Muthayammal Engineering College, RASIPURAM 637408 (Autonomous)

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MUTHAYAMMAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE,

RASIPURAM 637408
(Autonomous)

DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

19EEC10 - POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS

COURSE FACULTY
Dr.N.MOHANANTHINI,
ASP/EEE
COURSE CONTENTS

UNIT I
INTRODUCTION
UNIT II
POWER FLOW ANALYSIS
UNIT III
FAULT ANALYSIS – BALANCED FAULTS
UNIT IV
FAULT ANALYSIS – UNBALANCED FAULTS
UNIT V
POWER SYSTEM STABILITY
COURSE OBJECTIVES
To impart knowledge on the need for power system
analysis and model various power system components
• To apply numerical methods to solve the power flow
problem.
• To analyze the power system under faulted conditions
- balanced faults.
• To analyze the power system under faulted conditions
- unbalanced faults
• To model and analyze the stability of power system by
equal area criterion, Modified Euler and Runge -
Kutta fourth order method
COURSE OUTCOMES

Study about the components of the power system.


Apply numerical methods to solve the power flow
problem.
Evaluate the system under faulted conditions-balanced
faults.
Evaluate the system under faulted conditions-
unbalanced faults
Compute the stability of power system with the help
of equal area criterion, Modified
Euler and Runge - Kutta fourth order method
TEXT BOOKS:
Sl.No Author(s) Title of the Book Publisher Year of Publication
NagrathI.J. and Modern Power System
1. Tata McGraw Hill 2011
Kothari D.P Analysis
John J.Grainger
and
2 Power System Analysis Tata Mc Graw-Hill 2010
W.D.Stevenson
Jr.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
Sl.No Author(s) Title of the Book Publisher Year of Publication

1. Hadi Saadat Power System Analysis Tata McGraw Hill 2010

P.Venkatesh, Electrical Power


B.V.Manikandan, Systems- Analysis, PHI Learning Private
2. 2012
S.Charles Raja, Security and Limited
A.Srinivasan Deregulation
Power System Stability
3. Kundur P Tata McGraw Hill 2010
and Control
J.DuncanGlover,
Mulukutla Power System Analysis
4. Cengage Learning, 2012
S.Sarma, Thomas & Design
J.Overbye
Electric Energy Systems Tata Mc Graw Hill
5. Olle.I .Elgerd Theory–An Introduction 2012
UNIT I

INTRODUCTION
Block diagram for planning and
operation of power system
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
A single line diagram is diagrammatic representation of
power system in which the components are
represented by their symbols and interconnection
between them are shown by a straight
line even though the system is three phase system.

The ratings and the impedances of the


components are also marked on the single line diagram
Example
Per unit value

The per unit value of any quantity is defined as the ratio


of the actual value of the any quantity to
the base value of the same quantity as a decimal.

per unit=actual value/base value


Need for base values
The components or various sections of power system
may operate at different voltage and power
levels.

It will be convenient for analysis of power system if the


voltage, power, current and impedance rating of
components of power system are expressed with
reference to a common value called base value
Advantages of per unit system
i. Per unit data representation yields valuable relative magnitude
information.

ii. Circuit analysis of systems containing transformers of various


transformation ratios is greatly simplified.

iii. The p.u systems are ideal for the computerized analysis and simulation
of complex power system problems.

iv. Manufacturers usually specify the impedance values of equivalent in


per unit of the equipments rating.

v. The ohmic values of impedances are refereed to secondary is different


from the value as referee to primary. However, if base values are
selected properly, the p.u impedance is the same on the two sides of
the transformer.

vi. The circuit laws are valid in p.u systems, and the power and voltages
equations are simplified since the factors of √3 and 3 are eliminated
Formation of Y Bus by Two Rule Method or
Inspection Method
Assignment Problem 1
Assignment Problem 2
Assignment Problem 3
MUTHAYAMMAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE,
RASIPURAM 637408
(Autonomous)

DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS


UNIT II

POWER FLOW ANALYSIS


Fast Decoupled Method to Solve Power Flow
Problem

The fast decoupled power flow method is a very fast and


efficient method of obtaining power flow problem
solution.

In this method, both, the speeds as well as the sparsity


are exploited.

This is actually an extension of Newton-Raphson


method formulated in polar coordinates with certain
approximations which result into a fast algorithm for
power flow solution.
49
MUTHAYAMMAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE,
RASIPURAM 637408
(Autonomous)

DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS


UNIT III

FAULT ANALYSIS – BALANCED FAULTS


39
UNIT -IV

ELEC3241 1
Outlines
• Fault, classification and symmetrical fault.
• Percentage reactance and Short Circuit Current
• Per-Unit System and Base KVA
• Calculation of Short Circuit KVA
• Control techniques of Short Circuit Currents
• Location of Reactors in Power System
• Steps to symmetrical fault calculation
• Tutorial
ELEC3241 2
Faults and Classification
• Symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults
• Symmetrical Fault: That fault on power system
which gives rise to symmetrical currents (i.e.
equal fault currents in the lines with 120 degree
displacement) I called a symmetrical fault
• Why symmetrical fault is important??
- Though rarely occurs, but most severe and
IMPOSE MORE HEAVY DUTY ON THE CIRCUIT
BREAKER
• How to limit fault current: By impedance of the
system
ELEC3241 3
Percentage Reactance

ELEC3241 4
Illustration on SC current

ELEC3241 5
Base kVA and SC current

ELEC3241 6
Steps for Symmetrical Fault Calculations
• Draw a single line diagram of the given network
including rating, voltage and % reactance of each
element
• Choose base kVA and convert all % reactance to this
base value
• Draw the reactance diagram showing one phase of
the system and the neutral . Indicate the %X on the
base kVA in diagram.
• Find the total %X of the network up to the point of
fault
• Find the full load current corresponding to the
selected base kVA and the normal system voltage at
the fault point
• Apply the formula to determine the Short Circuit
Current
ELEC3241 7
Tutorial
Q7.1. A circuit of a 3-phase system is given- see in
Figure. The %X of each alternator is based on its
own capacity. Find the short circuit current that
will flow into a complete 3-phase short circuit at
point F.

Answer: 4330 Amp

ELEC3241 8
Tutorial
Q7.2. A 3-phase, 20 MVA, 10 kV alternator has
internal reactance of 5% and negligible resistance.
Find the external reactance per phase to be
connected in series with the alternator so that
steady current on short circuit does not exceed 8
times the full load current.

Answer: X = 0.375 Ω

ELEC3241 9
Tutorial
Q7.3. A 3-phase transmission line operating at 10 kV
and having a resistance of 1Ω and reactance of 4Ω is
connected to the generating station bus bar through 5
MVA step-up transformer having a reactance of 5%.
The bus bar supplied by a 10 MVA alternator having
10% reactance. Calculate the short circuit kVA fed to
symmetrical fault between phases if it occurs
(i) At the load end of transmission line
(ii) (ii) at the high voltage terminals of the transformer

Answer: (i) Short circuit kVA = 16,440 kVA


(ii) Short circuit kVA = 50,000 kVA

ELEC3241 10
Tutorial
Q7.4. The plant capacity of a 3-phase generating
station consists of two 10000 kVA generators of
reactance 12% each and one 5000 kVA generator of
reactance 18%. The generators are connected to the
station bus bar from which load is taken through three
5000 kVA step up transformer each having a reactance
of 5%. Determine the maximum fault MVA which the
circuit breakers on (i) low voltage side and (ii) high
voltage side may have to deal with.

Answer: (i) Fault MVA = 194.5


(ii) Fault MVA = 66
ELEC3241 11

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