Mk8-MM-Manual-19.05.2020 - ENG - 238-316

12 Bottom Blowdown
12.7 Faults
The table below show the faults which are directly related to the Bottom Blowdown function.
Fault Type Message Description

300 Warning Bottom Blowdown Controller Comms No comms with bottom blowdown controller
• Check bottom blowdown controller is powered on and enabled

• Check wiring and screen on terminals 5T+ and 5T-
301 Warning Bottom Blowdown Controller Software Internal check failed
Fault
• Contact Autoflame approved local tech centre
302 Warning Bottom Blowdown Servo Closing Fault No movement detected when bottom
blowdown valve goes to close
• Check wiring on terminals 5T+ and 5T-
• Check bottom blowdown valve is not stuck
303 Warning Bottom Blowdown Servo Opening Fault No movement detected when bottom
blowdown valve goes to open
• Check wiring on terminals 5T+ and 5T-
• Check bottom blowdown valve is not stuck
304 Warning Bottom Blowdown Servo Battery Drive Battery has failed on bottom blowdown
Fault controller
305 Warning Bottom Blowdown Controller Main Main power has failed on bottom blowdown
Power Fault controller
350 Warning Bottom Blowdown Servo Not Bottom blowdown controller has not been
Commissioned requested to drive servomotor to closed
since it was powered on
• Commission bottom blowdown servomotor
Mk8 MM Manual Page | 238

13 Draught Control
13 DRAUGHT CONTROL
13.1 Overview of Draught Control
Draught control is used to manage the excess draught from stacks, in both fire-tube and water-tube
applications, so heat transfer from the hot gases to the boiler tubes can be optimised. Both heat transfer rate
and combustion rate depend on the motion of the flue gases; any changes in boiler pressure can affect the
amount of combustion air entering the burner, possibly resulting in unburnt fuel. An excess of unburnt fuel
can lead to unsteady combustion with dangerous consequences. A tall stack is susceptible to a changing
pressure which is caused be stack temperature and wind velocity. The main benefits of maintain stack
pressure through draught control include:
• Improves heat transfer

• Improves combustion efficiency
• Reduces room heat loss
• Improves flame stability while reducing chance of pilot light failure
• Improves flame retention
• Reduce soot accumulation
The Autoflame draught control stores the pressure conditions at the commissioning stage and modulates
with the firing curve to maintain this, irrespective of changing firing rate and stack conditions. Normally there
is a vertical main stack which has a horizontal cross connection from the boiler flue gas outlet; this is then
connected into the main stack.
The boiler only works at optimum efficiency when all the conditions that affect its operation are held at good
commissioned values. Therefore, under the new arrangement, a butterfly valve driven by a positioning
motor, is placed in the horizontal back flue typically two or three metres from the boiler. A differential
pressure sensor is then inserted into the flue that is between the boiler outlet and the butterfly valve. As
stack energy alters, the suction or pressure would vary at this point. It can be seen that by measuring the
pressure of the draught at the position of the damper could be adjusted to bring the pressure or suction back
to its commissioned value, the complete system would then be operating at optimum efficiency again.
Figure 13.1.i Stack with Draught Control

13 Draught Control
Figure 13.1.ii Autoflame Draught Control
After commissioning is completed, every fuel and air position will have a stack damper position together with
a stored draft pressure. The stack pressure is controlled by air pressure sensor, stack damper and PI loop.
When the system is in run mode the stack damper will be positioned according to the stored commissioning
pressure. If the stack pressure reading measured by the differential air pressure sensor reads a different
condition to the stored value, then the stack damper butterfly valve will be adjusted to ensure that the stack
pressure is brought back to its commissioned value.

13 Draught Control
13.1.1 Parts Required for Draught Control
Depending on the setup, Draught Control may require the following parts:
• Air Pressure Sensor – please see Autoflame Sensors Guide.
A siphon loop must be fitted on the flue for air sensor.
• Positioning Servomotor, this may also require a mounting kit if used with a third-party damper –
please see Autoflame Valves and Servomotors Guide.
• Draught Damper – Available upon request with the servo mounting fitted as standard, please contact
Autoflame for sizes and availability.
Figure 13.1.1 Draught Control installation and wiring schematic

13 Draught Control
13.2 Draught Control Expansion Options
The table below shows the Expansion Options used for Draught Control configuration.
# Default Range Description

80 0 DC: Draught Control Servo Channel
To use a draught servomotor on channel 7 with or without the draught
control function, the draught control expansion feature must be unlocked.
The servomotor is wired to terminals DP-, DP+, DPW, DCI and DCD. For
setting 0 the draught servomotor is optioned off. For setting 1, the draught
servomotor can be set for draught control or just servomotor operation in
expansion option 82.
0 Draught servo disabled
1 Draught servo enabled
81 0 DC: Draught Servo Control Method

0 Autoflame servomotor, 0.1 degree control
1 Autoflame servomotor, 0.5 degree control
2 Industrial servomotor, 0.1 degree control
3 Industrial servomotor, 0.5 degree control
4 IO Unit 4-20mA servomotor, 0.5 degree control
5 IO Unit 4-20mA servomotor, 1.0 degree control
82 0 DC: Draught Control Function

For setting, if the draught servomotor channel is enabled in expansion
option 80, but the draught control is disabled, the servomotor will open
and close according to its commissioned curve, without any corrections to
maintain stack pressure. For setting 2, the MM will make corrections to the
stack damper as the measured stack pressures varies from the
commissioned stack pressure. The draught air pressure sensor is wired to
terminals DT+, DT-, DP- and DP+.
0 Draught control disabled
1 Draught control enabled
83 15 DC: Draught Servo Minimum Angle

A minimum angle for the draught servomotor when the draught control is
enabled in expansion option 82, at all other times other than the closed
position. During commissioning, the servomotor position cannot be set low
than this minimum angle value, except for the closed position.
0 – 90 0O – 90O
84 1 DC: Maximum Compensation

The maximum compensation angle is the percentage of the
commissioned draught servomotor angle. This is the maximum correction
on the stack damper either forwards or backwards, during draught control.
0 10%
1 15%
2 20%
85 5 DC: Delay Before Compensation

This time delay is used for two stages in the burner cycle; once main
flame has been established, the draught control operation will only begin
after this time delay. During firing, correction on the stack damper will only
be made the servomotor is outside of the angle variation tolerance for that
commissioned point, for this time period, see expansion option 86.
1 – 30 Seconds

13 Draught Control

86 10 DC: Commissioned Angle Variation Tolerance
During firing, if the draught servomotor angle is outside of the
commissioned variation tolerance for the time period set in expansion
option 85, corrections will be made on the stack damper.
0 – 60 0O – 60O
87 0 DC: Pressure Tolerance Before Fault

This is the maximum variation from the commissioned draught air
pressure. If the pressure is at this maximum variation or higher for 2
minutes, then an alarm/warning is generated, see expansion option 88.
0 Disabled
1 – 500 0.1 – 50.0 mbar or 0.1 – 50.0 ”WG (see parameter 43)
88 0 DC: Action on Pressure Sensor Fault

For setting 0, an alarm will occur and the burner will stop firing. For setting
1, a warning will occur and the burner will continue firing, with the draught
servomotor will move to the commissioned angle throughout the firing
curve, without any draught control compensation.
0 Draught pressure sensor fault generates alarm
1 Draught pressure sensor fault generates warning
89 15 DC: Pressure Sensor Filter Time

This is the time period over which the draught air pressure sensor
readings are filtered over time. If there is excess fluctuation in the
pressure readings, increase the filter time. To improve the system’s
response to changes in pressure, decrease the filter time.
1 – 60 Seconds
90 200 DC: Proportional Band

The proportional band is an offset from the commissioned draught air
pressure, where the PI control will make corrections to maintain the
commissioned air pressure.
1 – 10000 2.00 – 100.00 mbar or 2.00 – 100.00 ”WG (see parameter 43)
91 5 DC: Integral Time

For a slower response to the changes in draught air pressure, increase
the integral time. For a quicker response, decrease the integral time.
1 – 1000 Seconds

13 Draught Control
13.3 Draught Control Operation
13.3.1 Operation Overview
The draught servomotor can be set on the Mk8 MM for servomotor movement only or draught control with a
pressure sensor to maintain the stack pressure.
The draught control trim functionality follows the same ideology to the EGA, where corrections are made to
air damper to compensate for the changes in exhaust gas values from their commissioned values, caused by
fluctuations in ambient conditions. For Autoflame draught control, corrections are made to the stack damper
to compensate for changes in wind and ambient conditions which cause the stack pressure to differ from the
commissioned stack pressure along the fuel curve.
Once the burner starts up and the main flame stabilised, there is a time delay where no draught control
operation occurs, set in expansion option 85. After this time delay elapses, as the air going into the burner is
increased from low fire to high fire, the boiler pressure may change, and the draught servomotor will move to
follow these changes as commissioned. If the atmospheric or stack pressures have changed from their
commissioned values along the curve, the air damper will either move in the open, or close direction to
adjust the air pressure in the stack back to its set value.
The smallest angle that the draught damper can drive to while running is defined by expansion option 83;
when the burner turns off, the draught damper will go to commissioned closed position to maintain heat
within the boiler.
If draught control is optioned off after being commissioned, then the draught servomotor will continue to
move to its commissioned angular position as the burner fires.

13 Draught Control
13.3.2 Deactivation Window
There is a deactivation window, outside of which no trim occurs, and the air damper remains at the
previously trimmed position until back within the window and trim is required. This deactivation window is
defined by expansion options 85 - delay before compensation and 86 – commissioned angle variation
tolerance. If the draught servomotor has moved more than the set angular degrees “x”, within the time period
set “y”, than no trim functionality will operate, if trim has been performed prior to this deactivation then the
trim is carried forward.
For example, when the burner is first switched on, if the burner comes out of warming in lead-lag control or is
switched from low flame hold to auto mode, there is a high load demand. In these situations the firing rate
may ramp up quickly to meet load demand, at this point if the draught servomotor is required to move greater
than the commissioned angle variation tolerance and quicker than the delay before compensation then no
trim functionality will occur and any trim % will be carried forward.
Figure 13.3.2.i Deactivation Window

13 Draught Control
13.3.3 Draught Control Trim
If within the trim window, the trim functionality is controlled by the maximum forward or backward trim set in
expansion option 84 maximum compensation, and also by the PI settings in expansion options 90
proportional band and 91 integral time. The maximum compensation set in expansion option 84 is the
maximum percentage of the commissioned draught servomotor angle to which the stack damper will trim
negative or positive.
Figure 13.3.3.i Draught Control Trim

13 Draught Control
Figure 13.3.3.ii Draught Trim
Figure 13.3.3.ii shows the draught trim operation to maintain the commissioned draught pressure.

13 Draught Control
13.4 Draught Control Set-Up
13.4.1 Configuration
The draught control servomotor positions, and the stack pressure if using draught control is enabled, is set
during the burner commissioning procedure.
Due to softened error checking, it is recommended to use an industrial UNIC servomotor for the draught
channel; however, a small/large servomotor can be used for smaller applications. The servomotor will need
to be sized according to the torque requirements of the stack damper. If draught control is enabled in
expansion 82, then a Mk8 air pressure sensor is also required, part number MM80005.
For information on installing the draught servomotor and air pressure sensor, please see section 13.1. For
dimensions and technical specification for the draught servomotor, please refer to Autoflame Valves and
Servomotors manual.
The table below shows the MM terminals for the draught servomotor and Mk8 air pressure sensor.
Terminal Description
DT+ Digital communication connections from draught control pressure sensor
DT- Digital communication connections from draught control pressure sensor
DP- 0V supply to draught control pressure sensor and draught control servomotor
DP+ +12V supply to draught control pressure sensor and draught control servomotor
DPW Signal from draught control servomotor, indicating position
DCI Switched neutral – drives draught servomotor clockwise
DCD Switched neutral – drives draught servomotor counter clockwise
When wiring the air pressure sensor, the screen is connected through the casing of the lead and through the
sensor; therefore, the flying lead should be connected to the MM without a screen. The screen should be
carried through until the connection to the MM; the screen should not be connected to the S terminal.
The table below shows the expansions options to be set when using draught control.
Expansion Option Description

80 Draught control servo channel
81 Draught servo control method
82 Draught control function
83 Draught servo minimum angle
84 Maximum compensation
85 Delay before compensation
86 Commissioned angle variation tolerance
87 Pressure tolerance before fault
88 Action on pressure sensor fault
89 Pressure sensor filter time
90 Proportional band
91 Integral time

13 Draught Control
13.4.2 Ways of Using Draught Servomotor
The draught servomotor can be used for draught control trim with an air pressure sensor, or as a draught
servomotor which drives to commissioned positions along the firing curve.
Figure 13.4.2.i Draught Servomotor
Figure 13.4.2.i shows the draught servomotor enabled without draught control trim.

13 Draught Control
13.5 Commissioning Draught Control
13.5.1 Commissioning Checks
Important Note: Prior to commissioning, the fuel and air servomotors must be calibrated to ensure that the
position of the valves and damper correspond to the potentiometer feedback signal as displayed on the MM.
When the valve is fully closed, the MM should display zero degrees. If it does not, please adjust the
servomotor potentiometer.
If the MM is commissioned without an EGA then a combustion analyser is required to check the exhaust
gases. If the system does have an EGA, then a combustion analyser is not necessary as the EGA performs
all normal exhaust gas measurements. When burning oil, a smoke detection device is also necessary to
check that the smoke generated is within safe limits.
To implement commissioning efficiently, arrange for a substantial load on the boiler. The commissioning
procedure can be interrupted due to excess temperature or pressure, causing the burner to turn off; the
commissioning data entered so far is not lost, provided power is not lost to the MM. When the burner is
called back on, the system starts automatically, and commissioning can proceed from where it was left.
Once a start position has been entered, the high fire position is entered next, then descending fuel/air
positions are entered consecutively until finally the low fire position is entered. CH1 and CH2 positions must
always be less than the ones previously entered; however, CH3 to CH7 can be set lower or higher than the
previous position. CH7 is used for the draught servomotor (unlockable expansion feature).
CH1 Fuel valve

CH2 Air damper
CH3 Auxiliary Servomotor
CH4 Auxiliary Servomotor
CH5 VSD 1
CH6 VSD 2
CH7 Draught servomotor (unlockable expansion feature)
On a newly installed system the following procedures should be carried out as listed:
1. Check all interconnecting wiring between the MM and external components is correct.
2. Set options, parameters and expansion options required.
3. Commission bottom blowdown module if optioned.
4. Commission water level probes and external level sensor if optioned.
5. Set up servomotors.
6. Program fuel/air positions.
On a previously commissioned system is it possible to omit steps 1 to 5.

13 Draught Control
13.5.2 Commissioning Screen
Figure 13.5.2.i Commissioning Draught Servomotor
To commission the draught servomotor, go to the commissioning screen by pressing in the

Commission mode screen.
In addition to the CH7, a draught pressure tab is available on the MM screen whilst commissioning if draught
control is enabled rather than draught servomotor. Use CH7 to change the draught damper angle to maintain
the boiler’s ideal stack pressure throughout the commissioning curve.
Note: If on the day of commission, there are extreme conditions such as heavy wind, the stored angles for
the draught damper along the commissioned curve may not be relevant for a day with average wind speed
over the stack.
Go through the burner commissioning process as described in section 3.4 and entered the draught
servomotor positions as required. The draught servomotor cannot be set at a position lower than the
minimum angle set in expansion option 83, all positions except for the closed which can be set lower.

13 Draught Control
13.6 Faults
The table below show the faults which are directly related to the draught control function.
Fault Message Description

Alarm/Warning No comms within 2 seconds from
400 Draught Pressure Sensor Timeout
- option 88 draught pressure sensor
• Check wiring and screen on terminals DT+, DT-, DP- and DP+
Alarm/Warning
410 Draught Pressure Outside Tolerance Pressure is outside of set tolerance
- option 88
• Check expansion option 87

14 Direct Modbus
14 DIRECT MODBUS
14.1 Overview
The Mk8 MM can be accessed remotely in one of the following two ways:
• Direct Modbus access from the Mk8 MM.

• Through a Mk8 DTI connected to the Mk8 MM.
If Direct Modbus is used on the Mk8 MM (for example connecting the MM directly to a Building Management
System - BMS), then neither Autoflame Intelligent Boiler Sequencing (IBS) nor the DTI can be used on that
MM. A Mk8 DTI is required if IBS and Modbus are required at the same time.
There are a limited number of Modbus addresses available on the Mk8 MM which can be accessed directly
without using a DTI.

14 Direct Modbus
14.2 Direct Modbus Expansion Options
The table below shows the Expansion Options used for configuring Direct Modbus.

100 0 Modbus: Sequencing/DTI or Modbus Function
If Direct Modbus is enabled, then option 16 must be set to 0, as Intelligent
Boiler Sequencing cannot be used with direct Modbus.
0 MM/DTI Sequencing
1 Modbus
101 0 Modbus: Modbus Baud Rate

The Baud Rate on the MM should be set the same as the Baud Rate used
on the external Modbus communication program.
0 9600 Baud
1 19200 Baud
102 0 Modbus: Modbus Parity Setting

The parity on the MM should be set the same as the baud rate used on
the external Modbus communication program.
0 No parity
1 Odd parity
2 Even parity
103 1 Modbus: Modbus Stop Bits Setting

The stop bits on the MM should be set the same as the baud rate used on
the external Modbus communication program.
1 1 stop bit
2 2 stop bits
104 1 Modbus: Modbus Device ID

This ID is used to recognise the device on the external Modbus
communication program.
1 – 247 ID number
105 0 Modbus: Modbus Data Format

The binary format on the MM should be set the same as the baud rate
used on the external Modbus communication program.
0 Binary format
1 ASCII format

14 Direct Modbus
14.3 Setup and Configuration
Up to 10 MMs can be linked together and connected to any Management System that supports Modbus
protocol via terminals 27 and 28. Each Mk8 MM needs to be set with an individual Modbus Device ID in
expansion option 104.
The following expansion options need to be set on the Mk8 MM for to configure Direct Modbus.
Expansion Option Description

100 Sequencing/DTI or Modbus function
101 Modbus baud rate
102 Modbus parity setting
103 Modbus stop bits setting
104 Modbus device ID
105 Binary format
The MM communicates using an RS485 data link from terminals 27 (-ve) and 28 (+ve), the connection must
be screened from the MM side only. Belden 9501 data cable is recommended for the communication.
The following terminals are used for Direct Modbus.
Terminal Description
27 RS485 -
28 RS485 +
S Screen
The maximum block of addresses the MM can read and write to is 127, as per Modbus having a built-in limit
of 255 byte packets.
If the MM does not receive any Modbus commands for 60 seconds, the Modbus goes ‘offline.’ You can keep
the Modbus ‘online’ with a simple instruction, such as polling or setting a single value to that individual MM. If
the Modbus is ‘offline’ then remote setpoint and firing rate set via Modbus will be disabled. The only
exception is the enable/disable burner which changes the enable/disable button on the MM on the home
screen, as this change will last until the Modbus state is changed again or the enable/disable button is
pressed again.
If the MM is powered off or the communications is lost, the Modbus address values from the unit will not be
true.
Please check the Modbus settings on your Modbus device before configuring it with the Mk8 MM.

14 Direct Modbus
14.4 Modbus Addresses
There are 4 types of Modbus addresses:
0x Read/Write Digital outputs – off/on commands

These are binary values and have a 0/1
value indicating an off/on or no/yes value.
1x Read Digital inputs – off/on signals/indications
These are multiple integer values and can

3x Read Analogue inputs – variable data in have a value of 0 to 65534 and do not
contain decimal points i.e. channel 1
4x Read/Write Analogue outputs – variable adjustments position Modbus value is 900 which is
equivalent to 90.0°.
Address Type: RWD = Read / Write Digital

RD = Read Digital
RWA = Read / Write Analogue
RA = Read Analogue
# Type Description Details

00001 RWD Enable/Disable MM 0 = Burner is enabled
1 = Burner is disabled
Value changes state of enable/disable button on MM
home screen; changes are kept if MM loses comms with
Modbus device sending commands
10194 RD Running Interlock Status 0 = Running interlock (T53) is off
1 = Running interlock (T53) is on
10217 RD EGA Trim Optioned 0 = Trim not optioned
1 = Trim optioned
Returns value 0 when option 12 is set for monitoring only.
10218 RD EGA is Trimming 0 = EGA not trimming
1 = EGA is trimming
Returns value 0 is actual temperature/pressure is below
trim threshold
10219 RD EGA Cooler Ready 0 = Cooler is ready
1 = Cooler is not ready
Returns value 0 if EGA is in error state
10220 RD EGA Ambient Temp OK 0 = Temperature OK
1 = Temperature not OK
10221 RD EGA NO2 On 0 = NO2 cell not optioned
1 = NO2 cell optioned
See option 36, valid for Mk7 EGA only
10222 RD EGA SO2 On 0 = SO2 cell not optioned
1 = SO2 cell optioned
See option 36, valid for Mk7 EGA only
10224 RD EGA OK to Sample 0 = EGA is not sampling
1 = EGA is sampling
10233 RD Hand Mode 0 = MM not in hand mode
1 = MM in hand mode
10234 RD Low Flame Hold 0 = MM not in low flame hold
1 = MM in low flame hold
10242 RD Disabled Status 0 = Burner enabled
1 = Burner disabled
Returns state of enable/disable button on MM home
screen and same value as address 00001
12001 RD Water Level Optioned 0 = Water level not optioned
1 = water level optioned

14 Direct Modbus

12002 RD Units Imperial or Metric 0 = Imperial
1 = Metric
12003 RD Feedwater Pump State 0 = Pump off
1 = Pump on
12004 RD TDS Units 0 = ppm
1 = µS/cm
12005 RD Water Level Ready 0 = No, water level is not optioned or a water level fault is
active
1 = Yes, requires water level to be optioned and no water
level faults
12006 RD TDS Optioned 0 = TDS not optioned
1 = TDS optioned
12007 RD First Out 1 State 0 = First Out 1 not active
1 = First Out 1 active (does not mean first out has been
cleared)
cleared)
cleared)
cleared)
cleared)
cleared)
cleared)
cleared)
cleared)
cleared)
cleared)
cleared)
cleared)
cleared)
cleared)
30101 RA Load Index Firing rate %

14 Direct Modbus

30102 RA Firing Status 0 = Non-modulating
1 = Modulating
Returns value 0 single point change, fuel flow metering
and commissioning
30104 RA Burner Rating MW x 10
Metric units determined from fuel flow metering
30105 RA Actual Value Imperial: temperature °F, pressure PSI, low pressure PSI
x 10
30106 RA Required Value Metric: temperature °C, pressure Bar x 10, low pressure
Bar x 100
Imperial: temperature °F, pressure PSI, low pressure PSI
x 10
30107 RA Selected Fuel 0 = Fuel 1
1 = Fuel 2
2 = Fuel 3
3 = Fuel 4
30109 RA Channel 1 Position Degrees x 10
Range is -6.0° to 96.0°
Range is -6.0° to 96.0°
Range is -6.0° to 96.0°
Range is -6.0° to 96.0°
30113 RA MM Error Number 0 = System is does not have an error
N = error number, check error codes
30114 RA Multi-Burner ID MM ID number set in option 44
30115 RA EGA Current O2 Value % x 10
30116 RA EGA Current CO2 Value % x 10
30117 RA EGA Current CO Value ppm x 10
30118 RA EGA Current Exhaust Gas Metric: temperature x 10 °C
Temperature Imperial: temperature x 10 °F
30119 RA EGA Current Efficiency Value % x 10
30120 RA EGA Current NO Value ppm x 10
30121 RA EGA Current SO2 Value ppm x 10
30122 RA EGA Commissioned O2 Value % x 10
30123 RA EGA Commissioned CO2 Value % x 10
30124 RA EGA Commissioned CO Value ppm x 10
30125 RA EGA Commissioned Exhaust Metric: temperature x 10 °C
Gas Temperature Imperial: temperature x 10 °F
30126 RA EGA Commissioned Efficiency % x 10
Value
30127 RA EGA Commissioned NO Value ppm x 10
30128 RA EGA Commissioned SO2 Value ppm x 10
30129 RA EGA Error Code 0 = EGA does not have a fault,
N = EGA error
30130 RA Minimum Remote Setpoint Metric: temperature °C, pressure Bar x 10, low pressure
mbar x 100
x 10
30131 RA Maximum Remote Setpoint Metric: temperature °C, pressure Bar x 10,
low pressure mbar x 100
Imperial: temperature °F, pressure PSI,
low pressure PSI x 10

14 Direct Modbus

30132 RA Current Flow Thousands Metric kW
Imperial MMBTU/hr x 1000
Remainder after whole number of MW or MMBTU/hr x
1000 taken away. E.g. 1.5MW gives 500 value and
15.1MMBTU/hr gives 100 value
30133 RA Current Flow Millions Metric MW
Imperial MMBTU/hr
Whole number of MW or MMBTU/hr. E.g. 1.5MW gives 1
value and 15.1MMBTU/hr gives 15 value
30134 RA Fuel 1 Flow Total Thousands Metric kW/hr
Imperial MMBTU/hr
Remainder after whole number of MW/hr or MMBTU x
1000 taken away, x 1000. E.g. 1.5MW/hr gives 500 value
and 15.1MMBTU gives 100 value
30135 RA Fuel 1 Flow Total Millions Metric MW/h
Imperial MMBTU
Whole number of MW/hr or MMBTU. E.g. 1.5MW/hr gives
1 value and 15.1MMBTU gives 15 value
30136 RA Fuel 1 Flow Total Billions Metric GW/hr
Imperial MMBTU / 1000
Whole number of GW/hr or MMMBTU E.g. 1.5MW/hr
gives 0 value and 15.1MMBTU gives 0 value
Imperial MMBTU/hr
Imperial MMBTU
Imperial MMBTU/hr
Imperial MMBTU
30143 RA EGA Current Ambient Metric: temperature x 10 °C
30144 RA EGA Current Delta Metric: temperature x 10 °C
30145 RA EGA Commissioned Ambient Metric: temperature x 10 °C
30146 RA EGA Commissioned Delta Metric: temperature x 10 °C
30147 RA UV Counts Returns value displayed on MM
30148 RA IR Counts Returns value displayed on MM

14 Direct Modbus

30149 RA Flame Switch Status 0 = Off
1 = On
30150 RA EGA Current NO2 Value ppm x 10
30151 RA EGA Commissioned NO2 Value ppm x 10
Imperial MMBTU/hr
Imperial MMBTU
30804 RA VSD 1 Output mA x 10 or V x 10
30805 RA VSD 1 Input mA x 10 or V x 10
30806 RA VSD 2 Output mA x 10 or V x 10
30807 RA VSD 2 Input mA x 10 or V x 10
Range is -6.0° to 96.0°
30830 RA Lockout Number 0 = System is not in lockout
N = lockout number
30831 RA Fuel 1 Type 0 = Gas
1 = Oil
Option / Parameter 150 value
1 = Oil
1 = Oil
1 = Oil
30839 RA Fuel 1 Hours Run Completed hours
30843 RA Fuel 1 Start-ups Number of start-ups on Fuel 1
30847 RA Current Air Pressure mbar x 10
“wg x 10
Parameter 43 value
30849 RA Current Gas Pressure mbar x 10
“wg x 10
PSI x 100
Parameter 41 value
32001 RA Capacitance Probe 1 Signal Hz reading
32002 RA Capacitance Probe 1 Reading Metric: mm

14 Direct Modbus

on MM Imperial: inches x 10
32005 RA Capacitance Probe 2 Signal Hz reading
32006 RA Capacitance Probe 2 Reading Metric: mm

on MM Imperial: inches x 10
32009 RA Alarm Status 0 = No alarm
1 = Alarm
32010 RA Warning Status 0 = No warning
1 = Warning
32012 RA Alarm Code 0 = System is not in alarm
N = Alarm number
32013 RA Warning Status 0 = System is not in warning
N = Warning number
32014 RA Steam Temperature °C
32015 RA Feed Water Temperature °C
32016 RA Steam Flow Rate lbs per hour
32017 RA Heat to Steam Output BTU per lb
32018 RA Feed Water Control Element %
32020 RA Sudden Pressure Drop 0 = Sudden pressure drop not detected
1 = Sudden pressure drop detected
32021 RA Boiler Efficiency %
Returns value 0 if no heat flow function is enabled
32022 RA Economiser Efficiency %
Returns value 0 if no heat flow function is enabled
32023 RA Totalised Steam low word (lbs) Total steam output = steam low word + (65536 x steam
high word)
32024 RA Totalised Steam high word (lbs) Total steam output = steam low word + (65536 x steam
high word)
32025 RA Steam Temperature (°F) °F
32026 RA Feed Water Temperature (°F) °F
32027 RA Steam Flow Rate Kg per hour
32028 RA Heat to Steam Output (KJ/kg) KJ per kg
32029 RA Totalised Steam low word (kg) Total steam output = steam low word + (65536 x steam
high word)
32030 RA Totalised steam kg high word Total steam output = steam low word + (65536 x steam
(kg) high word)
32037 RA Cold Start Status 0 = System not in cold start mode
1 = System in cold start mode
32040 RA TDS Target Value Target value in ppm or µS/cm
32041 RA TDS Measured Value Measured value in ppm or µS/cm
32045 RA Current Draught Servo Angle Metric: mbar x 10
Imperial: “wg x 10
32046 RA Current Draught Pressure Metric: mbar x 10
Imperial: “wg x 10
32047 RA Commissioned Draught Metric: mbar x 10
Pressure Imperial: “wg x 10
32048 RA Time to Next Bottom Blowdown Returns value = (hours x 100) + minutes
e.g. 215 is 2 hours 15 minutes
32049 RA Current Heat Flow Metric: MW x 10
Imperial: MMBTU/hour x 10
32050 RA Current Water Flow Metric: Litres per second x 1000
Imperial: US gallons per minute x 1000
32051 RA External Level Sensor Reading Metric: mm
Depth Imperial: inches x 10
32052 RA Second Low Probe Input 0 = No water is detected

14 Direct Modbus

1 = water is detected
32053 RA Auxiliary High Water Input 0 = Input not active
1 = input active
32054 RA Auxiliary 1st Low Input 0 = Input not active

1 = input active
32055 RA Auxiliary 2nd Low Input 0 = Input not active
1 = input active
32056 RA Combined Water level Reading Metric: mm
Depth Imperial: inches x 10
32057 RA Current steam flow, high word Lbs per hour
Lb/hr This is an extension of the existing address 32016. If the
value gets too large to fit in a 16 bit Modbus register this
address holds any value greater than 65535, in the same
way that the existing registers with high word/low word
work.
Value =( 65536 * high word) + low word
32058 RA Current steam flow, high word Kgs per hour
Kg/hr This is an extension of the existing address 32027. If the
value gets too large to fit in a 16 bit Modbus register this
address holds any value greater than 65535, in the same
way that the existing registers with high word/low word
work.
Value =( 65536 * high word) + low word
32060 RA Makeup water temperature °C
32061 RA Condensate temperature °C
32062 RA Water in temperature °C
32063 RA Economiser input temperature °C
32064 RA Economiser output temperature °C
32065 RA Make up temperature °F
32066 RA Condensate temperature °F
32067 RA Water in temperature °F
32068 RA Economiser input temperature °F
32069 RA Economiser output temperature °F
33001 RA Fully Metered Excess Air 0 = Invalid reading
Reading Valid 1 = Valid reading
33002 RA Fully Metered Current Excess Excess air % x 1000
Air %
33003 RA Fully Metered Commissioned Excess air % x 1000
Excess Air %
33010 RA Fully Metered Current Fuel Metric: kgs x 1000
Mass Flow Thousands Imperial: lbs x 1000
33011 RA Fully Metered Current Fuel Metric: 0 to 999 kgs
Mass Flow Singles Imperial: 0 to 999 lbs
33012 RA Fully Metered Commissioned Metric: kgs x 1000
Fuel Mass Flow Thousands Imperial: lbs x 1000
33013 RA Fully Metered Commissioned Metric: 0 to 999 kgs
Fuel Mass Flow Singles Imperial: 0 to 999 lbs
33014 RA Fully Metered Current Fuel m3 per hour
Volume Flow Thousands
33015 RA Fully Metered Current Fuel m3 per hour
Volume Flow Singles
33016 RA Fully Metered Fuel Flow Meter mA x 10
Current (4-20mA) Signal
33017 RA Fully Metered Fuel Metric: °C x10

14 Direct Modbus

Temperature Imperial: °F x 10
33018 RA Fully Metered Fuel Pressure Metric: mbar x 10
Imperial: “WG x 10 or PSI x 100
33019 RA Fully Metered Fuel Channel Applied correction x 1000
Correction Fraction
33020 RA Fully Metered Current Air Mass Metric: kgs x 1000

Flow Thousands Imperial: lbs x 1000
33021 RA Fully Metered Current Air Mass Metric: 0 to 999 kgs
Flow Singles Imperial: 0 to 999 lbs
33022 RA Fully Metered Commissioned Metric: kgs x 1000
Air Mass Flow Thousands Imperial: lbs x 1000
33023 RA Fully Metered Commissioned Metric: 0 to 999 kgs
Air Mass Flow Singles Imperial: 0 to 999 lbs
33024 RA Fully Metered Current Air m3 per hour
Volume Flow Thousands
33025 RA Fully Metered Current Air m3 per hour
Volume Flow Singles
33026 RA Fully Metered Air Flow Meter mA x 10
Current (4-20mA) Signal
33027 RA Fully Metered Air Temperature Metric: °C x10
Imperial: °F x 10
33028 RA Fully Metered Air Pressure Metric: mbar x 10
Imperial: “WG x 10
33029 RA Fully Metered Air Channel Applied correction x 1000
Correction Fraction
33030 RA Fully Metered Atmospheric Air Metric: mbar x 10
Pressure Imperial: “WG x 10
40001 RWA Remote Required Setpoint Metric: temperature °C, pressure Bar x 10, low pressure
Bar x 100
x 10
After 1 minute of no Modbus communications to the unit,
the MM will ignore this required value and use the
required setpoint set on the MM’s status screen.
40121 RWA Remote Firing Rate Percentage (%)
40131 must be set to 1 to change the firing rate remotely
40131 RWA Remote Firing Rate Enable 0 = Remote firing rate disabled
1 = remote firing rate enabled

15 First Outs
15 FIRST OUTS
15.1 Overview of Firs Outs
When the control circuit has a long series chain of various thermostats and switching elements, it can be
difficult to identify which element has opened the control circuit. With First Outs expansion feature it is
possible to monitor up to 15 different inputs in a series control circuit on the Mk8 MM. Each input responds to
a signal voltage of between 110V to 230Vac.
The First Outs can be configured for active input state low or high. When the active input state is set to low,
the first out is triggered when the input is low, and when it is set for high, it will be triggered when the input is
high. The table below shows the functions that can be set for the first outs.
The First Out logs can be displayed by pressing in the Home screen, which gives information on
the First Out number, trigger time and the time it was reset.
15.2 First Outs Expansion Options
The table below shows the Expansion Options used for configuring First Outs.

110 0 FO: First Outs Function
If first outs are enabled, they can be configured and labelled in
Commission mode and Online Changes. To tie the first outs interlock to
the MM’s safety stat, see option / parameter 145.
0 Disabled
1 Enabled

15 First Outs
15.3 First Outs Configuration
15.3.1 Enabling First Outs
To enable first outs, the following expansion must be set.
Expansion Option Description Setting

110 First Outs function 1
15.3.2 Running Interlock Circuit
The burner will shut down when the MM detects a First Out trigger for the non-recycle and recycle functions.
Local codes may require the First Outs to be tied into the burner run circuit, and it is recommended that they
are connected to terminal 53 on the Mk8 MM. A break in circuit will cause the burner to turn off but will not
cause a lockout.
On the First Outs log screen, the MM will display which first out has failed.
Note: Do not tie in first outs to terminal 54 (air proving switch) to turn the burner off as the MM will lockout
with no air pressure, rather than indicating which First Out has failed.
The schematic below shows an example of wiring First Out to terminal 53 on the Mk8 MM.

15 First Outs
15.3.3 Accessing First Outs
First outs can be configured either in Commission mode or Online Changes. Press in
Commission mode or press in Online Changes to access the First outs screens.
Figure 15.3.3 First Outs main screen

15 First Outs
15.3.4 First Out Function
In the First Outs screen, press on the First Out number to be configured and select the function of first out
when upon the active state set for high or low. Please see section 8.1 for more information on the first out
functions and active input state.
Function When Active Description

Disabled Does not function.
Monitor Burner continues firing, but the events will be logged.
Non-recycle Burner stops firing and the first out must be reset for the burner to restart.
Recycle Burner stops firing and restarts automatically when the input state changes.
Stop EGA Sampling Burner continues firing, but the EGA stops sampling.
Stops EGA Trimming Burner continues firing, but the EGA trim stops operating.
External Stat Used if external stat is optioned.
Figure 15.3.4 Configuring a First Out

15 First Outs
15.3.5 Edit First Out Label
On the Configure First Out screen, press the First Out label highlighted in blue under Touch Label to Edit,
use the on-screen keyboard to edit the name as required, once finished press to save the
change.
Figure 15.3.4 Editing First Out Label

15 First Outs
15.3.6 First Outs Interlock
The First Outs can be directly and automatically connected to the stat circuit on the Mk8 MM without the
need to physically connect the First Outs to terminal 53 on the MM.
The table below shows the settings which must be set for First Out Interlock.
Option/Parameter Description Setting

145 First Out Interlock 1
For Option 145 setting 1 (Enabled), the First Outs will be tied to the burner safety stat circuit T53.
First Out Interlock only allows the First Outs to be configured as:
• Non-recycle or recycle
• Active low
The First Out Interlock function is UL approved.
Figure 15.3.5 First Out Interlock Enabled

16 Heat Flow
16 HEAT FLOW
16.1 Overview
The purpose of Heat Flow Metering is to measure the amount of steam or hot water being produced and to
check the amount of heat this is delivering. The majority of steam plants require Heat Flow Metering to check
how much steam is being generated and used and at what cost, so the overall plant efficiency can be
determined.
Steam or hot water flow meters are very expensive to procure and complex to install, however, Autoflame
Mk8 MM offers a simple, accurate and cost-effective steam/hot water flow metering solution integrated into
the MM.
Autoflame has been granted a worldwide patent on the Heat Flow Metering function on the Mk8 MM.
Note: Fuel flow metering is required for steam/hot water flow metering.

16 Heat Flow
16.2 Expansion Options
The table below shows the Expansion Options used for configuring Heat Flow Metering.

120 0 Flow: Heat Flow Function
Used to enable and define the Heat Flow function as well as enabling a
spare temperature sensor
0 Disabled
1 Steam Flow with Default Values
2 Steam Flow
3 Steam Flow with Economiser
4 Steam Flow with Deaerator
6 Steam Flow with Deaerator and Feed Sensor
7 Hot Water Flow with Default Values
8 Hot Water Flow
9 Hot Water flow with Economiser
10 Steam Flow from Feed Water Meter
11 Steam Flow from Feed Water Meter and Feed Sensor
12 Spare Temperature Sensor Only
121 100 Flow: Boiler Standing Losses

The boiler standing losses are known as the heat lost from the boiler
surfaces and pipework through radiation, and is set as a percentage of the
maximum continuous rating of the boiler.
0 – 200 0.00 – 2.00%
122 100 Flow: Blow Down Losses

This is the typical losses resulting from top blowdown and bottom
blowdown operations.
0 – 100 0.00 – 10.0%
123 0 Flow: Blow Down Loss Calculation Method

For setting 0, a fixed blow down loss is used in the steam or hot water flow
metering, set in expansion option 122.
For setting 1, the blow down loss will change according to the current
firing rate in the metering calculation.
0 Fixed loss
1 Loss proportional to firing rate
124 100 Flow: Make Up Flowmeter Range

The make-up water flowmeter range is only relevant if the steam flow
metering function has been set with deaerator in expansion option 120.
0 – 9999 0.0 – 999.9 litres/s or gallon/s (see parameter 40)
125 100 Flow: Condensate Flowmeter Range

The condensate flowmeter range is only relevant if the steam flow
metering function has been set with deaerator in expansion option 120.
0 – 9999 0.0 – 999.9 litres/s or gallon/s (see parameter 40)
126 80 Flow: Default Feedwater Temperature

If the heat flow function is set for steam or hot water flow metering using
default values, then this default feedwater temperature is used for the
steam or hot water flow metering calculations.
0 – 300 OC or OF (see parameter 40)

16 Heat Flow

127 10 Flow: Steam Flow Start Pressure Offset
The steam flow start pressure is an offset of the required pressure. Steam
flow metering will begin when the actual pressure is within this offset from
the required pressure, as the system would be generating useful steam.
0 Disabled
1 – 100 0.1 – 10.0 bar or 1 – 100 PSI (see parameter 40)
128 10 Flow: Steam Flow Stop Pressure Offset

The steam flow stop pressure is an offset below the required pressure. if
the actual steam pressure below this value, then steam flow metering will
stop.
0 Disabled
1 – 100 0.1 – 10.0 bar or 1 – 100 PSI (see parameter 40)
129 0 Flow: Heat Flow Data Source

For setting 0, the T1, T2 and T3 temperature sensor are wired to the MM,
and the heat flow function is set via expansion option 120.
For setting 1, the same temperature information is fed back to the MM via
connections to the IO module connected to the DTI. The ID number of the
IO module must be set in this option.
0 Sensors connected to MM
1 – 10 Sensors connected to IO Unit 1 – 10
130 0 Temp: Spare Temperature Sensor Function

0 Disabled
1 Coil Temperature
2 Exhaust Gas Temperature
131 0 Temp: Spare Temperature Shutdown Threshold

When this threshold is reached, the burner will shutdown and an alarm is
triggered and the burner shuts down. The temperature has to drop below
the threshold to allow the user to reset this alarm.
0 Disabled
1 – 2000 Degree °C

16 Heat Flow
16.3 Wiring
The table below shows the terminals used for the steam flow metering.
MM Terminal Description
- Common for terminals T1, T2 and T3
T1 Signal input from T1 temperature sensor
F- Common for terminals MF and CF
MF Current input, 4-20mA for cold water make up flow meter
CF Current input, 4-20mA for condensate return flow meter
Boiler Load Detectors – Temperature:
Probe Length Temp. Range Part No.

100mm MM10006/100
150mm MM10006/150
200mm 0 to 400°C MM10006/200
250mm MM10006/250
400mm MM10006/400
4” MM10006/100U
6” MM10006/150U
8” 0 to 752°F MM10006/200U
10” MM10006/250U
12” MM10006/400U

16 Heat Flow
16.4 Heat Flow Function
Heat Flow Function set in Expansion Option 120 can be configured and used in different ways.
1. Steam Flow with default values
The steam flow is a calculated value based on:
• The commissioned Fuel Flow Metering on the MM, enabled in option 57.
• The standing losses are set as a fixed percentage in Expansion Option 121
• The total blowdown losses are set as a fixed percentage in Expansion Option 122
• The stack losses are set as a default fixed percentage value in the MM. If an EGA is enabled then
the stack losses are taken from the EGA rather than using a default value for the calculation.
Temperature sensors terminals configuration:
T1 Not Used
T2 Not Used
T3 Spare Input (Temperature Expansion Feature)
2. Steam Flow
A temperature sensor is used to measure the feed water temperature and the value is taken into the
calculation for greater accuracy.
T1 Input Temperature (Feed Water)

T2 Not Used

16 Heat Flow
3. Steam Flow with Economiser
To be used in boilers with an economiser. The temperature of the water going in and out of the economiser
is measured.
T1 Input Temperature (Economiser Output)

T2 Feedwater Temperature (Economiser Input)
The Economiser screen can be accessed by pressing from the main MM screen.

16 Heat Flow
4. Steam flow with Deaerator
Can be used for systems with deaerators. The temperature of the make up water and the condensate
temperature is measured and used in the heat flow calculation.
T1 Make Up Temperature
T3 Condensate Temperature
6. Steam flow with Deaerator and Feed Sensor
This function is used for systems with a dearator. The flowrate of the make-up water, feedwater and
condensate has to be measured using a flow meter.
The MM Dearator screen displays the live values as well as a history graph for the dearator data.
Temperature sensors and flowmeters terminals configuration:
T1 Make Up Temperature
T2 Feed Water Temperature
T3 Condensate Temperature
MF Current input, 4-20mA for cold water make up flow meter
CF Current input, 4-20mA for condensate return flow meter

16 Heat Flow
7. Hot Water Flow with Default Values
The hot water flow is a calculated value based on:
• The commissioned Fuel Flow Metering on the MM, enabled in option 57.
• The standing losses are set as a fixed percentage in Expansion Option 121
• The total blowdown losses are set as a fixed percentage in Expansion Option 122
• The stack losses are set as a default fixed percentage value in the MM. If an EGA is enabled then
the stack losses are taken from the EGA rather than using a default value for the calculation.
No additional temperature sensor required.
T1 Not Used
T2 Not Used
T3 Not Used
8. Hot Water Flow
A temperature sensor is used to measure the feed water temperature and the value is taken into the
calculation for greater accuracy.

T2 Not Used
T3 Not Used
9. Hot Water Flow with Economiser
T1 Input Temperature (Economiser Output)

T2 Feed Water Temperature (Economiser Input)
T3 Not Used
Hot Water Flow with Economiser on a vertical condenser hot water boiler

16 Heat Flow
10. Steam Flow from Feed Water Meter
T1 Not Used
T2 Not Used
11. Steam Flow from Feed Water Meter and Feed Sensor

T2 Not Used
12. Spare Temperature Sensor Only
T1 Not Used
T2 Not Used

16 Heat Flow
16.5 Steam Flow Metering
16.5.1 Steam Flow Calculation
By the addition of one temperature detector it is possible to extrapolate steam flow from a boiler both as an
instantaneous value and a totalised amount over time. A full Steam Flow Metering package is available with
just the addition of one temperature sensor to the system, avoiding the cost of an expensive steam flow
meter and orifice plate that is typically accurate at the higher firing rates only.
Example 1: Steam Flow with Default Values
The fuel flow metering has been set in option 57 and commissioned for gas. The standing losses are set
default as 1% in expansion option 121. The total blowdown losses are set default as 1% in expansion option
122. The stack losses are set as default in the MM as 15% for oil and 19% for gaseous fuels.
Figure 16.4.1.i Fuel Flow
From fuel flow metering, in the screen above the burner is currently firing at 88% with a flow rate of
24.6MMBtu/hr. The net calorific value of the fuel into the wet side of the boiler can be determined by taking
away the losses from the flow rate:
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 = 1% × 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼

𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 = 1% × 24,600,000 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵⁄ℎ𝑟𝑟
Therefore standing losses currently stand at 246,000 Btu/hr.
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 = 19% × 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖

𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 = 19% × 24,600,000 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵⁄ℎ𝑟𝑟
Therefore stack losses are currently 4,674,000 Btu/hr.

16 Heat Flow
Note: If an EGA is optioned, then the stack losses are taken from the EGA data rather than default system
values, this provides greater accuracy.
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 = 1% × 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖

𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 = 1% × 24,600,000 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵/ℎ𝑟𝑟
Therefore, combined blowdown losses are currently 246,000 Btu/hr.
𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 (𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊)

= 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 − 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 − 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑐𝑐𝑘𝑘 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 − 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙
𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 (𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊)

= 24,600,000 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵⁄ℎ𝑟𝑟 − 246,000 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵⁄ℎ𝑟𝑟 − 4,674,000 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵⁄ℎ𝑟𝑟 − 246,000 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵⁄ℎ𝑟𝑟
Therefore, the net calorific value of the fuel (wet) is 19,434,000 Btu/hr.
The boiler efficiency is determined by:
𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 (𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤)

𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 =
𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
19,434,000 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵/ℎ𝑟𝑟
𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 =
Therefore the current boiler efficency is 79.0%, which is seen on the Steam Flow Status screen.
Figure 16.4.1.i Steam Flow Status
The Steam Flow status screen shows that the feed water temperature is currently at 180.0°F, with steam at a
pressure of 51 PSI and 298.7 °F.

16 Heat Flow
Note: Feed water temperature sensors can be used for greater accuracy.
The amount of heat needed to change the feed water to steam is found by the amount of heat needed to
raise 1 lb of feed water at 180.0°F to steam at 51 PSI and 298.7 °F. The standard steam tables are built in
within the steam flow metering on the MM, and this is then calculated as 1032 Btu/lb. This figure is the latent
heat of liquid into steam (gas) plus the sensible heat components.
The steam flow rate is shown in lb/hr is determined by:
𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 (𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤)

𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 =
𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 =
1032 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵/𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙
Therefore, the current steam flow rate is calculated to be 18,831 Btu/lb.

16 Heat Flow
Example 2: Steam with Deaerator
A common practice in steam generation is the use of a “deaerator” to remove the oxygen from the feed water
and hence reduce the incidence of oxygen corrosion in the boiler and steam & condensate pipework.
The principle of a deaerator is to mix the make-up water with the condensate return and live steam direct
from the boiler in a tank. Flash steam may also be directed back to the tank. The effect is to mechanically
“scrub” the oxygen from the feed water and also to preheat it before it is pumped into the boiler.
In the system as set out above, it is no longer valid to measure the temperature of the feed water just before
it enters the boiler as the inlet temperature for the “steam meter” calculation. This water has already been
preheated by steam from the boiler and therefore this additional energy should not be taken into the software
calculation.
The solution is to treat the boiler and deaerator as one system. The energy into the system is supplied by the
burner and the inlet temperature is the “weighted average” of the condensate return temperature and
makeup water temperature. The outlet steam temperature is measured by a temperature sensor in exactly
the same way as in a system without a deaerator.
First the percentage “Make up“ in the “Feed water” must be calculated.
100 x V2
%Mu =
(V2 + V1)
Where: %Mu = % Cold make up water

V1 = Volume flow rate of condensate return water
V2 = Volume flow rate of cold make up water
Assuming a steam boiler with a volume of condensate return of 40 GPM and make up water of 8 GPM;
100 x 8
Make up % = = 16.7%
(8 + 40)
In order to calculate the second part to establish the “Weighted Average Temperature”, the following
equation is used.
(%Mu x (T1A − T1))

Tave = T3 −
100
Where: Tave = Weighted Average temperature

T3 = Temperature of condensate
T1 = Temperature of make up water
%Mu = Percentage of make up water
Steam boiler with condensate return temperature of 176°F and a make up water temperature of 41°F. From
the above example the make up percentage is 16.7%
(16.7 x (176 – 41))

Weighted Average = 176 − = 153.4°F
100
To implement the above control, the above calculations have been imbedded in the MM to obtain the
“Weighted Average Temperature” (Tave).

16 Heat Flow
16.5.2 Steam Flow
Expansion option 120 set to 2

16 Heat Flow
16.5.3 Steam Flow with Economiser

16 Heat Flow
16.5.4 Steam Flow with Deaerator

16 Heat Flow
16.5.5 Steam Flow with Deaerator and Feed Sensor
Expansion option 120 set to 6.

16 Heat Flow
16.6 Hot Water Flow Metering
Heat Flow Metering is the measurement of the amount of heat being transferred to the water by a hot water
boiler. If the stack losses and the standing losses of the boiler at any moment are known then the remaining
energy is transferred to the water.
From the Exhaust Gas Analyser (EGA):
stack losses = 100 − combustion efficiency
Radiation losses are specific to the boiler, 1% radiation losses are typical for a packaged boiler operating at
Maximum Continuous Rating (MCR). The loss is constant regardless of boiler output.
At 50% firing rate the radiation loss is equal to 2% of the energy input.
The total heat input at any given time is given by the Heat Flow Metering so the instantaneous heat input to
the water we can be calculated, and by integrating these values we can get a totalised value for hot water
flow.
16.6.1 Hot Water Flow Calculation
Radiation Losses × 100

Efficiency % = 100% − �Stack loss + �
Firing Rate
Efficiency
Useful Heat into Water = Total Heat ×
100
Useful heat MBTU/Hr
Volume Flow in lbs/hr =
SP Ht BTU/lb/°F × (Flow Temp – Return Temp)
Volume Flow in lbs⁄hr

Volume Flow in cu ft Hr =
Density of Water at Return Temperature
Since 1 cu ft Hr = 0.124676 US GPM
Volume Flow in US G. P. M. = Volume Flow in cu ft Hr × 0.124676

16 Heat Flow
Calculation Example
A boiler firing at 75% firing rate has a heat input of 20,472,840 BTU/Hr (6MW). The temperature of the flow
(MM temperature detector) is 185°F and the temperature of the return water (T1 temperature sensor) is
167°F. The combustion efficiency is 82% (given by the Mk8 MM). Radiation losses stand at 1% at Maximum
Continuous Rating.
Description Imperial units Metric units

Firing rate 75% 75%
Input 20.47 MMBTU/HR 6MW
Return Temperature 167°F 75°C
Flow Temperature 185°F 85°C
Sp Hot water 1.0 BTU/lb/°F 4.18KJ/KG/°C
Density Water 60.68lb/cuft @176°F 972 kg M³ @80°C
Combustion Efficiency 82% 82%
1% × 100
Efficiency % = 100% − �18% + �
75%
= 80.67%
Efficiency 80.67
Useful Heat into Water = Total Heat × = 20,472,840 ×
100 100
= 16,514,440 BTU/hr
16,515,440
Volume Flow in lbs/hr =
1 × (185 − 167)
= 917,524.4 lbs/hr
Volume Flow in lbs⁄hr

Volume Flow in cu ft Hr =
Density of Water at Return Temperature
917,524.4
= = 15,120.7 cu ft Hr
60.68
Volume Flow = 15,120.7 cu ft Hr × 0.124676 = 1,885.2 US GPM
From the above we can see that by enabling Heat Flow Metering expansion function and adding a return
temperature detector to the Mk8 MM, the following information can be obtained:
• Heat input into the water

• Water volume flow

16 Heat Flow
16.6.2 Hot Water Flow

16 Heat Flow
16.6.3 Hot Water Flow with Economiser

16 Heat Flow
16.7 Spare Temperature Sensor
Spare Temperature Sensor features allows an addition temperature sensor to be used for monitoring either
the exhaust temperature or the coil / tubes temperature on a boiler. This feature also allows the setup of a
temperature threshold for that sensor where the burner shuts down if this threshold is reached.
To use the Spare Temperature Sensor feature, the Heat Flow Metering expansion feature must be unlocked.
16.7.1 Configuration Options
The table below shows the expansion features relevant to the spare temperature senor feature.

130 0 Temp: Spare Temperature Sensor Function
0 Disabled
1 Coil Temperature
2 Exhaust Gas Temperature
131 0 Temp: Spare Temperature Shutdown Threshold

When this threshold is reached, the burner will shutdown and an alarm is
triggered and the burner shuts down. The temperature has to drop below
the threshold to allow the user to reset this alarm.
0 Disabled
1 – 2000 Degree °C
16.7.2 Spare Temperature Sensor Terminal
The use of the spare temperature sensor is governed by expansion option 120.
Heat flow function - Expansion Option 120
If steam flow metring is not used then expansion option 120 can be set to 12 – spare temperature senor
only. If a spare temperature sensor is required with steam flow metring, please see the table below for the
possibility and the sensor number used for this function.
# Setting Spare Temperature Sensor Used

1 Steam Flow with default values T3
2 Steam Flow T3
3 Steam Flow with Economiser T3
4 Steam flow with Deaerator T2
6 Steam flow with Deaerator and Feed Sensor N/A
7 Hot Water Flow with Default Values N/A
8 Hot Water Flow N/A
9 Hot Water Flow with Economiser N/A
10 Steam Flow from Feed Water Meter T3
11 Steam Flow from Feed Water Meter and Feed Sensor T3
12 Spare Temperature Sensor Only T3
A standard Autoflame temperature sensor can be used as a spare sensor, please refer to the Autoflame
Sensors Manual.

16 Heat Flow
Figure 16.7.A: Spare Temperature Sensor configured to measure coil temperature on a vertical coil-tube
steam generator
Figure 16.7.B: Spare Temperature Sensor configured to measure exhaust (stack) temperature on a vertical
coil-tube steam generator

16 Heat Flow
16.7.3 Exhaust Temperature Shutdown Threshold
Expansion option 131 allows a spare temperature shutdown threshold to be set. The burner will shutdown
and an alarm will be triggered when this threshold temperature is reached. This alarm can only be reset
when the spare temperature sensor reading drops below this threshold.

16 Heat Flow
16.8 Faults
The table below show the faults which are directly related to the heat flow function.

440 Warning Temperature Sensor T1 Fault Fault or no comms with T1 sensor
• Check wiring and screen on terminals –and T1

• Check wiring and screen on terminals – and T2


443 Warning Make Up Flow Meter Fault Fault or no comms with make up flow meter
• Check wiring and screen on terminals F- and MF

444 Warning Condensate Flow Meter Fault Fault or no comms with condensate flow meter
• Check wiring and screen on terminals F- and CF

650 Alarm Coil Temperature Shutdown Expansion option 131 threshold has been
Threshold exceeded
• Check boiler’s coil temperature
• Check expansion option 131.
651 Alarm Exhaust Temperature Shutdown Expansion option 131 threshold has been
Threshold exceeded
• Check the exhaust gas temperature
• Check expansion option 131.

17 Fully Metered Combustion Control
17 FULLY METERED COMBUSTION CONTROL
17.1 Overview
17.1.1 Introduction
The fuel-air mixture determines the combustion performance; poor mixing of the fuel and air reduces the
burner’s combustion performance, and in turn, decrease the combustion efficiency. High fuel-rich
combustion results in incomplete combustion, leaving unburnt fuel in the combustion gas. Unburnt fuel
causes soot build-up and releases harmful CO emissions to the atmosphere. Incomplete combustion wastes
fuel so additional fuel is required to meet the load demand, causing higher fuel cost.
On the contrast, high amount of excess air in the combustion process wastes the heat generated by the
combustion process to heat the excess air and also accelerates the combustion gas travel through the boiler.
This in turns require more fuel to meet the demand and wastes fuel and increase costs. The fully metered
system is used in applications where it is not possible to measure the exhaust gases in the stack, or if the
firing rate is critical to system and controlled remotely.
17.1.2 Importance of Excess Air
In ideal stoichiometric combustion, all the fuel is mixed with the exact amount of air for it to be converted fully
to CO2, H2O (N2), releasing heat from the reaction. In the practical world where ideal and laboratory
conditions do not always exist, it is necessary to add more air than that required in stoichiometric combustion
to ensure complete combustion. The equivalence ratio of the combustion is:
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟

𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 =
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑓𝑓𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
(𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑎 /𝑚𝑚𝑓𝑓 )𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖

𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝜙𝜙 =
(𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑎 /𝑚𝑚𝑓𝑓 )𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
Or alternatively, if the volume is known:
(𝑛𝑛𝑎𝑎 /𝑛𝑛)𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝜙𝜙 =
(𝑛𝑛𝑎𝑎 /𝑛𝑛𝑓𝑓 )𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑒𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛
Where n is the number of moles of gas, proportional to the corrected volume.
The excess air is the extra amount of air supplied over the amount of air required for complete combustion,
and can be determined from the equivalence ratio:
1 − 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 =
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
1 − 𝜙𝜙
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝜀𝜀 = × 100%
𝜙𝜙
This can be converted to the wet exhaust gas O2 by:
21%
𝑂𝑂2 =
1
1+� �
𝜀𝜀
Higher excess air levels will give higher O2 values in the exhaust gases. The optimum excess air will depend
on the fuel type, the combustion chamber design and the burner turndown. High performance burners will
operate 3% O2 (dry) when firing on natural gas, which is equivalent to 15% excess air going into the burner,
whilst producing 0ppm of CO. The stoichiometric data in the lookup tables of the software is gives the excess
air based on the fuel and air flow rates, and the calorific value of the fuel.

17.2 Fully Metered Control Expansion Options
The table below shows the Expansion Options used for configuring Direct Modbus.

138 0 FM: Fuel Flow Meter Offset
0 Disabled
1 – 2000 -100.0 to +100.0 m3/hr
139 0 FM: Air Flow Meter Offset

0 Disabled
0 – 2000 -100.0 to +100.0 m3/hr
140 0 FM: Fully Metered Function

The fully metered function maintains the commissioned heat input and
fuel-air ratio based on 4-20mA signals from the fuel and air mass or
volume flow meters. External water level sensor and 4-20mA fuel flow
feedback must be disabled.
0 Disabled
1 Enabled
141 0 FM: Fuel Flow Meter Type

The fuel-air ratio is derived from the mass flow rates of the fuel and air
going into the burner. The fuel flow meter is wired to terminals EX+ and
EX-, and the 4-20mA signal is scaled by setting expansion option 142. For
setting 0, a volume flow meter is used and a displayed mass flow rate is
calculated using either internal constants or via measured
temperature/pressures. For setting 1, a mass flow meter is used to the
display the mass flow rate, when using a fuel mass flow meter, expansion
options 145 and 147 must be set to 0. Setting 2 is the same as setting 0
but for a volume meter with square root extraction included.
0 Volume flow meter
1 Mass flow meter
2 Volume flow meter (with square root extraction)
142 0 FM: Fuel Flow Meter Scaling

The fuel flow meter is scaled by setting the flow rate at 20mA feedback
from the flow meter.
0 – 65535 0 – 65535 m3/hr (ft3/hr)
143 - FM: Air Flow Meter Type

The air flow meter is wired to terminals MF and F-, and the 4-20mA signal
is scaled in expansion option 144. For setting 0, a volume flow meter is
used and a displayed mass flow rate is calculated using either internal
constants or via measured temperature/pressures. For setting 1, a mass
flow meter is used to the display the mass flow rate, when using a fuel
mass flow meter, expansion options 146 and 148 must be set to 0. Setting
2 is the same as setting 0 but for a volume meter with square root
extraction included.
0 Volume flow meter
1 Mass flow meter
2 Volume flow meter (with square root extraction)
144 0 FM: Air Flow Meter Scaling

The air flow meter is scaled by setting the flow rate at 20mA feedback
from the flow meter.
0 – 65535 0 – 65535 m£/hr (0ft3/hr)


145 0 FM: Fuel Temperature Sensor Enable
The fuel temperature sensor is wired to terminal T3. This cannot be used
with the mass flow meters for fully metered, or at the same time as
steam/hot water flow metering, see expansion options 141 and 120.
0 Disabled
1 Enabled
146 0 FM: Air Temperature Sensor Enable

The air temperature sensor is wired to terminal T2. This cannot be used
with the mass flow meters for fully metered, or at the same time as
steam/hot water flow metering, see expansion options 141 and 120.
0 Disabled
1 Enabled
147 0 FM: Fuel Pressure Sensor Enable

The fuel pressure sensor is wired to terminals 31, 32, 33 and 34. This
cannot be used with the mass flow meters for fully metered. The pressure
sensor can still be used for flame safeguard checking such as high/low
pressure limits and VPS.
0 Disabled
1 Enabled
148 0 FM: Air Pressure Sensor Enable

The air pressure sensor is wired to terminals 31, 32, 33 and 34. This
cannot be used with the mass flow meters for fully metered. The pressure
sensor can still be used for flame safeguard checking such as high/low
pressure limits and VPS.
0 Disabled
1 Enabled
149 100 FM: Maximum Fuel Channel Compensation (Firing Rate)

This is the maximum percentage of the fuel servomotor angle which the
MM will move towards the closed and open position to maintain the
commissioned firing rate (heat input). The fuel servomotor angle will never
exceed commissioned high fire position or go below the commissioned
low fire position.
0 – 100 0.0% - 10.0%
150 100 FM: Maximum Air Channel Compensation (Fuel/Air Ratio)

This is the maximum percentage of the air servomotor angle which the
MM will move towards the closed and open position to maintain the
commissioned fuel-air ratio. The air servomotor’s movement ranges from
the commissioned closed position to the commissioned open to close
positions.
0 – 100 0.0% - 10.0%
151 0 FM: Action on Air Adjustment Failure

If after the air servomotor has made adjustments to compensate for the
changes in the flow rate, and the fuel-air ratio cannot still be met, an alarm
or warning will occur. For setting 0, the MM generates an alarm and will
lockout the burner upon on an air adjustment failure. For setting 1, the MM
generates a warning. For setting 2, the MM generates a warning and
disables the air adjustment and the air servomotor returns to the original
commissioned curve.
0 Generate alarm
1 Generate warning
2 Generate warning, disable air adjustment


152 0 FM: Action on Flow Meter Failure
If one of the flow meters loses communications with the MM or has a fault,
the MM can either generate alarm and lockout the burner, or generate the
warning and revert to the commissioned curve with no fuel and air
servomotor trim adjustments.
0 Generate alarm
1 Generate warning
153 1013 FM: Default absolute ambient air pressure

The default ambient air pressure must be set when using volume flow
meters, to derive the mass flow rate used to calculate the fuel-air ratio.
1013 1013 mbar (406.5” WG)
850 – 1100 mbar (341.1 – 441.5 “ WG)
154 656 FM: Fuel 1 Density

The fuel density must be set when using volume flow meters, to derive the
mass flow rate used to calculate fuel-air ratio. This is at 1013mbar, 150C
(14.69 PSI, 59OF)
656 0.656 kg/m3 at 1013mbar, 150C (0.041 lb/ft3)
1 – 10000 0.001 – 10.0 kg/m3 (0.00006 lb/ft3 – 0.625 lb/ft3)

(14.69 PSI, 59OF)
656 0.656 kg/m3 at 1013mbar, 150C (0.041 lb/ft3)
1 – 10000 0.001 – 10.0 kg/m3 (0.00006 lb/ft3 – 0.625 lb/ft3)

(14.69 PSI, 59OF)
656 0.656 kg/m3 at 1013mbar, 150C (0.041 lb/ft3)
1 – 10000 0.001 – 10.0 kg/m3 (0.00006 lb/ft3 – 0.625 lb/ft3)

(14.69 PSI, 59OF)
656 0.656 kg/m3 at 1013mbar, 150C (0.041 lb/ft3)
1 – 10000 0.001 – 10.0 kg/m3 (0.00006 lb/ft3 – 0.625 lb/ft3)
158 0 FM: Action on Fuel Adjustment Failure

If after the fuel servomotor has made adjustments to compensate for the
changes in the flow rate, and the fuel-air ratio cannot still be met, an alarm
or warning will occur. For setting 0, the MM generates an alarm and will
lockout the burner upon on a fuel adjustment failure. For setting 1, the MM
generates a warning. For setting 2, the MM generates a warning and
disables the fuel adjustment and the fuel servomotor returns to the original
commissioned curve.
0 Generate Alarm
1 Generate Warning
2 Generate Warning, Disable Fuel Adjustment


159 0 FM: Flow Meter Filter Length
This is the time period over which the Flow Meter readings are
filtered over time. If there is excess fluctuation in the flow readings,
increase the filter time. To improve the system’s response to
changes in flow, decrease the filter time.
0 1s
1 – 60 1s to 60s

17.3 Fully Metered Combustion Control Operation
17.3.1 Philosophy
The fully metered system will add a layer on top of the standard commission map, with the aim of
maintaining the fuel-air ratio for each firing rate. The system can either directly measure mass flow or use
corrected volume flows to maintain this ratio.
The Mk8 MM continuously measures the fuel and air flows to compensate for any variations from stored
values, in an effort to maintain the commissioned burner efficiency. To compensate for changes the MM will
trim the air damper position to try to maintain the commissioned excess air. In addition, the MM will move the
fuel valve, to try to achieve the firing rate required to maintain the commissioned heat input.
The fully metered combustion control works with the commissioned fuel valve and air damper positions,
storing the mass or volume flow of the fuel and air at each point. The flow data is recorded using two 4-20mA
inputs, which can be the data from a mass flow meter or calculated from volume flow meter. When using a
volume flow meter, the fuel density is used to calculate and display a mass flow using either default values or
temperature and Autoflame pressure sensors.
If variations occur from the commissioned fuel or air flow, the MM will trim servomotors up to an option
limited percentage of their commissioned positions at that time. Unlike other systems, the Autoflame fully
metered operation is based on the commissioned fuel-air curve, so combustion deviations are compensated
for faster than those systems without a base firing curve. Should any faults occur with the meters, the control
can be optioned to revert to the default fuel-air curve to allow the burner to continue to run.
As the fuel valve moves to reach the commissioning firing rate, based on the measured mass flow rate, the
air damper will also adjust to achieve the commissioned excess air, due to proportional change required in
air flow.
17.3.2 Firing Rate
When measuring the mass flow, the control process will aim to maintain the same fuel-air ratio as the
commissioned fuel flow and air flow ratio. The burner’s firing rate can be controlled by the Autoflame internal
PID, external modulation, hand mode, DTI firing rate or Modbus firing rate. Without fully metered combustion
control, the MM would map the fuel valve angle through the fuel flow curve, whereas with this control, the
fully metered system firing rate is proportional to the mass flow. The firing rate is then determined by:
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟

𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 = × 100%
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
The maximum mass fuel flow rate is the fuel flow rate recorded at the high fire position during
commissioning. From this, once the burner commission is complete, the fuel flow curve is mapped out
automatically based on the formula above. This means that if the flow meters fail, the MM can revert back to
the default behaviour and use the pre-stored fuel flow curve. Also, if after commission the high fire position
was moved in single point change, the MM will update the fuel flow curve automatically.

17.3.3 Control Process
The air servomotor will trim to maintain the commissioned fuel-air ratio. The fuel servomotor will trim to
maintain the commissioned firing rate. Both of these control function operate independently if fully metered
combustion control is enabled.

17.3.4 Mass Flow Meters
When using mass flow meters, the fuel and air rates are displayed on the MM, these are based on the 4-
20mA input signals from the mass flow meters. The control process will aim to maintain the same fuel-air
ratio as those set during the commissioning process.
If the fully metered system is set with a fuel mass flow meter, then the fuel temperature and pressure
sensors are not required for the fully metered control; however, the pressure sensor can still be used for VPS
and high/low pressure limits. If an air mass flow meter is used, then again, the air temperature and pressure
sensors are not required; however, the air pressure sensor can still be used for air pressure checking during
burner start-up e.g. purge air pressure proving.
The calorific value of the fuel is used to calculate the excess air, so this must be entered accurately.
17.3.5 Volume Flow Meters
When using volume flow meters for the fuel and mass flow rate information, corrections need to be applied to
derive the mass flow rate. The MM calculates the mass flows using the fuel density and calorific value; these
must be set accurately for the fuel being metered. If a differential pressure sensor is being used the system
can be optioned to perform square root extraction on the input, thus saving an external converter.
Based on the ideal gas flow, assuming that the humidity and the specific gas constant do not vary, the mass
flow rate is related to the volume flow rate by the following equation:
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 ∝ × 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
𝑃𝑃
𝑚𝑚̇ ∝ 𝑉𝑉̇
𝑇𝑇
This formula is used internally calculated in the MM to provide a mass flow rate, this is calculated individually
for both gas and air in the MM using the following assumptions:
Variable Action
Ambient air pressure Average ambient pressure, set in expansion option 153
Differential air pressure Air pressure correction not used (assumed 20mbar)
Air temperature Air temperature correction not used (assumed 20OC)
Gas pressure Gas pressure correction not used (assumed 100mbar)
Gas temperature Gas temperature correction not used (assumed 5OC)
If additional Autoflame temperature and pressure sensors are used on either or both the gas and air, then
the calculated mass flow rate displayed will be more accurate. In the event of a sensor failure, the
temperature/pressure value of the failed sensor that was stored at commissioning of value is used to
calculate the displayed mass flow rate allowing the system to continue to run. If the gas and air pressure
sensors are used also used for the VPS, gas pressure limits or air sensors limits, then the burner will lockout
in the event of a sensor failure.

17.4 Set-Up
17.4.1 Configuration
At minimum the MM will require 4-20mA signals from the air and gas flow meters. If using mass flow meters,
then temperature and pressure sensors for the fuel and air must be disabled for fully metered (they can still
be used for flame safeguard). Volume flow metering requires the fuel air and temperature and pressure
values to derive the mass flow rates. When using volume flow metering, enabling temperature and pressure
sensors will make the displayed mass flow calculation more accurate. Temperature and pressure sensors
should be installed near the volume flow meters.
The table below shows the MM terminals used for fully metered combustion control.
Terminal Description Function

T2 T2 temperature sensor Fuel temperature
- Common Common for T2
T3 T3 temperature sensor Air temperature
- Common Common for T3
F- Common Common for MF
MF Make-up flow meter 4-20mA Air flow rate
EX- Common Common for EX+
EX+ 4-20mA Gas flow rate
31 Digital input signal (brown)
32 Digital input reference (purple)
Gas/ air pressure sensors
33 DC neutral (blue)
34 DC power (red)
When wiring the gas and air pressure sensors, the screen is connected through the casing of the lead and
through the sensor; therefore the flying lead should be connected to the MM without a screen. The screen
should be carried through until the connection to the MM; the screen should not be connected to the S
terminal.
The table below shows the options/expansions options to be set for fully metered combustion control.
Option Description Setting
57 Fuel flow metering 1
61 Fuel 1 calorific value Must be set accurately
Expansion Option Description Setting
140 Fully metered function 1
141 Fuel flow meter type As required
142 Fuel flow meter scaling As required
143 Air flow meter type As required
144 Air flow meter scaling As required
145 Fuel temperature sensor enable Optional
146 Air temperature sensor enable Optional
147 Fuel pressure sensor enable Optional
148 Air pressure sensor enable Optional
149 Maximum fuel channel compensation As required
150 Maximum air channel compensation As required
151 Action on air adjustment failure As required
152 Action on flow meter failure As required
153 Default ambient air pressure As required
154 Fuel 1 density Required for volume flow meter

The current firing rate can be fed back to an external system via a 4-20mA output signal on terminals 16, 17
and 18.
17.4.2 Limitations
When using a volume flow meter, the mass flow rate is calculated using the volume flow rate and either
default pressure and temperature values, or the measured pressure and temperature values.
The MM’s fully metered combustion control is capable of controlling the most common hydrocarbon fuels
including methane, ethanol, ethane, butane, pentane, acetylene and 1-proponal.
For FGR, oxy fuels, hydrogen and special fuels, please contact Autoflame prior to use;
The fully metered combustion control will not work on oil combustion curves.
If fully metered combustion control is used, then neither an external 4-20mA sensor for auxiliary water level
control nor external fuel flow metering using 4-20mA input can be used. When using the fully metered
system, the fuel flow metering is automatically calculated from the flow rate.
If an EGA is optioned, a conflict will occur if the 3-parameter trim is activated.
The gas/air pressure sensor recommission feature is not available when using volume flow meters, if these
pressure sensors need to be recommissioned; a full recommission of the burner is required. This is due to
the pressures needing to be stored at the same time as the required volume flow.
Economiser or deaerator options for steam/heat flow metering cannot be used if the temperature sensors or
make-up flow meter inputs are being used for volume flow metering. The IO module can be used instead for
deaerator.
During running the system can adjust the channel 2 air servomotor from the commissioned closed and open
positions to bring the combustion to the commissioned fuel-air ratio, as the fuel servomotor moves. However,
the rest of the channels can only be moved from the low fire and high position, and not outside of this range.
This means that if the fuel servomotor is at the commissioned high fire position, it cannot move further. The
firing rate is limited to less than 100% and if it is critical to the system operation, then the actual firing rate
should be monitored.
The calorific value must be entered corrected to the 1013mbar and 15OC, see options 61 to 64.

17.4.3 Commissioning
Important Note:
Prior to commissioning, the fuel and air servomotors must be calibrated to ensure that the position of the
valves and damper correspond to the potentiometer feedback signal as displayed on the MM. When the
valve is fully closed, the MM should display zero degrees. If it does not, please adjust the servomotor
potentiometer.
The commissioning procedure as described must be strictly adhered to. Anybody commissioning an MM
must be trained in operating combustion equipment safely. The Autoflame products must only be installed,
set up, commissioned and adjusted by an Autoflame certified technical engineer.
The fundamental idea of the system is to set a fuel valve position and then set a corresponding air damper
position. Care must be taken when adjusting the fuel and air positions so as not to create any unstable or
hazardous combustion conditions, e.g. moving the fuel valve to the open position without increasing the air
damper position. Improper use may result in property damage, serious physical injury or death.
The equivalence ratio and excess air provided on the MM are calculated displays based on setup and inputs
from external sources. The exhaust gases should be monitored using a combustion analyser at all times
during commissioning and for any changes to the combustion curve.
Figure 17.4.3.i Set HIGH Position
For the installation and pre-commissioning checks, please refer to sections 3.2 and 3.3.
The same commissioning procedure for the fully metered combustion control system as the standard
system’s servomotors and VSDs. The difference is that the commissioning engineer can see on the screen
the excess air going into the combustion process and can set the servomotors and VSDs accordingly.
The screen above shows the HIGH position for the servomotors and VSDs being set.

Figure 17.3.3.ii Fully Metered Commission
Pressing on the fully metered tab in the commission screen can show the following, based on how the
system has been set:
• Equivalence ratio 𝜙𝜙
• Fuel flow rate (mass, volume)
• Fuel temperature
• Fuel pressure
• Excess air 𝜀𝜀
• Air flow rate (mass, volume)
• Air temperature
• Air pressure
The table will populate mass flow rates of the fuel and air, and the excess air, for each commissioned point.
The commissioned points can be changed/added/removed in single point change as normal, please see
section 3.7 for more information. Note, if the sensors or the flow meters have a fault, then single point
change feature is disabled.

17.4.3.i Home Screen – Excess Air
The home screen will display the current excess air going into the combustion process.
Pressing on the servomotors will show the fuel-air screens with the following information available:
• Current fuel and air mass flow rates

• Current fuel and air volume flow rates
• Current fuel and air temperatures
• Current fuel and air pressures
• Current fuel and air correction % to maintain the fuel-air ratio at that firing rate
• Current equivalence ratio
• Current excess air
• Commissioned excess air

17.5 Faults
The table below show the faults which are directly related to the fully metered combustion control function.

550 Alarm/Warning – Fuel Flow Meter Fault Less than 3mA signal received from fuel flow
exp. option 152 meter
• Check wiring and screen on terminal MF and F-
• Warning if expansion option 152 is set to 1 and MM will use the commissioned value without any fuel
or air servomotor adjustment
551 Alarm/Warning – Air Flow Meter Fault Less than 3mA signal received from air flow
exp. option 152 meter
• Check wiring and screen on terminal EX+ and EX-
• Warning if expansion option 152 is set to 1 and MM will use the commissioned value without any fuel
or air servomotor adjustment)
552 Warning Fuel Temperature Sensor Fault or no comms with T2 sensor
Fault (T2)
• Warning - MM will use commissioned temperature
553 Warning Air Temp Sensor Fault (T3) Fault or no comms with T3 sensor
• Warning - MM will use commissioned temperature
554 Warning Fuel Pressure Sensor Fault Fault or no comms with fuel pressure sensor
• Check wiring and screen on terminals 31 – 34
• If warning generate, MM will use commissioned value
• Lockout if option/parameters 125/126/127/128 is set for VPS high/low pressure limits in flame
safeguard
555 Warning/Lockout Air Pressure Sensor Fault Fault or no comms with air pressure sensor
– option 148
• Check wiring and screen on terminals 31 – 34
• Lockout if option 148 is set for air pressure sensor in flame safeguard
560 Alarm/Warning – Fully Metered Air Adjustment Air adjustment has reached limit and fuel-air
exp. option 151 Failure ratio still not met
• Check for changes affecting combustion including fuel/air pressure, temperature etc.
• Warning if expansion option 151 is set to 1
• Warning and air adjustment is disabled if expansion option 151 is set to 2

18 Operation
18 OPERATION
18.1 Home Screen
Figure 18.1.i Home Screen
The home screen shown in Figure 18.1.i displays the current boiler setup. It provides operation information
for each component of the burner/boiler in real time. Pressing on components will display further information
e.g. pressing on the servomotor image will show the servomotor position history. This boiler room setup can
be configured to display what is actually on site, please see section 18.19.5 Boiler Room Configuration.

18 Operation
18.1.1 Home Screen Components
Servomotor Variable
speed drive
Flame scanner Oil pressure
sensor
Air pressure Gas pressure
sensor/ boiler sensor
steam
pressure
detector
Boiler Feed water

temperature temperature
detector/ sensor
outside
temperature
sensor
Main fuel valve Main fuel

open valve closed
Pilot gas valve Pilot gas valve
open closed
Control fuel Control fuel

valve open valve closed
Main gas Pilot gas

regulator regulator
Gas flowing No gas flowing
Oil flowing No oil flowing
Combustion air Induced

fan draught fan
Gas flame Oil flame
Capacitance 2nd Low

probes conductivity
probe
#
External level Steam header
sensor for
water level
TDS probe Feed water

pump
IBS EGA
Information Information

18 Operation
Water tube Two Pass Fire

Tube
Three Pass Four Pass Fire

Fire Tube Tube
Cast Sectional Horizontal Coil

Tube Tube
Vertical Coil Vertical

Tube Condenser
Kiln

18 Operation
18.1.2 Faults
Figure 18.1.2.i Lockouts
Press in the Home screen to view the faults, which are categorised into lockouts, errors, alarms,
warning and first out alarms, and are access by pressing on the corresponding tabs.
Fault Type Shuts Down Burner Reset By

Lockout Burner control fault Yes Reset button or input on T56
Error Internal or hardware fault Yes Power cycle
Alarm Critical system fault Yes Reset button or input
Warning Non-critical fault No Reset button
First out Configurable fault Optional Reset button/ auto

18 Operation
18.2 Status Screen
18.2.1 Status
Figure 18.2.1.i Status
Press on the boiler load detector or the boiler image in the Home screen (Figure 18.1.i) to display the Status
screen, which gives the following information:
• Burner rating
• Current fuel selected and type
• Burner starts and run hours
• Current firing rate
• Control method – internal PID control, external modulation or DTI/remote firing rate
• Actual temperature/pressure reading from load detector
• Current setpoint – required, reduced, DTI or external
• Stat status – running interlock T53/ internal stat
• Burner switch on/off offset
• Reduced setpoint
• Indication if MM is firing to meet required or reduced setpoint (red = active, grey = inactive)
• Arrows for adjusting setpoint
Press the arrows to change the required or reduced setpoints. If these arrows are not
displayed, then either the user setpoint change has been disabled (option 15), the DTI is controlling the
setpoint (option 16), external setpoint is enabled (parameter 72), or OTC is enabled (option 80).
Note: Use parameters 29 and 30 to adjust the load detector reading if required.

18 Operation
18.2.2 Status – History
Figure 18.2.2.i Status – History
Press in the Status screen in Figure 18.2.1.i to show the Status History. The setpoint, actual
temperature/pressure and firing rate are displayed graphically.
This data is logged for 24 hours on the MM. Use the buttons to change the timescale of the data
displayed and press and drag on the axis to zoom in/out of the graph.
This information is logged for 2 years on the DTI when connected with the MM.
Note: Power cycling the MM or changing fuel will reset the 24-hour history data log on the MM.

18 Operation
18.2.3 Status – Burner Enable/Disable
Figure 18.2.3.i Status – Burner Enable/Disable
Press and hold for 3 seconds in the Status screen in Figure 18.2.1.i to disable the burner. Press
and hold this same button to enable the burner.

18 Operation
18.2.4 Status – Low Flame Hold
Figure 18.2.4.i Status – Low Flame Hold
Press and hold for 3 seconds in the Status screen in Figure 18.2.2.i to put the MM in low flame
hold. Press and hold this button again to return to normal modulation.
Alternatively, the Mk8 MM can also be put in low flame hold via an input on terminal 95.
If low flame hold or hand mode is selected on the MM screen, this will override an input made on terminal 94
or 95.
Note: If using intelligent boiler sequencing, then putting the MM into low flame hold will remove the MM from
the sequence loop. It will resume sequencing once low flame hold is deselected and after the next scan time
elapses.
Note: If low flame hold and hand mode are both selected, then hand mode takes priority.

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12 Bottom Blowdown

Fault Type Message Description

• Check bottom blowdown controller is powered on and enabled

Mk8 MM Manual Page | 238

13.1 Overview of Draught Control

• Improves heat transfer

Figure 13.1.i Stack with Draught Control

Mk8 MM Manual Page | 239

Figure 13.1.ii Autoflame Draught Control

Mk8 MM Manual Page | 240

13.1.1 Parts Required for Draught Control

Figure 13.1.1 Draught Control installation and wiring schematic

Mk8 MM Manual Page | 241

13.2 Draught Control Expansion Options

# Default Range Description

81 0 DC: Draught Servo Control Method

82 0 DC: Draught Control Function

83 15 DC: Draught Servo Minimum Angle

84 1 DC: Maximum Compensation

85 5 DC: Delay Before Compensation

Mk8 MM Manual Page | 242

# Default Range Description

87 0 DC: Pressure Tolerance Before Fault

88 0 DC: Action on Pressure Sensor Fault

89 15 DC: Pressure Sensor Filter Time

90 200 DC: Proportional Band

91 5 DC: Integral Time

Mk8 MM Manual Page | 243

13.3 Draught Control Operation

13.3.1 Operation Overview

Mk8 MM Manual Page | 244

13.3.2 Deactivation Window

Figure 13.3.2.i Deactivation Window

Mk8 MM Manual Page | 245

13.3.3 Draught Control Trim

Figure 13.3.3.i Draught Control Trim

Mk8 MM Manual Page | 246

Figure 13.3.3.ii Draught Trim

Mk8 MM Manual Page | 247

13.4 Draught Control Set-Up

Expansion Option Description

Mk8 MM Manual Page | 248

13.4.2 Ways of Using Draught Servomotor

Figure 13.4.2.i Draught Servomotor

Mk8 MM Manual Page | 249

13.5 Commissioning Draught Control

13.5.1 Commissioning Checks

CH1 Fuel valve

Mk8 MM Manual Page | 250

13.5.2 Commissioning Screen

Figure 13.5.2.i Commissioning Draught Servomotor

To commission the draught servomotor, go to the commissioning screen by pressing in the

Mk8 MM Manual Page | 251

Fault Message Description

Mk8 MM Manual Page | 252

• Direct Modbus access from the Mk8 MM.

Mk8 MM Manual Page | 253

14.2 Direct Modbus Expansion Options

# Default Range Description