A Laboratory Manual

for

Linux Basic

Sl' llll' stcr - 11

(312001)

(Al/ AN/ 8D/ CM./CO/CW/DS/ HA/ ~/TH)

Prof. Sag...- Apun~

As.<i.W11 Pro(e..or
MTT WOfld Pt!ac:e Unl'<tt'it" . !'um

■"'"Publlc:alion
P..,.... \,eh Atndt, 3rd Floor, Opp. l.olun &p,-.
Brilliant Nu r ICoLhtud But S1&nd, Kolhrud, Punt • ill038.
Mob No- • -+91 7057488957 / 91~7572 / 8605'67161>

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l. k«nel:
lhir lmw. Mffllll IS ttw: co'"" componc:u 1h.11 mmmw•c• l'Clt 1:.-l-tw«n Ike bon:l,.,·ut
and 50/tw- ll! on lt prov1d.,. -llDI Iw,ajON hU. oudl u ptoc r m,,nag-ement.
memory INlllll~'ffltnL dc,v1~ dn,-tnv ..nd J!'IIGfll alb.

DlltriblllJo q tDulrGII):
Unll., 1t dhtrlbU!ad m ,·anoua na,-ora known u d111tnbu1>0ni, Each ttwriba110n in--
d lldfl the Liniu lwnal •long w11h o p..:lug.i managtt. -.;nt,,a, \lbrw~ 11tJUbe, and
oAlm • d6lik'lp enVIIOIUlll!IIL Popular datrtbubOll6 lncllldt Ubuntu. ffl!ort, DHlum,
lll!d CentOS.

4. M-11:i•U- an.d Mu1U-T161dng:

l..inuA b designtd \I) ~uppon mll!Upl-, ll5ilr.; "'Dlllltaoeo"tly and IIXIXl.lbe mull:tp\1
~ amcum mtly Toa m.s.kes It swrabll! foe Sl!1'VCr fflVIJ'OC\llllffit and hlgh-ptrto:r•
mall« annpu1:111g.

S.wityl
Unia 15 t1t:10wllfil !or hs rotrusi 500.IIil\· fu1111e>§.. 11:5 ~ and •ca!56 coru:rol
mcdlalllffl\i, along \o\"llh ~gul4T "«Uni}' upd&t5 conmbulll! co a .ecure oomputmg
ennronment. 1ht pnnopt.- of l~.m p n ~ IS I comentonr oI. unu1' RCUini.
Brillu1111 Publlcaoon 9
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A\ Yn•III~ ,,n.1 u,,blc d101rwu1"10 Iii.II ~er..,•• UK' luuncfa11un lnr rTIAn\ other lllwn-
bulion, lnduJltt(t Ubuon,_ Ddnott h , ._..ft ..rf'6,lrdnJ lot ii. c.omm11m1m1 io '''"'<Il ! -l04.)
Of.""n•"1C\urcr -ott"·o.n~ rnnaplb.

C...tO!Y.
A romm11ru1y.,.uppurtrd 1.U,1rtbuuon Lha1 cl°""'I" mtl'.l"D1'!' lhc fc-alun.. anti f''°""'l!O
of Re<I I 101 fruttrn1><- um.. [RH6L) c~ntOS ~ oucn u'R!d tn ..,.,,-.. ,..,VUDOOlmt:>
.. "-!re •ll•billlv llJld long•h!J'tn ... pport t\n! crillcJf

AtthUnwc
A rol~l¥~ dlJ,trlbobon known for lb .implldty, cu~1om11.aUDI'\. and bl«'dmg-
edgr~·ilJt!. 1\n:h LfnUJC follows• d0-lt-your.,clf ptul090phv...11o..-~ IISC!CS 1o btnld
lhel.r <Y"- from the ground up_

6. OJ'ffl SUS£:
Aft!lablr in both Loap (st.,ble) .mdTun,likwl!Cd trollingTclca.<c) ~-<ml'. opc,nSUSE
t1 knowm £or ltS robu~tness and lh~ Y..sr configuration tool. wluch sunplrfil.!!; "°Y"'""
N1 m, niatr.i a on...

7. Maafuo:
llued .in An:11 Linu)(, Mruij.uo aim:- to provide a Ulle,.fri<mdly ~p,,cile:i OJ? whUi! re-
caning tho 8....U,Uuy-arul. p0wcr of Arch. ll.'o, • y,od dw,c.,- fur ~ ...ho "-ant il b&J..
ano:r betwee, cutting-edge italun!s ilnd ea5t oi USt'.

8. UnwcMint
Built on Ubuntu and Deb,an, Linux l\,llnt fOC'l1StcS on providing a Slnightfon--ard and
-friendlyerpmmc:r. lt;.-, popular choi«tor used tmr.silJUJunr,tromoth.,ropcr--
•tJng systrms.

Km Linwc
Dl!l;igned for cybe-.Secw1ty pro£<'Siion,11ls 11nd ~etrabon t ~ Kall uru.u. C'ODU!S
pttioaded with a Vilnety of security ond ~tr.abon ~ tools.

10. Cattoo:
A lughlyC\JSlnmiµblt> and SOUJ'O!'-bilsed dlo;tribution th.lt allows usets to opnmize
th.!ir systems (or pcrfonnance. Gentoo is known fo~ its porQge pad-age mnm1geolll'ru
sy1tem.
11,ese =plesrepl'e(!nt a small fraction of the diverse range.of Linux dlstribunom
•nil&ble.. The choice of dlstribution often depends on fadDcs such t i user preference,.
~ reqwn,mcnl5, and the intrnded use of thr operating ~'!;trl'TL

Brillwit Publication 11
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St•p <I\ <;i.u t ll1u Vhwnl Mnd\1110

1• ...,l;,;1 yuut •lrtu.il ni:u:h1no And did "Sl•rt
2. I h,• •r•l,m will boot I""" th" ISO Jlollow 1tw un-~c,..,,, ,.,.,rucliOI\J ,.., tnaUtll UnUL

511'p I ll; lnrt.all Uno,

I. 0 - the- ln,i.11" option wh~n promp,-,d
l. Foll.uw th• ln•l4lla11011 w1,.,11d. M:lecung your lnnguogr, 11ffl<' ~on..-. l...-y"°'1rd I•~·
our. •nd u~.-, occount cl.-tollt.

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I an.,, lh" ln•!Allolian I• complcrf. ri~-i th() I!,() fron, th" ,1nwu optlCJl! drive
2."""" Enter 10 tu$taff the vlt11111I mAChlnt'.

Stttp 11.: p.,.1,lnotnll.11lon &itup

I Los 1n with lht c:n:dl'ntlAI\ you cr~,1ted durlng 1hr lnu,,llnbon
2. ln.•tall Vlttu~!Bo, CuNI Add ltlon• for bc!m,r inll'grntlon betw"611hc host nnd gw..1
»ytt~m,. Tubb U9U.&lly round In the Dc!vic,..· mMu of w ruruun& vtrlwil mnduno

Now. you hnvc • Lin~ Of"'l'Dtlng 5)11tem tunt11ng In.Old~ Vlrtu&lBo, You con "'Pffl-
- , r w.th Llnu• "'ltJiout •fft!Ctlng your mllln oy•tm,

Vl

VD. PNdia.l hlmd Quntio-.

L What I. the noed of Op..raang Sy,tcm?
2. \\1riie ahorl note on unux OS
3. I.ts! out Iha? Linux dutribuliON.

llnil,ant Pubhtl1Uan u
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U., CWIIIMlllllh. nfCII~ lhrough 1hr cummand tine lntff'faa (CUL puy •
,-1nlnll'rilCtinc with 1hr lb11l• opr&tlng t)Wffl. ~
IL flpa foc L-■n,h,g llaua COlll.8WMb:
C.Jlhn ttw lNl'I mmm.anJ io _ , m:uwal JMi" ""-' 1..m .about 00IIUn&nd
don. tufflple INrl b. I °l>-
lJH the -hip opt.on wfthc,xnma.n,b fw • ~kl: rdttTnCe to thdr ~ . E~l'kli
-help.
PtM11Ct ffglllarly 10 ~ yow uncwmandinl and ptJ'1 prallcmq,
-'-l lbC l i m n ~ h -,ti.11 lor df«ti•t tptmn INNgffllfflt. 1ro1,,1,1,..
WIOOClng. and .utrmallon in • Llml• u..-lronmmL As llM"1 bft:olrw "'°"'
CIOm/cin,
able, with die CJ. they Cll1' cumblJ1l! ccmmand• to pntonn wmpln tasb dllel~r.

lD. Raw to atcutir Ci7-nd• io Ub'lulru:

• · Opa\w lft'mlnal 1n t.'buntu.
b. tue1111t1 follawu,&. r-ds l.n la'mlnal 1talf.

~ •. Hfte'a • W avuvltW ol - f•11d.unmul llnllll m mmanch:

1, c.tcndar Oitplq:
a. Opel tlw .-iniNI ir, L'bvnru.
b.. E.'ffUlr lhe cal cmnmand IO display th,- c.&lcndar for lhe cumnt month.

2. Oatiru.dn-:
a. Uw the dae.-c 11-~ to cillpl.ty 1hr cumau dair and til'l'IL
b. &palmn,t vnth dil1aau opnans ot w
date command to form.It w outpuL
1 T cd Owtp.at
a. UR 1hr ti:ho mmmand to print,. rrw I•V ID UW tc:mlln&L
b.. t..parn 111 ..-lt.11 ~ Vllri.tb1" In «ho (ordyn,.auc tot output
•
'- f.-.ft d ~
a.. ti~ the prum command 1o prina form.ttrd .,., 1o lhe irrminal.
b. Eirpmmmt ..-tth formattlr°' optlUI• JUCh u p,,ddln« Md pcec:is.an..
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c. C...cu"" It. I01f'I Md Dbtm-e 111P output

:. c-11Sn.4i.J11:
• !mull 111.-U, poc~ ,u:r,I the ~ug. ,nanapr (• f • wd:I ape lnst.,JI ma!h ).
b U... IN' -i!- <CftlMlnd ID i!nd • Int •mail 10 - U

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1 wtiat ranvnand did )"QU we ID CMU' Uw lfflnln.l cans,J
1 • d, ..nd II)'• Unull command lha1 you ha,-en I uMd In thb aM!gJunmt
Ollcrihl, lb par,-- and pnwl~ a.n etMiplr Of llllgp.

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b. Tai. 111MC'ol 1hr ltTlrUnal ckYitt hlt' (r .g . / d"'/ rto/0).

.._ T-1tw ~llnp:

.o. I.&., !hr~ romnw,d ID Ji4pwy .,, c'-nj..- 1cnn11vl •ttmp.
b. !\.ptrunrnl ..,;lh ~ , ; a trnnlnAl klbng ..,.J obi<'n"' 11w c 1r«1

1. D-,b) PhlC 10,

a. Utr lhr i - ~ 10 diapu> WOffll.ltJon •bout cummllv Nnnll\11 pre.en..~
b. 0bn H tlw ourp111 and ldffllily !he pnKc• ID lf'ID)., irnnin..l , •nd command

I. Tft'DWUltt . Pio«, ,.
a. Idffl~• .ptOCC/Si from 1hr J»coaun.&nd di.at you want ID lfflninatl'.
l-. U. 1hr kill C'l1lll1IWlnd to lmlVNk thr chown p, ™ lly JpC!Cfymg 11) f'lt)

Oc1ly r o tlon:
• Uw 1hr ,lttp command to pa,_ o«utlon for • 'J'l'CliN nutt'lbn ol kUC.d•
b upmn,mt ,...,jth cLllnffll ,i.p duretJ0n1.

rv.

V. P-edtal IWaicd Qnnliono:

1. Decribcthr pro- of changlnayour ~ mine the p,wwd command.
2. h,'h.11 sy111m 11\/omwuon duet dw uname commaild dl,pl,y?
3. Returchmd G«UU!a Unll>.command ttlaltd to ,uer - m.a,-e;cu.ent
(cg.. u.ndd or 11.Nrdft)

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