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10 Physics

The document contains class notes on electricity that includes examples of calculating current, resistance, and power in different circuit configurations. It discusses how to determine the number of light bulbs that can connect in parallel to a power supply based on voltage, wattage and current limits. It also shows calculations for currents in circuits with resistors in series and parallel and compares the power used by resistors in different circuits.

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Tapas Banerjee
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30 views4 pages

10 Physics

The document contains class notes on electricity that includes examples of calculating current, resistance, and power in different circuit configurations. It discusses how to determine the number of light bulbs that can connect in parallel to a power supply based on voltage, wattage and current limits. It also shows calculations for currents in circuits with resistors in series and parallel and compares the power used by resistors in different circuits.

Uploaded by

Tapas Banerjee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Class Notes

Class: X Topic: ELECTRICITY EXERCISE ( CONTINUED)

Subject: PHYSICS

12. Several electric bulbs designed to be used on a 220 V electric supply line, are rated 10 W.
How many lamps can be connected in parallel with each other across the two wires of 220 V
line if the maximum allowable current is 5 A?
Solution:
The resistance of the bulb can be calculated using the expression
P1 = V2/R1
R1 = V2/P1
Substituting the values, we get

Hence, 110 lamps can be connected in parallel.


13. A hot plate of an electric oven connected to a 220 V line has two resistance coils A and B,
each of 24 Ω resistance, which may be used separately, in series, or in parallel. What are the
currents in the three cases?
Solution:
Case (i) When coils are used separately
Using Ohm’s law, we can find the current flowing through each coil as follows:

9.166 A of current flows through each resistor when they are used separately.
Case (ii) When coils connected in series
The total resistance in the series circuit is 24 Ω + 24 Ω = 48 Ω
The current flowing through the series circuit is calculated as follows:

Therefore, a current of 4.58 A flows through the series circuit.


Case (iii) When coils connected in parallel
When the coils are connected in parallel, the equivalent resistance is calculated as follows:

The current in the parallel circuit is 18.33 A.


14. Compare the power used in the 2 Ω resistor in each of the following circuits: (i) a 6 V
battery in series with 1 Ω and 2 Ω resistors, and (ii) a 4 V battery in parallel with 12 Ω and 2 Ω
resistors.
Solution:
(i) The potential difference is 6 V and the resistors 1 Ω and 2 Ω are connected in series,
hence their equivalent resistance is given by 1 Ω + 2 Ω = 3 Ω. The current in the circuit
can be calculated using the Ohm’s law as follows:

Therefore, the power consumed by the 2 Ω is 8 W.


(ii) When 12 Ω and 2 Ω resistors are connected in parallel, the voltage across the resistors
remains the same. Knowing that the voltage across 2 Ω resistor is 4 V, we can calculate
the power consumed by the resistor as follows:

The power consumed by the 2 Ω resistor is 8 W.


15. Two lamps, one rated 100 W at 220 V, and the other 60 W at 220 V, are connected in
parallel to electric mains supply. What current is drawn from the line if the supply voltage is
220 V?
Solution:
Since both the bulbs are connected in parallel, the voltage across each of them will be the same.
Current drawn by the bulb of rating 100 W can be calculated as follows:
P=V×I
I = P/V
Substituting the values in the equation, we get
I = 100 W/220 V = 100/220 A
Similarly, the current drawn by the bulb of rating 60 W can be calculated as follows:
I = 60 W/220 V = 60/220 A
Therefore, the current drawn from the line is

16. Which uses more energy, a 250 W TV set in 1 hr, or a 1200 W toaster in 10 minutes?
Solution:
The energy consumed by electrical appliances is given by the equation
H = Pt, where P is the power of the appliance and t is the time
Using this formula, the energy consumed by a TV of power ration 250 W, can be calculated as
follows:
H = 250 W × 3600 seconds = 9 × 105 J
Similarly, the energy consumed by a toaster of power rating 1200 W is
H = 1200 W × 600 s = 7.2 × 105 J
From the calculations, it can be said that the energy consumed by the TV is greater than the toaster.
17. An electric heater of resistance 8 Ω draws 15 A from the service mains 2 hours. Calculate
the rate at which heat is developed in the heater.
Solution:
The rate at which the heat develops in the heater can be calculated using the following formula
P = I2 R
Substituting the values in the equation, we get
P = (15A) 2 × 8 Ω = 1800 J/s
The electric heater produces heat at the rate of 1800 J/s
18. Explain the following.
a. Why is the tungsten used almost exclusively for filament of electric lamps?
b. Why are the conductors of electric heating devices, such as bread-toasters and electric
irons, made of an alloy rather than a pure metal?
c. Why is the series arrangement not used for domestic circuits?
d. How does the resistance of a wire vary with its area of cross-section?
e. Why copper and aluminium wires are usually employed for electricity transmission?
Solution:
a. The resistivity and melting point of tungsten is very high. Due to this property, it doesn’t burn
readily when heated. Electric lamps operate at high temperature. Hence, tungsten is a choice of
metal for the filament of electric lamps.
b. The conductors of electric heating devices are alloys because of their high resistivity. Due to its
high resistivity it produces large amount of heat.
c. The voltage is divided in series circuit as result each component in the circuit receives a small
voltage because of which the amount of current decreases and the device gets hot and does not
work properly. This is the reason why series circuits are not used in domestic circuits.
d. Resistance is inversely proportional to the area of cross section. When the area of cross section
increases the resistance decreases and vice versa.
e. Copper and aluminium are good conductors of electricity and have low resistivity because of
which they are usually employed for electricity transmission.

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