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Trigonometry Exercises

This document provides formulas, definitions, examples and exercises related to trigonometry. It includes the definitions of sine, cosine and tangent functions using right triangles. Several example problems demonstrate using trigonometric functions to calculate unknown side lengths. A series of multi-part exercises involve using trigonometric identities and applying trigonometry to solve for distances, angles and geometric measurements.

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SOFI ULLISKY
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147 views8 pages

Trigonometry Exercises

This document provides formulas, definitions, examples and exercises related to trigonometry. It includes the definitions of sine, cosine and tangent functions using right triangles. Several example problems demonstrate using trigonometric functions to calculate unknown side lengths. A series of multi-part exercises involve using trigonometric identities and applying trigonometry to solve for distances, angles and geometric measurements.

Uploaded by

SOFI ULLISKY
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Trigonometry Exercises

October 2, 2022

1 Formulas
The following table includes the values of the sine, cosine and tangent of im-
portant angles:

1
The following equations are called identities (meaning both sides are equiv-
alent), and can be used for solving exercises:

sin(α)
tan(α) =
cos(α)
sin2 (α) + cos2 (α) = 1
Additionally, we have the following trigonometric functions:
• Cosecant: cosec(α) = 1
sin(α)

• Secant: sec(α) = 1
cos(α)

• Cotangent: cotan(α) = 1
tan(α)

NOTE: Yes, cosecant and secant should definitely switch definitions, but un-
fortunately that’s the way it is...

2 Examples
Example 1 Let’s calculate the sine, cosine and tangent of both α and β by
using SOH, CAH and T OA.

By definition of SOH, CAH and T OA we have:


Opposite 2cm Adjacent 1, 5cm
sin(α) = = = 0, 8 cos(α) = = = 0, 6
Hypotenuse 2, 5cm Hypotenuse 2, 5cm
Opposite 2cm 4
tan(α) = = = 1, 3 =
Adjacent 1, 5cm 3
Opposite 1, 5cm Adjacent 2cm
sin(β) = = = 0, 6 cos(β) = = = 0, 8
Hypotenuse 2, 5cm Hypotenuse 2, 5cm
Opposite 1, 5cm
tan(β) = = = 0, 75
Adjacent 2cm
As you can see, the opposite and adjacent sides are not fixed, but rather depend
on the angle we’re focusing on.

2
Example 2 In this scenario, we know the angle and one side, and we can use
SOH, CAH and T OA to find the remaining sides (this kind of exercise requires
the use of a calculator):

b
sin(41, 7◦ ) = ⇒ b = sin(41, 7◦ ) · 5m = 0, 67 · 5m = 3, 33m
5m
c
cos(41, 7◦ ) = ⇒ c = cos(41, 7◦ ) · 5m = 3, 73m
5m
Alternatively, if I figured out b, I can use the Pythagorean Theorem to find c
and viceversa.

3 Exercises
Exercise 1 Use SOH, CAH and T OA to find the requested values:
1. Find c, then find the sine, cosine and tangent of B
b and C.
b

2. Find the hypotenuse of the following triangle, then calculate the sin, cosine
and tangent of α and β.

3
3. Find the hypotenuse of the following triangle, then find the sin, cosine
and tangent of α and β.

4. Find a, c and the sine, cosine and tangent of C.


b

5. Find the height of the wall in this drawing:

BONUS EXERCISES:

1. Calculate the perimeter of the following rectangle:

4
2. Calculate the perimeter of the following trapeze:

3. The following rhombus has a perimeter of 34, 4cm. Use trigonometry to


find the length of its diagonals:

Exercise 2 Use the table to solve the following equations:


1.
1
sin(30◦ ) − 2 · cos(60◦ ) +
sin(45◦ )
2.
cos(60◦ ) + sin(60◦ ) · tan(30◦ )

3.
(sin(45◦ ) + cos(45◦ )) · tan(60◦ )

4.
sin2 (60◦ ) + cos2 (30◦ ) − tan2 (30◦ )

5.
(cos(30◦ ) + sin(60◦ ))2
tan(30◦ )
6.
1
sin(30◦ ) − cos(60◦ ) · 1
cos(60◦ ) 1
+
cos(0◦ ) cos(60◦ )
7.
1 cos(0◦ ) · cos(60◦ )
tan(60◦ ) · −
cos(30◦ ) tan(45◦ )

BONUS EXERCISE: Complete the table by finding the cosecant, secant and
tangent of the five important angles.

5
Exercise 3 1. Use a calculator to find the following values (round to three
decimal places):
(a) sin(75◦ ), cos(75◦ )
(b) sin(20◦ ), cos(20◦ )
(c) sin(50◦ ), cos(50◦ )
2. Without using a calculator, find the following values, justifying what prop-
erty you’re using:
(a) tan(50◦ )
(b) sin(−20◦ )
(c) cos(−20◦ )
(d) tan(−20◦ )
(e) sin(230◦ )
(f ) sin(315◦ )
(g) cos(105◦ )
(h) tan(270◦ )
(i) sin(120◦ )
(j) cos(210◦ )
(k) tan(240◦ )
HINT: For this exercise you’ll need the values you found in part 1, the
table and the properties of quadrants.

Exercise 4 1. Use identities to simplify the following expressions:


(a)
tan(α) · cos(α)
(b)
cosec(β) · tan(β)
(c)
cos2 (γ) + sin2 (γ)
cotan(θ)
2. Prove the following identities:
(a)
cos(α)
cotan(α) ≡
sin(α)
(b)
1 1
tan(β) + cotan(β) ≡ ·
cos(β) sin(β)

6
Exercise 5 Illustrate and solve the following problems:
1. A kite is flying at a height of 15m while being held by a string that’s at an
inclination angle of 78◦ . How long is the string?
2. A plane is descending at a 36◦ angle from a height of 3250m. How far
away is the plane from the airport?
3. From atop a building, a person sees a car that’s 234m away at an inclina-
tion angle of 27◦ . How tall is the building? How far away is the car from
the base of the building?
4. James is standing at the end of a 200m − long bridge, when he sees a boat
at an angle of inclination of 74◦ . At the same time, John, who’s on the
boat, is looking at Mary, who’s on the other end of the bridge and at an
angle of 69◦ . How far away is James from John? How far away is John
from Mary?
5. Alex is standing at ground level and staring at the top of an antenna at an
inclination angle of 60◦ . He the walks 2m farther away from the antenna
and is now staring at its top at an angle of 50◦ . How far away from the
antenna was John originally? What is the height of the antenna?

Exercise 6 Solve the following triangles (round to two decimal places when
necessary):

1.

2.

3.

7
4.

5.
BONUS EXERCISES:
1. Calculate the length of the sides of the following rhomboid:

2. Calculate x, y and z:

3. Calculate the base, height and area of the following triangle:

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