SAP Purchase Requisition Process
SAP Purchase Requisition Process
Purchasing (MM-PUR)
Generated on: 2023-09-15 18:24:06 GMT+0000
PUBLIC
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Purpose
You use this component if you wish to give noti cation of requirements of materials and/or external services and keep track of
such requirements.
“Directly” means that someone from the requesting department enters a purchase requisition manually. The person creating
the requisition determines what and how much to order, and the delivery date.
“Indirectly” means that the purchase requisition is initiated via another SAP component.
The creation indicator in the requisition shows whether the requisition was created directly or indirectly. It is displayed in
analyses of requisitions and in the statistical data of a requisition item (see Analyses of Purchase Requisitions
Purchase requisitions can be subject to a release (clearance, or approval) procedure. For more information on this topic, see
Release Procedure .
Integration
Requisitions can be created indirectly in the following ways:
The component Consumption-Based Planning proposes materials that need to be ordered on the basis of past
consumption or usage gures and existing stock levels. The order quantity and the delivery date are determined
automatically.
Materials planning and control can stipulate that a purchase requisition is to be resubmitted to the purchasing
department if it has not been processed after a prede ned period of time.
A material component with non-stock material or an external service component has been assigned to an
operation and
The indicator allowing automatic generation of requisitions immediately the network is saved has been set in the
network.
In this way, requisitions can be forwarded to Purchasing early in the planning phase.
If the indicator has not been set, the system passes the data on to materials planning and control when the
network is released. The latter component then creates the requisition.
For more information, see the PS Project System documentation (section Material ).
Via maintenance orders (from the PM Plant Maintenance and Service Management component)
For more information, see Planning in the Maintenance Order in the PM Maintenance Orders documentation.
Via production orders (from the PP Production Planning and Control component).
They contain an external processing operation (for example, subcontracting work) A precondition is that the
control key for the operation allows or prescribes external processing.
For more information, see External Procurement/External Processing in the PP Production Orders
documentation.
Note
Texts from externally created requisitions (PS, PM) are copied to the item text of the purchase requisition in
Purchasing.
Constraints
As of Release 4.6C, the purchase requisition in a single-screen transaction (transactions ME51N, ME52N, and ME53N) exist
alongside the "traditional" purchase requisition, which is described in the following sections of SAP Library.
For information about the user interface and functions of the single-screen transaction, see the help area within the application,
which you can show or hide.
The procedure and menu paths in SAP Library refer to the traditional purchase requisition, unless otherwise stated.
Purchase Requisition
De nition
A purchase requisition is a request or instruction to Purchasing to procure a certain quantity of a material or a service so that it
is available at a certain point in time.
Structure
A purchase requisition consists of a number of items, for each of which a procurement type is de ned. The following
procurement types exist:
Standard
Subcontracting
Consignment
Stock transfer
External service
An item of a requisition contains the quantity and delivery date of the material to be supplied or the quantity of the service to
be performed.
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For items to be supplied by subcontractors, you can specify the necessary input materials or components that are to be
provided to the subcontractor for assembly or processing in respect of each delivery date stipulated.
An item of the procurement type External service contains a set of service speci cations. The latter can be hierarchically
structured. The summary view of such a hierarchical structure is referred to as an outline. The outline comprises a number of
levels, each representing a level of the service hierarchy. The ordered quantity and date of performance are set out in service
lines, representing individual jobs or activities. Value limits are speci ed instead of service lines for services or work that initially
cannot be speci ed precisely.
If services covered by an already existing contract are requested, the requisition item can contain a value limit relating to the
contract in question.
Costs can be apportioned among various Controlling objects via the account assignment.
A purchase requisition can be ful lled through purchase orders or longer-term purchase agreements.
The design of the purchase requisition focuses on the needs of the user and supports the user when processing purchase
requisitions.
Features
Fast Change
The fast change function enables you to change data such as the plant and storage location in several items simultaneously.
Select items
You can use the fast change function either for several selected items or for all items.
Select data
If you wish to change the plant, for example, you can select the Plant column before choosing for Fast Change .
If you choose ( Fast Change ) without selecting a column rst, an additional box appears, in which you can choose the elds
you want to change from a list of all changeable elds.
This makes sense, for example, if you wish to change the Closed indicator in the detailed data of purchase requisitions.
You usually order for your Atlanta plant. For this reason, you have speci ed in your Personal Settings that this plant is the
default value in purchase order items.
While processing a purchase order, you notice that certain office supplies have to be ordered not for your Atlanta plant, but for
your plant in Chicago.
Select the relevant items and the Plant column and choose under the item overview.
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You have a choice between conventional word-processing and a new continuous-text editor, which supports functions such as
automatic line-breaks and search and replace.
If the requisition is subject to overall release , the strategy is displayed in the header data.
If the requisition can be released on an item-by-item basis, you see the release strategy in the item detail data.
Release options
Here you see which release codeshave already effected release and which ones can do so next.
(Which participants can effect release and which combinations are possible to secure nal release.)
Here you see which release codes must approve the purchase requisition in order for the purchase requisition to achieve
nal release.
The purchase requisition has been nally (completely) released if no further release options are displayed and the
release indicatorshows the status Released .
The price is to be copied as the net or gross price in the purchase order, even if a different price is stored in the info
record for the relevant material.
The price is not to be copied if a price can be determined by the system (for example, from a purchasing info record). *
als Brutto- oder Nettopreis
This information is available on the Status tab page in the item detail data.
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Account Assignment
You can specify single or multiple account assignments for requisition or purchase order items.
Choose either to switch from the multiple account assignment screen to the single account assignment screen, or to
switch to the multiple account assignment screen.
In the case of multiple account assignment, you can choose distribution by quantity or distribution on a percentage basis.
If you have chosen multiple account assignment, you can copy account assignment data to other requisition or purchase order
items.
Example
You order 10 swivel chairs and 10 desks, of which you wish to assign 5 to cost center 1000 and the other 5 to cost center
2000 in each case.
You enter two account assignment items for the swivel chairs. Select both account assignment items and choose to copy
them.
If you then wish to enter the account assignment for the desks, choose to insert the copied account assignment items.
You then have the choice of inserting the account assignment item just once or several times.
Automatic distribution of the requested quantity among several account assignment items
If you enter several account assignment items, you no longer need to distribute the quantity among them manually. The system
automatically distributes the requested quantity proportionally among the existing account assignment items.
If you change the requested quantity on the item overview screen, the quantity is adjusted in the associated account
assignment items. As soon as you change the quantity or percentage of the account assignment item, no further automatic
distribution can be carried out.
Example
Suppose you have requested 90 swivel chairs, which you have assigned to three cost centers in equal numbers. You now nd
you need 120 chairs instead of the 90 originally ordered, so you change the requested quantity on the item overview screen.
The system then automatically changes the distribution so that 40 chairs are now assigned to each cost center.
You can then create subtotals for plants or materials for instance. Select the relevant column and choose Subtotals .
You can also create subtotals for several columns. For example, you may wish to rst see the subtotal per plant and then, in
addition, the subtotal per material.
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If you x the columns Requisition Item and Material , for example, these columns will always be displayed when you scroll
horizontally.
Choose ( Copy ) to insert the selected documents or items into the current requisition.
Use
The design of the purchase order and purchase requisition puts the focus on the user. Both applications support the user in
entering data (for example, with default values) and are tolerant of user input errors.
You can maintain header data, item overview data, and detail data on one central screen.
It is not necessary to jump between different screens and process an initial screen. You can switch between create, change, and
display modes on the same screen.
Features
Single-Screen Transaction
You can maintain all the relevant data on one central screen.
Header
Here you can enter all the data that affects the entire requisition or purchase order (for example, the partner roles of
your vendor, texts, or conditions).
Item overview
Here you can enter your items with the most important data (for example, material, services, material group, quantity,
and ordering plant).
Item details
Here you can enter additional data for a particular item (for example, account assignment and expediting data or limits
and individual services).
You can expand and collapse all three screen areas individually, thereby also in uencing the size of the individual screen areas.
For example, if you close the header and item details, you simultaneously enlarge the item overview.
Choose in the upper left-hand corner of the relevant screen area to expand the area. Choose to collapse it.
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The document overview contains various purchasing documents that you need for your daily work (such as requisitions,
purchase orders, and vendor scheduling agreements).
You can display all requisitions requiring your attention on the left-hand part of the screen, for example, and start processing
the associated purchase orders on the right.
Personal Settings
Users working with the applications can also have their personal requirements taken into account (for example, default values
and system messages).
You can sort purchase order items in ascending or descending order. For example, you might want to see purchase order items
with the highest price at the top of the list.
You can also display purchase order items according to certain criteria. You can use all the elds of the purchase order item as
lter criteria.
For example, you wish to see only items destined for your Houston plant with an order quantity of up to 30 pc.
If you want to see all the purchase order items again, you can remove the lter.
You can subsequently change the material, item category, or plant in items if you discover a typing error, for example.
You thus do not have to create a new item in such cases, provided that no follow-on documents have been posted.
When entering the vendor/supplying plant, material group, storage location, or plant, you only have to enter parts of the
name instead of the complete number. The system then proposes the relevant data.
For example, if you enter man in the Vendor/supplying plant eld, the system might suggest your vendor Harman and
your supplying plants in Manchester .
You can search for materials by entering a part of the short text (description) for the material in the Material eld. It is
not necessary to know and enter the complete short text. The system then proposes the relevant materials.
For example, if you enter screw in the Material eld, the system will suggest all materials in whose descriptions the text
"screw" occurs.
No Distracting Messages
You have the option of either receiving system messages while processing the relevant document (and attending to them
immediately) or initially entering all the data without such distractions and then dealing with any errors or incomplete
information at a later date, on the basis of an error log.
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You can adopt items from reference documents such as requisitions, purchase orders, or requests for quotation (RFQs) in the
requisition or purchase order you are currently processing, simply by dragging them with the mouse or clicking the appropriate
button.
For more information, see Creating a Purchase Order by Referencing Another Document and Copying Purchase Requisitions or
Items .
Simpli ed Navigation
You access relevant data by a double-click of the mouse or via the Environment menu.
Double-click
You can display the master records for vendors and materials by double-clicking on the relevant eld.
By double-clicking on the outline agreement or info record number , you can display the associated purchasing
agreement.
By double-clicking on a requisition or purchase order in the document overview, you can display either document.
Environment menu
Via the Environment menu, you can access additional sources of information such as change documents, material
master records, info records, stock overview, quota arrangements, or source lists.
Note
You can specify in your personal settings that environment information is to be displayed in a new session.
When entering text, you have a choice between conventional word-processing and a new continuous-text editor which supports
functions such as automatic line-breaks, and search and replace.
For the purchase order, you can use a help area – which you can show or hide as required – to obtain information about the user
interface and functionality.
Personal Settings
Use
Generally, when you re-invoke an application, the last-processed requisition or purchase order appears just as you left it. That is
to say, if the header was closed and the item overview and item details were open, the relevant document will reappear in
precisely this state, with your personalized column arrangement.
In addition to this, you can make further personal settings when using the applications.
Features
Through the personal settings, you can specify that:
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You can specify that a new window (a new session) is opened when master data on a material, vendor, and so on is displayed.
You can choose whether you wish to enter the organizational data in a purchase order manually or make selections from a list
eld.
Your own documents are to be selected from within a certain time period only
You can prede ne the period from which the relevant requisitions or purchase orders are to be taken for the variants My
Purchase Orders, My Purchase Orders on Hold, and My Purchase Requisitions (for example, only purchase orders from
yesterday).
You can specify that the last-used variant is to be displayed in the document overview when you invoke the application.
Alternatively, you can invoke the application without documents being selected via the last-used variant and displayed in the
document overview.
If you wish to use the document overview at a later point in time, you must choose the desired documents via a variant.
You have the option of either receiving system messages while processing the relevant document (and attending to them
immediately) or initially entering all the data without such distractions and then dealing with any errors or incomplete
information at a later date, on the basis of an error log.
You can also specify which and how many of these messages are to be displayed.
To reduce the amount of work involved in creating requisitions and POs, you can maintain default values. This makes particular
sense in the case of data that you have to enter over and over again in every requisition or PO (the purchasing organization and
purchasing group, for example).
You can maintain your personal default values for header and item data.
If you regularly create standard purchase orders for your plant in Atlanta, for instance, you can maintain the default data
accordingly. This data is then automatically inserted into the relevant elds when you create a new purchase order.
Activities
Choose Personal Settings in the application toolbar of the application in order to maintain your own personal settings.
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Error Log
Use
An error log is available for the single-screen applications, which serves to collect all system messages issued whose causes
have not been remedied during the processing of a purchase order or requisition.
Features
An item status display shows you which items are faulty.
You can view the system messages issued during the processing of a PO or requisition by taking a look at the error log. From
within the log, you can process these messages on a collective basis.
Via your personalized settings, you can specify the following with regard to system messages relating to faulty or incomplete
items:
Messages are initially to be collected in a log, allowing you to attend to them at a later point in time.
You will process system messages immediately they appear. (You can specify the maximum number of messages that
are to be displayed to you directly.)
Example
For example, you can specify that you only want to receive error messages (for immediate attention) while
processing your documents. Warning, information, and success messages are not to be displayed but collected in the
error log.
Activities
The error log is processed in the following steps:
1. To access the error log for a PO or requisition item, click on the status displayed in the status column.
2. Select the message you wish to process from the log and choose Edit .
The system takes you to the eld in which data is missing or faulty.
Note
To access the error log containing the messages for all items, choose in the toolbar.
Use
In the document overview, you can display different purchasing documents that you need for your daily work (such as
requisitions, purchase orders, and vendor scheduling agreements). At the same time, you can work on your requisitions or
purchase orders in the right-hand part of the screen.
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Features
The following functions are available to you when working with the document overview:
Choose Documents
You can choose which documents are displayed in the document overview.
Purchase orders
Contracts
Scheduling agreements
Purchase requisitions
My purchase orders
My purchase requisitions
Note
Note that in the variant My purchase requisitions , only those requisitions that you created yourself are selected.
Which data from the chosen documents is displayed (for example, document number, vendor, and material).
How the data from the chosen documents is displayed (for example, all purchase orders for a material or all purchase
orders issued to a certain vendor).
If necessary, you can save your selection criteria as a variant for subsequent re-use.
If you wish to see not only the purchase orders issued by your purchasing group 001 but also those issued by purchasing
group 002, for example, you can change your selection variant for purchase orders accordingly. To do so, choose
Selection Variant Change.
If you no longer need a certain selection variant, you can delete it. To do so, choose Selection Variant Delete.
You can display a certain document (for example, a purchase order) by double-clicking on it in the document overview.
Find Documents
You can search for documents in the document overview (for example, for a purchase order with a certain document date). To
search for documents, choose .
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Refresh Document Overview
You can update the document overview during processing without having to reselect the relevant documents. To refresh the
document overview, choose .
In the document overview, you can display requisitions that you wish to process, for example. When you return to your workplace
after a meeting, for instance, you can refresh the document overview so that it also contains requisitions that have recently
been created or changed.
If you no longer need the document overview, you can hide it. To do so, choose the Document Overview Off button.
Activities
To personalize the document overview, you must carry out the following steps:
1. De ne a selection variant.
Note
If the selection criteria do not suffice, you can choose additional ones on the selection screen by choosing Edit
Dynamic Selections.
2. De ne a layout .
(Specify which data is to be displayed to you from the chosen purchasing documents.)
3. De ne the breakdown .
(Specify how the data from the chosen purchasing documents is to be displayed.)
Use
In the document overview, you can display different purchasing documents that you need for your daily work (such as
requisitions, purchase orders, and vendor scheduling agreements). At the same time, you can work on your requisitions or
purchase orders in the right-hand part of the screen.
Prerequisites
You have activated the document overview by clicking the Document Overview On button.
Procedure
Suppose you want to de ne a variant that shows you all open purchase requisitions belonging to purchasing group 001 that
were created or changed between April 1 and April 30.
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You also want to see the desired material, the quantity ordered, and the desired vendor for each requisition item.
Since you have to process the oldest requisitions rst, you wish to have the requisition numbers sorted in ascending order.
3. On the selection screen, select Open only and enter 001 in the Purchasing group eld.
In the upper left-hand part of the screen, requisition elds that can be used as additional criteria are offered to you.
Display the subnodes for Purchase requisition at that point.
6. Choose to enter further data and enter '04.01.2009' to '04.30.2009' on the Intervals tab page in the next window.
Saving a Variant
3. Choose Execute to carry out the selection. The document overview then contains all the requisitions that satisfy your
criteria.
An additional window appears, in which you can choose the desired elds. There you select Requisition item,
Material, Quantity ordered and Desired vendor, and transfer these elds from the column set to the column
selection.
Choose .
From this menu, choose Choose layout to use an already existing layout.
On the next screen, choose the desired layout and then click Adopt .
2. Choose in the document overview area to choose the layout, and then Save layout.
1. Choose to change the breakdown. An additional window appears, in which you can de ne how the data is to be sorted.
2. Select Requisition item and adopt this eld as a sort criterion from the column set. Choose to have the requisitions
sorted in ascending order.
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3. Choose .
3. Choose if you want to enter the application with the selected layout.
4. Choose to save.
Note
In your personal settings , you can specify that the document overview is to be compiled automatically when you start
the application. The variant you chose before exiting the application is used to select the documents.
Use
You can create, change, and display purchase requisitions on a single screen.
Prerequisites
You can switch between Create, Change , and Display modes only if you have the necessary authorizations.
Procedure
Create Purchase Requisition
To display or change another document, choose , select Purchase Requisition in the next window, and enter the desired
requisition.
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The document overview shows you the purchasing documents according to the last-used variant – unless speci ed otherwise in
your personal settings.
You can copy any purchase requisition items listed in the Document Overview to the document you are currently creating by
selecting the items with the cursor and dragging them onto the shopping basket symbol with the left-hand mouse button
depressed.
You need only enter part of the name in the elds Vendor Material Plant Material Group, and Storage Location . The system is
able to automatically determine the existing vendors, for example, from the text fragment you enter.
If, for example, you have stored a plant and a requisitioner in the Default Values , you needn’t re-enter this data manually every
time. Instead, the system proposes it automatically in each case.
Item overview: for example, material, quantity, delivery date, and plant
If you accidentally entered the wrong material, you can change it without having to create a new item. You can also change the
item category and plant without having to create a new item.
You can carry out a source determination process on the Source of Supply tab page. Choose Assign Supply Source .
If the system determines several sources for a material, these are proposed to you in a list. You can then select the desired
source from this list. The assigned source is then displayed with the green light symbol .
From this list, you can navigate to outline agreements or purchasing info records and carry out a simulation by double-clicking
with the mouse.
If necessary, choose Header Details and Item Details to expand the detail data areas.
Choose in the upper left-hand corner of the relevant screen area to collapse the area again.
A status in the status column shows you whether items contain errors. Click on the status column for the relevant item in order
to process the error.
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To access the error log containing the messages for all items, choose on the toolbar.
Use
When processing purchase requisitions, you can reduce the data entry effort by simply adopting or copying data from other
requisitions.
You can copy individual items or complete requisitions from the document overview into the requisition you are currently
processing.
Prerequisites
It must be possible to display the relevant documents in the document overview.
To be able to copy complete purchase requisitions, you must set up the document overview in such a way that the requisitions
are initially sorted by number and the item data can be shown below the document number.
In this case, the document overview could have the following structure:
Purchase Requisition
Item Material
10000012
10000013
010 Steel 09
How to set up the document overview display is described in the section De ning the Document Overview .
Procedure
1. Select the desired purchase requisition or requisition item in the document overview in order to adopt requisitions or
items of requisitions in the requisition you are currently processing.
2. Click to adopt the selected requisitions or items in the current requisition in the right-hand part of the screen or drag
them into the item overview with the left-hand mouse button.
Note
If you know the requisition and the item, you can also enter them directly in the item overview ( Reference requisition and
Reference item elds).
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Result
The selected data is adopted in the current purchase requisition.
Use
You can create purchase requisitions and purchase orders more quickly by using user-speci c templates or public templates.
Public templates are available to all users.
Prerequisites
You can use templates in the following transactions:
To save and delete public templates that are available to all users, you need the appropriate authorizations (authorization
object Create/Change/Delete Public Templates M_TEMPLATE).
Note
When you copy a user, the user-speci c templates of the user you are copying are copied to the new user master record.
Features
You can create, reuse, and delete public templates and user-speci c templates.
Activities
In the transaction, choose the Save As Template or Load from Template pushbutton. You see a dialog box in which you can save,
load, or delete templates.
When you save a template, you can de ne the template as a public template.
When you load a template, you can decide whether you want to copy header and item data to the new purchasing document, or
only the item data.
Use
You can use this function to temporarily save purchase requisitions and purchase orders for materials and services, in order to
complete the data at a later date, or have another user check whether the data is correct. There are two ways of saving
temporarily. If your purchasing document contains incomplete or incorrect data, you can hold the document and process it again
later. If you have completed your purchasing document and want to trigger a work ow for checking budget data, you can park
the document.
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Prerequisites
To work with this function, you must use the single-screen transactions (ME51N or ME52N for purchase requisitions and
ME21N or ME22N for purchase orders).
Before you can use the park and hold function, you must activate it in Customizing. In Customizing for materials
management, choose Purchasing Environment Data Activate 'Park and Hold' in Purchasing Documents .
Note
Note that you cannot reverse this setting.
Features
You can use the following two modes for saving temporarily:
If you have entered incomplete header data and at least one item for a purchase requisition or purchase order, but want
to complete the purchasing document at a later date, you can hold the document. You can also hold purchase
requisitions that are either incomplete or incorrect when you save them.
By choosing Continue , you trigger the closing check of the document, and the system writes all errors that occur to a
message log. The held document gets a document number and is displayed in the document overview, but no data or
statistics in logistics, controlling (CO), or funds management are updated. Held purchase requisitions are not MRP
relevant. Held purchase orders are MRP relevant. If you create a purchase order with reference to a purchase requisition
and hold it, the data of the associated purchase requisition is updated. If you hold a release order, the data of the
associated outline agreement is updated.
If you want to have the budget data of a purchase requisition or purchase order checked, you can park the document. You
can only park a purchasing document if the closing check nds no errors other than incorrect budget data. By means of a
work ow that you can de ne yourself, an accounting clerk in CO receives a message that budgeting data in a parked
document needs to be checked. To ensure a smooth process ow, users in materials management and controlling should
have the authorization to change, delete, and post documents. Another instance can be responsible for releasing the
documents.
Parked documents are displayed with their document number in the document overview, and errors are written to a
message log. Unlike held documents, parked documents lead to updates in material management data and are used for
evaluations in the system. Furthermore, parked purchase requisitions and purchase orders are MRP relevant.
You can save changes to incomplete or incorrect documents either with the last selected status or with a status denoting
greater completeness. The completeness status of the document ( held or parked ) is displayed in the header line during
processing.
When you process held documents again, you can either hold them again, park them, or post them.
When you process parked documents again, you can park them again but cannot hold them.
Once documents have been posted, you can no longer park or hold them.
Independently of the park and hold functionality for incomplete documents, you can use a release procedure to determine that
follow-on documents can only be created for released purchase requisitions and purchase orders. However, you cannot release
parked or held documents.
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Follow-On Activities for Parked and Held Documents
You cannot trigger follow-on processes for held and parked purchasing documents. For example, you cannot create purchase
orders or outline agreements with reference to a held or parked purchase requisition. You cannot create goods receipts or
invoices with reference to an incomplete purchase order, either.
Purchase orders that you create with reference to a completely saved purchase requisition, and then park or hold, lead to an
update of the purchase requisition data. To ensure that you cannot create held or parked purchase orders that exceed the
requirements of the related purchase requisition, the system adjusts the open quantity and ordered quantity in the item details
of the purchase requisition accordingly. You can then only create further purchase orders for the purchase requisition if the
open quantity is not exceeded.
You can choose to display held or parked purchase requisitions and purchase orders in the list display. To do this, in the
Document Incomplete eld, enter the completeness status you require (H – Held or P – Parked ). If you leave this eld blank, all
documents are displayed, regardless of their completeness status. If you only want to display completely saved documents,
exclude documents with the statuses Held (H) and Parked (P).
Mass Maintenance
You can also change data in held or parked documents with mass maintenance. However, you cannot change the completeness
status that is displayed in transactions MEMASSPO and MEMASSRQ (H – Held , P – Parked, or Blank – Saved completely) with
mass maintenance.
You can also park or hold contract release orders. In the release documentation, you see the completeness status of the
document ( H , P , or Blank ) when you display and change the contract.
Use
You can assign the costs for purchase requisition items or purchase order items to single or multiple accounts. If you use
multiple account assignment, you distribute the costs for a document item to, for example, several cost centers, thereby
creating several account assignment items for a document item.
Prerequisites
You use the following transactions for processing purchase requisitions: ME51N (Create) and ME52N (Change).
You use the following transactions for processing purchase orders: ME21N (Create) and ME22N (Change).
Integration
The commitment for items with account assignments is transferred to other applications (see ).
To update items with account assignments in purchase requisitions and purchase orders in Funds Management (FM), you must
always specify a complete FM account assignment when posting.
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For more information, refer to the documentation for Funds Management under Integration with Materials Management and .
Features
If you assign multiple accounts to purchase order items, you have various options for controlling the distribution to individual
account assignments.
In the item detail, on the Account Assignment tab page, you de ne whether you want to distribute the purchase order quantity
or the net value of a document item to the account assignments, or whether you want to specify a percentage for each account
assignment.
Depending on what you choose in the Distribution eld and which values you enter, the system calculates the appropriate
values.
Distribution by amount
If you choose distribution by amount, the system distributes the amounts for material items, service items, and delivery cost
items exactly to the individual account assignments. The system also includes very small amounts that belong to an account
assignment. It does this using the oating point technique.
Distribution by Quantity
If you choose distribution by quantity, you must enter a quantity for each account assignment item. The system calculates the
amount and the percentage automatically for each account assignment.
Percentage Distribution
If you choose percentage distribution and change the requested quantity on the item overview screen, the system adjusts the
quantity in the associated account assignment items. As soon as you change the percentage of the account assignment item,
no further automatic distribution can be carried out.
Suppose you have requested 100 swivel chairs, which you have assigned on an equal percentage basis to four cost centers – in
other words, 25 percent is calculated for each cost center. You change the purchase order quantity and now order 160 swivel
chairs. The system then automatically changes the quantities of the associated account assignment items, so that 40 chairs
are now assigned to each cost center.
You can create a non-valuated goods receipt for purchase orders and purchase requisitions with multiple account assignments.
You control this using the GR Non-Valuated indicator in the item details of purchase requisition items (Valuation tab page) or
purchase order items (Delivery tab page).
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If you choose valuated goods receipt for your purchase order and specify multiple account assignments in the purchase order,
the system distributes the value of the goods receipt item to the individual account assignments. You can only post a valuated
goods receipt for items with the following account assignment categories:
Cost Center
Asset
For a valuated goods receipt for an item with multiple account assignments, do not select the GR Non-Valuated indicator in the
item details of purchase requisition items (Valuation tab page) or purchase order items (Delivery tab page).
For more information, see Entering a Valuated Goods Receipt with Multiple Account Assignment
Distribution to multiple account assignments for partial goods receipts and partial invoices
You determine how costs are to be distributed to individual account assignments if only part of the ordered quantity has been
delivered and invoiced, by using the partial invoice indicator in the item details of the purchase order. The settings for this
indicator apply to partial goods receipts when you are expecting a valuated goods receipt, as well as partial invoices.You can no
longer change the value of the partial invoice indicator de ned in the purchase order when posting a goods receipt.
If you choose proportional distribution, the partial goods receipt or invoice amount is distributed according to your settings in
the purchase order.
If you choose distribution on a progressive, ll-up basis, the partial goods receipt or invoice amount is distributed to the
individual account assignments in sequence, so that rst the rst account assignment is lled, then the second, and so on until
the invoice amount is reached.
You order 10 pieces of a material at 100 EUR and distribute on an amount basis to three account assignments: 20 EUR to
account assignment A, 30 EUR to account assignment B, and 50 EUR to account assignment C. You choose valuated goods
receipt, and receive a partial goods receipt of 8 pieces at 80 EUR. Depending on the partial invoice indicator, the system
distributes the amount of the partial goods receipt to the account assignments as follows:
Proportional distribution
Account assignment A gets 16 EUR, account assignment B gets 24 EUR, and account assignment C gets 40 EUR.
Account assignment A gets 20 EUR, account assignment B gets 30 EUR, and account assignment C gets 30 EUR.
If you chose valuated goods receipt and enter a partial invoice for a purchase order item without a goods receipt, the system
does not propose amounts from the purchase order for distribution, and therefore ignores your settings for partial invoice
indicator.
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The system distributes planned delivery costs to the account assignments on a quantity, percentage, or amount basis, exactly
as de ned by the distribution key of the item. It is not possible to distribute delivery costs in a different way to the associated
material item. You can display the distribution of delivery costs in the item detail.
In the commitment interface, the system distributes the delivery costs to the same account assignment items as the
associated material costs. You can use both quantity-based and value-based commitment management.
For delivery costs with multiple account assignment, you cannot run goods-receipt-based invoice veri cation.
You can change the account assignment data that you de ne in a purchase order, provided that you have not yet entered a
goods receipt or invoice for the purchase order. When you enter a valuated goods receipt or an invoice, the system proposes the
distribution to account assignments that is de ned in the purchase order. You can change this distribution with the Business
Add-In (BAdI) Enhancement: Multiple Account Assignment (MB_ACCOUNTING_DISTRIBUTE) and in the invoice itself. However,
you can no longer change the account assignment category or the actual account assignments.
In the purchase order, you need not enter any account assignment data if you do not expect either a valuated goods receipt or a
vendor invoice for a certain purchase order item.
Use a customer-speci c account assignment category (for example, a copy of account assignment category U), for which you
have chosen the consumption posting U (unknown) in Customizing for Purchasing under Account Assignment Maintain
Account Assignment Categories. Furthermore, the Goods Receipt and GR Non-Valuated indicators must be selected.
Activities
Multiple account assignment
If you want to assign multiple accounts to a purchase order item, enter the account assignment category for the item when you
enter material and service items. Then enter the required account assignment data in the item details, on the Account
Assignment tab page, and specify on the Delivery tab page whether you are expecting a valuated goods receipt.
See also:
If you have assigned items to multiple accounts, you can copy existing account assignment data to other purchase order items.
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In the context menu, choose the Insert Once or Insert Several Times icon. If you choose Insert Several Times, a dialog box
appears in which you enter a number.
On the Account Assignment tab page, choose Repeat on to get the system to copy account assignment data to the next
purchase order item that you enter.
If you want to enter the next purchase order item without account assignment data or with different account assignment data,
choose Repeat off.
Create assets
When entering account assignment data on the Account Assignment tab page, you can also enter assets. To do this, select the
account assignment line and choose Assets.
If you do not select any account assignment lines, assets will be created for all account assignment lines to which no asset has
yet been assigned.
Use
If you wish to prevent a new item in an external purchasing document from being created from a requisition item, you can block
the latter.
Integration
The requester can block a requisition item in Change Purchase Requisition (ME52N). The block thus imposed is termed the
"requester block".
Note
You can also block a requisition item in Assign Source of Supply to Requisitions (ME56) and Assign and Process Purchase
Requisitions (ME57).
Prerequisites
If you wish to block a requisition item in Assign Source of Supply to Requisitions (ME56) or Assign Purchase Requisitions
(ME57), you must choose the list variant J or a comparable list variant.
Features
If a requisition item is not to be converted into a new purchasing document item, the requester can block this requisition item in
Change Purchase Requisition. To do so, he or she sets the Blocking Indicator on the Status tab page in the detail data for the
requisition item to blocked by requester.
This requester block can only be processed by an employee having the authorizations for Change Purchase Requisition .
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If a requisition item is blocked, it can be released and a source can be assigned to it, but you cannot create any purchasing
documents referencing it.
Use
Authorized persons can use the functions for document release to display a purchase requisition and use their release codes to
effect release, without switching transactions.
Prerequisites
The following prerequisites must be satis ed before a requisition can be released:
Release strategy:
A release strategy must have been de ned for purchase requisitions in Customizing for Purchasing under Purchase Requisition
→ Release Procedure .
Completed version:
If you have activated version management in Customizing for Purchasing under Version Management → Set Up Version
Management for Purchase Requisitions :
In the case of purchase requisitions subject to item-wise release, the version of the relevant requisition item must have been
completed.
In the case of purchase requisitions subject to overall release, the versions of all requisition items must have been completed.
Features
In Release Purchase Requisition (ME54N), as the person authorized to effect release, you can display the current version of a
purchase requisition. On the basis of this information, you can decide whether to release or reject the requisition or requisition
item.
If you are happy with the purchase requisition as it is, choose Release on the Release Strategy tab page in order to effect
release with your release code.
In the case of a purchase requisition subject to item-wise release, the relevant item can also be released with the release code
from within the item overview.
If you have authorization for more than one release code, you can release with all your release codes simultaneously from the
item overview. However, this is only possible if the release prerequisites for these release codes are satis ed.
You can also release several requisition items simultaneously. By choosing , you can release all requisition items that you
selected in the item overview and for which you have authorization for the relevant release codes.
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If you use the layout (display variant)2DEFAULTfor the item overview, you can release an item in the overview by choosing .
If not all the items of a requisition are subject to release, you can limit the display to those that are by choosing . The system
then shows you all items that are subject to item-wise release and for which you have release authorization.
By choosing the button, you can cancel a previously effected release with your release code in Release Purchase Requisition
(ME54N).
If you are not happy with the purchase requisition, you can reject it by choosing Reject on the Release Strategy tab page.
The requester must then cancel the rejection in Change Purchase Requisition (ME52N) by choosing on the Release
Strategy tab page. The requester is then able to process the requisition or requisition item again.
By choosing the button, you can also cancel the rejection in Release Purchase Requisition (ME54N).
If you are using the layout (display variant) 2DEFAULT for the item overview and you:
Refuse to release an item of a requisition (item-wise release), the rejected item is marked with in the item overview.
Refuse to release a complete (entire) requisition (overall release), all items are marked with .
The requester must then cancel the rejection in Change Purchase Requisition (ME52N) by clicking . The requester is then
able to process the requisition or requisition item again.
Use
You create a requisition to inform Purchasing that you need a particular material or service.
Prerequisites
Before you create a purchase requisition, you need to consider the following:
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specify an account assignmentfor the item the account assignment categoryand account assignment data
order a material without a master record the account assignment category andaccount assignment data, the
purchasinggroup, the valuation price, the materialgroup, and the
short text (short description)
order a material for a manufacturer part number (MPN) the MPN material number (see Manufacturer Part Number (MPN) )
create a large number of requisitionsfor the same requirement (for a number, which you can specify yourself,to monitor the progress of
example, for a sales order) the requisitions(the requirement tracking number)
have the delivery date determined by the system(Delivery date = no entry in the Delivery Date eld
current date + planned delivery time for material + purchasing
department processing time)
Note
As a rule, requisitions are processed on an item by item basis. This means that each item of a requisition represents a
separate requirement.
See also:
Note
You can specify that Purchasing is to enter into a longer-term purchase agreement with a vendor (these are referred to in
the SAP System as "outline agreements") on the basis of the purchase requisition. If you do so, Purchasing cannot issue a
purchase order against the requisition: it can only set up such an agreement (either a "contract" or a "scheduling
agreement").
In this case, enter rv (for "outline agreement") in the Document type eld.
1. PressENTER .
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1. For each item, enter the following data:
– Purchasing group (buyer group) responsible for ordering the material (column PGp .)
– Requested quantity
– Delivery date
(If Purchasing is to set up an outline agreement, you will not be able to specify a delivery date.)
– The number of the receiving plant ( Plant column) and the storage location (if known).
1. To review or change the detailed data on an item, rst select the item and then choose Goto Details .
Note
You can have the system assign a source to the requisition by choosing Edit Assign source. (See Optimized
Purchasing .)
Prerequisites
If the requested material has no master record and is to be ordered for direct usage or consumption, you can specify which
consumption account is to be charged. This process is termed account assignment .
For example, you can assign the purchase costs associated with a requisition to your own cost center or to a sales order. The
account assignment category indicates the category of the account to be charged (for example, cost center or sales order).
You can specify the account assignment category in the requisition or in the purchase order (see Account Assignment ).
Procedure
1. Choose Requisition Create .
2.
You can specify that Purchasing is to enter into a longer-term purchase agreement with a vendor (these are referred to
in the SAP System as "outline agreements") on the basis of the purchase requisition. If you do so, Purchasing cannot
issue a purchase order against the requisition: it can only set up such an agreement (either a "contract" or a "scheduling
agreement").
In this case, enter rv (for "outline agreement") in the eld Document type .
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3. PressENTER. The item overview appears.
– Key for the purchasing group (buyer group) responsible for ordering the material (in column Pgp .),
– Delivery date,
(If Purchasing is to set up an outline agreement, you will not be able to specify a delivery date.)
– Material group
– Number of the receiving plant ( Plant column) and the storage location (if known).
6. Choose Goto Details to enter the valuation price for the material on the item details screen.
7. The price should re ect the value based on the order unit.
8. If you entered an account assignment category other than u (unknown), press ENTER in order to enter additional
account assignment data (for example, the G/L account number).
Procedure
2. Enter the number of the reference requisition and - if known - the numbers of the reference items to be copied in the
dialog box which now appears.
3. – If you want to change the selected items before copying, choose Edit Edit Selections Edit Adopt + details.
Make your changes on the item detail screen for each item you have selected.
– If you want to copy the selected items without changing them rst, choose Edit Selections Edit Adopt .
The Item overview screen of the new requisition appears, with the copied items. You can add additional items, or adopt
further items from another purchase requisition.
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4. Save the purchase requisition.
Prerequisites
Before you change a purchase requisition, you need to consider the following:
If the requisition was ... then How do you check the requisition status?
Ordered you must inform the purchasing group Display the requisition statistics(see
Displaying a Purchase Requisition
Approved changes are only possible to a limited Display the release status(see Displaying
extent and may themselves be subject to Release Information
approval
Created by material requirements planning you may not be able to change the Check the requisition creation indicator
(MRP) requisition (see Displaying a Purchase Requisition
Procedure
1. Choose Requisition Change.
– Changing details If the changes you wish to make are not possible on the item overview screen, select the item and
choose Goto Details . You can then make your changes on the item detail screen.
– Deleting items Select the item to be deleted and then choose Edit Delete .
See also:
Who changed it
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What was changed
Procedure
Use
You can change data in a number of different purchase requisitions quickly and straightforwardly, in a single step. For example,
you can change the plant or the requisitioner in all selected requisitions simultaneously.
Activities
The mass-maintenance functionality is accessible from the Purchasing menu under Requisition Mass-maintenance.
See also:
You can also set an item to Closed manually. This item will then not be taken into account by the materials planning and control
system.
You can set the Closed indicator manually at the following points (it can later be cancelled if necessary):
When creating a purchase order referencing a requisition, on the item detail screen of the PO
Note
You can still create purchase orders by referencing a requisition if this indicator has been set in the requisition concerned.
The indicator can also be set in the case of automatic PO generation from purchase requisitions. On the initial screen of the
requisition, you can specify that the requisition is to count as closed as soon as an associated purchase order has been
generated, even if the complete quantity requested has not been ordered, for example ( Set reqs. to "closed" indicator).
See also:
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From the overview screen, you can display the following for an item:
Account assignment with a certain account assignment (e.g. cost center etc.)
Archived purchase requisitions which have been removed from the system and archived.
Note
If you are unfamiliar with list analyses (reports) in the SAP System, you will nd general information in the documentation
Getting Started with the SAP System (Section Reports ). For information speci c to Purchasing, see the section Reporting
in Purchasing .
Procedure
1. Choose Requisition List displays and then the desired type of analysis.
4. By choosing your selection criteria carefully, you can limit the scope of the list in a sensible manner.
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The list is displayed.
Updating worklist
Peripheral functions
For detailed information on archiving purchase requisitions, refer to the documentation Cross-Application Components , under
CA Archiving Application Data (section on MM Materials Management ).
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