TOPIC:

Development of Density based traffic control system using PLC

Department of Electrical Engineering

Co-Supervisor
Engr. Fasih Ahmed

Presented by
M.Sohail Tanoli (1104E-S20-036)
M.Kamran (1104E-S20-022)
Mehmood Hassan Khan (1104E-S20-000)
 Contents
⚫ Introduction
⚫ Literature Review
⚫ Objectives
⚫ Methodology
⚫ Summary of proposed outcomes of the project
⚫ Timeline
⚫ References
Introduction
Traffic congestion is a major problem in many populated cities around the world, Karachi is also one of these and it has
become problematic for travelers in this city. Traffic can be managed in many main junctions by automatic traffic lights
or Traffic police. But Traditional traffic control system is work on constant time concept allotted to each side of the
junction which cannot be varied as per varying traffic density. At some times, priority of traffic light needs to be changed
based on more number of vehicles waiting in same road, Ambulance vehicles and VIPs vehicles etc. We propose to
design and develop a density based traffic signal system. The signal changes automatically on sensing the traffic density
at the junction. The prototype model was developed using IR sensors and PLC (Programmable logic Controller). We use
PLC to program as per our requirements due to its simplicity and economy and IR sensors are used to measure the traffic
density in a particular road. IR sensors are arranged on each road in accurate manner to detect traffic density properly,
these IR sensors always sense the traffic on that particular road. All these IR sensors are interfaced to the PLC. Through
these sensors, PLC detects the traffic and controls the traffic lights. The controls of traffic light depend on number of
vehicles available in the road. Here we have used PLC to control all the command from IR sensors and execute them
sequentially. Basically it act as the mind of the entire system.
 Literature Review
As the control of traffic congestion and time delay is becoming an issue of focus in developing and underdeveloped countries.
Several works are going on in order to resolve these issues. From our literature review it came to our knowledge that there are
only two (2) universal jurisdictions in traffic system namely.
Left-deriving jurisdiction and Right–deriving jurisdiction.

As far as this project is concern, the proceeding analysis will be based on the left-driving jurisdiction.

It also came to our knowledge that the main traffic signal controlling system in the world are namely.

 Static signal control

 Coordinated signal control

 Continuous flow intersection (CFI)

 Actuated signal control

Traffic congestions that occur in populated areas cannot be properly controlled by using existing fixed signal timing
system. When the traffic density increases more than a limit on a particular road, it needs longer green light
duration to reduce the traffic flow. The main problem of the current traffic light system is that the transition
timing of traffic lights are fixed in software and unnecessary waiting time is being wasted when no vehicles are present on
other route on same junction
Objectives
 To reduce the congestion and heavy traffic on the lane by using Programmable logic Controller based traffic
control system.

 To reduce unwanted time delay of signals

 Save precious time of commuters

 It keeps a track of the vehicles in each road and accordingly adjusts the time for each traffic light signals

 The higher the number of vehicles on the road the longer will be the time delay allotted for that corresponding
traffic light signal.

 The main purpose of this project is, if there will be no traffic on the other signal, one shouldn’t wait for that
signal. The system will skip that signal and will move on the next one
Methodology
⚫ The main aim of this project is to attain the above mentioned objectives which can be done through the
implementation of actuated signal control. Actuated signal control is proposed due to the analysis done between
the various types of traffic signal control. The procedure for the implementation of the proposed project is as
follows.

Hardware materials

 PLC module

 Relay Module

 Infra Red sensor

 Traffic lights (Red, Green, Yellow)

 Power supply
Block Diagram

AC Supply PLC LEDs

5v Power IR Relay
supply sensors Module
The model works eight sensors placed at four sides of a four way road which checks the density of the area covered by
the sensors.

Here we are using IR sensors to design an intelligent traffic control system. In order to measure the density of traffic on
each side, IR sensors will be kept on either sides of the road at a specific distance. Each of the IR sensors consists of an IR
transmitter and an IR receiver. Just as the name suggests, the IR transmitter transmits the IR rays and the receiver is
responsible to receive the rays.

The whole system is controlled by the controller which is the PLC

As the vehicle stops in front of these IR sensors, the IR sensor will detect the vehicle & will send the information to the
PLC. The total no of IR sensors required are 8 and Led’s 12 .

The working of the project is divided into three steps:

If there is traffic at all the signals, then the system will work normally by controlling the signals one by one.

If there is no traffic near a signal, then the system will skip this signal and will move on to the next one.

For example, if there is no vehicle at signal 2, 3 and currently the system is allowing vehicles at signal 1 to pass. Then
after signal 1, the system will skip the signal 2, 3 and move on to signal 4. If there is no traffic at all the 4 signals, then
the system will wait to detect any vehicle near any signal.

If there is a heavy traffic on any lane, then the system will increase the time of green signal .
 Summary of proposed outcomes of
the project
The project is an output of 1 year of research and implementation. The circuits when implemented separately works as per
the desired output however during integrating all, output fluctuates and shows different response every time. This could
be a problem of loose connections of the wires or internal wiring.

. For this project the main communication is by using IR technology. From the series of experiments we have conducted
the following results were obtained:

⚫ Traffic can be cleared without any irregularities

⚫ Time can be shared evenly for all intersections

⚫ Effective time management

Mar Ma Jul Oct Dec Feb

Research Getting Design the Structure Programming Rechecking

Dr. Tom V. Mathew, I. B. (2014, February 19). (Transportation Systems Engineering ) Retrieved march 2016,
from http://nptel.ac.in: http://nptel.ac.in/courses/105101008/downloads/cete_39.pdf
B, Z. B. ( 2008, MAY). uTeM PERPUSTAKAAN. Retrieved MARCH 2016, from http://library.utem.edu.my/:
http://library.utem.edu.my/index2.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=5128&It emid=342
(April 2005, April). (Traffic Engineering Division Colorado Springs, Colorado) Retrieved from
https://permits.springsgov.com: https://permits.springsgov.com/units/traffic/SignalCoordinationPlan.pdf
AHMAD, A. B. (n.d.). UMP@ INSTITUTIONAL REPOSITORY (UMP IR) Open Access Repository of UMP Resear.
Retrieved from http://umpir.ump.edu.my: http://umpir.ump.edu.my/75/1/cd2636.pdf
Angelfire . (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.angelfire.com:
http://www.angelfire.com/planet/mandy88/Topic_8_PLC.pdf
 Thank You

Any Question / Suggestion?

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