Jurnal Presipitasi

Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan Vol 19, No 3, 2022, 687-700
e-ISSN: 2550-0023 Article available at homepage presipitasi

Regional Case Study

Waste Collection and Transport Optimization of Pemalang
District Service Area, Pemalang Regency

Adranandini Noor Anisa1,2, Mochtar Hadiwidodo2*, Sudarno2, Sri Sumiyati2

1
Master Program of Environmental Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
2
Department of Environmental Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
* Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
This study was prepared with the aim to plan the optimum transportation system in Pemalang sub-
district based on traffic conditions in accordance with the desired target. The method used in this
planning uses GIS-based applications, namely network analyst and google map. The operational cost of
the vehicle in this planning is calculated by the PCI (Pacific Consultant International) method. Based on
existing conditions, the operational costs of vehicles incurred reached Rp2,361,445,231.21 while in
optimization conditions the operational costs incurred became more efficient at Rp2,913,093,684.31. The
optimum time of transportation is done at 05.00 – 12.00 to avoid peak traffic hours at 13.00 – 17.00 with
a vehicle travel speed of 47.42 km/h. Addition of freight after optimization so that it becomes 50
freight/day and the addition of containers to 9 containers. It was obtained for 2021 - 2025 as many as 17
containers as well as the addition of freight as many as 15 freight, and 6 fleets of armroll truck carriers.

Keywords: Waste management; rotation; transportation; optimization

1. Introduction
It's true that waste management has long been linked to environmental problems. In recent
years, the effects of waste on the environment have become even more apparent, as the global
population has continued to grow and produce more waste. This has led to a greater focus on waste
reduction and management strategies that can help mitigate the environmental impacts of waste. One
of the most significant environmental impacts of waste is climate change. The production and disposal
of waste generates greenhouse gases, such as methane and carbon dioxide, which contribute to global
warming. Landfills are a major source of methane emissions, as organic waste decomposes and
produces the gas. Another major environmental impact of waste is toxicity (Bachanova et al., 2009).
Many waste materials, such as electronic waste or hazardous waste, contain toxic substances that can be
harmful to human health and the environment. When these materials are not properly managed, they
can leach into the soil and water, contaminating both and potentially causing harm to plants, animals,
and people (Dobrowolski et al., 2018).
Finally, waste can also lead to resource depletion. When materials are not recycled or
repurposed, they are often discarded and sent to landfills, where they take up space and resources. This
can lead to a depletion of natural resources, as new materials must be extracted to replace the ones that
were wasted. Inefficient recycling processes can also lead to the waste of resources, as materials are not
properly separated and processed (Bakas et al., 2018; Stentiford et al., 2011). Overall, waste management
is an important issue with significant environmental impacts.

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The city and trade center in Pemalang Regency is Pemalang District. Pemalang District,
Pemalang Regency with an area of 101.93 km2 has a population of 204,370 (BPS, 2019). These human
activities will cause quite a lot of waste generation. The availability of a waste handling system is a part
that should be prioritized to meet the needs of the community. Increased economic activity in
Pemalang District has resulted in an increase in the amount of waste that must be managed. Based on
Damanhuri and Padmi (2010) it is estimated that at most only 60-70% of waste can be transported to
the Final Disposal Site (Landfill) by responsible institutions, while the part that is not transported is
handled by the community independently or it can be scattered and thrown away anywhere. To support
the waste handling system, good handling is needed, one of which is the handling of waste
transportation routes.
Waste transportation is one of the problems including making decisions regarding waste
collection routes which will determine the total distance traveled by the fleet (Sri and Endah, 2014). In
order to minimize the cost of transporting waste, there are several ways to do it, such as optimizing
transport vehicle routes, determining the location of the landfill and placing the right trash cans to
minimize the vehicles used, modifying transport schedules, optimizing fleets, combining information
related to traffic conditions to avoid traffic jams. (Han, 2015).
Waste transportation is strongly influenced by the growth rate of the industrial, economic,
agricultural and trade sectors. In waste transportation planning activities, selecting vehicle routes and
transportation schedules are essential in determining the total distance travelled by the fleet (Han,
2015). A transport route/pattern can be optimal if designed as short as possible, and II-9 has the least
resistance from Wast Collectition Site (WCS) to landfill points (Ridha et al., 2016). Problems related to
waste transportation include making decisions regarding Waste collection routes which will determine
the total distance travelled by the fleet (Sri & Endah, 2014).
Total waste generation in Pemalang District in 2019 was 124 m3/day (Sie. Waste Management
and B3 Waste, 2019). As the population increases and human activity increases, the amount of waste
generated also increases. This causes densely populated areas to find space such as WCS/Landfill
(Wibowo, 2011). The level of service for waste transportation in Pemalang District is still relatively small,
namely 40.05%. There are several WCS that have excess waste generation which results in scattered
waste and not being transported directly on the day the waste collection takes place, one of which is
WCS Pasar Paduraksa, WCS Kramat and WCS Sewaka. The waste will pile up and wait until the dump
truck has a certain capacity, causing a quite pungent odor around WCS Paduraksa, WCS Kramat and
WCS Sewaka. Transportation on dump trucks is carried out every day, but there is still residual waste
that will continue to accumulate every day. Then the dump truck that carries the remaining waste at
the WCS does not wait at the pool but waits at the WCS until the waste fills the dump truck and is
ready to be transported to the landfill.
The waste transportation system cannot be separated from the transportation route from WCS
to Landfill, where road conditions, route distance, vehicle speed and type of road traversed can affect
transportation time (Ambariski, 2016). The absence of firmness from the relevant agencies regarding
more optimal transportation times and transportation routes has resulted in the number of trips that
can change every day according to road conditions. In addition to affecting transportation time, routes
and road conditions also affect the costs incurred by the agency for management, these costs are mostly
found in the operation of transport vehicles (Subandriyo et al, 2014). Vehicle operating costs are based
on vehicle speed, the higher the vehicle speed, the smaller the vehicle operating costs (Burhamtoro,
2016). Meanwhile, the average speed of waste collection vehicles is relatively low due to the selection of
transport times during rush hours on the main roads of Pemalang Regency, such as Jl. General Gatot
Subroto, Jl. I-3 Ahmad Yani, Jl.Pemuda, and Jl. Dr. Wahidin. At the time of departure and when
returning from work, there is a traffic jam at the Sirandu intersection that connects Jl. Dr. Wahidin, Jl.
Dr. Ahmad Dahlan, Jl. Ahmad Yani and Jl. Jend. Gatot Subroto. This congestion is one of the obstacles

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when transporting waste, coupled with the absence of regulations or fixed routes for waste
transportation which results in waste truck drivers being careless.
Based on KBBI optimization is an effort or method to get the best results, so optimization is an
action, process, or methodology to make something more effective and efficient. Optimization is
adjusted to the facilities and infrastructure that are already owned by the local government and is also
adjusted to the condition of the roads on the transportation route. Waste transportation routes must be
made as effective and efficient as possible in terms of cost and time so as to get the most optimal route.
Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the waste transportation system to improve services in the field of
waste transportation in Pemalang District at this time
This research was conducted because no one has previously analyzed waste management in
Pemalang District, and because the district is known to be a major producer of waste. By studying waste
management in Pemalang District, this research can provide valuable insights into the current state of
waste management in the area, and can serve as a model for other regions to improve their own waste
management practices. This can help to protect the environment and reduce the negative impacts of
waste on our planet.

2. Methods
2.1 Sampling Technique
Sampling was carried out using the "My Track" application to determine the speed of waste
transport vehicles in existing conditions, both when loaded and empty. Vehicle samples for routing
include 1 type of dump truck vehicle and 1 type of arm roll vehicle. Routing for each of these vehicles is
carried out on weekdays and holidays. Road density is measured using traffic counting from road CCTV
managed by the Traffic Department of the Transportation Service by paying attention to vehicle side
activity and geometric characteristics.

2.2 Sample Collection Techniques

We obtained primary and secondary data collection from the Pemalang District Office, the
Central Bureau of Statistics of Pemalang Regency, the Environmental Service of Pemalang Regency, the
Public Works Office and the Transportation Office of Pemalang City. Primary data was obtained from
direct observation and interviews. Secondary data was obtained from a documentation study with an
inventory of data. The primary and secondary data needed in this plan are in the table.
Table 1. Data collection technique
Data Data
No Data Requirements Data Source collection Collection
technique Tool
Assess the existing condition of the area
1. Regional and socio-economic conditions
Badan Pusat Monograph
1 a. Geographical Conditions Documentation
Statistik Data
b. Total population
c. Administration Map
Assessing the existing condition of the waste
transportation system Operational
1. Waste service and transportation Data of
a. Waste transport routes Pemalang
Dinas Interview,
b. Waste transport system Regency
2 Lingkungan Documentation,
c. Number of fleet, type of fleet, solid waste,
Hidup and observation
and fleet capacity notebook,
d. Service area Waste generation at camera,
WCS and Landfill originating flashdisk
from Pemalang District

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Data Data
No Data Requirements Data Source collection Collection
technique Tool
2. Waste Operational Costs
a. Maintenance costs
b. Travel expense
c. Employee salary
d. Miscellaneous expense
Observation
Dinas sheet,
Assess the effect of traffic conditions on the transport Observation,
Perhubungan, inventory,
route study of
3 Dinas Harddisk¸
1. The number of vehicles passing on the route documents,
Pekerjaan Multiple
2. Type and path calculations
Umum Counting
application
Optimization of the waste transportation system
1. The time it takes the truck to transport the
filled container (pc)
2. Time taken by the truck to empty the
container (uc) Routing,
3. Time needed to cover the distance between Calculations,
GPS,
WCS (tdbc) interviews,
Stopwatch,
4 4. Time of loading and unloading at landfill(s) Waste Officer documentation,
Notebook,
5. Time required from WCS to landfill (h1) observation,
camera
6. Time taken from landfill to WCS (h2) study of
7. The time required from the pool to the WCS documents
(t1) and from the landfill to the pool (t2)
8. Distance from WCS to landfill
9. Off route factor
10. The condition of the waste collection fleet

2.3 Data Processing Techniques

Data processing techniques in this plan include editing and tabulation of data. Editing is done
to evaluate the completeness of the data and suitability with the required data criteria. Analysis of the
waste transportation system in Pemalang Sub-District in existing conditions was carried out to
determine per capita waste generation, the level of service for waste transportation, the operational
time for waste transportation in Pemalang District, and vehicle operating costs in existing conditions.
Vehicle operating time is analyzed based on Permen PU No. 3 of 2013. Vehicle operating costs in
existing conditions are calculated using the Pacific Consultant International (PCI) method, which can
be seen in formulas 2.20 to 2.28. However, wages and mechanic costs are not calculated based on PCI
because the Regional Government of Pemalang Regency has determined labour wages. In contrast,
mechanical costs are based on the vehicle care and maintenance period.
Analysis of traffic conditions is to determine fluctuations in traffic density on roads in
Pemalang Regency, which analysis of traffic conditions can then use to determine the time segment in
waste transportation operations. In addition, The analysis can use to determine the Level of Service
(road performance) and the travel speed of vehicles on that road section. This traffic density analysis
includes vehicle volume analysis, road capacity analysis, III-6 degrees of saturation analysis, time
segment analysis, and vehicle travel speed analysis.

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Figure. 1 Flowchart of this research

After the calculation obtained, vehicle volume from traffic counting on urban roads in
Pemalang Regency included data on the number of light, medium and motorcycle vehicles. The road is
obtained based on observations of the physical condition of the road in the form of type, width of the
road, presence of a median, kerb or shoulder of the road, as well as roadside barriers which include the
number of pedestrians, slow vehicles, vehicles going in and out and parked or stopped vehicles. Road
capacity is calculated based on MKJI (1997). The degree of traffic saturation (DJ) is obtained from the
analysis of vehicle volume and road capacity, which is the ratio of road volume and
capacity.Optimization was carried out using the Network Analyst on ArcMap 10.4.1 software. Based on
the results of road performance analysis at each time segment, road performance values are obtained,
which are expressed in the Level of Service. Road sections with a value of D to F in each time segment
are not recommended to be passed, so they are used as road barriers. However, it is still considered if
the vehicle travel time is faster by going through these roads. The results of the Network Analyst are

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then compared with transportation routes based on Google Maps. After obtaining the waste
transportation route for each time segment, optimization is carried out with several alternatives based
on the predetermined combination of time segments. The chosen alternative is an alternative with a
suitable time and efficient operational costs. This alternative has been used for planning the waste
transportation system in Pemalang District for five years.

3. Result and Discussion

3.1 Overview of the Area and Waste Transportation System in Pemalang District
Pemalang District is the center of Pemalang Regency, seen from the Administrative Map of
Pemalang District, which can be seen from Figure Pemalang District is one of the sub-districts in
2
Pemalang Regency with an area of 101.93km (BPS, 2020), with the following area boundaries:
West Boundary : Tegal District
South Boundary : Bantarbolang District and Randudongkal District
East Boundary : Bantarbolang District and Taman District
North Boundary : Java Sea

Figure 2. Administrative and geographical map of Pemalang sub-district

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Pemalang District is one of the Districts in Pemalang District. The number of sub-districts
owned is 13 villages and six sub-districts, 185 RW and 835 RT. Of the 13 towns and six sub-districts, the
highest number of neighborhood associations (RT) is Mulyoharjo Sub-District, with 111 of 24 RWs (BPS,
2019).The waste transport system in Pemalang District is managed directly by the Cleanliness and
Waste Unit of the DLH Kab. Pemalang. The UKP Kab governs Waste transportation. Pemalang from
WCS is transported using arm roll trucks and dump trucks while riding along city roads using pickups
and Tossa.
Waste in the WCS is transported daily to the Pesalakan Landfill using arm roll trucks and dump
trucks. Officer will haul the trash with excess generation by adding it on certain days optionally,
depending on the existing conditions. Waste transportation is carried out daily with a time range of
06.00 Western Indonesian Time (WIT) – 16.00 WIT with total working hours of 10 hours per day.
Pemalang District has 24 WCS serving seven sub-districts and nine villages. Four villages do not
have WCS: Sungapan Village, Surajaya Village, Banjarmulya Village, and Pegongsoran Village. The
number of WCS in Pemalang District Village can be seen in Table 2.

Table 2. Number of WCS in Pemalang district village

Village Name Number of WCS
Banjarmulya -
Surajaya -
Pegongsoran -
Sungapan -
Paduraksa 1
Kramat 1
Wanamulya 2
Mengori 1
Sewaka 1
Saradan 1
Bojongbata 2
Bojongnangka 1
Tambakrejo 1
Kebondalem 1
Mulyoharjo 4
Pelutan 1
Lawangrejo 2
Sugihwaras 3
Widuri 1
Danasari 1
Total 24

Pemalang District in 2020 had three units of arm roll trucks and 12 units of dump trucks.
Transport vehicles in Pemalang District have brands, colors, and years of operation. The following
details of the trucks transporting Waste in Pemalang District can be seen in table 3.

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Table 3. Waste transport truck in Pemalang district

Police number Type Merk Year Color
G 9553 M Dump Hino 2016 Green
B 9309 SOQ Dump Isuzu 1996 Yellow
G 9534 W Dump Hino 2016 Green
G 9550 D Dump Hino 2016 Green
G 9536 D Dump Hino 2016 Green
G 9532 M Dump Hino 2016 Green
G 9538 D Dump Mitshubisi 2004 Yellow
G 9533 W Dump Mitshubisi 2004 Yellow
G 9536 M Dump Mitshubisi 2004 Yellow
G 9549 D Dump Mitshubisi 2004 Yellow
G 9535 W Dump Hino 2016 Green
G 9533 D Arm roll Mitshubisi 2004 Yellow
G 9534 D Arm roll Mitshubisi 2004 Yellow
G 9598 W Arm roll Mitshubisi 2004 Yellow
G 9566 W Dump Hino 2016 Green
Sumber : UKP DLH Kab. Pemalang, 2020

The Cleaning and Waste Unit of the DLH Pemalang Regency manages funding for solid waste
in Pemalang Regency. The funding provided by DLH covers the fuel needs of vehicles, maintenance,
and maintenance of cars, the addition of Waste facilities and infrastructure, and labor wages. Pemalang
District receives 14 L/trip for each dump truck vehicle, while for the arms roll, it is 11 L/trip. The
material used for the transport trucks is diesel fuel with a price of Rp. 9400,-. Every year maintenance of
vehicles is carried out under the policies of each driver. Details of the financing for waste management
in Pemalang Regency can be seen in Table 4.
Table 4. Details of waste operational costs in Pemalang district
Type Unit Price

Labor Wages Person/month Rp1,400,000

Lubricant L/6 month Rp1,750,000
Fuel Truck/month Rp3,000,000
Mechanical Cost Person/truck Rp50,000
Tire 4 pieces/truck Rp8,000,000
Arm roll truck Unit Rp4,500,000,000
Dump truck Unit Rp450,000,000
Container Unit Rp23,000,000

3.2 Road Conditions and Waste Transportation Traffic

The researcher obtained the width of the road passed by the Waste collection vehicles from the
District Public Works Office documents. Malang. According to SNI 19-2454-2, during operation, waste
transport vehicles are prohibited from obstructing other cars on the road so that the truck's minimum
width of the road can pass four m. Waste transport vehicles with the brands Hino, Isuzu and
Mitsubishi in Pemalang District have a width of 2 m and other vehicles with an average width of 1.6 m.
The Pemalang District Public Works Office did not record several roads on the waste transportation

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route in Pemalang District because they were in the process of being renovated. The width of the
unrecorded path was obtained using observations from digitization using the Google Earth Pro
application.
The saturation of the waste transportation route in the Pemalang sub-district was obtained
from observations for four days of routing and the results of traffic-counting calculations using CCTV
from the Pemalang Regency Transportation Agency by taking three-time segments for 1 hour with a
sample of 20 minutes, namely morning (05.00-10.00), during the day (10.00-15.00) and evening (15.00-
18.00) on roads that appear to have congestion points.
The volume of vehicles was increased on two roads, namely Jalan Gatot Subroto and Jalan
Ahmad Yani, with a peak at 15.00-17.00. The increase was due to the high number of vehicles during
lunchtime for the workers. The calculation of vehicle volume divided into three time segments can be
seen in Table 5. Fluctuations in vehicle volume per time segment on Jl. Jend Gatot Subroto, Jl. KH
Ahmad Dahlan and Jl. Ahmad Yani on weekdays and holidays can be seen in Figure 5.12 and Figure 5.13

3500

3000
Degree of Saturation

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0
09.00-10.00
05.00-06.00

06.00-07.00

07.00-08.00

08.00-09.00

10.00-11.00

11.00-12.00

12.00-13.00

13.00-14.00

14.00-15.00

15.00-16.00

16.00-17.00
Sample Time Segment

Jl. Jend. Gatot Subroto Jl.KH Ahmad Dahlan Jl. Ahmad Yani

Figure 3. The volume of vehicles through the critical route from the Pemalang District Waste
Transportation route on weekdays

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4000

Degree of Saturation 3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0
05.00-06.00

06.00-07.00

07.00-08.00

08.00-09.00

09.00-10.00

10.00-11.00

11.00-12.00

12.00-13.00

13.00-14.00

14.00-15.00

15.00-16.00

16.00-17.00
Sample Time Segment

Jl. Jend. Gatot Subroto Jl.KH Ahmad Dahlan Jl. Ahmad Yani

Figure 4. The volume of vehicles through the critical route from the Pemalang District Waste
Transportation route on weekend

Based on the calculation above, it is found that the speed of the vehicle free flow on the Jl.
Gatot Subroto 57 km/hour, to find out the speed of the vehicle's travel on the road section, was
obtained by drawing a line of relationship between the speed of vehicle free flow on the road (FV) with
the degree of saturation on the road section (DS). Based on the calculation results, the highest speed is
obtained on Jalan Jend Gatot Subroto, 51.14 km/hour, and the lowest rate is on Jl. Ahmad Yani is 44.26
km/hour, so it can be calculated as the average speed of all the speeds of transport vehicles in Pemalang
District that pass the road with the most optimal LOS, equal to 47.42 km/hour.

3.3 Analysis of Optimization of the Waste Transportation System in Pemalang District

Optimization of the Pemalang District waste transportation route was carried out by
observation, interviews with truck drivers, interviews with the field coordinator of the transportation
section, and network analyst features in the ArcGIS application. Three distance-optimized arm roll
vehicles are marked in orange. On WCS Lap arm roll vehicles. The order has the most changes, with the
difference reaching 3.7 km. Meanwhile, based on the calculation found the slightest change in distance
in WCS Pasar Pagi. Dump truck vehicles have a difference in distance changes. The number of route
changes to dump trucks was 13.37 km; the route changes with the most significant distance difference
were G 9550 D vehicles serving SD Lawangrejo WCS and SPBG Lawangrejo WCS. Of the 12 dump
trucks, this research did not optimize only four cars.

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Table 5. Changes in distance and travel time for arm roll waste transportation routes after optimization
Vehicle Route Distance Total Distance Total differences
license (km) (km/hari) after
plate optimization
number (km)
G 9533 D Pool Ukp - Wcs Wijaya 4.27 68.69 4.27 67.79 0.9
Kusuma
Wcs Wijaya Kusuma - 11.1 10.8
Landfill Pegongsoran
Landfill Pegongsoran - 11.4 11.4
Wcs Wijaya Kusuma
Wcs Wijaya Kusuma - 11.1 10.8
Landfill Pegongsoran
Landfill Pegongsoran - 11.4 11.4
Wcs Wijaya Kusuma
Wcs Wijaya Kusuma - 11.1 10.8
Landfill Pegongsoran
Landfill Pegongsoran - 8.32 8.32
Pool Ukp Information:
G 9534 D Pool Ukp - Wcs Lap. 3.31 64.13 3.31 60.4 3.7
Tertib 3
Wcs Lap. Tertib - Landfill 10.5 9.76 Optimized
Pegongsoran route
Landfill Pegongsoran - 10.5 9.76
Wcs Lap Tertib
Wcs Lap. Tertib - Landfill 10.5 9.76
Pegongsoran
Landfill Pegongsoran - 10.5 9.76
Wcs Lap Tertib
Wcs Lap. Tertb - Landfill 10.5 9.76
Pegongsoran
Landfill Pegongsoran - 8.32 8.32
Pool Ukp
G 9598 M Pool Ukp - Wcs Ps. Pagi 3.2 63.62 3.2 63.02 0.6
Wcs Ps. Pagi - Landfill 10.5 10.3
Pegongsoran
Landfill Pegongsoran - 10.3 10.3
Wcs Ps. Pagi
Wcs Ps. Pagi - Landfill 10.5 10.3
Pegongsoran
Landfill Pegongsoran - 10.3 10.3
Wcs Ps. Pagi
Wcs Ps. Pagi - Landfill 10.5 10.3
Pegongsoran
Landfill Pegongsoran - 8.32 8.32
Pool Ukp

The addition of containers is adjusted to the remaining working time and the number of
repetitions per day. But The container must also change to WCS, which has excess generation such as

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WCS Ps. Morning and WCS Lap. Orderly and spacious WCS so that the added containers are clear of
the entry and exit of transport vehicles. In optimizing the transportation of waste in Pemalang District,
there are additions. Details of adding containers to each WCS in Pemalang District are presented in
Table 5.50. There are 2 WCS whose containers have increased so that the number of containers in
Pemalang District, which was previously 7, has now become 9. The addition of 2 containers is placed at
WCS Ps. Morning and one container at WCS Lap. It was orderly because much trash was scattered
around the WCS, so when it rained, it caused a more pungent odour.

Table 6. Additional containers at WCS Pemalang district

Vehicle WCS Name Number of Container Number of Number of
Police Rebates Capacity (m3) Containers Optimization
Number (Existing) Containers
G 9533 D WCS Wijaya 3 8 3 3
Kusuma
G 9534 D WCS Lap. Tertib 3 8 2 3
G 9598 M WCS Ps. Pagi 3 8 2 3

The percentage of services will increase due to the addition of containers and the rotation of
both Arm roll vehicles and dump trucks so that the volume of waste that goes to the landfill will
increase. The destruction that previously entered the landfill was 527.763 m3/day to 621.10 m3/day. At
the same time, WCS's service level increased due to the addition of containers that initially numbered 7
to 9 waste containers. There was an increase in the number of served residents after optimization to
210267 people, and the percentage of waste going to landfill adjusted for waste generation, initially only
40.017% to 78.21%.
The calculation of operational costs for existing vehicles in Pemalang District in 2020 is based
on data from the DLH Pemalang Regency in Table 5.53 and the PCI method, which requires an average
daily vehicle speed. With this method, the data from the transport vehicle will be converted into a
Rupiah value/1000 Km of distance travelled. Optimization by choosing a more optimal route, changes in
vehicle speed, and the addition of roads and containers will affect vehicle operating costs.

Table 7. Basic data on vehicle operational costs in Pemalang district

No Type Units Price

1 Labor wages Person/month IDR 1,926,000

2 Fuel L IDR 5,150
3 Mechanic fee Person/truck IDR 50,000
4 Tire 4 fruit/truck IDR 8,800,000
5 Armroll trucks Unit IDR 450,000,000
6 Dump trucks Unit IDR 450,000,000
7 Container Unit IDR 25,300,000
8 Lubricant L IDR 45,000
9 Arm Roll Truck Speed km/hour 47.43
10 Dump Truck Speed km/hour 47.43

The total vehicle operating costs in Table 5.55 has increased from before optimization due to
the addition of 2 containers and the addition of existing routes. The previous fee was IDR 2,597,589,754

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to IDR 2,913,093,684.31. According to the 2020 Pemalang Regency APBD regarding the Maintenance
Budget for Waste Facilities and Infrastructure, which has a value of Rp. 7,340,000,000.00.

Table 8. Calculation of waste management costs in Pemalang district

Subject Existing Optimization
Year 2020 2021
Served Residents 57,200 91,650
KK Served 11,440 18,330
Total Budget/Year IDR 2,597,589,754 IDR 2,913,093,684.31
Percent of Retribution Fee/Year 8% 8%
Retribution Fee/Year IDR 207,807,180 IDR 233,047,495
Retribution Fee (Rp/KK/Year) IDR 18,165 IDR 12,714
Retribution Fee (Rp/KK/Month) IDR 1,514 IDR 1,059

Retribution fees are costs paid by served residents because, according to the Environmental
Service, APBD funds not only consist of vehicle operating costs but also include retribution costs.
According to table 5.55, the Pemalang District fee is 8% per month. So that each family head has to pay
Rp. 1,059/month, this amount had decreased, although not significantly compared to the cost before
optimization, which was Rp. 1,1514/month. This is because, after optimization, the number of served
populations is more significant. Retribution fees are obtained from the total transportation
management costs divided by the number of served households.

4. Conclusions
The existing waste transportation system in Pemalang District has 24 WCS in 9 villages and six
sub-districts, with 21 WCS served by 15 dump trucks and 3 WCS served by arm roll trucks with seven
containers, leaving an average working hour of 3.07 hours/day. So that the percentage of waste
transportation services from WCS to landfill is obtained at 40.017%, and the operational vehicle costs
incurred reach IDR 2,361,445,231.21. The existing condition of Kec. Pemalang is classified as not optimal.
There need to be additional rotations and working hours that are not yet efficient. Traffic conditions
and the roads passed by waste trucks in the existing conditions have a high saturation, namely on Jl.
Jend Gatot Subroto, Jl. Ahmad Yani. So that the optimum time to pass through the three roads is
obtained at 05.00-12.00 to avoid peak traffic jams at 13.00-17.00 with a vehicle travel speed of 47.42
km/hour. Route optimization was carried out at 16 WCS out of 25 WCS served by DLH Kab. Pemalang.
Route optimization followed by transportation operational time becomes more efficient by optimizing
the remaining working hours to 1.98 hours/day due to the addition of rotations and adding 38
repetitions/day to 50 repetitions/day and containers from 7 containers to 9 containers. So, the
percentage of waste transportation services in 2020 from WCS to landfill is 78.21%. The operational
costs of the vehicles incurred have become more efficient even though they are more significant than
the existing conditions due to the addition of containers and the addition of remittances, which is IDR
2,913,093,684.31. Optimization is continued with projections for the next five years. The percentage of
services in 2025 is 91.6%, with a population of 253,557 people. The number of containers added from
2021 – 2025 is 17 containers, followed by the addition of 15 repetitions and six arm roll trucks. Pemalang
Sub-District needs to have SOPs, so transport officers are more orderly and avoid work accidents.

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