Laboratorio Fundamentos de Redes

IP ADDRESSING AND STATIC ROUTING

DESIGN (November - 04 - 2021)
Alejandro Jesús Salas Durán 202112977 - Juan Felipe Garcia Hoyos 202110214

Introduction- • Analyze the convergence of the RIPv2 protocol in the face of

The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is an Interior Gateway network changes.
Protocol (IGP) used by routers to exchange information about
the Internet Protocol (IP) networks to which they are connected. II. Theoretical framework
Its routing algorithm is based on the distance vector, since it
calculates the metric or shortest possible route to the destination IP Protocol
based on the number of "hops" or intermediate equipment that The Internet Protocol (IP) is part of the TCP/IP protocol suite.
IP packets must pass through. The maximum hop limit in RIP The main function of the IP protocol is to route packets (data)
is 15, so that when 16 is reached, a route is considered from the source host (PC) to the destination host. IP does not
unreachable or undesirable. Unlike other protocols, RIP is a free require the overhead of any type of agreement before sending a
protocol, that is, it can be used by different routers and not only packet, which makes IP a connectionless protocol. IP attempts
by a single owner with one as is the case of EIGRP which is to deliver each packet, but if the router or host process cannot
from Cisco Systems [1]. deliver it, it is discarded, without any error recovery [6]. There
In this lab we will perform IP routing with RIPv2 with the help are two versions of the IP protocol: version 4 (IPv4) and version
of Packet Tracer software, using the basic concepts of the guide 6 (IPv6). Figure 1 shows the content of the IPv4 datagram [7].
and making the network topology and configuration of the
terminal devices and router. And finally, we will make the IP
addressing table and the routing table.

Summary –
In this lab we study IP routing with RIPv2. We analyze this
protocol in detail, and before, we make the respective network
topology and configure the terminal devices and routers, so that
we can perform the IP addressing table and routing.
Subsequently, we confirm the correct use of the RIPv2 protocol.

General Terms – Figure 1. IPv4 datagram format [3].

• Routing: Is the function of searching for a path among all
possible paths in a packet network whose topologies have high Subnetting (IP subnetting)
connectivity. IP subnetting takes a single class A, B or C network and
• RIPv2: It´s one of the simplest and most widely used interior subdivides it into several smaller IP address groups. When
routing protocols. This is particularly true since version 2, subdividing, a third part of an IP address appears between the
which introduces some critical improvements that have made it network and host parts, called the subnet part. This field is
a necessary resource for any network administrator. created by "borrowing" bits from the host part of the address.
The size of the network part of the address is never reduced. The
host part of the address is reduced to make room for the subnet
I. OBJECTIVES OF THE LABORATORY part of the address. Figure 3 shows the format of addresses when
subdividing, with the number of bits in each of the three parts
GENERAL: of an IP address [1] [2].
• Identify, use and make tables of IP addresses for each subnet
and IP routing with RIPv2.
Specific:
• Design and configure IP addressing for a network with 11
subnets.
• Configure dynamic routing on routers, using the RIPv2
protocol.
• Learn to read routing tables. Figure 2. Format of IP addresses by subdivision [2].
 Laboratorio Fundamentos de Redes

Subnet mask RIP (Routing Information Protocol) is a dynamic distance-

The mask is a 32-bit binary number, usually written in dotted vector routing protocol used by the device to automatically
decimal format. The purpose of the mask is to define the configure optimal routes based on messages received from other
structure of an IP address. The mask defines the size of the host hosts on RIP-enabled links (typically routers). The device
part of an IP address. The first part of the mask contains binary supports RIPv1 and RIPv2 for IPv4, and RIPng for IPv6. Routes
bits, which represent the network part of the addresses (if that are configured using these protocols are marked with the
subnetting is not used) or the network and subnet part of the type "dynamic" in the routing table. RIP and RIPng listen on
addresses (if subnetting is used) [1] [2]. UDP ports 520 and 521, respectively [1].

III. GUIDE PROCEDURE

Step 1 Create the following topology:

Figure 3. Subnet mask for each type of IP address [2] [2].

IP routing
This process allows the interconnectivity and communication of
networks, through IP packets sent from an origin to a
destination, thanks to the technology incorporated in each
router, which makes it possible, through various configurations Figure 4. Procedural network topology [2].
and protocols. Over the years and with the development of
servers, computer networks and the Internet, the efficiency of Step 2. Designing the IP addressing for the network topology
these systems has been sought to increase, so that over the last
century new proposals have been launched in search of new Design the IP addressing for the network topology shown in Figure 5.
improvements, thus new elements such as routers were born and Use the Class C address: 193.42.10.0 / 24 and subdivide it into 8
with them a series of new protocols that would facilitate the subnets (only 7 subnets are used). Make a table showing the procedure
centralization and exchange of data between networks [4]. to obtain the IP addressing of each subnet and assign the IP addresses
to the PCs and to the serial and Ethernet interfaces of the routers.
Static routing
Step 3. Configure the IP addressing on each PC with the following
Routers must have routes in their IP routing tables for the packet
procedure.
forwarding process to work. After the IP addresses are Configure the IP addressing on each PC with the following procedure.
configured on the router interfaces, routers usually need other Click on the PC, select the "Desktop" tab, click on "IP configuration",
routes to send packets to all subnets in the network. Static select the "static" option and configure the fields: IP Address, Subnet
routes, allow to establish in the router routing table, what is the Mask and Default Gateway. Observe the following figure.
IP address of the next hop (router), to reach (reach) another
subnet within the network [2].

Packet Tracer
Cisco Packet Tracer is an administrative and educational tool
whose main objective is to better understand the theory
associated with computer networking. This tool allows users to
create network topologies, configure devices, deliver packets
and simulate a network with multiple representations. One of
the great advantages of using this program is that it has a
"Simulation" function where you can see how packets flow Figure 5. Assign IP address [2].
through different devices and switches (Switches, Routers, etc.).
We can also speed up or slow down the data transfer process Step 4. Configure the IP addressing of the FastEthernet and serial
and at the end it shows us a list of events in which we can go interfaces of the routers.
back or forward. Another great advantage of Packet Tracer is its
Click on the router, select the "Config" tab The following is an example
interactive interface, which allows to provide a better
of the configuration of the IP address of the FastEthernet 0/0 interface
experience to its users and to implement the concepts and
and the serial 2/0 interface.
theories learned in their daily life or work.
To start the execution of the program and as a first physical
topology you can place a small, interconnected network from
two PC's connected to a router, to a complex network system, at
a local geographic level. In the case of end devices, as PC's do
not have more than the use of commands such as PING to test
packets sent between computers, the configuration of a PC is at
the level of filling text boxes with the necessary information.
RIP Protocol
 Laboratorio Fundamentos de Redes

DIRECCIÓN IP - DIRECCIÓN IP - MASCARA DE

SUBRED DISPOSITIVO
SUBRED DISP. SUBRED
Router0 - Fa0/0 192.168.1.1/28
PC1 192.168.1.2/28
1 192.168.1.0/28 255.255.255.240/28
PC2 192.168.1.3/28
Broadcast 192.168.1.15/28

Router0 - Se2/0 192.168.1.17/28

2 192.168.1.16/28 Router3 - Se2/0 192.168.1.18/28 255.255.255.240/28
Broadcast 192.168.1.31/28

Router3 - Se3/0 192.168.1.33/28

3 192.168.1.32/28 Router1 - Se2/0 192.168.1.34/28 255.255.255.240/28
Broadcast 192.168.1.47/28

Router1 - Se3/0 192.168.1.49/28

Figure 6. Router interface configuration [2].
4 192.168.1.48/28 Router2 - Se2/0 192.168.1.50/28 255.255.255.240/28
NOTE: If the router serial interface does not have the clock connected, Broadcast 192.168.1.63/28
the 'Clock Rate' parameter should not be configured.
Router2 - Se3/0 192.168.1.65/28
5 192.168.1.64/28 Router4 - Se3/0 192.168.1.66/28 255.255.255.240/28
Broadcast 192.168.1.79/28

Router4 - Se2/0 192.168.1.81/28

6 192.168.1.80/28 Router7 - Se2/0 192.168.1.82/28 255.255.255.240/28
IV. NETWORK TOPOLOGY Broadcast 192.168.1.95/28

To perform the network topology, Cisco Packet Tracer tools Router7 - Se3/0 192.168.1.97/28
7 192.168.1.96/28 Router0 - Se6/0 192.168.1.98/28 255.255.255.240/28
were used, and the PCs and Routers were configured, as a result,
Broadcast 192.168.1.111/28
the following results were obtained:
Router0 - Se3/0 192.168.1.113/28
8 192.168.1.112/28 Router5 - Se2/0 192.168.1.114/28 255.255.255.240/28
Broadcast 192.168.1.127/28

Router5 - Se3/0 192.168.1.129/28

9 192.168.1.128/28 Router6 - Se2/0 192.168.1.130/28 255.255.255.240/28
Broadcast 192.168.1.143/28

Router6 - Se3/0 192.168.1.145/28

10 192.168.1.144/28 Router4 - Se6/0 192.168.1.146/28 255.255.255.240/28
Broadcast 192.168.1.159/28
Figure 10. Network topology
Router4 - Fa1/0 192.168.1.161/28
As can be seen in Figure 10 the topology is divided into 7 PC3 192.168.1.162/28
11 192.168.1.160/28 PC4 192.168.1.163/28 255.255.255.240/28
subnets which was what was initially requested, where the Server0 192.168.1.164/28
interface of each router corresponds to Fa0/0, Se2/0 and Se3/0. Broadcast 192.168.1.175/28
Figure 11. IP Addressing Table

V. IP ADDRESSING After configuring all the devices with the IP addresses, we will
proceed to address using the RIP protocol, for this we will go to
In the lab, the Class C address is used: 192.168.1.0/24 and is
the routers, and one by one we will configure the RIP protocol
subdivided into 16 subnets/host. To get 16 subnets, 4 bits of the
by performing the following commands in the CLI tab.
host portion must be requested, because 24=16. Then each
subnet has 212 hosts = 4096 hosts; The subnet mask = 24 + 4 =
28; The new network address notation is: 192.168.1.0/28.
Considering the above, the IP addressing table for the 11
subnets of the topology was made:

Figure 12. RIP Configuration

In the commands that begin with "network", you must write the
IP addresses of all the subnets to which the router belongs, in
the case of the illustration it belongs to two. To verify correct
operation, we can use the show running-config command,
which will show us a section in which the router connections are
seen.
 Laboratorio Fundamentos de Redes

Figure 15. Package sent and received

Figure 13. RIP Verification

Now we can check the correct connectivity of the entire network

if on router0 within the same CLI tab we use the show IP route
command. In this way we can see all the information related to
the network routing table.

Figure 16. Sniffer information

VI. CONCLUSIONS

• RIPv2 is a classless routing protocol that can be used to

provide subnet mask information in routing updates. This
allowed us to meet the objectives of the report and verify the
correct use of the configurations.

VII. REFERENCES

Figure 14. Show IP route command [1] "Wikipedia," [Online]. Available:

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routing_Information_Protocol.
Then we used the command tracert to check the connection [2] "IP Addressing and Subnetting for New Users," Cisco, [Online].
Available: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/routing-
between PC2 and PC3. information-protocol-rip/13788-3.html#anc0. [Accessed 2021].
[3] C. Saenz, "Lab 5. IP addressing and static routing design," 2021.
[4] O. Wendell, "Guía oficial para el examen de certificación
CCENT/CCNA ICND1. CiscoPress".
[5] C. M. C. Daniel, "Enrutamiento IP," Monografias, [Online].
Available: https://www.monografias.com/docs115/enrutamiento-
Figure 14. connectivity command between PC2 and PC3 ip/enrutamiento-ip.shtml.
[6] "ORACLE," [Online]. Available:
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E55837_01/html/E54236/configuration__services_
We will send a file, for them we will go to PC1 and in its text _dynamic_routing__rip_and_ripng_dynamic_routing_protoc.html.
editor we will prepare the document "test.txt". While in the [7] C. Saens, "GUIDE 6 - ROUTING WITH RIPV2," Bogotá, 2021.
CMD of PC1 we will enter the FTP server, there we will review
the commands: Dir, put and get, and then analyze what happens
through the sniffer.