Tefl Approaches and Practices: Nuning Wahyu Astuti, M. Tesol

TEFL APPROACHES AND PRACTICES
NUNING WAHYU ASTUTI, M. TESOL.

OUTLINE: METHODS
• Audiolingual
• Counseling Learning
• Direct Method
• Grammar Translation
• Silent Way
• Situational Language Teaching
• Suggestopedia
• Total Physical Response (TPR)
Methods
• The way we teach
• In the 1950s-1980s were considered the “methods” period.

audiolingual
• This method is skills-based, allows no use of L1, and stresses memorization, repetition, tapes, and structures.
• Example :
The teacher asks each student in turn, "What did you eat for breakfast?" And the students answer truthfully: "I ate cereal
and milk" or "I ate two eggs and toast." Students may also prepare their own dialogues based on the original lesson and
present them to the class. For example, two students create a dialogue in which they introduce themselves to each other.
Counseling learning
• This method is part of Humanistic Technique.
• The teacher is the coach; the students are clients.
• Example:
Celebrating the small things
Encourage your learners to write down what they have achieved in every class. These can be collected and brought to the
counseling session. Learners will often be surprised at just how much they really have done.
Direct method
• It allows only the second language, uses everyday vocabulary, and stresses pronunciation.
• Example:
Engage the students interactively often by asking questions, encouraging them to reply only in the target language. You
can ask the class as a whole or random students individually.
“Jerry, how was your weekend?”
“Class, did you see the news this morning? Any reactions?”
“Can anyone tell me their greatest fear?”
Grammar translation
• Most popular before the 1940s, and was slowly replaced by the Direct Method from the early 1900s.
• It is still popular in countries where reading is more important than communicating.
• Example
Ask your students to pick five vocabulary words they like from a text and then translate them into their mother tongue.
Silent way
• Students are encouraged to produce as much as possible, to get the spirit of the language by exploring and practicing it.
• Example
We start by setting out some rods in front of the students and working on sentences to describe what they can perceive. To start
with the sentences will be very simple: ‘A red rod’ ’Two red rods’ but will
gradually get more elaborate ‘A red rod and a green one’, ‘A red rod on top of
a black one’, ’Two rods side by side’.
And then we can add instructions such as ‘Take a blue rod and put it here’, or
other aspects of grammar ‘My rod is orange’ or ‘I took a green rod and gave it to her’.
Situational language teaching
• Language is a purposeful activity toward a goal.
• Stress is on the meaning, content, and situations.
• Example
Situation: Shopping dialogue
The teacher asks the students to create a dialogue when they are in a shopping center. For each line of the dialogue, the
teacher plans prompts to use with students – these are the key words that help students remember the line.
Prompts
A: Good afternoon. Can I help you? A: good / help you?
B: I’m looking for a pair of trousers. B: look / trousers

suggestopedia
• It takes an authoritative holistic but lexical approach and uses music and ambiance
• It is said to be 25 times faster than other methods.
• Teacher’s role: auto-hypnotist and authority figure
• Students’ role: relaxer and true believer
Total physical response (tpr)
• Coordinates speech and action
• The idea is to repeat during the L2 learning process what was used to learn L1.
• Example
• Playing a game called “Simon Says”
• When the teacher gives a command, students should only do it if the teacher says "Simon says..." at the start. The teacher
might say, "Simon says, 'slice some bread'" or "Simon says, 'chop an onion'" and the students must do the action. However,
if the teacher says, "Whisk an egg“ (without saying “Simon says”) the students shouldn't do this. If anyone does the action
that Simon doesn't say then they are out and have to watch for the mistakes of the other students.
Thank you

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TEFL APPROACHES AND PRACTICES

NUNING WAHYU ASTUTI, M. TESOL.

• In the 1950s-1980s were considered the “methods” period.

B: I’m looking for a pair of trousers. B: look / trousers

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