2

1 A summary of 30 values of x gave the following information:

Σ x − c
= 234, Σ x − c
2 = 1957.5,

where c is a constant.

(i) Find the standard deviation of these values of x. [2]

(ii) Given that the mean of these values is 86, find the value of c. [2]

3 The following back-to-back stem-and-leaf diagram shows the annual salaries of a group of 39 females
and 39 males.

Females Males
(4) 5 2 0 0 20 3 1

(9) 9 8 8 7 6 4 0 0 0 21 0 0 7 3

(8) 8 7 5 3 3 1 0 0 22 0 0 4 5 6 6 6

(6) 6 4 2 1 0 0 23 0 0 2 3 3 5 6 7 7 9

(6) 7 5 4 0 0 0 24 0 1 1 2 5 5 6 8 8 9 10

(4) 9 5 0 0 25 3 4 5 7 7 8 9 7

(2) 5 0 26 0 4 6 3

Key: 2 20 3 means $20 200 for females and $20 300 for males.

(i) Find the median and the quartiles of the females’ salaries. [2]

You are given that the median salary of the males is $24 000, the lower quartile is $22 600 and the
upper quartile is $25 300.

(ii) Represent the data by means of a pair of box-and-whisker plots in a single diagram on graph
paper. [3]

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2 A summary of the speeds, x kilometres per hour, of 22 cars passing a certain point gave the following
information:
Σ
x − 50 = 81.4 and Σ
x − 502 = 671.0.
Find the variance of the speeds and hence find the value of Σ x2 . [4]

5 The following are the annual amounts of money spent on clothes, to the nearest $10, by 27 people.
10 40 60 80 100 130 140 140 140
150 150 150 160 160 160 160 170 180
180 200 210 250 270 280 310 450 570

(i) Construct a stem-and-leaf diagram for the data. [3]

(ii) Find the median and the interquartile range of the data. [3]

An ‘outlier’ is defined as any data value which is more than 1.5 times the interquartile range above
the upper quartile, or more than 1.5 times the interquartile range below the lower quartile.

(iii) List the outliers. [3]

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6 The weights, x kilograms, of 144 people were recorded. The results are summarised in the cumulative
frequency table below.

Weight (x kilograms) x < 40 x < 50 x < 60 x < 65 x < 70 x < 90

Cumulative frequency 0 12 34 64 92 144

(i) On graph paper, draw a cumulative frequency graph to represent these results. [2]

(ii) 64 people weigh more than c kg. Use your graph to find the value of c. [2]

(iii) Calculate estimates of the mean and standard deviation of the weights. [6]

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3 Swati measured the lengths, x cm, of 18 stick insects and found that Σ x2 = 967. Given that the mean
length is 58 2
9 cm, find the values of Σ x − 5
and Σ x − 5
. [5]

4 The following are the house prices in thousands of dollars, arranged in ascending order, for 51 houses
from a certain area.
253 270 310 354 386 428 433 468 472 477 485 520 520 524 526 531 535
536 538 541 543 546 548 549 551 554 572 583 590 605 614 638 649 652
666 670 682 684 690 710 725 726 731 734 745 760 800 854 863 957 986

(i) Draw a box-and-whisker plot to represent the data. [4]

An expensive house is defined as a house which has a price that is more than 1.5 times the interquartile
range above the upper quartile.

(ii) For the above data, give the prices of the expensive houses. [2]

(iii) Give one disadvantage of using a box-and-whisker plot rather than a stem-and-leaf diagram to
represent this set of data. [1]

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4 The following histogram summarises the times, in minutes, taken by 190 people to complete a race.
Frequency
density

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

Time in
0
100 200 300 400 minutes

(i) Show that 75 people took between 200 and 250 minutes to complete the race. [1]

(ii) Calculate estimates of the mean and standard deviation of the times of the 190 people. [6]

(iii) Explain why your answers to part (ii) are estimates. [1]

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1 The distance of a student’s home from college, correct to the nearest kilometre, was recorded for each
of 55 students. The distances are summarised in the following table.

Distance from college (km) 1−3 4−5 6−8 9 − 11 12 − 16

Number of students 18 13 8 12 4

Dominic is asked to draw a histogram to illustrate the data. Dominic’s diagram is shown below.

Number of
students

20

15

10

0 Distance (km)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Give two reasons why this is not a correct histogram. [2]

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4 Barry weighs 20 oranges and 25 lemons. For the oranges, the mean weight is 220 g and the standard
deviation is 32 g. For the lemons, the mean weight is 118 g and the standard deviation is 12 g.

(i) Find the mean weight of the 45 fruits. [2]

(ii) The individual weights of the oranges in grams are denoted by xo , and the individual weights of
the lemons in grams are denoted by xl . By first finding Σ xo2 and Σ xl2 , find the variance of the
weights of the 45 fruits. [5]

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7 A typing test is taken by 111 people. The numbers of typing errors they make in the test are
summarised in the table below.

Number of typing errors 1−5 6 − 20 21 − 35 36 − 60 61 − 80

Frequency 24 9 21 15 42

(i) Draw a histogram on graph paper to represent this information. [5]

(ii) Calculate an estimate of the mean number of typing errors for these 111 people. [3]

(iii) State which class contains the lower quartile and which class contains the upper quartile. Hence
find the least possible value of the interquartile range. [3]

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6 The times taken by 57 athletes to run 100 metres are summarised in the following cumulative frequency
table.

Time (seconds) < 10.0 < 10.5 < 11.0 < 12.0 < 12.5 < 13.5
Cumulative frequency 0 4 10 40 49 57

(i) State how many athletes ran 100 metres in a time between 10.5 and 11.0 seconds. [1]

(ii) Draw a histogram on graph paper to represent the times taken by these athletes to run 100 metres.
[4]

(iii) Calculate estimates of the mean and variance of the times taken by these athletes. [4]

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1 Some adults and some children each tried to estimate, without using a watch, the number of seconds
that had elapsed in a fixed time-interval. Their estimates are shown below.

Adults: 55 58 67 74 63 61 63 71 56 53 54 78 73 64 62
Children: 86 95 89 72 61 84 77 92 81 54 43 68 62 67 83

(i) Draw a back-to-back stem-and-leaf diagram to represent the data. [3]

(ii) Make two comparisons between the estimates of the adults and the children. [2]

4 The heights, x cm, of a group of 28 people were measured. The mean height was found to be 172.6 cm
and the standard deviation was found to be 4.58 cm. A person whose height was 161.8 cm left the
group.

(i) Find the mean height of the remaining group of 27 people. [2]

(ii) Find Σ x2 for the original group of 28 people. Hence find the standard deviation of the heights of
the remaining group of 27 people. [4]

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2 The table summarises the lengths in centimetres of 104 dragonflies.

Length (cm) 2.0 − 3.5 3.5 − 4.5 4.5 − 5.5 5.5 − 7.0 7.0 − 9.0
Frequency 8 25 28 31 12

(i) State which class contains the upper quartile. [1]

(ii) Draw a histogram, on graph paper, to represent the data. [4]

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5 The table shows the mean and standard deviation of the weights of some turkeys and geese.

Number of birds Mean (kg) Standard deviation kg

Turkeys 9 7.1 1.45
Geese 18 5.2 0.96

(i) Find the mean weight of the 27 birds. [2]

(ii) The weights of individual turkeys are denoted by xt kg and the weights of individual geese by
xg kg. By first finding Σ xt2 and Σ xg2 , find the standard deviation of the weights of all 27 birds.
[5]

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2 120 people were asked to read an article in a newspaper. The times taken, to the nearest second, by
the people to read the article are summarised in the following table.

Time (seconds) 1 − 25 26 − 35 36 − 45 46 − 55 56 − 90
Number of people 4 24 38 34 20

Calculate estimates of the mean and standard deviation of the reading times. [5]

100

90

80

70
Cumulative frequency

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Time in seconds

In an open-plan office there are 88 computers. The times taken by these 88 computers to access a
particular web page are represented in the cumulative frequency diagram.

(i) On graph paper draw a box-and-whisker plot to summarise this information. [4]

An ‘outlier’ is defined as any data value which is more than 1.5 times the interquartile range above
the upper quartile, or more than 1.5 times the interquartile range below the lower quartile.

(ii) Show that there are no outliers. [2]

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6 Seventy samples of fertiliser were collected and the nitrogen content was measured for each sample.
The cumulative frequency distribution is shown in the table below.

Nitrogen content ≤ 3.5 ≤ 3.8 ≤ 4.0 ≤ 4.2 ≤ 4.5 ≤ 4.8

Cumulative frequency 0 6 18 41 62 70

(i) On graph paper draw a cumulative frequency graph to represent the data. [3]

(ii) Estimate the percentage of samples with a nitrogen content greater than 4.4. [2]

(iii) Estimate the median. [1]

(iv) Construct the frequency table for these results and draw a histogram on graph paper. [5]

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3 Robert has a part-time job delivering newspapers. On a number of days he noted the time, correct to
the nearest minute, that it took him to do his job. Robert used his results to draw up the following
table; two of the values in the table are denoted by a and b.

Time (t minutes) 60 − 62 63 − 64 65 − 67 68 − 71
Frequency (number of days) 3 9 6 b
Frequency density 1 a 2 1.5

(i) Find the values of a and b. [3]

(ii) On graph paper, draw a histogram to represent Robert’s times. [3]

4 (a) Amy measured her pulse rate while resting, x beats per minute, at the same time each day on
30 days. The results are summarised below.

Σ x − 80
= −147 Σ x − 80
2 = 952

Find the mean and standard deviation of Amy’s pulse rate. [4]

(b) Amy’s friend Marok measured her pulse rate every day after running for half an hour. Marok’s
pulse rate, in beats per minute, was found to have a mean of 148.6 and a standard deviation of
18.5. Assuming that pulse rates have a normal distribution, find what proportion of Marok’s
pulse rates, after running for half an hour, were above 160 beats per minute. [3]

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1 For n values of the variable x, it is given that Σ x − 100
= 216 and Σ x = 2416. Find the value of n.
[3]

5 The weights, in kilograms, of the 15 rugby players in each of two teams, A and B, are shown below.

Team A 97 98 104 84 100 109 115 99 122 82 116 96 84 107 91

Team B 75 79 94 101 96 77 111 108 83 84 86 115 82 113 95

(i) Represent the data by drawing a back-to-back stem-and-leaf diagram with team A on the left-
hand side of the diagram and team B on the right-hand side. [4]

(ii) Find the interquartile range of the weights of the players in team A. [2]

(iii) A new player joins team B as a substitute. The mean weight of the 16 players in team B is now
93.9 kg. Find the weight of the new player. [3]

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1 The time taken, t hours, to deliver letters on a particular route each day is measured on 250 working
days. The mean time taken is 2.8 hours. Given that Σ t − 2.5
2 = 96.1, find the standard deviation of
the times taken. [3]

6 The heights to the nearest metre of 134 office buildings in a certain city are summarised in the table
below.
Height (m) 21 − 40 41 − 45 46 − 50 51 − 60 61 − 80
Frequency 18 15 21 52 28

(i) Draw a histogram on graph paper to illustrate the data. [4]

(ii) Calculate estimates of the mean and standard deviation of these heights. [5]

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7 The amounts spent by 160 shoppers at a supermarket are summarised in the following table.

Amount spent ($x) 0 < x ≤ 30 30 < x ≤ 50 50 < x ≤ 70 70 < x ≤ 90 90 < x ≤ 140

Number of shoppers 16 40 48 26 30

(i) Draw a cumulative frequency graph of this distribution. [4]

(ii) Estimate the median and the interquartile range of the amount spent. [3]

(iii) Estimate the number of shoppers who spent more than $115. [2]

(iv) Calculate an estimate of the mean amount spent. [2]

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5 The following are the maximum daily wind speeds in kilometres per hour for the first two weeks in
April for two towns, Bronlea and Rogate.

Bronlea 21 45 6 33 27 3 32 14 28 24 13 17 25 22
Rogate 7 5 4 15 23 7 11 13 26 18 23 16 10 34

(i) Draw a back-to-back stem-and-leaf diagram to represent this information. [5]

(ii) Write down the median of the maximum wind speeds for Bronlea and find the interquartile range
for Rogate. [3]

(iii) Use your diagram to make one comparison between the maximum wind speeds in the two towns.
[1]

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2 A group of children played a computer game which measured their time in seconds to perform a
certain task. A summary of the times taken by girls and boys in the group is shown below.

Minimum Lower quartile Median Upper quartile Maximum

Girls 5 5.5 7 9 13
Boys 4 6 8.5 11 16

(i) On graph paper, draw two box-and-whisker plots in a single diagram to illustrate the times taken
by girls and boys to perform this task. [3]

(ii) State two comparisons of the times taken by girls and boys. [2]

4 The monthly rental prices, $x, for 9 apartments in a certain city are listed and are summarised as
follows.
Σ x − c
= 1845 Σ x − c
2 = 477 450
The mean monthly rental price is $2205.

(i) Find the value of the constant c. [2]

(ii) Find the variance of these values of x. [2]

(iii) Another apartment is added to the list. The mean monthly rental price is now $2120.50. Find
the rental price of this additional apartment. [2]

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