Black Book

WEIGHT AND LEAKAGE DETECTION MONITORING
OF GAS USING IOT
A Report submitted to
DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR

TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, LONERE
In partial fulfillment for degree of
Bachelor of Technology
in
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
By
SR Prn
Name of Students
No. No.
1 YASH RAJU MOHITE 2062691293012
2 SAMIKSHA JITENDRA MANE 2062691293020
3 PRATIKSHA PRASHANT LIGADE 1962691293049
4 NIKITA DAGDU EDAKE 1962691293059

5 POOJA VILAS MANE 1962691293050
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

PROF. MISS.S. A. PATIL
PADMABHOOSHAN VASANTRAODADA PATIL
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,
i
BUDHGAON
2022-23
ii
PADMABHOOSHAN VASANTRAODADA PATIL INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY, BUDHGAON
Department of Electrical Engineering
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the report of
WEIGHT AND LEAKAGE DETECTION MONITORING
OF GAS USING IOT
Submitted by
SR Prn
No. Name of Students
No.

to DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, LONERE in
partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of B tech in Electrical Engineering is a bona fide
record of project work carried out by him/her under my/our supervision. The contents of this
report, in full or in parts, have not been submitted to any other Institution or University for the
award of any degree.
Prof.Miss .S. A. Patil Prof.Dr. L. S Patil Prof..Dr.D.V.Ghewade

Guide Head of Department Principal
ii
i
DECLARATIO
I declare that this project report titled “Weight and Leakage Monitoring Of Gas Using
IOT” submitted in partial fulfillment of the degree of B. Tech in Electrical Engineering is a
record of original work carried out by me under the supervision of PROF. S. A. PATIL and
has not formed the basis for the award of any other degree or diploma, in this or any other
Institution or University. In keeping with the ethical practice in reporting scientific
information, due acknowledgements have been made wherever the findings of others have
been cited.
SR Prn
No.

Budhgaon,
416304
15/06/2023
i
AKNOWLEDGEMEN
During the selection of topic entitled as “Weight and Leakage Monitoring Of Gas Using
IOT” The help we received from our professors, family, and friends is invaluable and we are
forever indebted to them.
We would first like to express our gratitude to our Principal Dr. D. V. Ghewade, Our HOD
Prof. L.S. Patil and our Guide Prof. S. A. PATIL for their immense support, suggestion,
encouragement and interest in our seminar work. Without their invaluable suggestions our
seminar topic selection would be incomplete.
Last but not least, we would like to thank our friends, parents and group members for their
belief and patience in our endeavour.
SR Prn
No.

i
ABSTRACT
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a main source of fuel, especially in urban areas because
it is clean compared to firewood and charcoal. Gas leakage is a major problem in the industrial sector,
residential premises, etc. Nowadays, home security has become a major issue because of increasing gas
leakage. Gas leakage is a source of great anxiety with ateliers, residential areas and vehicles like
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), buses, and cars which are run on gas power. One of the preventive
methods to stop accidents associated with the gas leakage is to install a gas leakage detection kit at
vulnerable places. The aim is to propose and discuss a design of a gas leakage detection system that can
automatically detect, alert and control gas leakage. This proposed system also includes an alerting
system for the users. The system is based on a sensor that easily detects a gas leakage.
A cost-effective, automatic Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) booking, leakage detection and
real time gas monitoring system is proposed. In this system, the LPG leakage is detected through the
sensor and information is sent to the user by Short Message Service (SMS) and simultaneously alerts
the customer using a GSM module, while activating the alarm and exhaust fan. The additional
advantage of the system is that it continuously monitors the level of the LPG present in the cylinder
using weight sensor and automatically books the cylinder using a GSM module.
v
TABLE OF
DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.
CERTIFICATE i
DECLARATION ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii
ABSTRACT iv
LIST OF FIGURES v
LIST OF TABLES vi
1. INTRODUCTION 9
2. LITERATURE SURVEY 12
3. OBJECTIVES 16
4. METHODOLOGY 17
A. BLOCK DIAGRAM 17
B. CODE 21
5. CONTROL CIRCUIT 27
A. FLOW CHART 27
B. FLOW CHART OF GAS LEAKAGE DETECTION 28
C. FLOW CHART OF AUTOMATIC GAS BOOKING 29
6. HARDWARE DETAILS 30
7. PROJECT MODEL IMAGES 38
8. TIMELINE 40
9. ESTIMATED COST 41
10. CONCLUSION 42
11. REFERENCES 43
v
LIST OF
FIGURE TITLE PAGE NUMBER
4.1. System Architecture 17
5.1 Circuit Diagram 26
5.2 Flow Chart 27
5.2.1 Flow Chart Of Gas Leakage Detection 28
5.2.2 Flow Chart Of Automatic Gas Leakage 29
6.1.1 Arduino UNO 31
6.2 ATMEGA328 IC 32
6.3 HX711 Load Cell Amplifier 33
6.4 Motor Drive Circuit 34
6.5 MQ6 Gas Sensor 35
6.6 Load Cell 36
6.7 GSM Module 37
6.8 Project Model images 38
v
LIST OF
TABLE TITLE PAGE NUMBER
7.1 Timeline 40
8.1 Estimated Costing 41
vi
WEIGHT AND LEAKAGE DETECTION MONITORING OF GAS USING
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
LPG is one of the clean fuel. It is most widely being used in India. It is being used for
household purposes as well as for industrial purposes also. In case of household use it is mostly
used in kitchen for cooking, whereas in case of industrial purpose it is being used in various
industrial processes such as gas cutting, gas welding, metallurgical industries, steel plants, glass
cutting, pharmaceutical industries and many more. Apart from this the gas cylinders are also
used in schools, colleges, hospitals, hotels and restaurants and many other places. In the past
years the demand for use of LPG have increased sustainably and will continue to rise. But with
the increase in demand of use of LPG the rate of accidents caused due to it have also increased
in the past few years. The majority of the accidents are due to the explosion of LPG cylinder.
But, sometimes very small quantity of gas leakage is unnoticed and is responsible for the further
major accident. The other problem which is faced by the users of LPG cylinder is the untimely
emptying of the cylinder. We have used IoT (Internet of Things) in this project. It is the cloud
service which will gather and store the data.
The Internet of Things is a developing theme of specialized, social, and financial
essentialness. Buyer items, strong products, autos and trucks, mechanical and utility segments,
sensors, and other ordinary articles are being joined with Internet network and great information
systematic abilities that guarantee to change the manner in which we work, live, and play.
Projections for the effect of IoT on the Internet and economy are noteworthy, with some
foreseeing upwards of 100 billion associated IoT gadgets and a worldwide financial effect of
more than $11 trillion by 2025. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a critical theme in innovation
industry, strategy, and designing circles. This innovation is exemplified in a wide range of
arranged items, frameworks, and sensors, which exploit headways in registering power, gadgets
scaling down, and organize interconnections to offer new abilities. The huge scale of IoT
gadgets guarantees to change numerous parts of the manner in which we live. For shoppers,
new IoT items like Internet-empowered apparatuses, home computerization parts, and vitality
administration gadgets are pushing us toward a dream of the "savvy home'', offering greater
security and vitality effectiveness. IoT frameworks like arranged vehicles, clever activity
frameworks, and sensors installed in streets and extensions draw us nearer to "shrewd urban
communities'', which help limit clog and vitality utilization. IoT innovation offers the likelihood
9
to change horticulture, industry, and vitality creation and conveyance by expanding the
accessibility of data along the esteem chain of generation utilizing arranged sensors.
LPG, first produced in 1910 by Dr. Walter Snelling is a mixture of Commercial Propane and
Commercial Butane having saturated as well as unsaturated hydrocarbons. Because of the
versatile nature of LPG it is used for many needs such as domestic fuel, industrial fuel,
automobile fuel, heating, illumination etc and the demand for LPG is on an exponential raise
day by day. The leaked gases when ignited may lead to explosion. The number of deaths dueto
the explosion of gas cylinders has been increasing in recent years. Thus there is a need for a
system to detect and also prevent leakage of LPG.
Before the development of electronic household gas detectors in the 1980s and 90s, gas
presence was detected with a chemically infused paper that changed its colour when exposed to
the gas. Since then, many technologies and devices have been developed to detect, monitor, and
alert the leakage of a wide array of gases. Today, booking an LPG cylinder is now just a text
message away. Petroleum companies have launched the customer-friendly service called as
IVRS (Interactive voice Response) technique for their customers.
Hence the requirement of an efficient system to measure and display the level of LPG is
inevitable, which may be used for domestic purposes. Here we intend to propose a
microcontroller based system where a gas sensor, MQ6 is used to detect dangerous gas leaks.
This unit is incorporated into an alarm unit, to sound an alarm or give a visual indication of the
LPG leakage. The sensor has good sensitivity combined with a quick response time at low cost.
If leakage is detected, message to the authorized person or family member using cellular
network called GSM is sent automatically. It also provides a feature to measure weight of LPG
cylinder with its value on LCD display. A gas quantity of less or equal to10kg books the
cylinder automatically by sending text message to a dealer. Also when cylinder weighs less than
or equal to 0.5 Kg, it informs the family members by sending a message to refill the cylinder.
The easy process of booking LPG cylinder is becoming popular day by day as it simplifies the
tedious task of LPG booking. Weighing the LPG cylinder using load cell and then booking new
cylinder after the current cylinders weight has reduced below the threshold value makes the
system user friendly and reliable. The aim is to study various LPG cylinder booking systems
which use load cell as their main weighing element. Introduction of this feature makes the
process simple and easy to use.
This system provides consumers with a reliable system for cylinder booking. This project
is used to monitor the leakage and weight of the LPG gas cylinder. In many homes, it is
1
observed that whenever the LPG Gas cylinder is empty; then book a new cylinder at the gas
cylinder provider. Many times, there is a shortage of gas cylinders. To avoid all such situations,
this project is implemented; SMS based LPG gas leakage and weight detection using GSM
technology. In this project, a load cell is used as a weight sensor. This sensor will be placed
below the LPG gas cylinder. The output of a weight sensor is given to the micro-controller. The
micro-controller will continuously monitor the weight of LPG gas. This is calculated by total
weight received by weight sensor minus the weight of an empty gas cylinder. Because the gas
cylinder is made up of metal and it has some weight. So, the actual weight of LPG gas is
calculated by the formula below :
LPG weight = Actual weight received by weight sensor - Actual weight of the
empty gas cylinder
Whenever LPG gas weight is 20 percent remaining, the system sends a low priority or low
warning message to the owner of the house or owner of the hotel or industry. So first a low
warning message is sent when there is 20 percent gas remaining in the cylinder. The second
message is sent which has high priority or it can say that it is a critical message when the gas
cylinder is just 10 percent remaining.
1
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
Apeh S.T et al have proposed a system design which helps to development of Kitchen Gas
Leakage Detection and Automatic Gas Shutoff System" Published in JETEAS 2014. The
work aims at designing a system that detects gas leakage and alerts the subscriber through
alarm and status display besides turning off the gas supply valve as a primary safety
measure. The shutting off of the supply valve stops further gas flow. This work will
minimize injuries/losses occasioned by explosions due to gas leakages and improve the
safety of life.[1]
E. JebamalarLeavline et al has explained that this paper presented LPG leakage detection
and alert system. This system triggers LED and buzzer to alert people when LPG leakage is
detected. It is battery operated and hence portable. It is designed in such a way that it can
also be operated with an ac power supply.[2]
Zhao Yang et al have explained that the leakage detection model and the solution were
proposed based on the three conservation laws in hydro-mechanics and the state equation,
which includes transient simulation model and volume balance model. Dynamic parameters
involved in the model such as pressure, flow, and temperature can be acquired through
SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system.[3]
Sameer Jagtap et al have explained that LPG Gas Weight and Leakage Detection System
useful in various applications in homes. Many times, it happens that delay in providing the
gas cylinder. The main reason behind this is the delay in informing the gas provider. So, the
use of priority SMS is the user gets information about the weight of the gas. So, his user can
book a new cylinder. In which whenever gas leakage occurs then buzzer is on. This avo+ids
the accident caused due to leakage of LPG gas.[4]
Gas leakage monitoring and detection system is of great significance for urban safety. Gas-
leakage monitoring with wireless sensors network has been a wide accepted idea for
developing an integrated system for real-time monitoring [5].
Somov A, et al. adopted a Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) with catalytic gas sensors and
ZigBee module, and deployed it in a factory. They studied the catalytic gas sensors response
1
under various conditions, and evaluate the wireless links using the received signal strength
indicator (RSSI) and link quality indicator (LQI) metrics [6].
Jain P C adopted a WSNs with semiconductor sensor and ZigBee module, and discussed
the potential application scenarios, such as apartment house, gas and oil pipeline industry.
Experiments were carried out to study the communication quality between sensors and
coordinator [7].
Most of the WSNs adopt catalytic sensors and semiconductor sensors for their low power
consumption, but the accuracy is lower than optical sensors, and is limited in detecting slight
leakage in early phase. Besides, fixed sensors do not fit the requirement of large-scale region
monitoring. Tan Q, et al designed a portable non-dispersive infrared ray (IR) gas detector,
and carried out some experiments to verify its high accuracy, low power consumption and
compact structure.[8]
Frish M B, et al developed a standoff gas leak detector based on Tunable Diode Laser
Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS), and deployed on automobile at ten kilometers per hour
and aircraft flying at 10000 feet or higher, and evaluated its feasibility in various real
condition [9].
Xu B, et al proposed an airborne infrared laser leak detection technology, and a lot of

experiments were conducted to demonstrate that the airborne infrared laser leak detector can
detect the leakage when the helicopter flies with the speed in 30-50m/s and the flight height
less than 80m. Researches also tried to combine high accuracy optical sensor into gas
leakage detector, and mounted it to handhold device, automobile or aircraft simultaneously.
[10]
LPG, first produced in 1910 by Dr. Walter Snelling is a mixture of Commercial Propane
and Commercial Butane having saturated as well as unsaturated hydrocarbons. Because of
the versatile nature of LPG it is used for many needs such as domestic fuel, industrial fuel,
automobile fuel, heating, illumination etc and the demand for LPG is on an exponential raise
day by day. The leaked gases when ignited may lead to explosion. The number of deaths due
to the explosion of gas cylinders has been increasing in recent years. Thus there is a need for
a system to detect and also prevent leakage of LPG. Before the development of electronic
household gas detectors in the 1980s and 90s, gas presence was detected with a chemically
infused paper that changed its colour when exposed to the gas. Since then, many
1
technologies and devices have been developed to detect, monitor, and alert the leakage of a
wide array of gases. Today, booking an LPG cylinder is now just a text message away.
Petroleum companies have launched the customer-friendly service called as IVRS
(Interactive voice Response) technique for their customers.Hence the requirement of an
efficient system to measure and display the level of LPG is inevitable, which may be used
for domestic purposes. Here we intend to propose a microcontroller based system where a
gas sensor, MQ6 is used to detect dangerous gas leaks. This unit is incorporated into an
alarm unit, to sound an alarm or give a visual indication of the LPG leakage. The sensor has
good sensitivity combined with a quick response time at low cost. If leakage is detected,
message to the authorized person or family member using cellular network called GSM is
sent automatically. It also provides a feature to measure weight of LPG cylinder with its
value on LCD display. A gas quantity of less or equal to10kg books the cylinder
automatically by sending text message to a dealer. Also when cylinder weighs less than or
equal to 0.5 Kg, it informs the family members by sending a message to refill the cylinder.
[11]
“Smart Gas Cylinder Using Embedded System”, K.Padma Priya has used two major
modules namely, leakage detection module, GSM module with PIC microcontroller protect
circuitry. Here the measurement of the weight of LPG cylinder is done using load cell. The
output of load cell is signal conditioned and provided to the ARM7 controller. The controller
takes the suitable action as per the input and also indicates the LPG level on the LCD display.
When the LPG level reaches below threshold it gives an indication of the same via a SMS
requesting for the booking of the cylinder. The other components such as gas sensor are used to
detect gas leakage.[12]
“Automation of LPG Cylinder Booking and Leakage Monitoring system” Abhishek B N used
LPC2148 microcontroller, GSM module, exhaust fan and MQ6 sensor here the load cell
measures the weight of the cylinder. The output of the same is converted to digital data with the
help of A/D converter. This data is then fed to the controller as an input. The controllers
perform actions as per the input data. In case if there is an any gas leakage it is detected by
MQ5 sensor in addition to if the exhaust fan is also turned on to release the gas out the room.
1
Also the gas leakage alert is provided to the customer if form of SMS with the help of GSM for
this is the TTL output is converted to CMOS logic with the help of RS232 module and provide
to the GSM.[13]
“IOT Based Smart Gas Monitoring System” ; Anandhakrishnan S has implemented a system
which consist of ARDUINO UNO controller. It’s an advanced processer here the major
modules excluding the ARDUINO UNO are MQ2 sensor, wifi module, load cell. This project
has introduced a feature of internet in it. The load cell a feature of internet in it. The load cell
weights the LPG cylinder. Then the load cell output is given as input to theATDUINO UNO.
The wifi module is used to facilitate the communication amongst the other module. The LCD
display, displays the level of cylinder. The internet provides the information about the gas level
reaching below threshold to the gas agency after this cylinder is auto booked.[14]
“Model-based gas leakage detection and isolation in a pressurized system via Laguerre
spectrum analysis” Johansson, A the gas leakage detection system is designed using PIC
microcontroller. The gas weight sensor is used to measures the weight of cylinder. The gas
detection sensor is used to detect gas leakage if any. In case of gas leakage exhaust fan is turned
on. The Max232 is used to interface GSM to microcontroller, buzzer indicates gas leakage.[15]
1
CHAPTER 3
OBJECTIVE
1. To detect the gas leakage and alerting through the alarm while gas leakage detection.
2. To measure the weight of the gas cylinder continuously and notify it daily or whenever
the user wants to see.
3. To send a text message to the user when the weight of gas reaches a minimum threshold.
4. To book a gas automatically whenever the 20% gas is empty in the cylinder.
5. Real time monitoring of leakage, weight and displays it on a screen.
1
CHAPTER 4
METHODOLOGY
4.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM:
Figure 4.1: System Architecture
System Architecture describes the architecture of the proposed system. There are
three main components of the system such as gas sensor (MQ - 6), load cell, GSM
module, alarm, and indicator. The gas sensor used for sensing the leakage and load
cell is used for weight monitoring of the cylinder. The GSM module used to send an
alert message to the user. An alarm and indicator are used to alert the user on-site.
Power Supply:
The whole prototype model needs the 10 to 20 volts , 2 Amp Adapter charger , but the
arduino UNO needs the 5v supply that’s why we use the Regulator 785 to provide 5v
supply to microcontroller and whole model.
Microcontroller :
The main basic Arduino Uno micro controller requires the power supply ranging from
1
7-12 volts which can be build by using different components like step down
transformer, rectifier, filter and regulator which are readily available as adapters these
days. Supply can be either from an ac to dc adapter or battery. The board can operate
on at 7-12 volts. If voltage12V then board get damaged. The Main platform we are
using to build the project is Arduino Mega 2560 which provides us the flexibility to
write the code effectively in convenient way and also it will provides us features like
Inexpensive, Cross platform, Simpler and clear programming environment, Open
source and extensible software, Easy for beginners, The Arduino Uno is a
microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 (datasheet).It contains everything
needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB
cable or power it with a AC to-DC adapter or battery to get started. With the above
features it force us to use in our project design.
Weight Sensor :
The other main component we are using in our project is use of Load cell. A load cell
is a transducer that is used to convert a force into electrical signal, which is used to
measure of a LPG gas cylinder weight so that we can expect and alert the user with in
how many days the cylinder is about to empty. There are different Load cells available
in the market with different weight measurement capabilities.
Only load cells which are prevalent are the load cells based on strain gages. Hence, the
term load cell means strain gage-based load cells. The reason behind the wide
adoption of strain gage-based load cells is their characteristics :
 Highly precise and linear measurements
 Little influence due to temperature changes.
 Small size compared with other types of load cells.
 Long operating life due to lack of moving parts or any parts that generate
friction.
 Ease in production due to small number of components.
 Excellent fatigue characteristics
Strain-gauge load cells convert the load acting on them into electrical signals. The
measuring is done with very small resistor patterns called strain gauges - effectively
1
small, flexible circuit boards. The gauges are bonded onto a beam or structural member
that deforms when weight is applied, in turn deforming the straingauge. As the strain
gauge is deformed, its electrical resistance changes in proportion to the load. The
change to the circuit caused by force is much smaller than the changes caused by
variation in temperature. Higher quality load cells cancel out the effects of temperature
using two techniques. By matching the expansion rate of the strain gauge to the
expansion rate of the metal it’s mounted on, undue strain on the gauges can be avoided
as the load cell warms up and cools down. The most important method of temperature
compensation involves using multiple strain gauges, which all respond to the change in
temperature with the same change in resistance. Some load cell designs use gauges
which are never subjected to any force, but only serve to counterbalance the
temperature effects on the gauges that measuring force. Most designs use 4 strain
gauges, some in compression, and some under tension, which maximizes the
sensitivity of the load cell, and automatically cancels the effect of temperature. It is
often easy to measure the parameters like length, displacement, weight etc that can be
felt easily by some senses. However, it is very difficult to measure the dimensions like
force, stress and strain that cannot be really sensed directly by any instrument. For
such cases special devices called strain gauges are very useful. There are some
materials whose resistance changes when strain is applied to them or when they are
stretched and this change in resistance can be measured easily. For applying the strain
you need force, thus the change in resistance of the material can be calibrated to
measure the applied force. Thus the devices whose resistance changes due to applied
strain or applied force are called as the strain gauges.
MQ-6 Gas Sensor :
The Gas Sensor is also one of the components used to detect the leakage of the LPG
Gas (Methane & Propane) which converts one form of the signal into other form.
There are different type of sensors available in the market we make use of few of them
in our project such as Methane (MQ6) Sensor. The MQ6 is used in gas leakage
detecting equipments are suitable for detecting of CH4,Natural gas and to avoid the
noise of alcohol and cooking fumes and cigarette smoke. The MQ-6 can detect natural
gas concentrations from 200 to 10000ppm.High sensitivity to CH4，Natural gas. MQ
6 has Fast response, Stable and long life.
1
LCD Display :
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is used to show the output of the results of Different
sensor values and various results to show of size about 32 ASCII character in 2 lines
commonly used one is 16x2 LCD modules. We are using GSM Modem to alert the
user by sending SMS(Short Message Service) about Gas Leakage and LPG Gas
Completion Status.
LCD stands for Liquid Crystal Display.. They have become very common with
industry by clearly replacing the use of Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT). CRT consumes
more power than LCD and also bigger and heavier. We all know about LCD‟s, but no
one knows the exact working of it. LCD is finding wide spread use replacing LEDs
(seven segments or other multi segment LEDs) due to the following reasons:
 The declining prices of LCDs.
 The ability to display numbers, characters and graphics related data. This is in
contrast to LEDs, which are limited to numbers and a few characters.
 Incorporation of a controller into the LCD, thereby making the CPU to keep
displaying the data.
 Ease to program for characters, strings and graphics related data.
These are specialized for being used with the microcontrollers, which makes
that they cannot be activated by standard IC circuits. They are used for writing
different messages on a miniature LCD.
GSM Module :
GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) is a digital mobile telephony system
that is widely used in England and different parts of the world. GSM uses of time
division multiple access (TDMA) and is the most widely used of the technologies
(TDMA, GSM, and CDMA). GSM digitizes and syncs data, then sends it to a channel
with two other streams of user data, each in its own time slot. It operates at either the
800 MHz or 1800 MHz frequency band.
2
4.2 CODE :
#include <LiquidCrystal.h> pinMode(DT, OUTPUT);

pinMode(alarm,OUTPUT);
LiquidCrystal lcd(7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2); pinMode(mot1,OUTPUT);
#define DT 8
#define SCK 9
int alarm =
A0;
//#define sw
13 int
mot1=13; int
angle = 0; float
C=0;
long sample=0;
float val=0;
long count=0;
int w=0;
int flag=0;
unsigned long readCount(void)
{
unsigned long
Count; unsigned char
i;
2
digitalWrit nt<<1;
e(DT,HIG digitalWrite(SCK,LOW);
H); if(digitalRead(DT))
digitalWrit Count++;
e(SCK,LO }
W); digitalWrite(SCK,HIGH);
Count=0; Count=Count^0x800000;
pinMode(DT, INPUT);
while(digit
alRead(DT
)); for
(i=0;i<24;i
++)
digitalWrite
(SCK,HIG
H);
Count=Cou
2
digitalWrite(SCK,LOW);
return(Count); void loop(){
} measurewt();
if(w<200){
void setup()
SendSMS1();
{ SendSMS2();
delay(5000);
Serial.begin(9600); }
pinMode(SCK, OUTPUT); int sensorValue = analogRead(A5);

lcd.setCursor(0,0);
// pinMode(sw, INPUT_PULLUP);
lcd.print(sensorValue);
lcd.begin(16, 2);
if (sensorValue>100 && flag==0){

lcd.print(" Weight "); digitalWrite(mot1, HIGH);
delay(1000);
lcd.setCursor(0,1); digitalWrite(mot1, LOW);
SendSMS3();
lcd.print(" Measurement SendSMS4();
flag=1;
"); delay(1000); digitalWrite(alarm, HIGH);
}
lcd.clear(); }
calibrate();
delay(10000);
lcd.clear(); void measurewt(){
}
2
count= readCount(); lcd.clear();
w=(((count-sample)/val)-2*((count- lcd.print("Calibrating...");
sample)/val));
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
Serial.print("weight:");
lcd.print("Please Wait...");
Serial.print((int)w);
for(int i=0;i<100;i++)
Serial.println("g");
{
//lcd.setCursor(0,0);
count=readCount();
// lcd.print("Weight ");
sample+=count;
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
Serial.println(count);
lcd.print(w);
}
lcd.print(" gm");
sample/=100;
Serial.print("Avg:");
Serial.println(sample);
} lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Put 100g & wait");

void calibrate()
count=0;
{
while(count<1000)
2
{ lcd.clear();
count=readCount(); }
count=sample-count; void SendSMS1()

{
Serial.println(count); lcd.clear();
lcd.print("gas booking sms");
} Serial.println("AT+CMGF=1\r");
//Set the module to SMS mode
lcd.clear(); delay(1000);
lcd.print("Please Wait. . ."); Serial.println("AT+CMGS=\"9172275115\"

\r"); //Your phone number don't forget to
delay(2000); include your country code, example
+212123456789"
for(int i=0;i<100;i++) delay(1500);
Serial.print("consumer-001 gas
{ cylinder booking order issued");
delay(1500);
count=readCount(); Serial.write(0x1A);
delay(15000);
val+=sample-count; }
Serial.println(sample-count); void SendSMS2()

{
} lcd.clear();
lcd.print("gas booking sms");
val=val/100.0; Serial.println("AT+CMGF=1\r");
val=val/100.0; // put here delay(1000);
your calibrating weight
2
Serial.println("AT+CMGS=\"9579287186\"
\r"); //Your phone number don't forget to void SendSMS4()
include your country code, example {
+212123456789" lcd.clear();
delay(1500); lcd.print("lpg sensor activ");
Serial.print("consumer-001 gas Serial.println("AT+CMGF=1\r");
cylinder booked"); //Set the module to SMS mode
delay(1500); delay(1000);
Serial.write(0x1A);
delay(15000); \r"); //Your phone number don't forget to
} include your country code, example
+212123456789"
void SendSMS3() delay(1500);
{ Serial.print("LPG GAS LEAK
lcd.clear(); SENSOR3 ACTIVATED");
lcd.print("lpg sensor activ"); delay(1500);
Serial.println("AT+CMGF=1\r"); Serial.write(0x1A);
delay(1000); delay(15000);
}
\r"); //Your phone number don't forget to
include your country code, example
+212123456789"
delay(1500);
Serial.print("LPG GAS LEAK
SENSOR3 ACTIVATED");
delay(1500);
Serial.write(0x1A);
delay(15000);
}
2
CHAPTER 5
CONTROL CIRCUIT
5.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Figure 5.1 : Circuit Diagram
2
5.2 FLOW CHART:
Figure 5.2: Flowchart
The flowchart which describes the data propagation throughout the system during the
execution of various stages. When the load cell and gas sensor sense the LPG Gas, the
system checks whether the gas leakage is detected or not. If the leakage detected GSM
module sends a message to an authorized number and buzzer produced alarm. After that
relay is activated and the main power supply is shutting down. At the same time weight is
measured by a load cell. The analog value is converted into digital, then the weight is
calculated and checks with a threshold value.
2
If the calculated weight and a threshold value are equal then it sends a warning
message to the user and Informs for Gas booking also. Otherwise, it sends only weight
measurements to the user. If the user is unavailable message will send to family members.
After sending the message to authorized number the process will end.
5.2.1 FLOW CHART OF GAS LEAKAGE DETECTION:
Figure 5.2.1: Flowchart of Gas leakage Detection
In this prototype, gas leakage detection has been given a highest priority. MQ6 placed in the
vicinity of the gas cylinder. In the advent of leakage, the resistance of the sensor decreases
increasing its conductivity. Corresponding pulse is fed to microcontroller and simultaneously
switches on the buzzer and exhaust fan which we can reset by a manual reset switch. Also a
logic high pulse (+5 V) is given as an interrupt to INT0 pin of ATMega16 Microcontroller.
Microcontroller sends a message.
“EMERGENCY ALERT: LPG GAS LEAK SENSOR ACTIVATED” to required cell numbers
via GSM module and the same will be displayed on LCD.
2
5.2.2 FLOW CHART OF AUTOMATIC GAS BOOKING:
Figure 5.2.2: Flowchart of Automatic gas booking
In automatic Gas booking system, LCD continuously monitors the weight of the gas in cylinder
and displays it on seven segment display. When the weight of the gas is =20% of full weight of
gas, a logic high pulse is fed to a port pin of microcontroller. As this pin goes high,
microcontroller will send a booking message to distributor of format, "consumer-001 gas
cylinder booking order issued”. At the same time, the message will be displayed on LCD as
“Gas cylinder booking” and also to the consumer’s phone.
3
CHAPTER 6
HARDWARE DETAILS
6.1 Arduino Uno
The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on the Microchip

ATmega328P t/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced with various expansion boards
(shields) and other circuits. The board has 14 digital I/O pins (six capable of PWM output),
6 analogs I/O pins, and is programmable with the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development
Environment), via a type B USB cable. It can be powered by the USB cable or by an
external 9-volt battery, though it accepts voltages between 7 and 20 volts. It is also similar
to the Arduino Nano and Leonardo. The hardware reference design is distributed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike 2.5 license and is available on the Arduino
website. Layout and production files for some versions of the hardware are also available.
Specification:
General pin functions: microcontroller and developed by Arduino. The board is equipped
with sets of digital and analog input .
• LED: There is a built-in LED driven by digital pin 13. When the pin is high value, the
LED is on, when the pin is low, it is off.
• VIN: The input voltage to the Arduino/Genuino board when it is using an external
power source (as opposed to 5 volts from the USB connection or other regulated power
source). You can supply voltage through this pin, or, if supplying voltage via the power
jack, access it through this pin.
• 5V: This pin outputs a regulated 5V from the regulator on the board. The board can be
supplied with power either from the DC power jack (7 - 20V), the USB connector
(5V), or the VIN pin of the board (7-20V). Supplying voltage via the 5V or 3.3V pins
bypasses the regulator, and can damage the board.
• 3V3: A 3.3-volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. The maximum current
draw is 50 mA.
• GND: Ground pins.
3
• IOREF: This pin on the Arduino/Genuino board provides the voltage reference with
which the microcontroller operates. A properly configured shield can read the IOREF
pin voltage and select the appropriate power source, or enable voltage translators on
the outputs to work with the 5V or 3.3V.
Reset: Typically used to add a reset button to shields that block the one on the
board.
6.1.1 ARDUINO UNO DIADRAM:
Figure 6.1.1: Arduino UNO
3
6.2 ATMEGA328 IC
Figure 6.2: ATMEGA328
ATmega328 is an Advanced Virtual RISC (AVR) microcontroller. It supports 8-bit data processing.
ATmega-328 has 32KB internal flash memory. ATmega328 has 1KB Electrically Erasable
Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM). This property shows if the electric supply supplied
to the micro-controller is removed, even then it can store the data and can provide results after
providing it with the electric supply. Moreover, ATmega-328 has 2KB Static Random Access
Memory (SRAM). Other characteristics will be explained later. ATmega 328 has several different
features which make it the most popular device in today's market. These features consist of
advanced RISC architecture, good performance, low power consumption, real timer counter having
separate oscillator, 6 PWM pins, programmable Serial USART, programming lock for software
security, throughput up to 20 MIPS etc. Further details about ATmega 328 will be given later in this
section.
The ATmega328P is supported with a full suite of program and system development tools which
includes: C compilers, macro assemblers, program debugger/simulators, in-circuit emulators, and
evaluation kits. The fast PWM mode that provides a high-frequency PWM waveform generation
allows for it to be suited for power regulation, rectification, and DAC applications.
3
6.2.1 SPECIFICATIONS
IC type: AVR microcontroller
Core size: 8-bit
Speed: up to 20MHz
Number of I/O: 23
Program memory size: 32Kb (16K x 16)
Program memory type: Flash
EEPROM size: 1K x 8
RAM size: 2K x 8
Package: DIP-28 (0.1" x 0.3" pin spacing)
Supply voltage: 1.8 V - 5.5 V
Lead-free (RoHS compliant): Yes
Manufacturer: Atmel
Manufacturer part number: ATmega328P-PU
6.3 HX711 LOAD CELL AMPLIFIER
Figure 6.3: HX711 Load Cell Amplifier
The HX711 amplifier is a breakout board that allows you to easily read load cells to measure
weight. You wire the load cell wires on one side, and the microcontroller on the other side. The
HX711 communicates with the microcontroller using two-wire interface (Clock and Data).
This Load Cell Amplifier is a small breakout board for the HX711 IC that allows you to easily read
load cells to measure weight. By connecting the amplifier to your microcontroller you will be able
3
to
3
read the changes in the resistance of the load cell and with some calibration you'll be able to get very
accurate weight measurements.
This can be handy for creating your own industrial scale, process control, or simple presence
detection. The HX711 uses a two wire interface (Clock and Data) for communication. Any
microcontroller's GPIO pins should work and numerous libraries have been written making it easy
to read data from the HX711.
6.4 MOTOR DRIVE CIRCUIT
Figure 6.4: Motor Drive Circuit
L293D is a typical Motor driver or Motor Driver IC which allows DC motor to drive on either
direction. L293D is a 16-pin IC which can control a set of two DC motors simultaneously in any
direction. It means that you can control two DC motor with a single L293D IC. Dual H-bridge
Motor Driver integrated circuit (IC).
There are 4 input pins for l293d, pin 2,7 on the left and pin 15 ,10 on the right as shown on the pin
diagram. Left input pins will regulate the rotation of motor connected across left side and right input
for motor on the right hand side. The motors are rotated on the basis of the inputs provided across
the input pins as LOGIC 0 or LOGIC 1.
3
6.5 GAS SENSER
The sensing circuit consists of an MQ6 sensor that senses LPG leakage of the order 200ppm
to 10000ppm (capable of causing explosions) and is connected to the microcontroller to be
supplied with 5V DC. MQ 6 gas sensor was chosen over other MQ S because it is suitable
for detecting LPG and natural gas.
Specification
• Operating Voltage is + 5V
• Can be used to detect LPG or Butane gas
• Analog output voltage: 0 V to 5 V
• Digital Output Voltage: 0 V or 5 V(TTLLogic)
• Preheat duration 20 seconds
• Can be used as a Digital or analog sensor
• The Sensitivity of Digital pin can be varied using the potentiometer
Figure 6.5: MQ6 Sensor
3
6.6 LOAD CELL
A load cell is a type of transducer, specifically a force transducer. They convert a force such
as tension, compression, pressure, or torque into an electrical signal that can be measured
and standardized. As the force applied to the load cell increases, the electrical signal
changes proportionally. The most common types of load cells used are hydraulic,
pneumatic, and strain gauge. Strain gauge load cells are the kind most often found in
industrial settings. This kind of load cell is ideal as it is highly accurate, versatile, and cost-
effective. Structurally, a load cell has a metal body to which strain gauges have been
secured. The body is usually made of aluminum, alloy steel, or stainless steel which makes
it very sturdy but also minimally elastic. This elasticity gives rise to the term "spring
element", referring to the body of the load cell. When force is exerted on the load cell, the
spring element is slightly deformed, and unless overloaded, always returns to its original
shape. As the spring element deforms, the strain gauges also change shape. The resulting
alteration to the resistance in the strain gauges can be measured as a voltage. The change in
voltage is proportional to the amount of force applied to the cell, thus the amount of force
can be calculated from the load cell's output.
Figure 6.6: Load Cell
A Load Cell is a device that is used to measure weight or force in several different
applications. The load cell itself is a transducer that is used to convert a force into an
electrical signal. This signal is usually only a few millivolts and requires amplification
before it can be used. Most load cells use strain gauge technology.
3
6.7. GSM TRANSMISSION MODEM:
This circuit is made up of the GSM SIM 300 MODEM and powered by 12 dc fed from a
rectifier. This GSM modem can accept any GSM network operator SIM card and act just
like a mobile phone with its unique phone number. Applications like SMS Control, data
transfer, remote control, and logging can be developed easily.
The GSM which sends the text message to responsible parties this GSM module was
employed over other sims due to the following reasons:
• It is versatile and can accept any GSM network operator SIM card
• It has a greater flexibility in its usage
• It comes with an added antenna for better reception and propagation of signals
• It has a low cost
Figure 6.7: GSM Module
3
6.8. Project Model Images :
4
Figure 6.8: Model Images
4
CHAPTER 7
TIMELINE
Table 7.1
Sr.No Type of work Duration
1. Searching of research papers

06/09/22 to 30/09/22
to getproject idea
2. We got couple of Project Ideas and
01/10/22 to 15/10/22
discussed itwith Project Guide
3. Topic finalization 15/10/22 to 31/10/22
4. Collected the information about the final topic

with the help of various sourceslike 01/11/22 to 30/11/22
research papers.
5. Build the block diagram and collect the

01/12/22 to 10/12/22
information about required components.
6. Prepared Synopsis & Project Phase
11 /12/22 to 25/12/22
IReport
7. As per block diagram prepared list
26/12/22 to 10/01/23
ofproject components
8. Collect components & start circuit design
11/01/23 to 25/01/23
Testing various possible configurations
9. 26/01/23 to 15/02/23
ofcircuit
10.
Mounting of Proposed circuitary
16/02/23 to 28/02/23
11. Testing of Proposed System.

01/03/23 to 15/03/23
12. Prepared Phase II Report and Presentation

16/03/23 to 23/03/23
4
CHAPTER 8
ESTIMATED COST
Table 8.1
SR NO. COMPONENT QUANTITY COST
1 Arduino UNO 1 600/-

2 MQ-6 Gas Sensor 1 400/-
3 GSM Module 1 1000/-
4 LCD [16*2] 1 150/-
5 Buzzer 1 50/-
6 Load Cell 1 2500/-
7 HX711 Load cell amplifier 1 150/-
8 Motor Drive 1 100/-
9 Heat Sink 1 50/-
10 Crystal 1 20/-
11 Diode 2 20/-
12 Transistor 1 35/-
13 Resistor 2 20/-
14 Capacitors 2 50/-
15 Motor 1 350/-
TOTAL= 5500/-
4
CHAPTER 9
CONCLUSION
A cost-effective gas leakage detection system was proposed, designed and successfully
implemented. Along with gas leakage detection, this system gives a fully automated approach
towards the gas booking. Real time weight measurement of the gas and its display on LCD
makes it an efficient home security system and also can be used in industries and other places
to detect gas leaks. The cost involved in developing the system is significantly low and is
much less than the cost of gas detectors commercially available in the market.
As well as at the same time of leakage detection we receive the text message and this
system provides pre-booking of LPG gas when its weight reaches the threshold value.
4
REFERENCES
1. Apeh S. T, Erameh K. B and Iruansi U. "Design and Development of Kitchen Gas

Leakage DetectionandAutomaticGasShutoffSystem"PublishedinJETEAS2014.Pageno-2,
3, 4.
2. E. JebamalarLeavline, D. AsirAntony Gnana Singh, B. Abinaya, H. Deepika"LPG Gas

Leakage Detection and Alert System" Published in International Journal of Electronics
Engineering Research. ISSN 0975-6450 Volume 9, Number 7 (2017). Page no -2, 3.
3. Zhao Yang, Mingliang Liu, Min Shao, YingjieJi "Research on Leakage Detection and
Analysis of Leakage Point in the Gas Pipeline System," Published in Open Journal of
Safety Science and Technology, 2011. Page no -3.
4. Mr. Sameer Jagtap, PrajktaBhosale, PriyankaZanzane, JyotiGhogare" LPG Gas Weight

and Leakage Detection System Using GSM" Published in IJRASET Volume 4 Issue III,
March 2016. Page no -1, 3, 4.
5. Saeed H, Ali S, Rashid S, et al. Reliable monitoring of oil and gas pipelines using
5wireless sensor network (WSN)—REMONG[C]//System of Systems Engineering
(SOSE), 2014 9th International Conference on. IEEE, 2014: 230-235.
6. Somov A, Baranov A, Spirjakin D, et al. Deployment and evaluation of a wireless sensor

network for methane leak detection[J]. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2013, 202:
217-225.
7. Jain P C, Kushwaha R. Wireless gas sensor network for monitoring of harmful gases in
utility areas and industries[C]//Sensing Technology (ICST), 2012 Sixth International
Conference on. IEEE, 2012: 642-646.
8. Tan Q, Zhang W, Xue C, et al. Design of mini-multi-gas monitoring system based on IR

absorption[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 2008, 40(5): 703-710.
4
9. Frish M B, Wainner R T, Green B D, et al. Standoff gas leak detectors based on tunable
diode laser absorption spectroscopy[C]//Optics East 2005. International Society for
Optics and Photonics, 2005: 60100D-60100D-9. 438 KeGuo et al. / Procedia Computer
Science 154 (2019) 430–438 Author name / Procedia Computer Science00 (2018) 000–
000 9
10. Xu B, Yu D, Wu J, et al. Research on Infrared Laser Leak Detection for Natural Gas
Pipeline[C]//2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical
Engineers, 2012: 711-715.
11. Sunithaa.J, Sushmitha.D, “Embedded control system for LPG leakage detection and
prevention” International Conference on Computing and Control Engineering (ICCCE
2012), 12 & 13 April, 2012
12. K.Padma Priya1, M.Surekha2, R.Preethi3, T.Devika4, N.Dhivya5 “Smart Gas Cylinder
Using Embedded System”, Assistant professor, Dept., of Electrical & Electronics
Engineering, Knowledge Institute of Technology, Salem, India4
13. Abhishek B N V#1, Bharath P#1, Gunasheel B C#1, Vinodh Kumar G S#1, Veeresh H#2
#1“Automation of LPG Cylinder Booking and Leakage Monitoring system” Students of
B.E, Dept. of Electronics and communication, The Oxford College Of Engineering,
Bengaluru, Karnataka #2 Asst. Professor Department of ECE, The Oxford College Of
Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka
14. Anandhakrishnan S, Deepesh Nair, Rakesh K, SampathK,Gayathri S Nair “IOT Based

Smart Gas Monitoring System” 1(eee, asiet , india) 2(eee, asiet , india) 3(eee, asiet ,
india) 4(eee, asiet , india) 5(asst.proffesor, ieee, asiet , india)
15. Johansson, A.; Birk, W.; Medvedev, A., “Model-based gas leakage detection and
isolation in a pressurized system via Laguerre spectrum analysis”, Proc. of IEEE
International Conference on Control Applications, pp. 212-216, 1998

Black Book

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Black Book

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Black Book

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

WEIGHT AND LEAKAGE DETECTION MONITORING

OF GAS USING IOT

DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR

In partial fulfillment for degree of

3 PRATIKSHA PRASHANT LIGADE 1962691293049

4 NIKITA DAGDU EDAKE 1962691293059

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

PADMABHOOSHAN VASANTRAODADA PATIL

3 PRATIKSHA PRASHANT LIGADE 1962691293049

4 NIKITA DAGDU EDAKE 1962691293059

to DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, LONERE in

Prof.Miss .S. A. Patil Prof.Dr. L. S Patil Prof..Dr.D.V.Ghewade

3 PRATIKSHA PRASHANT LIGADE 1962691293049

4 NIKITA DAGDU EDAKE 1962691293059

3 PRATIKSHA PRASHANT LIGADE 1962691293049

4 NIKITA DAGDU EDAKE 1962691293059

DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

B. FLOW CHART OF GAS LEAKAGE DETECTION 28

C. FLOW CHART OF AUTOMATIC GAS BOOKING 29

7. PROJECT MODEL IMAGES 38

5.1 Circuit Diagram 26

5.2 Flow Chart 27

5.2.1 Flow Chart Of Gas Leakage Detection 28

5.2.2 Flow Chart Of Automatic Gas Leakage 29

6.1.1 Arduino UNO 31

6.3 HX711 Load Cell Amplifier 33

6.4 Motor Drive Circuit 34

6.5 MQ6 Gas Sensor 35

6.6 Load Cell 36

6.7 GSM Module 37

6.8 Project Model images 38

TABLE TITLE PAGE NUMBER

8.1 Estimated Costing 41

Xu B, et al proposed an airborne infrared laser leak detection technology, and a lot of

5. Real time monitoring of leakage, weight and displays it on a screen.

4.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Figure 4.1: System Architecture

 Highly precise and linear measurements

 Little influence due to temperature changes.

 Small size compared with other types of load cells.

 Ease in production due to small number of components.

 Excellent fatigue characteristics

MQ-6 Gas Sensor :

 The declining prices of LCDs.

 Ease to program for characters, strings and graphics related data.

#include <LiquidCrystal.h> pinMode(DT, OUTPUT);

Count; unsigned char

return(Count); void loop(){

pinMode(SCK, OUTPUT); int sensorValue = analogRead(A5);

if (sensorValue>100 && flag==0){

count= readCount(); lcd.clear();

lcd.print("Put 100g & wait");

count=sample-count; void SendSMS1()

lcd.print("Please Wait. . ."); Serial.println("AT+CMGS=\"9172275115\"

Serial.println(sample-count); void SendSMS2()

5.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Figure 5.1 : Circuit Diagram

5.2 FLOW CHART:

Figure 5.2: Flowchart