Abnormal Psychology: Module 06: Panic, Anxiety, Obsessions and Their Disorders

ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY
2ND YEAR 2ND SEM
MODULE 06: PANIC, ANXIETY, OBSESSIONS ○ Environment

AND THEIR DISORDERS ● Faulty cognition
Socio Cultural Environment
TOPICS
● Fear VS Anxiety
● Stress and Mental Health PHOBIA
● It is a persistent and disproportionate fear of
DISORDERS some specific object or situation that presents
● Specific Phobia little or no actual danger and yet leads to a
● Social Anxiety Disorder great deal of avoidance of these feared
● Panic Disorder situations.
● Agoraphobia
● Generalized Anxiety Disorder Specific Phobia
● Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ● A specific phobia is said to be present if a
● Body Dysmorphic Disorder person shows strong and persistent fear that is
● Hoarding Disorder triggered by the presence of a specific object or
● Trichotillomania situation and leads to significant distress
and/or impairment in a person's ability to
CASE ANALYSIS function.
ANXIETY
● Anxiety involves a general feeling of
apprehension about possible future danger.
● Fear is an alarm reaction that occurs in
response to immediate danger.
● Anxiety disorders have the earliest age of onset
of all mental disorders (Kessler, Aguilar-
Gaxiola, et al., 2009).
● Anxiety disorders were considered to be classic
neurotic disorders.
COMPONENTS OF FEAR AND ANXIETY
SPECIFIC PHOBIA
● Adaptive value of anxiety

● In mild to moderate degrees, anxiety actually
enhances learning and performance.
● It is maladaptive when it becomes chronic and
severe.
ANXIETY DISORDERS
● SPECIFIC PHOBIA Specific Phobia ● Blood-injection-injury phobia occurs in

● Specific Phobia approximately 3 to 4 percent of the population
● Social Anxiety Disorder (Ayala et al., 2009).
● Panic Disorder
● Agoraphobia SOCIAL PHOBIA
● Generalized Anxiety Disorder ● Social phobia (or social anxiety disorder) is
characterized by disabling fears of one or more
Biological specific social situations.
● Genetics ● Intense fear of public speaking.
● Limbic System ● People with the more general subtype of social
● Cortex phobia often have significant fears of most
● Neurotransmitters social situations and often also have a
diagnosis of avoidant personality disorder.
Psychological ● Lower employment rates and lower
● Neuroticism socioeconomic status, and approximately
● Classical Conditioning one-third have severe impairment in one or
● Perceptions of a lack of control: more domains of their life.
ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY
2ND YEAR 2ND SEM
GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER

● The worry must occur on more days than not
for at least 6 months and that it must be
experienced as difficult to control.
PANIC DISORDER
● Panic disorder is defined and characterized by
the occurrence of panic attacks that often seem
to come “out of the blue.”
OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER
● Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders
used to be classified in the DSM as anxiety
disorders .
● Body dysmorphic disorder, hoarding disorder,
excoriation (skin-picking) disorder, and
trichotillomania (compulsive hair pulling).
● Obsessive-compulsive disorder is defined by
the occurrence of both obsessive thoughts and
compulsive behaviors performed in an attempt
to neutralize such thoughts.
● Obsessions are persistent and recurrent
intrusive thoughts, images, or impulses that are
experienced as disturbing, inappropriate, and
uncontrollable.
● Compulsions involve overt repetitive behaviors
Agoraphobia
● Agora — the Greek word for “open gathering
place.”
● Agoraphobia is a frequent complication of
panic disorder.
that are performed as lengthy rituals.

ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY
2ND YEAR 2ND SEM
BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER (BDD)

● Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) was classified
as a somatoform disorder in DSMIV-TR because
it involves preoccupation with certain aspects
of the body.
● People with BDD are obsessed with some
perceived or imagined flaw or flaws in their
appearance to the point they firmly believe
they are disfigured or ugly
HOARDING DISORDER
● People with hoarding disorder both acquire and
fail to discard many possessions that seem
useless or of very limited value, in part because
of the emotional attachment they develop to
their possessions.
● Living spaces are extremely cluttered and

disorganized to the point of interfering with
normal activities that would otherwise occur in
those spaces.
TRICHOTILLOMANIA
● Trichotillomania (also known as compulsive
hair pulling) has as its primary symptom the
urge to pull out one's hair from anywhere on
the body (most often the scalp, eye- brows, or
arms), resulting in noticeable hair loss.
● It usually occurs when the person is alone (or

with immediate family members) and the
person often examines the hair root, twirls it
off, and sometimes pulls the strand between
their teeth and/or eats it.

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ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY

2ND YEAR 2ND SEM

MODULE 06: PANIC, ANXIETY, OBSESSIONS ○ Environment

COMPONENTS OF FEAR AND ANXIETY

● Adaptive value of anxiety

● SPECIFIC PHOBIA Specific Phobia ● Blood-injection-injury phobia occurs in

GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER

that are performed as lengthy rituals.

BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER (BDD)

● Living spaces are extremely cluttered and

● It usually occurs when the person is alone (or

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