Robie™ House

Chicago, Illinois, USA

Booklet available in English on

Livret disponible en français sur
Folleto disponible en español en Architecture.LEGO.com
 © Frank Lloyd Wright Preservation Trust

2
Contents
Frederick C. Robie™ House ................................................................................ 5
The design and construction of Frederick C. Robie™ House ...... 6
From 1910 to today...................................................................................................12
Frank Lloyd Wright ..................................................................................................14
Facts about Frederick C. Robie™ House ..................................................15
A Word from the Artist ....................................................................................... 176
The ‘Scale Model’ line–LEGO Architecture in the 1960s ........177
References ...............................................................................................................179

3
 FLWFDN

4
Frederick C. Robie™ House

Frederick C. Robie™ House, completed in 1910, is widely considered to be Frank many windows and balconies. Open spaces on the first and second floors of
Lloyd Wright’s most accomplished Prairie style work. This architectural style, the the interiors of the homes were intended to continue to the outside through
first that was uniquely American, is characterized by dominating horizontal lines, these windows. The relationship between architecture and nature—one of the
banded rows of windows, and spacious and open interior plans. The exterior is most important influences on Wright—is emphasized throughout the open and
dominated by gently sloping roofs and building materials in line with Wright’s flowing design of Frederick C. Robie™ House.
ideas on the nature of materials: brick, wood, steel, limestone, and concrete
stucco, the last-named being used to cover the massive expanses of soffits “We of the Middle West are living on the prairie. The prairie has a beauty of
under the cantilevered porches. its own and we should recognize and accentuate this natural beauty, its quiet
level.” Frank Lloyd Wright
Homes like these were designed to offer their owners great vistas from the

FLWFDN © 2011

5
 The design & construction of Frederick C. Robie™ House

In 1908, Frederick C. Robie, a young and ambitious Chicago businessman, “From the first we had a definite community of thought.” Frederick Robie,
decided he wanted to build a “sturdy, functional and strikingly modern” home on meeting Frank Lloyd Wright.
for his family in Hyde Park, an elegant Chicago neighborhood and home to
the campus of the University of Chicago. The actual site itself helped determine Frank Lloyd Wright’s ideas and plans.
Measuring 18 meters (60 ft.) by 55 meters (180 ft.), the corner lot was three times
Robie wanted a house with an abundance of light and great views of the as long as it was wide. These dimensions led Wright to think of the home in
surrounding neighborhood, yet one that also maintained his family’s privacy. terms of long, narrow rectangles. The home therefore consists primarily of two
He didn’t like small confining rooms and thought that flowing spaces were long and narrow “vessels,” each similar in shape to the hull of a ship, one set
essential in a well designed home. In Frank Lloyd Wright, he found an architect on top and slightly off-center of the other. When viewed from above, the two
who not only agreed with these ideals, but who could transform them into a vessels are easy to see; however, from the street, each blends into the other,
unique physical expression. forming what looks like a single, continuous horizontal structure.

Exterior drawing (FLWFDN ©2011)

6
Floor plan drawings (FLWFDN ©2011)

7
 To further emphasize the horizontal lines of the house, the horizontal joints of As the steel beams also carry most of the building’s weight, the exterior walls
the red-orange, iron-spotted Roman bricks were filled with a cream-colored have little structural function, which in turn allowed Wright to fill them with large
mortar and the small vertical joints were filled with brick-colored mortar. From numbers of doors and windows. More importantly, the steel structure eliminated
a distance, this complex and time-consuming process creates an impression the need for internal structural columns and walls, thus underlining the overall
of continuous lines of horizontal color and minimizes the appearance of open plan favored by both Wright and Robie.
individual bricks.

Robie House was one of the first residences to incorporate steel beams directly “Both Mr Wright and myself were highly in accord on every line to the last inch.
into its design. These strong beams in the ceilings and floors were necessary And we agreed that there should be no deviation whatsoever from these
to create the cantilevered balconies, which appear to be suspended in mid-air. specifications.” Frederick Robie, on working with Frank Lloyd Wright.

The brickwork (FLWFDN) The entrance (FLWFDN)

8
The entire building fills approximately 841.9 m2 (9,062 square ft). The front door rooms. These two rooms are separated by a central chimney mass, but the
and main entrance are partially hidden on the northwest side of the building spaces are connected along their south sides, and the chimney mass itself has
beneath an overhanging balcony in order to create a sense of privacy and an opening above the fireplace through which the rooms are visually connected.
protection for the family. The entrance hall itself is low-ceilinged and dark,
but the stairs to the second floor create a sense of anticipation as the visitor The second floor contains the private family spaces: three bedrooms surrounding
moves upward. Once upstairs, the ‘light filled’ living and dining rooms create a central hall. The first floor features a long balcony that stretches nearly the
a sharp contrast to the dark entrance hall, making the living areas seem even entire length of the home.
more spacious.
When clients like the Robies hired Frank Lloyd Wright to design a home,
The ground floor of Robie™ House was designed for general everyday use, with they received more than just a house. Wright typically also provided designs
a billiard room, playroom, and service areas. The first floor contains a kitchen for furniture, lighting fixtures, wall hangings, rugs, and, in some cases, even
and guest room as well the home’s formal areas, including the living and dining dishes. With Robie he worked with and supervised George Mann Niedecken to

Dining room (FLWFDN) Kitchen (© Frank Lloyd Wright Preservation Trust)

9
 Living Room (FLWFDN)

10
create what he termed a “complete environment.” As well as furniture for the including rugs and furniture, were not completed until January 1911. The final
entrance hall, dining and living rooms, Wright also created the 29 different art cost of the home was $58,500–$13,500 for the land, $35,000 for the design and
glass designs that can be found in 175 of the house’s window and door panels. construction of the building, and $10,000 for the furnishings. Robie’s original
The contractor for the project, H.B. Barnard Co. of Chicago, began construction budget had been $60,000.
on April 15, 1909, Frank Lloyd Wright did not supervise the construction of the
house himself except in the earliest stages. He closed his Oak Park, Illinois studio “I doubt very much if there was a single extra screw, or piece of hardware
in the fall of 1909 and left for Europe, turning over his existing commissions, necessary; it was perfectly wonderful. …The detailed arrangement was so
including the Robie House, to fellow architect Hermann von Holst. perfect that Barnard (the builder) afterwards told me that he might as well have
been making a piece of machinery.” Frederick Robie, on the building process.
The Robie family—Frederick, Laura, and their two children, Frederick Jr. and
Lorraine—moved into the home in May 1910, although all of the final details,

Glass and light fixture design (FLWFDN)

11
 From 1910 to today

Unfortunately, the Robie family’s tenure in their new home was short-lived. and neighborhood organizers to protest against the intended demolition.
As a result of financial problems caused by the death of his father and the Commenting on the threatened demolition, Wright quipped, “It all goes to show
deterioration of his marriage, Robie was forced to sell the house after living the danger of entrusting anything spiritual to the clergy.”
in it for only 14 months.
The threat of demolition was only averted when William Zeckendorf, a friend
Robie sold the house and the majority of the custom-designed furnishings to David of Wright and president of a New York-based development firm, bought the
Lee Taylor in December 1911. Taylor, president of a Chicago-based advertising house from the Chicago Theological Seminary in August 1958. He donated the
agency, bought the house as a Christmas present for his wife, Ellen, and their house to the University of Chicago in 1963. For the next 34 years, the University
six sons. His Christmas card read: “To Momma/Our $50,000 house/Pop.” used Robie™ House as offices: first to house the Adlai E. Stevenson Institute of
International Affairs and later as the headquarters for the University’s Alumni
Misfortune continued to follow the residents of Robie™ House, and in October Association.
1912, Taylor died suddenly and by November, his widow, Ellen Taylor, had
already sold the house to Marshall Dodge Wilber and his wife, Isadora. They, In January 1997 the University handed over the running of the house to the
along with their two daughters Marcia and Jeanette, moved into the house Frank Lloyd Wright Preservation Trust. Beginning in March 2002, the Preservation
on December 3, 1912. The Wilbers were the last family to live in Robie House, Trust began a historic multi-year restoration of the Robie™ House, with the
residing there for 14 years. aim of returning the building to its original condition when completed in 1910.

In January 1926, the Wilbers sold the Robie™ House to the Chicago Theological It is difficult, if not impossible, to discuss modern American or international
Seminary. The seminary used the house as a dormitory and dining hall for architecture without mentioning the significance of Robie™ House. Amongst
married students, although it was primarily interested in the site for purposes all the plaudits the house has received, two special distinctions stand out.
of future expansion. In April 1957, it was the first building to be declared a Chicago Landmark by
the newly-formed Commission on Chicago Architectural Landmarks. And in
In 1941, a graduate student at the Illinois Institute of Technology accidentally November 1963, it was certified a United States Registered National Historic
discovered that the Seminary was moving ahead with a plan to demolish Landmark. The first national landmark in the city of Chicago, and the first to
Robie™ House to erect a new, larger dormitory on the site, and he informed his be selected solely on the basis of its architectural merit.
instructors, including Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. The threat of demolition aroused
a storm of protest. A letter-writing campaign to save the house was organized, The architectural significance of the Robie™ House was probably best stated
and Wright himself wrote a letter calling the house “a source of world-wide in a farsighted article in House and Home magazine from 1957: “Above all else,
architectural inspiration.” Although the Seminary’s plans were subsequently Robie™ House is a magnificent work of art. But, in addition, the house introduced
postponed, the crisis was averted more by the onset of World War II than by so many concepts in planning and construction that its full influence cannot
a change of view by the property’s owner. be measured accurately for many years to come. Without this house, much of
modern architecture as we know it today, might not exist.”
A more serious threat to the existence of the Robie™ House arose 16 years
later. On March 1, 1957, the Seminary again announced plans to demolish Robie Frederick C. Robie was never in doubt about what he had helped to create.
House on September 15 in order to begin the construction of a dormitory for its Long retired and living in an apartment in Cleveland, he looked fondly back
students. This time, an international outcry arose, and Wright himself, then 89 to happier times and called the house named after him “the most ideal place
years old, returned to the Robie House accompanied by the media, students in the world.”

12
During and after renovation (© Frank Lloyd Wright Preservation Trust)

13
 Exterior drawings (FLWFDN ©2011)

14
Frank Lloyd Wright®

Arguably America’s greatest architect and among the world’s most gifted, Frank While there is evidence of Wright attending both high school and the University
Lloyd Wright was also a man of boundless energy. In a career that spanned of Wisconsin-Madison, there is no record of him graduating from either. In 1887
over 74 years, he designed more than 900 works–including houses, offices, Wright moved to Chicago, and by the early 1890s he was already head drafts-
churches, schools, libraries, bridges, museums and many other building types. man at the architectural firm of Adler & Sullivan. During this time he designed
Of that total, over 500 resulted in completed works. Today, over 400 of these and built his own Oak Park home and later added an attached studio when he
buildings still remain. established his own practice. Though a tumultuous private and professional
life would ensure that Wright would always be surrounded by controversy, he
However, Wright’s creative mind was not confined to architecture. He also was also recognized as a brilliant architect by his peers.
designed furniture, fabrics, art glass, lamps, dinnerware, silver, linens and
graphic arts. In addition, he was a prolific writer, an educator and a philosopher. No other architect took greater advantage of setting and environment. No
He authored twenty books and countless articles, and lectured throughout other architect glorified the sense of “shelter” as did Frank Lloyd Wright.
the United States and in Europe. “A building is not just a place to be. It is a way to be,” he said. Wright’s work–not
least Robie House–has stood the test of time.
Frank Lloyd Wright was born in 1867, in the rural farming town of Richland
Center, Wisconsin, just two years after the American Civil War ended and
passed away at the age of 91, in 1959.

Photo: OBMA. ® F.L. Wright Fdn.

15
 Facts about Frederick C. Robie™ House

Location: ............................................. Chicago, Illinois, USA Style: ..................................................... Prairie

Architect: ............................................ Frank Lloyd Wright Original Cost:................................... $60,000
Date: ...................................................... From 1908-1910 Floor area: ......................................... 9,062 square feet (841.9 m2)
Construction type: ....................... Residence
Construction materials: ............ Steel beams iron-spotted Roman bricks

© Frank Lloyd Wright Preservation Trust

16
1x 1x
1x
1x

1 2

17
1x

1x
1x

18
2x

19
 2x

20
 2x

21
2x

22
 2x

23
2x

24
 4x

10

25
 2x

11

26
1x

1x
1x

12

27
 6x 6x

13

28
 8x 6x

14

29
3x

4x

2x
2x

15

30
1x 1x

2x

7x 7x

16

31
 4x
1x
2x

1x 3x 2x

17

32
3x

1x

1x

1x

18

33
1x
1x

2x

4x

2x

19

34
 1x

2x

5x 1x

20

35
 1x

21

36
1x 1x 3x

22

37
 1x 1x 10x

23

38
5x 2x 2x 19x

24

39
 17x

25

40
1x 1x

1x 6x 2x

26

41
 1x 1x 9x

27

42
2x 1x

28

43
 2x 3x

29

44
 1x 6x 1x

30

45
 1x 55x 1x

31

46
 29x

32

47
 1x
1x

1x 3x

33

48
 1x

2x 2x

34

49
 3x 2x

35

2x

50
 28x 2x

36

51
 1x

2x 1x

37

52
 16x

38

53
2x 1x 3x

39

54
5x 1x 2x 1x 1x

40

55
 14x 1x 2x

41

56
 1x 5x 3x

42

57
 2x 2x 10x

43

58
 14x 1x

44

59
 2x 2x

45

60
 1x 8x 2x

46

61
 8x 1x

47

62
 5x 1x

48

63
 1x 1x 6x 2x

49

64
 3x 7x 2x

50

65
 1x 6x 1x

51

66
2x 1x 9x 1x

52

67
2x
2x

2x 1x

53

68
 14x

54

69
 2x 2x

55

70
 3x 1x 1x

56

71
 13x 1x

57

72
 10x 1x 1x

58

73
 1x 2x

59

74
1x 5x 1x 5x

60

75
 14x 4x

61

76
 1x 1x 2x

1x 1x 3x

62

In arranging the kitchen, Wright flouted

© Frank Lloyd Wright

Preservation Trust
contemporary textbook rules for placing
the sink and the stove far away from
each other. He positioned both near one
another against the north wall, as far as
possible from the dining room, so that the
bustle of the kitchen would not disturb
the family during meals.

77
 2x 2x 11x

63

78
 2x

64

79
2x 5x 2x

65

80
 2x 4x
1x 1x

1x 1x 3x

66

81
 15x 3x

67

82
 5x

68

The original eight-foot-high wall surrounding the garage

FLWFDN
had been lowered at some point between 1925 and the
1950s. As part of the restoration project, both original
and reproduction bricks were used to rebuild the wall
to its 1910 height. In order to present the most accurate
façade possible, original bricks were used on the side of
the wall facing the street, and reproduction bricks were
placed on the side facing the garage courtyard.

83
1x 1x 1x 5x 3x

69

84
 1x

70

85
 8x 1x 6x 6x

71

86
 8x 1x 1x

72

87
 2x 18x

73

88
1x 1x 11x 2x

74

89
 3x 2x 2x 2x

75

90
5x 1x 4x 3x

76

91
 1x 10x 2x

77

92
 24x

1x 1x

78
1 2

93
 8x 5x 8x 1x

79

94
 9x 3x

80

95
 8x 1x

81

96
1x 1x 10x 3x

82

97
4x 5x
1x

2x 5x 5x

83

98
 5x 3x 5x

84

99
 12x

85

100
 8x 7x 7x

86

101
 18x 2x 1x

87

102
3x 1x 10x 2x

88

103
 13x 3x 7x 2x

89

104
 5x 4x 3x

90

Although Wright occasionally

© Frank Lloyd Wright

Preservation Trust
designed art glass using stylized
forms from nature, the 29
different designs of the Robie
House art glass are simply
abstract geometric forms.

105
 10x 2x

91

106
 1x
1x
6x

2x 2x 1x 1x

92

107
 3x

1x 19x

93

108
2x 1x 1x 1x

6x 2x 1x

94

109
 8x 8x 4x 1x

95

110
 1x

1x 2x 12x

96

111
 11x 5x 1x

97

112
1x 1x 3x 6x

98
1 2

113
7x 1x 2x

99

114
1x 11x 2x 1x

100

115
 3x

12x
3x
3x
4
3x 6x 9x

101 1

5
2

6
3

116
3x
With his interest in motorcars,

FLWFDN
Robie requested that Wright
include a mechanic’s pit sunk
into the ground of his deluxe
three-car garage. The garage
also included a car wash.

117
 15x 2x

102

118
 5x 9x

103

119
 1x 6x

104

120
 13x 1x 2x

105

121
 1x
1x

1x 14x 1x 2x 2x

106

122
 15x 1x

107

123
 1x 7x 2x 1x

108

124
 13x 1x 2x

109

125
 1x 14x 1x

110

126
 14x 2x

111

127
 1x 8x 1x

112

128
4x 1x 2x

2x 2x 2x 2x

113

129
1x 1x 1x

1x 1x 2x

1x 1x 1x

114

130
 1x

2x 3x 1x

115

The intricate geometric design of the

FLWFDN
house’s gates echoes the art glass
windows. Indeed, Wright saw the
gates as serving a similar function to
the windows, as they helped to create
a fluid space between the interior and
the exterior, all the while conserving a
sense of privacy.

131
1x 1x 1x 1x

1x 1x 2x

116

132
 11x 1x

117

133
 4x 7x 7x

118

134
4x 6x 3x 2x

119

135
 2x 2x 1x

120
1 2 3

136
 42x 27x

121
14x

9x

137
 1x 6x 3x

122
2x

138
6x 3x 1x 1x 6x

123
2

1 2 3
3x

139
140
6x 1x 1x 4x 6x

124 2

1 2 3
3x

3
1

141
142
6x 2x 1x 1x 6x

125
3

1 2 3
2x

4
1

2
5

143
144
 6x 9x

126 1 2 3

3x

145
 6x 6x

127
2x
2x

146
 30x 6x 30x

128
1 2
5x

6x

147
1x 1x 1x

2x 1x

129

148
10x 1x 1x

130

149
2x 1x 1x 4x

131

150
 4x

2
2x 4x 2x

1 2

2x

2x

151
 4x 2x 2x 2x 4x 2x

4 5

1 2 3 1 2 3

2x 2x

152
132

Although Wright occasionally

© Frank Lloyd Wright

Preservation Trust
designed art glass using stylized
forms from nature, the 29
di≠erent designs of the Robie
House art glass are simply
abstract geometric forms.

153
 6x

2
3x 6x 3x

1 2

3x

2x

154
8x 4x 4x 2x

1 2 3 4 5
2x

2x

155
 2x 4x 2x

1 2 3

2x

156
133

157
 2x
2x

1x 4x

134

158
 2x 1x

1x

1x

1x 1x

1x 1x 1x

159
 1x 1x 1x 2x 2x

3x 2x
5
4

1x
1x

160
 3x 1x 2x 1x
1x 1x 8x 1x

7 9

1x 1x 7x 1x 1x 12x 2x

8 10

161
 1x 9x 2x 1x 10x 2x

11 13

1x 1x 13x 14x

12 14

162
 11x 2x 1x 1x 4x 2x 6x 1x

15 17

2x 2x 2x 3x

2x 1x 2x

16

163
 24x 2x 3x

18

8x

164
18x 3x 3x 9x 18x

19
3
1 2 3
3x
3x
1

165
 1x 2x 1x
1x

3x 1x 4x 3x

20 21

166
 18x 2x

22
1 5

2 6

3 7

4 8

167
168
1x 11x 6x 1x

23
1 5

2 6

3 7

4 8

169
170
135

171
 1x

2x

172
 1x 1x
1x

4
3

173
1x 1x

1x

5
1x 1x

1 2

174
 25x
4x

7 8

175
 1x 10x
18x 2x

9 10

176
 1x 1x

11

12

177
136

178
 1x 1x

3
1x 1x

1x

Restoring the roof back to its 1910

© Frank Lloyd Wright

Preservation Trust
appearance was only made possible by
the discovery of a small number of original
tiles that had been stored in the house’s
wine cellar. The custom-made reproduction
“hip” and “ridge” tiles fit tightly to the
planes of the roof deck, as they would
have done when the house was first built.

179
 1x
1x

1x

4 1 2

180
 16x 1x
10x 1x

5 7

2x

181
 5x 1x 1x

8 9

182
137

183
 1x

2
2x 2x

1x

184
 19x 1x
1x 1x

4 6

6x
1x 1x

5 7

185
5x 2x 2x

7x

186
138

187
 3x 3x 3x

139

3x

188
 2x 2x 2x

140
2x

Wright integrated flower

© Frank Lloyd Wright

Preservation Trust
boxes or planters into his
drawings to ensure a greater
synthesis between the building
and nature.

189
 1x

141

190
 4x 7x
2x 3x 4541526 4211388
1x 4157277 4539062 2x
4210998 2x 4243797
303226
60x 6x
4585751 4211353
1x
4118790 9x 13x
6x 10x 4650865 4211549
4210997 346026
13x 3x
4539090 4211397
3x
4121921 6x
7x
15x 771x 4211438
4539071 2x
2x 416226 4539097 4565393
4211067
6x
622740
5x 12x 4x
3x
2x 4539060 4539063 4211393
4211413
245x 303426
3000840
6x 16x
10x
4651677 4558169
4211114
5x 2x 2x
4167842 4651936 4211404
4x
4x 303526 10x 12x
302301 11x 4541376 4211429
302426
12x 2x 1x
1x 4600461 4550169 2x 4211474
362301 4x 2x
4211428
300526 4514845
268x
4539114
2x 33x 1x
9x
4569379 1x 4653629
301001 379426
3x 4211386
3x 4211525
244526
4x
306926 5x 33x 5x
4650862 13x
1x 4211399 4211396 4211425
611201

63x 17x 235x

306826 428226 4211415 18x
6x
4541510 4211356
2x 4x
4114001 12x 4211462
12x
4558170
3x 4211476 28x
4583299 4211445
1x
4505051
2x 2x
3x
4113988 4215513
362226 12x 3x 5x
4539076 4211769 4211402

3x
1x 4211475
7x
7x 302026 20x
4549214 2x
4125217 4211395
4609925
16x
4211451
2x
366626 2x 32x
1x
4539083 4539105 18x
4113993
4211398

1x 3x 4x 11x 6x 191
4124067 379526 4541528 4539102 4211414
 A Word from the Artist

As an architectural Artist my desire is to capture the essence of a particular

architectural landmark into its pure sculptural form. I first and foremost do not view
my models as literal replicas, but rather my own artistic interpretations through
the use of LEGO® bricks as a medium. The LEGO brick is not initially thought of
as a material typically used in creating art or used as an artist’s medium. I quickly
discovered the LEGO brick was lending itself as naturally to my applications as
paint to a painter or metal to a blacksmith. As I explore how to capture these
buildings with the basic shapes of the bricks and plates, I find the possibilities
and challenges they offer almost magical.

Robie™ House
Our third architecturally significant home, after Fallingwater and Farnsworth, the
Robie™ House sets itself apart as being the largest, most detailed set in the
LEGO Architecture line to date. This model has been nearly 3 years in the making;
starting back in 2008 this structure was originally being considered alongside
Fallingwater and a few other Wright masterpieces. Due to the complex forms,
specific architectural proportions and subtle accents it became evident that an
accurate representation would take some time to develop.

The entire model is based on the 33-degree LEGO roof slope element. One
of the most identifiable characteristics of the structure is its shallow roof pitch,
lending to the strong expressive horizontality. This one piece would establish
the scale and thus the level of detail. Some of the details required sideways
construction to achieve upper window placements and the iconic vertical wedge-
shaped points found at each end. Other notable details include the use of 1x2
plates to show the texture of the brick façade and its coursing wrapping the
entire home and the sunken courtyard highlighted by 1x1 tile steps.

Lastly, this model was originally and intentionally left open inside so that a
flameless tea light or small battery-powered light bulb could be used to illuminate
the 88 windows from within.

– Adam Reed Tucker

192
The ‘Scale Model’ line–LEGO® Architecture in the 1960s

The history of current LEGO® Architecture series can be traced back to the taking an active interest in the design of their dream home. It was from
beginning of the 1960s when the LEGO brick’s popularity was still steadily these trends that the LEGO ‘Scale Model’ line was born in early 1962.
increasing. Godtfred Kirk Christiansen, the then owner of the company,
began looking for ways to further expand the LEGO system, and asked his The name itself was a direct link to the way architects and engineers
designers to come up with a set of new components that would add a new worked, and it was hoped that they and others would build their projects
dimension to LEGO building. ‘to scale’ in LEGO elements. As with LEGO Architecture today, the original
sets were designed to be different from the normal brightly colored LEGO
Their answer was as simple as it was revolutionary: five elements that boxes, and also included An Architectural Book for inspiration.
matched the existing bricks, but were only one third the height. These new
building ‘plates’ made it possible to construct more detailed models than Though the five elements remain an integral part of the LEGO building
before. system today, the ‘Scale Model’ line was phased out in 1965–it would
be over 40 years before its principles would be revived in the LEGO
This greater LEGO flexibility seemed to match the spirit of the age; where Architecture series we know today.
modernist architects were redefining how houses looked, and people were

193
 Architecture series

194
Landmark series References

Text credits:

Frank Lloyd Wright Preservation

Trust

Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation

Image credits:

Frank Lloyd Wright Preservation

Trust

Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation

Customer Service
Kundenservice
Service Consommateurs
Servicio Al Consumidor
www.lego.com/service or dial

00800 5346 5555 :

1-800-422-5346 :

195
LEGO and the LEGO logo are trademarks of the/sont des marques de commerce de/
son marcas registradas de LEGO Group. ©2011 The LEGO Group. 4666333