Next-

Generation
Robots
– The New Era!
Submitted By:
NABEEL HUSSAIN AKHTAR (3KC20CS024)
Content
➢ Introduction
➢ What are Next-Generation Robots?
➢ Technologies Used
➢ How it Works?
➢ Next-Generation Robots Architecture
➢ Benefits
➢ Advantages
➢ Disadvantages
➢ Next-Generation Robots Design Principles
➢ Future Scope
➢ Conclusion
➢ Reference
Introduction
• Enter the realm where science fiction
meets reality as we delve into the
cutting-edge world of robotics.
• From the earliest visions of automata
to the sophisticated machines of
today, witness the evolution that has
brought us to this new era.
• Join us as we explore the impact of
autonomous drones gracefully soaring
through the skies, humanoid robots
seamlessly assisting us in our daily
tasks, and intelligent machines
revolutionizing industries.
What is Next-Generation Robots?
Cutting-Edge Robotics • Represents the latest advancements at the forefront of robotics.
Technology: • Characterized by increased autonomy, intelligence, and adaptability.

Integration of Advanced • Incorporates artificial intelligence, machine learning, and advanced sensors.
• Enables robots to learn, make decisions, and interact with their environment
Technologies: autonomously.

Transformative • Revolutionizes sectors such as healthcare, manufacturing, transportation, and

Applications Across agriculture.
• Enhances efficiency, precision, and safety in various tasks and operations.
Industries:

Human-Machine • Enables seamless collaboration between robots and humans in shared workspaces.
Interaction and • Redefines the possibilities of how machines can augment and assist human
capabilities.
Collaboration:
Technologies
Used.
• Embedded Systems Development
• I2C Communication Protocol
• PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)
Control
• Audio Processing and Amplification
• Display Technology Integration
• Internet of Things (IoT) Connectivity
• Cloud Integration
• Servo Motor Control
• Multimedia Integration
• Real-Time Data Processing
Embedded Systems Development

This involves Engineers use specialized

programming and languages like C or C++ to
developing software for create code that controls
microcontrollers like the the behavior of the
ESP32, which are microcontroller and
dedicated to specific tasks interacts with connected
within devices. components.
I2C Communication Protocol

I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) is a It allows multiple devices to share

serial communication protocol the same communication lines,
used to connect and communicate using a master-slave architecture
between microcontrollers and for efficient data exchange over
peripheral devices. short distances.
PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) Control

PWM is a method of controlling the amount of

power delivered to devices like servo motors or
LEDs by varying the width of the pulse signal.

By changing the width of the pulse, PWM

can simulate varying levels of voltage,
allowing precise control of motor speed,
brightness, or position.
Audio Processing and Amplification

Involves the manipulation and enhancement The PAM8403 audio amplifier, for example,
of audio signals using algorithms and amplifies the audio signal to drive speakers,
hardware components. enhancing the sound output.
Display Technology Integration

Involves incorporating display modules like The OLED display provides a compact and
OLED displays into the system for visual energy-efficient solution for displaying
feedback and user interaction. information, graphics, and user interfaces.
Internet of
Things (IoT)
Connectivity
• Refers to the ability of
the ESP32
microcontroller to
connect to the internet
and communicate with
other devices and cloud
services.
• This connectivity enables
remote monitoring,
control, and data
exchange, making the
device a part of the larger
IoT ecosystem.
Cloud
Integration
• Involves establishing
communication between
the ESP32
microcontroller and
cloud-based services such
as AWS, Google Cloud, or
Azure.
• This allows the device to
store data, access remote
processing power, and
enable features like
remote updates, data
analytics, and
notifications.
 Servo Motor
Control
• Involves using the MG995 servo
motors to precisely control the
position, speed, and movement of
mechanical components.
• The ESP32 sends PWM signals to the
servo motors, allowing for accurate
and repeatable control of their
rotation angles.
This technology is fundamental in robotics,
automation, and mechatronics, enabling
precise and controlled movements in robotic
arms, drones, RC vehicles, and other
applications requiring precise motion control.
 Multimedia
Integration
• Involves combining audio (through
PAM8403 amplifier) and visual (via
OLED display) components into the
system.
• Enables the creation of interactive
experiences, audio-visual feedback,
and multimedia applications within the
embedded system.
This integration allows for the development
of devices such as music players, interactive
displays, multimedia presentations, and
entertainment systems that offer both audio
and visual content to users.
 • Involves the immediate analysis,
manipulation, or response to incoming
sensor data without delay.

Real-Time • The ESP32 processes sensor readings

in real-time, enabling quick decision-
making and control actions based on
Data the data.
Real-time data processing is crucial for

Processing applications such as robotics, IoT systems,

monitoring devices, and automation, where
timely responses to changing conditions are
essential for efficient operation and accurate
outcomes.
How does it work?
Audio Output
ESP32 I2C Communication Servo Motor Display Output (PAM8403
Microcontroller: (PCA9685): Control (MG995): (OLED Display): Amplifier and
Speaker):
• The ESP32 serves • The ESP32 • The PCA9685 • The ESP32 sends • The ESP32
as the brain of the communicates with generates PWM data to the OLED processes audio
system, controlling the PCA9685 signals based on display for visual data or commands.
all operations. PWM/Servo commands from feedback and user • It sends the
• It communicates Controller via the the ESP32. interaction. processed audio
with various I2C protocol. • These signals are • Information such as signals to the
components, such • It sends commands sent to the MG995 sensor readings, PAM8403 audio
as the PCA9685, to the PCA9685 to servo motors, system status, or amplifier.
OLED display, control the PWM controlling their prompts can be • The amplified
PAM8403 audio signals for the rotation angles and displayed on the signals are then
amplifier, and servo motors. movements. OLED screen. output through the
MG995 servo speaker, providing
motors. audio feedback or
output.
 How does it work?

6. Sensor Input and Real-Time Processing:

6. The system can incorporate various sensors, such as temperature, humidity, or motion
sensors.
7. The ESP32 reads sensor data in real-time, processing it for analysis or control
decisions.
7. IoT Connectivity and Cloud Integration:
6. The ESP32 connects to the internet via Wi-Fi or other means.
7. It can upload sensor data to cloud services for storage, analysis, or remote access.
8. Cloud services can send commands back to the ESP32, enabling remote control or
updates.
8. User Interaction:
6. Users can interact with the system through the OLED display.
7. They may receive visual feedback, input commands, or view system status updates.
8. Audio feedback can also provide additional cues or information to the user.
• THE ESP32 microcontroller acts as the central controller, orchestrating the communication
and operation of all components. It communicates with the PCA9685 for servo motor
control, sends data to the OLED display for visual feedback, processes audio signals for
output through the PAM8403 amplifier and speaker, reads sensor data for real-time
processing, and connects to the cloud for IoT capabilities. This integrated system enables a
wide range of applications, from robotics and automation to IoT devices and multimedia
systems, with precise control, interactive interfaces, and remote connectivity.
Architecture
 Design principle

Modularity: Abstraction: Scalability:

Divide the system into modular Use abstraction layers to hide Design to accommodate
components for motor control, hardware complexities from additional servo motors, sensors,
display, audio, etc. higher-level software. or displays in the future.
Enables easier development, Separates application logic from Utilize expansion boards or
testing, and maintenance of hardware-specific details, interfaces for future upgrades
individual parts. promoting cleaner code. without major changes.
Design principle
4. Fault Tolerance:
4. Implement error-handling mechanisms for
communication errors or component failures.
5. Ensures system reliability with graceful
degradation of functionality during failures.
5. Efficiency:
4. Optimize code and algorithms for efficient
resource usage (memory, processing).
5. Minimize delays for responsive servo motor
control and real-time performance.
These design principles ensure a well-structured,
reliable, and efficient system for controlling servo
motors, displaying information, and producing audio
output in the described architecture.
Benefits

Control User Scalable Educational

Flexibility Interaction Design Tool

Remote Audio-Visual Precise Servo Budget-

Access Output Control Friendly

Innovation Skill
Platform Development
 Increased Efficiency and Productivity:
• Next-Generation Robots streamline operations and tasks, boosting
productivity to new heights.

Improved Safety:
• These robots ensure safer work environments by handling
hazardous tasks and reducing human exposure to risks.

Enhanced Precision:
• Offering unparalleled accuracy, Next-Generation Robots excel in

Advantages executing tasks with exactness and consistency.

Increased Accessibility:
• They provide accessibility to remote or difficult-to-reach areas,
expanding possibilities for exploration and operations.

Reduced Costs:
• By automating tasks and optimizing processes, these robots lead to
significant cost savings in operations and maintenance.

Innovation and Growth:

• Next-Generation Robots drive innovation, sparking new
technologies and industries while propelling economic growth.
 High Initial Costs:
• The development and implementation of advanced robots
often involve significant upfront investment, limiting
accessibility for smaller businesses or organizations.

Job Displacement Concerns:

• The automation of tasks can lead to job losses in certain
industries, raising concerns about unemployment and the
need for retraining.

Complex Maintenance Requirements:

Disadvantages • Next-generation robots often require specialized
maintenance skills and resources, adding complexity to
upkeep and repair.

Ethical and Legal Implications:

• Issues such as data privacy, security breaches, and the ethical
use of artificial intelligence raise significant concerns and
challenges.

Limited Adaptability:
• Some robots may struggle to adapt to unexpected scenarios
or changes in their environment, potentially limiting their
effectiveness in dynamic settings.
Future Scope
Advanced AI Integration:
• Future robots will feature more sophisticated artificial intelligence
algorithms, enabling them to learn, adapt, and make decisions in real-time.
Enhanced Sensory Abilities:
• Next-generation robots will have improved sensors for better perception of
their environment, enabling more precise and nuanced interactions.
Human-Robot Collaboration:
• The future holds collaborative robots (cobots) working alongside humans in
shared workspaces, enhancing productivity and safety.
Education and Research Tools:
• Robots will serve as valuable tools in education, research, and development,
allowing for hands-on learning and experimentation.
Personal and Home Robotics:
• There will be a rise in personal and home robots, assisting with household
chores, providing companionship, and enhancing convenience.
Conclusion
• In conclusion, the development
of next-generation robots has
the potential to revolutionize
the way we live and work. From
soft robots and collaborative
robots to autonomous vehicles
and personal robots, the
possibilities for next-generation
robotics are endless. These
robots offer increased
efficiency, productivity, safety,
precision, and accessibility while
reducing costs and driving
innovation and growth.
References • www.google.com
• www.wikipedia.com
• www.rootsaid.com
Thanks….