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Unit I Summary

This document discusses acoustic and auditory phonetics. It explains that acoustic phonetics analyzes speech sounds using measurements like frequency, amplitude from sound waves. PRAAT is software that visualizes these acoustic properties using oscillograms and spectrograms. Oscillograms show amplitude over time, while spectrograms show frequency and intensity over time, revealing formants that determine speech sound quality. The document provides examples of how acoustic measurements correlate to auditory perceptions of volume, loudness, pitch.

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13 views12 pages

Unit I Summary

This document discusses acoustic and auditory phonetics. It explains that acoustic phonetics analyzes speech sounds using measurements like frequency, amplitude from sound waves. PRAAT is software that visualizes these acoustic properties using oscillograms and spectrograms. Oscillograms show amplitude over time, while spectrograms show frequency and intensity over time, revealing formants that determine speech sound quality. The document provides examples of how acoustic measurements correlate to auditory perceptions of volume, loudness, pitch.

Uploaded by

fun house
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Phonetics &

Company
Phonology II
LOGO

Unit 1: Acoustic and


Auditory Aspects of the
Sounds of Speech

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Phonetics &
Phonology II
Branches of Phonetics
LOGO

• Articulatory Phonetics

• Auditory Phonetics

• Acoustic Phonetics
• Purpose

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Company
Phonetics &
Phonology II
Acoustic Phonetics & PRAAT
LOGO

• Sound Wave

• Speech sound waves


can be analysed in
terms of their acoustic
properties (frequency,
amplitude, etc)

• PRAAT: computer
program that enables
visualising ,
annotating , and
analysing sounds.

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Phonetics &
Phonology II
What does PRAAT show?
LOGO

• Speech acoustic
analysis can be
realised by using:

Oscillogram

Spectrogram

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Phonetics &
Phonology II
What’s an Oscillogram?
LOGO

• An oscillogram
represents
speech
signals
vertical axis:amplitude

horizontal axis: time


(duration)

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Phonetics &
Phonology II
What’s Amplitude?
LOGO

Amplitude or
Intensity

“Maximum distance that a vibrating particle moves”


• The size of the sound waves
• Measured in decibels (dB)
• People hear amplitude as loudness or volume
(Auditory Phonetics)
• The greater the size of the wave, the louder the
sound or the higher the volume
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Phonetics &
Phonology II
What’s a Spectrogram?
LOGO

• Graphic
representation of
sounds in terms of
their component
frequencies.
• Three dimensions:

Vertical axis: Frequency

Horizontal axis: Time

Dark shading: acoustic


energy (formantsF1, F2, F3)
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Phonetics &
Phonology II
What is Frequency?
LOGO

• The frequency of
a sound wave is
how often the wave
repeats itself. It is
the number of
complete repetitions
or cycles in a period • Measured in Hertz (Hz)
of time
• People hear frequency as pitch
(auditory phonetics)
• The greater the number of cycles,
the higher the pitch

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Phonetics &
Phonology II
What are Formants?
LOGO

• Formants are energy


peaks that determine
the quality of sounds

• Vowels have clearly


defined formant bars

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Phonetics &
Phonology II
Exercise 1: Compare the two graphs and
LOGO
choose the correct statement:

• Graph a.

• Graph b.

1. Graph a. shows higher pitch and lower volume than b.


2. Graph b. shows lower pitch and lower volume than a.
3. Graph b. shows higher pitch and higher volume than a.

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Phonetics &
Phonology II
Exercise 2 (Guidelines)
LOGO

• Graph a.

• Graph b.

1. Graph b. shows lower pitch and lower volume than a.


2. Graph b. shows higher pitch and higher volume than a.
3. Graph a. shows lower pitch and higher volume than b.

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Phonetics &
Phonology II
Correlation between Auditory
LOGO
Phonetics & Acoustic Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics Auditory Phonetics

Amplitude or Intensity Perceived as


(Measured in dB) volume or loudness

Frequency Perceived as
(Measured in Hz) pitch

The greater the size of the wave the louder the sound.

The greater the number of cycles the higher the pitch.


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