Scribd
Upload
276 views6 pages

Roman Numbers

The document discusses the Roman numeral system. It explains that Roman numerals use letters from the English alphabet to represent numbers, with I, V, X, L, C, D, and M representing 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, and 1000 respectively. There was no symbol for 0, which was written as "nulla". Rules for writing Roman numerals include repetition to indicate multiplication, addition when smaller numbers are written to the right of larger ones, and subtraction when smaller numbers are to the left. A bar above a number increases its value by 1000. The document also provides examples of writing and evaluating Roman numerals.

Uploaded by

Ritika
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
276 views6 pages

Roman Numbers

The document discusses the Roman numeral system. It explains that Roman numerals use letters from the English alphabet to represent numbers, with I, V, X, L, C, D, and M representing 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, and 1000 respectively. There was no symbol for 0, which was written as "nulla". Rules for writing Roman numerals include repetition to indicate multiplication, addition when smaller numbers are written to the right of larger ones, and subtraction when smaller numbers are to the left. A bar above a number increases its value by 1000. The document also provides examples of writing and evaluating Roman numerals.

Uploaded by

Ritika
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

ROMAN NUMBERS

Roman number is an ancient number system in which alphabets are used to represent the fixed
positive numbers. The roman letters are English alphabets except J,U and W, thus there are 23
roman alphabets.

Symbols I V X L C D M

Numbers 1 5 10 50 100 500 1000

Zero in Roman Numbers

The roman system did not have any letter that represent zero. Zero was defined as NULLA. In
Latin language, the word nulla means none. Thus, there is no particular letter to represent zero in
roman number system.

Rules for writing Roman Numbers


Following rules are followed for writing roman numbers:

A. Rule of Repetition

a) When a symbol is repeated twice or thrice, its value is multiplied by 2 or 3


respectively.

For example:

i. Value of II = 2 x 1 = 2
ii. Value of III = 3 x1= 3
iii. Value of XXX = 10 x 3= 30
iv. Value of MM = 1000 x 2= 2000
v. Value of CC= 100 x 2 =200

b) Symbol I, X, C and M can be repeated three times at maximum.

For example:

i. I =1, II= 2, III= 3


After 3 times, I cannot be repeated.
So, 4 will not be written as IIII.
4 is written as IV

1
ii. X=10, XX=20, XXX=30
After 3 times, X cannot be repeated.
So, 40 will not be written as XXXX.
40 is written as XL

c) Symbols V, L and D are never repeated. Thus, symbols for 5,50 and 500 cannot be
repeated.
For example:
i) 10 is not written as VV.
It is written as X.

ii) 100 is not written as LL.


It is written as C.

B. Rule of Addition

If the symbol of smaller value is written to the right of a symbol of higher value, we add the
smaller value to the greater value.

For example:

i) XI = 10+1= 11
ii) XIII= 10+1+1+1= 13
iii) MD= M+D = 1000 +500 = 1500
iv) LV= 50+5 = 55
v) XXIII= (10 x 2) +3 = 23

C. Rule of Subtraction
a) If a symbol of smaller value is to the left of a symbol of higher value, we
subtract the smaller value from the higher value.

For example:

i) IX
X= 10 and I= 1
IX= 10-1 = 9

ii) XC
X = 10 and C = 100
XC = 100-10 = 90

2
iii) CD
C= 100 and D = 500
CD = 500-100 = 400

b) The symbols V, L and D cannot be subtracted from any number.

95 = 100-5 =VC Incorrect


95 = 90+5 = XCV Correct

c) I, X and C are used to subtract

There are just six combinations:

i) IV = 5-1 =4
ii) IX = 10-1 = 9
iii) XL = 50-10 = 40
iv) XC = 100-10 = 90
v) CD = 500-100 =400
vi) CM = 1000-100 = 900

D. Rule for putting Bar Sign


If bar sign ( ¯¯¯ ) is above any number, then the value of that number is increased
by 1000 times.

Roman numerals for big numbers

5000 𝑉̅

10,000 𝑋̅

50,000 𝐿̅

500,000 ̅
𝐷

1,000,000 ̅
𝑀

It is convenient to write 5000 as 𝑉̅ rather than writing as MMMMM. Similarly, it is better to


write 10000 as 𝑋̅ instead of longer notations.

3
For example:

i. ̅̅̅LXVI
6066 →𝑉𝐼
ii. 7157 → ̅̅̅̅
𝑉𝐼𝐼 CLVII
iii. 5243→ 𝑉̅ CCXLIII
iv. 9999→ ̅̅̅
𝐼𝑋CMXCIX
v. 10000→ ̅𝑋

Read and Write Larger Roman Numerals

TYPE I

1. Write 1065 in roman numerals


1065 = 1000+60+5
1000 → M, 60→LX, 5→V
1065→ MLXV

2. Write 2285 in roman numerals


2285 = 2000+ 200+80+5
2000 = 2 x 1000 →MM, 200 = 2 x 100 → CC, 80 = 50 +10+10+10 → LXXX, 5→ V
2285→MMCCLXXXV

3. Write 521 in roman numerals


521 = 500 + 20+1
500 → D, 20→ XX, 1→I
521→ DXXI

4. Write 6004 in roman numerals.


6004 =6000 +4
̅̅̅ , 4→ IV
6000=6 x 1000→ 𝑉𝐼
6004→ ̅̅̅
𝑉𝐼 IV

5. Write 9924 in roman numerals


9924= 9000+900+20+4
9000→̅̅̅̅
𝐼𝑋 , 900→CM, 20→ XX, 4→IV
̅̅̅̅
9924→ 𝐼𝑋CMXXIV

4
TYPE II

1. What is the value of CCCVIII?


C→100 x 3 = 300, VIII→8
CCCVIII→ 300+8 =308

2. What is MCMXXXI equal to?

Write MCMXXXI in the form of place value of numbers.


Th H T O
M CM XXX I

M→ 1000,
CM→ 1000-100 = 900,
XXX→10 x 3 =30,
I→1
MCMXXXI = 1000+900+30+1 =1931

3. What is the value of MMMMMCCXXII?

M→ 1000, C→ 100, X→ 10, I→1


MMMMM→1000 x 5 =5000,
CC→ 100 x 2 = 200,
XX→ 10 x 2 = 20,
II→ 1 x 2 = 2
MMMMMCCXXII= 5000+200+20+2 = 5222
It can also be written as 𝑉̅ CCXXII

4. What is the value of ̅̅


𝑰𝑿̅̅CMXCI?

IX→ 9, CM→1000-100= 900, XC→ 100-10 = 90, I→1

̅̅̅
𝐼𝑋→ 9000

̅̅̅
𝐼𝑋CMXCI = 9000+900+90+1 = 9991

5. What is the value of DCCLXIV?


D→ 500, CC→100 x 2 =200, LX→ 50 +10 =60, IV=4
DCCLXIV→ 500+200+60+4 =764

5
List of Roman Numbers 1 to 100
Following is the list of roman numbers from 1 to 100.

1→ I 21 → XXI 41 → XLI 61 → LXI 81 → LXXXI


22 → XXII 42 → XLII 62 → LXII 82 → LXXXII
2 →II
23 → XXIII 43 → XLIII 63 → LXIII 83 → LXXXIII
3 → III
24 → XXIV 44 → XLIV 64 → LXIV 84 → LXXXIV
4 → IV
25 → XXV 45 → XLV 65 → LXV 85 → LXXXV
5→V
26 → XXVI 46 → XLVI 66 → LXVI 86 → LXXXVI
6 → VI
27 → XXVII 47 → XLVII 67 → LXVII 87 → LXXXVII
7 → VII
28 → XXVIII 48 → XLVIII 68 → LXVIII 88 → LXXXVIII
8 → VIII
29 → XXIX 49 → XLIX 69 → LXIX 89 → LXXXIX
9 → IX
30 → XXX 50 → L 70 → LXX 90 → XC
10 → X
31 → XXXI 51 → LI 71 → LXXI 91 → XCI
11 → XI
32 → XXXII 52 → LII 72 → LXXII 92 → XCII
12 → XII
33 → XXXIII 53 → LIII 73 → LXXIII 93 → XCIII
13 → XIII
34 → XXXIV 54 → LIV 74 → LXXIV 94 → XCIV
14 → XIV
35 → XXXV 55 → LV 75 → LXXV 95 → XCV
15 → XV
36 → XXXVI 56 → LVI 76 → LXXVI 96 → XCVI
16 → XVI
37 → XXXVII 57 → LVII 77 → LXXVII 97 → XCVII
17 → XVII
38 → XXXVIII 58 → LVIII 78 → LXXVIII 98 → XCVIII
18 → XVIII
39 → XXXIX 59 → LIX 79 → LXXIX 99 → XCIX
19 → XIX
40 → XL 60 → LX 80 → LXXX 100 → C
20 → XX

You might also like