3.

Variables, Data Types

& Keywords
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3.1 Variables in Python

In Python, variables are used to store values that can be
used later in a program. You can think of variables as
containers that hold data. What makes Python unique is
that you don't need to explicitly declare the type of a
variable. You simply assign a value to a variable using the
"=" operator.

For example, you can create a variable called "name" and

assign it a value like this:

Here, "name" is the variable name, and "Yadnyesh" is the value

assigned to it. Python will automatically determine the type of
the variable based on the value assigned to it. In this case, the
type of the variable "name" is a string.
Variables in Python can hold different types of data, such
as numbers, strings, lists, or even more complex objects.
You can change the value of a variable at any time by
assigning a new value to it. For instance:

Python also allows you to perform operations on variables. For

example, you can add, subtract, multiply, or divide variables
containing numbers. You can even combine variables of
different types using operators. For instance:

Variables provide a way to store and manipulate data in

Python, making it easier to work with information throughout
your program. By giving meaningful names to variables, you
can make your code more readable and understandable.
3.1.1 Identifier in Python
In Python, an identifier is a name used to identify a variable,
function, class, module, or any other user-defined object. An
identifier can be made up of letters (both uppercase and
lowercase), digits, and underscores (_). However, it must
start with a letter or an underscore.

Here are some important rules to keep in mind when working

with identifiers in Python:

Valid Characters: An identifier can contain letters (a-z, A-

Z), digits (0-9), and underscores (_). It cannot contain
spaces or special characters like @, #, or $.

Case Sensitivity: Python is case-sensitive, meaning

uppercase and lowercase letters are considered
different. So, "myVar" and "myvar" are treated as two
different identifiers.

Reserved Words: Python has reserved words, also known

as keywords, that have predefined meanings in the
language. These words cannot be used as identifiers.
Examples of reserved words include "if," "while," and "def."
 Length: Identifiers can be of any length. However, it is
recommended to use meaningful and descriptive names
that are not excessively long.

Readability: It is good practice to choose descriptive names

for identifiers that convey their purpose or meaning. This
helps make the code more readable and understandable.

Here are some examples of valid identifiers in Python:

my_variable
count
total_sum
PI
MyClass

And here are some examples of invalid identifiers:

123abc (starts with a digit)
my-variable (contains a hyphen)
if (a reserved word)
my var (contains a space)

3.2 Data Types in Python

Data types in Python refer to the different kinds of values that
can be assigned to variables. They determine the nature of
the data and the operations that can be performed on them.
Python provides several built-in data types, including:
1. Numeric:
Python supports different numerical data types, including
integers (whole numbers), floating-point numbers (decimal
numbers), and complex numbers (numbers with real and
imaginary parts).
a. Integers (int): Integers represent whole numbers
without any fractional part. For example, age = 25.
b. Floating-Point Numbers (float): Floating-point numbers
represent numbers with decimal points or fractions. For
example, pi = 3.14.
c. Complex Numbers (complex): Complex numbers have
a real and imaginary part. They are denoted by a
combination of a real and imaginary number, suffixed
with j or J. For example, z = 2 + 3j.
2. Dictionary:
Dictionaries are key-value pairs enclosed in curly braces.
Each value is associated with a unique key, allowing for
efficient lookup and retrieval. For example, person =
{'name': 'John', 'age': 25, 'city': 'New York'}.

3. Boolean:
Boolean (bool): Booleans represent truth values, either True
or False. They are used for logical operations and
conditions. For example, is_valid = True.
4. Set:
Sets (set): Sets are unordered collections of unique
elements enclosed in curly braces. They are useful for
mathematical operations such as union, intersection,
and difference. For example, fruits = {'apple', 'banana',
'orange'}.

5. Sequence Type:
Sequences represent a collection of elements and include
data types like strings, lists, and tuples. Strings are used to
store textual data, while lists and tuples are used to store
ordered collections of items.

Strings (str): Strings represent sequences of characters

enclosed within single or double quotes. For example,
name = "John".
Lists (list): Lists are ordered sequences of elements
enclosed in square brackets. Each element can be of any
data type. For example, numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4].
Tuples (tuple): Tuples are similar to lists but are
immutable, meaning their elements cannot be changed
once defined. They are enclosed in parentheses. For
example, coordinates = (3, 4).
3.3 Keywords in Python
Keywords in Python are special words that have specific
meanings and purposes within the Python language.
They are reserved and cannot be used as variable names
or identifiers.

Keywords play a crucial role in defining the structure and

behavior of Python programs.

Keywords are like building blocks that allow us to create

conditional statements, loops, functions, classes, handle
errors, and perform other important operations.

They help in controlling the flow of the program and

specify how different parts of the code should behave.

For example, the if keyword is used to check conditions

and perform specific actions based on those conditions.
The for and while keywords are used to create loops that
repeat a block of code multiple times.

The def keyword is used to define functions, which are

reusable blocks of code that perform specific tasks.
List of all the keywords in Python:

False await else import pass

None break except in raise
True class finally is return
and continue for lambda try
as def from nonlocal while
assert del global not with
async elif if or yield