

Complete the short dialogues in past passive. Use the verbs given in the box.

pick up sell find

destroy increased write
make steel

1. 2.
A: What did she say? A: Really?
B: I don’t know. All she told me was that letters B: Yes. The painting ____________ for more
____________ by her sister. than one million dollars last night.

3. 4.
A: Do you know if my book __________? A: What happened?
B: No. I’m sorry. B: His house ______________ by the fire.

5. 6.
A: And the car? A: He ______________ by his mother.
B: The car _______________ downtown. B: thanks God.

7.
A: Taxes ________________ this year. 8.
B: I can’t believe it.. A: The sweaters _________________ by his
girlfriend.
B: Excellent ꜝ

78
 SPEAKING

INVENTIONS

1. Work in a group. Your teacher will give you a list of inventions. Decide when
they were invented and where. Make guesses.

2. When you have finished, you ask the other group six questions. They have the
answers. Choose the things you are most unsure of so you can make as many
true sentences as possible.

Electric guitar Matches Microwave oven

Trolley T.V. Sneakers

WRITING WITH FEEDBACK

1. Look at the steps involved in processing the cotton to make clothing.

79
2. Now, write the steps involved in making clothes, in the past tense, passive voice.

a. __________________________________________________________
b. __________________________________________________________
c. __________________________________________________________
d. __________________________________________________________
e. __________________________________________________________
f. __________________________________________________________

3. Write a paragraph about the process of an object you know.

80
 LISTENING ACTIVITY

Listen to the audio and complete each sentence with verbs in the past tense, passive voice.
Some verbs are negative.

1. The work ________ _________ very quickly.

2. The team ________ _________ in overtime.

3. Dennis and Kathy ________ _________ in June.

4. The pants ________ _________ by a tailor.

5. The results ________ _________ until the next day.

6. Vanessa ________ _________ by what her boyfriend said.

7. Everyone ________ _________ about the project.

8. The subject ________ _________ at the meeting.

9. The books ________ never _________.

10. Bob ________ _________ by his supervisor.

SPEAKING EXERCISE

Work with a partner. Speak about five things you weren't allowed to do at home when you were
a child. Name the things below:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

TEN MINUTES WRITING

Write about things you weren't allowed to do at school when you were a teenager.

81
 PRONUNCIATION gh, ph

1. Look at these words. Think about the sound /f/. Which is the odd word out in each list.

a. bright light cough through

b. enough photograph telephone alphabet
c. paragraph fashion geography Physics

2. Listen and repeat the words. Do you want to change your odd word out?

3. What are the different ways of spelling the sound /f/? What are the different ways of pronouncing
the letters gh?

4. Write the words according to the letter(s) that make the f sound.

graph rough photo nephew

cough sphere enough trophy
elephant trough alphabet phone
dolphin phrase laugh tough

ph gh

82
 PROBLEM SOLVING ACTIVITY

A. Work in groups of four students. Read the following situation and consider the information to solve
the problem:

You are a group of scientists who have created some very important inventions.
You must decide which one is the most important one to save the world.

B. Each student must talk about the best invention he has

created. S/he must describe the invention and talk
about the uses. Each student must also explain why this
is the invention that would save the world.

C. After each student has participated, as a group rank

from 1 to 4 the most important invention.

D. Report your answer to the class.

READING AND WRITING

Read the next article about a special invention, decide which word (1 -7 below) best fits each space.

83
 WHO DOESN’T LIKE SWEETS?

In 20s Sweets (1) ____________________________ (love) by people

everywhere – and not only by children. In all houses at that year a sweet
dessert (2) ______________________________ (enjoy) by the whole family
after every meal. The most delicious dessert for me (3)
_____________________________ (invent) many years ago – by mistake!

One day in 1905, a drink (4) ___________________________ (leave) outside by an eleven-year-

old boy named Frank Epperson. The drink had a mixing stick in it. It was very cold that night and
the drink froze. When the frozen drink (5) _____________________________ (take) out of the
cup, it stayed on the stick. That’s how the first ice lolly (6)
____________________________________ (create). Of course, ice lollies (7)
__________________________________ (not sell) in shops immediately. After all, their inventor
was only a boy! But eighteen years later, Frank Epperson opened an ice lolly factory.

Today, millions of his sweet’s creations are eaten worldwide.

1. a. were loved b. was loved c. is loved

2. a. are enjoying b. was enjoyed c. is enjoyed

3. a. was invented b. was inventing c. is inventing

4. a. left b. leave c. was left

5. a. took b. was taken c. was took

6. a. was created b. were created c. was create

7. a. were sold b. weren’t sold c. were sell

WRITING WITH FEEDBACK

1. See the video and imagine that the year is 1964. John Kennedy, the President of the United States
of America has just been shot.

84
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c-jOVaAssmE

2. Write a newspaper report of between 80-100 words. You will need to use the passive voice. If you
do not know the history of Kennedy's assassination, feel free to be inventive.

WRITING ACTIVITY

Carefully read the next event, then change it into past simple passive voice.

A policeman accidentally shot a young child today. He fired his gun by mistake while he was checking
an upstairs bedroom for illegal firearms. The police had forced open the front door of the house and
were performing a room to room search when the incident occurred.

The Metropolitan Police force have made a public apology, but this has only served to incense the
local community who feel that the Met should charge the officer in question with manslaughter.

3/2/1: SPEAKING ACTIVITY

SPEAKING: Talk about things you weren't allowed to do at school when you were a teenager.

LISTENING EXERCISE

Listen to the radio interview with Madeleine Henry. In her opinion, what does the washing machine
give people?

It gives ___________________________

Listen again and answer the questions.

1. Why is today a special day for madeleine?

2. In what year was she born? 85

3. Why does Jeff think the computer was the most important invention?
 READING EXERCISE

Read the text below and choose the correct word for each space. For each question, circle the letter
next to the correct word –A, B, C, or D.

MOBILE PHONES

Mobile phones (1) _____________________ (develop) throughout the 20th

century. In 1908, an American power company claimed that they had
created a wireless phone. The company (2) _________________ (accuse)
of fraud, but later the accusation (3) _______________________ (drop).

In 1949, an American company called AT&T (4) _________________ (start)

in St. Louis, Missouri. There were about 5,000 customers and about 30,000
calls (5) _______________________ (make) per week.

At this time, the phones were still not mobile, so the equipment for making these calls (6)
__________________ (measure) at about 35 kg and had to stay in your house.

Later, several other wireless networks (7) ____________________ (begin) in Europe, but they weren’t
compatible with American networks. Service (8) _____________ (add) throughout the rest of Europe
shortly afterwards.

The idea of cellular towers (9) ______________ (introduce) next. At first, each mobile phone (10)
____________________ (limit) to service by only one cell tower. Then as a new technology (11)
__________________ (create), people were allowed to transfer their service from tower to tower.

In 1973, the first hand-held, truly mobile cellular phone was invented. Since then, the technology has
grown faster and faster until today, mobile phones are so common that nobody thinks about them
twice.

1. a. were loved b. was loved c. is loved

1. a. are accusing b. was accused c. were accusing

2. a. was drop b. were dropped c. was dropped

3. a. were started b. was started c. was left

4. a. were made b. was made c. were make

5. a. was measuring b. were measured c. was measured

6. a. was begun b. were begin c. were begun

7. a. was added b. weren’t add c. were added

8. a. was introduced b. were introduced c. was introduce

86
 9. a. was limited b. were limited c. were limit

10. a. were created b. was created c. were create

READING AND LISTENING

1. Listen and read to the conversation.

Presenter: Welcome to Tech Today! This week it’s National Science and Engineering Week, so to
celebrate we asked Jed our science correspondent to give us a round-up of new inventions.
Jed: Hi, yes, I’ve got some very interesting things to tell you about today, starting with a fun one:
wingsuits, those suits that look like bats and allow people to fly, or glide, at least. They’re the ultimate
in cool.
Presenter: But they’re not very new, are they?
Jed: Well, no, but the modern ones are better than ever and last October was the first ever world
championship in China. The price is coming down, too. Now you can buy one for 600 to 2,000 dollars.
It’s still too expensive for me, but I suppose it’ll keep coming down.
Presenter: OK, what about useful new inventions?
Jed: There are lots of those. There’s a new solar water distiller created by Gabriele Diamanti aimed
at parts of the world where it’s hard to get clean drinking water. You pour in salty water and let the
sun do the work for a few hours. Then, hey presto! You have clean water! It’s a very simple device
and fairly cheap to produce.
Presenter: Can I hear some doubt in your voice?
Jed: Well, they still need help with investment to start producing the distiller properly. So if anyone
out there has money to invest in a great product …?
Presenter: Absolutely. Get in touch with the designers.
Jed: Another useful invention which it would be good to see in production are ‘enable talk gloves’.
These were invented by some Ukrainian students to allow people with speech and hearing
impairments to communicate with people who don’t understand sign language. The gloves use
sensors to translate sign language into text, then into spoken language using a smartphone. A
brilliant invention!
Presenter: Yes, that could benefit thousands of people.
Jed: Another useful invention comes from a surprising source, James Cameron, the film director.
Presenter: The Titanic director?
Jed: The very same. Cameron was part of a team, headed by engineer Ron Allum, which designed
the Deepsea Challenger Submarine, capable of descending to the lowest parts of the sea, 10 km
down. Last year Cameron went down to the bottom of Challenger Deep, the deepest part of the sea
in the world. He was the first person to do a solo dive there, and he stayed for three hours, the
longest time so far.
Presenter: That sounds impressive!
Jed: Yes. We know so little about what’s at the bottom of the ocean, and it’s important to find out
more. OK, so now for something useful in a different way. You know that feeling when you’re trying to
get tomato ketchup out of a bottle and it won’t come out, but you’re sure there’s lots more in there?
Presenter: Yeah, of course. It’s really annoying.
Jed: Well, a team of students at MIT, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, have come up with

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 a new product that you use to coat a glass or plastic bottle, and then what’s inside, hair gel or
mustard, or whatever, comes out really easily.
Presenter: So, it saves hours of frustration trying to get stuff out of bottles?
Jed: Exactly. Right, now for my favourite invention. This is really silly, but I love it. It’s a way of
producing clouds indoors.
Presenter: Clouds?
Jed: Yes. A Dutch artist has come up with a way of forming perfect, small, white clouds inside.
They’re just beautiful. I don’t think you can do it yourself at home yet, though.
Presenter: I don’t think I’d want to.
Jed: Oh, you would if you’d seen the photos. They’re amazing.
Presenter: OK, Jed, thanks for that. We’ll leave you with your head in the clouds and see you again
next week!

2. Check your understanding. Write the word to fill the gaps. Do this exercise while you listen.
a. Wingsuits are not very _______________, but the modern ones are better than ever.
b. Last October was the first ever wingsuit world _______________ in China.
c. You can buy a wingsuit for 600 to _______________ dollars.
d. The water distiller is for places where it’s hard to get clean _______________ water.
e. To produce the water distiller properly, they still need help with _______________.
f. The ‘enable talk gloves’ were invented by some Ukrainian _______________.
g. The gloves use sensors to turn sign language into _______________ and then into spoken
_______________.
h. James Cameron was part of a team which designed a submarine capable of descending to
_______________ kilometres down.
i. James Cameron was the first person to do a solo _______________ so deep under the sea.
j. MIT students have invented a product that helps people get the contents out of
_______________.
k. A Dutch _______________ has found a way of creating clouds indoors. 12. You can’t make
clouds for yourself at _______________ yet.

INTEGRATED-SKILLS ACTIVITY

READING AND WRITING:

A. Read the information about BASKETBALL. Choose the best Word a, b or c.

BASKETBALL, BORN FROM A CHALLENGE

Basketball started in 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts. James Naismith,

a physical education teacher 1. _____ to invent a new sport. The sport 2.
_____ to be played indoors during the winter when it was cold outside.
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 The many football and rugby players who played their sports in autumn and spring had nothing
to keep them fit during the winter season. That’s when basketball 3. _____ by Naismith.

The first game 4. ____ in December 1891. A soccer ball 5. ____ was used for the basketball
because it was just the right size they were looking for. Empty peach baskets 6. _____ and he
hung them three meters above the floor in the gymnasium.

After the first game, 13 rules 7. _____ by Naismith and he published them in the school
newspaper. The sport immediately became very popular.

1 a. were asked b. was asked c. is asked

2 a. was supposed b. is supposed c. were supposed

3 a. was invented b. were invented c. is invented

4 a. were played b. is played c. was played

5 a. is used b. was used c. ware used

6 a. was used b. are used c. were used

7 a. was written b. were written c. are written

B. Read the text again and answer the following questions

# Questions Answers

1 When was the first game played?

2 Where was basketball started?

3 What was used to play basketball?

4 By who were the 13 rules written?

5 Where was basketball supposed to be

played?

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WRITING: Write a paragraph about a sport or a game that was invented by your or your friends when
you played in your childhood. Try to use the past passive voice.

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 LANGUAGE EDUCATION PROGRAM
MARKING SYSTEM FOR GRAMMATICAL ERRORS

Pay attention to the few features that must be correct in any piece of writing that is to be marked. If
more than one minimum requirement error is found, the writing is returned for checking before it is
marked.

No Minimum requirements Incorrect Correct

1. Subject-verb agreement She hate onions She hates onions

2. Pronoun-noun agreement Please call Maria to tell she about Please call Maria to tell
her mother her about her mother
3. Every sentence must I from Perú I am from Perú
contain a subject and a
verb
4. No spelling errors I need to go witht you I need to go with you

Sign Meaning Example

Prep Wrong preposition prep
I have classes in the night.
Pron Wrong pronoun pron
My father is a teacher. She works at a school
WW Wrong word ww
I have to make my homework.
Word order She is wearing a dress blue.
VT Verb tense vt
Forty years ago, most women stay at home.
SVA Subject verb agreement sva
Many people is_ studying English.
# Number (singular or plural) #
They have a books.
Sp Spelling sp
Yenny lives whit her sister.
˄ Word missing I love chocolate because ˄ is delicious.
------ This is not necessary They are have many problems.
Punc Punctuation punc
He worked all night so he was tired.
Cap Capital letter cap
canada is the second largest country in the
world.
/ New sentence
// New paragraph
______? Unclear She was proper from the law.?

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 SPEED READING CHART

Write your score for each reading passage at the bottom of the chart. Then put an X in one of the
boxes above the reading passage number to mark your time for each passage. Look on the right side
of the chart to find your reading speed for each reading passage. wpm: Words per Minute.

Time wpm
1.50 300
2.00 275
2.10 254
2.20 236
2.30 220
2.40 206
2.50 194
3.00 183
3.10 174
3.20 165
3.30 157
3.40 150
3.50 144
4.00 138
4.10 132
4.20 127
4.30 122
4.40 118
4.50 114
5.00 110
5.10 106
5.20 103
5.30 100
5.40 97
5.50 94
6.00 92
Reading 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 16 17 18 1 20
5 9
Score

10 MINUTE WRITING CHART

Each time you do 10 minute writing, put the number of words you wrote on this graph. When your
written work has been marked and returned to you, put the number of errors per 100 words on the
graph for that piece of writing.

Number of words

Error rate per 100 words

Pieces of Writing 1 2 3 4 5

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