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Final Project ##

This document presents 6 proofs of the Pythagorean theorem. It was submitted by 4 students for their Bachelor's degree in mathematics at the University of Jordan, supervised by Dr. Hasan Hdeib. The Pythagorean theorem states that the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the two sides. The proofs included geometric proofs using properties of circles and triangles, as well as algebraic proofs using trigonometric identities and similar triangles.

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shoshoadnan25
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17 views11 pages

Final Project ##

This document presents 6 proofs of the Pythagorean theorem. It was submitted by 4 students for their Bachelor's degree in mathematics at the University of Jordan, supervised by Dr. Hasan Hdeib. The Pythagorean theorem states that the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the two sides. The proofs included geometric proofs using properties of circles and triangles, as well as algebraic proofs using trigonometric identities and similar triangles.

Uploaded by

shoshoadnan25
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONFORMABLE

BROOFS OF PHYTHAGOREAN THEOREM

This Report was SUBMITTED INPARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR


THE BACHELOR’S DEGREE SCIENCE IN MATHMATICS

WRITTEN BY
Raghad Amer 0182492
Ensherah Adnan 0193776
Islam Khalif 0193362
Ayat AL-awawdeh 0195135

The University of Jordan


Department of mathematics

SUPERVISOR
DR. Hasan Hdeib
2024
BROOFS OF PHYTHAGOREAN THEOREM

Introduction,

The phythagorean theorem is one of the oldest and most important theories ,that
has existed since ancient times ,whether in the field of Euclidean geometry or
mathematics.

Everyone still uses this theory until now , this name was given to the theory after
its owner ,the scientist phythagoras ,who was a mathematician ,philosopher, and
astronomer as well.
The uses of this theory do not stop only in mathematics, but are also used in both
chemistry and physics .It is also used in marine and space sciences, and is used in
diagrams and engineering installations.
Therefore, the importance of the phythagorean theorem in mathematics is great!

So, there are well over than 371 phythagorean theorem proofs origionally
collected and put into a book in 1927.
Some of these proofs are geometric and the others are algebric using
trigonometric identities .
In this project , we study some proofs of phythagorean theorem.
(1) we want to prove the phythagorean theorem , which states that : the square
of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of squares of the two sides.

*proof:

*By Geometry theory : Any triangle can be drawn a circle inside it.

Firstly: we draw a triangle


Then: we draw a circle inside it so that the hypotenuse of the triangle becomes
tangent to the circle.

C = b-r + a-r
C = a + b - 2r …(1)
2r = a + b - c
Let p = semipermeter of the triangle

C = 2p - a - b …(2)

P-c=r

×4
2ab = ( a + b + c )(a + b - c )
(2) The second way to prove the phythagorean theorem :

*consider the triangle

- Firstly , we draw a circle with center A


- Then ,we draw the triangle
- A theorem in geometry say that :
The square of the tangent is equal to the product of the two parts .

K B
A

(BL)(BK) = (BH)(BA)

The proof :
(3) The Third way to prove the Pythagorean theorem:

Consider the identical right triangles Δ ABC, Δ AEF.


- Draw CD such that BD = a
- Draw FG such that FG = a
- Let α, β are values of the angles.

- Thus CD // EG we have two alternate interior angles

- Thus Δ ACD, Δ AGE are similar


𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
- Hence, = →
𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐺
(4) The fourth way to prove the Pythagorean theorem :

Let Δ ABC be aright triangle at C.


- Draw the altitude from C to the hypotenuse.
- Let p the foot at this altitude.
-

Also it is lies on another circle whose diameter is CB

Let x = PB and y = AP

Then b2 = yc and a2 = xc

a2 + b2 = c (x + y) but c=x+y
Then a2 + b2 = c2

(5) The fifth way to prove the Pythagorean theorem

Consider the Right triangle whose sides have lengths a, b , c construct the
following diagram , The triangle Δ ABC and Δ DEC are similar

((These triangles are similar because their corresponding angles are equal,
Then the corresponding sides are proportional))
𝒃 𝒄 𝒂
= =
𝒅 𝒂+𝒅 𝒃+𝒄
Area (ΔEDC)=Area ( ABDE)+ Area (ΔABC)

By multiplying both sides by 2 then ,

b a = bd + cd - 2bd
b a = cd - bd
b a = d (c - b)

then
(6) The sixth way to prove the Pythagorean theorem

let ΔABC, ΔDEF be two right congruent triangle, where


AB = DE = c
BC = EF = a
AC = DF = b
AE = AC+CE = b+ CE

Now, ΔBCE, ΔDFE are similar triangles

Comparing (1) and (2) we get,

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