Are you struggling with writing your thesis on microstrip patch antenna arrays?

If so, you're not

One of the most daunting aspects of writing a thesis on microstrip patch antenna arrays is the
complexity of the subject matter itself. Antenna design involves intricate mathematical calculations,
electromagnetic theory, and practical considerations that can be overwhelming for many students.

Additionally, synthesizing existing research and contributing novel insights to the field requires a
deep understanding of the current state of antenna technology and the ability to identify gaps in
knowledge that warrant further investigation.

Moreover, the process of writing and formatting the thesis according to academic standards adds
another layer of difficulty. From structuring the document to citing sources correctly, every aspect of
the writing process demands precision and attention to detail.

Given these challenges, seeking professional assistance can be invaluable. At ⇒ HelpWriting.net

Whether you need assistance with literature review, data analysis, or crafting compelling arguments,
we're here to support you every step of the way. With our expertise and personalized approach, you
can rest assured that your thesis on microstrip patch antenna arrays will meet the highest academic
standards and make a meaningful contribution to the field.

Don't let the challenges of writing a thesis hold you back. Order now at ⇒ HelpWriting.net ⇔ and
take the first step towards academic success.
She won the second prize of progress in science and technology, Chinese Institute of
Communications in 2015. To this purpose, the multiple-resonance concept is employed, which
consists in the introduction of additional resonances close to the resonant frequency of the patch
antenna. This type of simulation gives a little bit better idea of what is going on with a patch antenna,
specifically when short pulses (short waveforms, or brief applied voltages) are incident upon a
microstrip antenna. Therefore, it is evident that the FSS reflector acts as a passband filter when it is
integrated with the array antenna. Moreover, surface waves can be generated, thus increasing the
mutual coupling between elements in an array environment, potentially causing scan blindness. In this
paper, the analysis and calculation results suggested the photonic crystal band gap (PBG) could
suppress the higher harmonics of the microstrip antenna and improve its gain and radiation. At the
same time, the reflection coefficient starts operating from 3.3 to 6 GHz for the 1 ? 2 array antenna.
Gurmukhi 20 Font Free Download Difference Between Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic Cell Pdf To Jpg
Comments are closed. A low-cost FR-4 substrate material was used to fabricate the antenna
prototype. Zihang Qi, received B.Eng. degree in 2013. He is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree
with the Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. In this flowchart, the presented array
antenna structure and its parameters, such as the number of unit cells (NO.C) and the variation of the
spacing (S) parameters playing a pivotal part in optimizing the antenna, are defined to obtain the
expected high-gain wideband array antenna within the wide operating frequency. Microstrip
Antennas: The Patch Antenna Microstrip (Patch) Antennas 1. However, the relatively high
permittivity of LTCC will constrain the energy and reduce antenna gain. The gain increase of 58.4%
is relatively non-porous. Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website.
The compassion between antennas with and without apertures reveals that the return loss of the
designed antenna is 10.3944 dB higher than that of the antenna without apertures ( Figure 7B ).
Alwareth, Husam, Imran Mohd Ibrahim, Zahriladha Zakaria, Ahmed Jamal Abdullah Al-Gburi,
Sharif Ahmed, and Zayed A. Nasser. A continuous metal layer is connected to the ground plane on
the alternative side of the substrate. Simulated reflection coefficient characteristics for MPA4 and
MPA5 are reported in Figure 11 and Figure 12 to show the bandwidth broadening caused by the
reduced gap widths with respect to MPA2 and MPA3. The proposed arrays merit high gain property
and are suitable for 140 GHz wireless communications. The microstrip antenna can also be matched
to a transmission line of characteristic impedance Z0. The first step is the depth calibration of the
milling tool, which is a V-shaped drill used as a conductive probe to sample the PCB in a number of
points in order to obtain a numerical profile of the surface where the milling takes place. Simulated
reflection coefficient for MPA1, MPA2, and MPA3. Secondly, the microstrip antenna was designed
to operate at 100 MHz, but it is at approximately 96 MHz. The requirement for a wideband unit cell
substrate is a wider Q factor. Some of the pulse will radiate away, and some of the power will be
reflected back down the microstrip line. This shift is due to fringing fields around the antenna, which
makes the patch seem longer. A microscope is used to measure the groove width and, if necessary, a
correction of the CAM software parameters is applied to minimize the manufacturing errors.
Microstrip patch antenna prototypes: ( a ) MPA1, ( b ) MPA2, ( c ) MPA3. The distribution of
current is such that the reflection of electromagnetic waves is fine.
C), which models the size of the FSS, indicating that the matching band of the antenna is primarily
influenced by the region of the FSS that is located directly under the antenna. All articles published
by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special. The
E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns are reported in Figure 6 at 10 GHz and at the lower and
higher frequencies of the 10-dB reflection coefficient bandwidth. Editors select a small number of
articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly. Sub-patches extracted
from MPA2 configuration: ( a ) Low-frequency sub-patch (LFSP), ( b ) High-frequency sub-patch
(HFSP). Consider the side view of a patch antenna, shown in Figure 4. For future high-rate wireless
communications, the D-band is very promising among terahertz frequency bands. Funding We would
like to thank Ministry of Higher Education and Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) for the
support to publish this paper. Small-size wide-bandwidth microstrip patch antennas. Simulated
reflection coefficient for LFSP, HFSP, and MPA2. A poor reflection coefficient response is observed
when the width of the rectangular patch is increased because the spacing between the radiating
patches produces mutual coupling. However, a macro program in XFdtd is available that allows a full
examination of the gain levels at all angles from the array by sweeping the phasing of the individual
elements. Third, the structural design and optimization is investigated. Content may require purchase
if you do not have access.) References. The implementation of slots will attain a comprehensive
bandwidth response, where the outer ring of the square patch reacts to the high resonance frequency
and the inner ring of the square patch responds to the low resonance frequency, which has a
stopband performance, as shown in Figure 5 b. Thus, the maximum gain is further improved to 9.8
dBi at 145 GHz. This is mainly caused by surface waves due to the high permittivity. In this paper
we firstly proposed a cavity backed patch antenna element using LTCC technology at 140 GHz. The
3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 1.48% is obtained. The design of the proposed antenna along with
parametric study is presented and discussed. Multiple resonance modes were achieved due to the
advantage of the meandered slot, a slotted Y-shaped element, and a trident-shaped feed strip.
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies. This article has been cited by the
following publications. Simulated reflection coefficient for MPA3 and MPA5. International Journal
of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). Further, the 2 ? 2 electronic band gap
(EBG) technique has been studied in the ground plane for impedance bandwidth enhancement.
Detailed dimensions of the proposed antenna element in Fig. 2(b) can be found in Table 1. The width
W of the microstrip antenna controls the input impedance. Editor’s Choice articles are based on
recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. Hirayama
Published in IEICE Electronics Express 2009 Engineering, Physics TLDR A novel planar microstrip
array antenna is proposed and fabricated that performs high gain of 10.8 dBi at 5.8 GHz, comparable
to ideal three active patch array. In: IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International
Symposium.
In most cases, the measured beam patterns match well with the simulated ones and the cross
polarizations stay at almost the same level of the simulated ones in both the E -plane and the H -
plane for both arrays. And it is hard to achieve broadband impedance matching. The small feeding
line width could be an appealing feature whenever such radiating elements are to be used in array
configurations. Table 3 shows the simulated and measured performance parameters of the proposed
antenna with four-row holes. A very stable copolar beamwidth is observed, with low cross-
polarization levels over the whole operative band, making this radiating element particularly suitable
for array applications. Photographs of the fabricated prototypes are shown in Fig. 5. The overall
dimensions of the 4 ? 4-element array and the 8 ? 8-element array are 20 mm ? 35 mm and 18.2 mm
? 33.15 mm, respectively. Actually, the overall size of the two arrays is designed in the same
dimensions. Simulated reflection coefficient for LFSP, HFSP, and MPA2. Specifically, consider a
patch antenna that is mounted on a ground plane, with a dielectric with equal to 2.2. The thickness
of this dielectric is 0.795 mm (millimeters). The impressed electric line source ( J 0 ( x,y )) located at
the origin O of the x-y coordinate system is sandwiched between two photonic crystals, with a
separation distance of t 1. By introducing a substrate integrated cavity to the patch antenna element,
the gain is enhanced by 3.3 dB. Moreover, a rectangular ring is loaded around the patch for better
impedance matching and further gain enhancement. The gain variation was only 1.0 dBi during the
entire mid-band. A low-cost FR-4 substrate material was used to fabricate the antenna prototype. It
can be observed that in Figure 2 a, the single patch element resulted in a reflection coefficient below
?10 dB at the frequency operating from 2.5 to 6.1 GHz. Figure 2 b shows a realized gain of
approximately 2.4 dBi across the bandwidth. Multiple requests from the same IP address are counted
as one view. Simulated reflection coefficient for LFSP, HFSP, and MPA2. For this reason, microstrip
array antennas are appealing for most of modern communication, radar, and remote sensing systems.
On the other hand, due to their resonant properties, microstrip patch antennas may be affected by a
narrowband behavior. Compared to the traditional patch antenna, MPA2 and MPA3 exhibit a flat
range around center frequency. Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several
techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for. In 2003, she was a research professor in Yonsei
University, Seoul, South Korea. It is obvious that the proposed wideband antenna has a wide
operating bandwidth and high realized gain at the expense the antenna size. This article has been
cited by the following publications. Some noteworthy observations are apparent from Figure 3.
Alwareth, H.; Ibrahim, I.M.; Zakaria, Z.; Al-Gburi, A.J.A.; Ahmed, S.; Nasser, Z.A. Likewise, the
effect of this parameter on the radiation properties of the antenna is depicted in Figure 10 b, where
the gain across a wide band is estimated for various matters of “S”. Non-orthogonal multiple access
in wireless powered communication networks with SIC constraints. Please let us know what you
think of our products and services. In order to be human-readable, please install an RSS reader.
Then, the radius of the through-holes and the distance between holes are simulated and analyzed, as
shown in Figures 4A,B. It can be estimated that the measured efficiencies are 46.1 and 38.3% at 140
GHz for the 4 ? 4- and 8 ? 8-element array, respectively. Researchers aim to design an antenna with a
compact size, low cost, and high performance.
Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology (JFMK). Journal of Experimental and
Theoretical Analyses (JETA). Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for scientific
literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. The normalized radiation pattern is approximately
given by: In the above, k is the free-space, given. High data speeds may be transferred over a wide
range of distances using sub-6 GHz 5G transmission. This resulted in a maximum gain of just over
23 dBi and a 3 dB beamwidth of just over 12 degrees as shown in a line plot through one of the
principal planes in Figure 3. Jinjin Chu, received the master degree from Beijing University of Posts
and Telecommunications in 2017. In this paper we firstly proposed a cavity backed patch antenna
element using LTCC technology at 140 GHz. A Wideband High-Gain Microstrip Array Antenna
Integrated with Frequency-Selective Surface for Sub-6 GHz 5G Applications. Furthermore, a
rectangular ring is introduced around the patch for better impedance matching. The low- and high-
frequency sub-patches resonate at the same frequencies exhibited by MPA2, as clearly shown in
Figure 5. In most cases, the measured beam patterns match well with the simulated ones and the
cross polarizations stay at almost the same level of the simulated ones in both the E -plane and the H
-plane for both arrays. This article has been cited by the following publications. Zihang Qi, received
B.Eng. degree in 2013. He is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree with the Beijing University of
Posts and Telecommunications. The width W of the microstrip antenna controls the input impedance.
The patch is electromagnetically coupled by these feed-lines. Broadband CPW-Fed circularly
polarized square slot antenna with Inverted-L strips for UWB applications. Diffusion bonding
technology is using several thin metal layers to construct hollow waveguide and radiating structures
which shows high radiation efficiency. The feed network consists of microstrip lines on the obverse
side of the dielectric substrate and slot line on the reverse side of the substrate. These designs can
achieve a wide impedance bandwidth. Simulated reflection coefficient for MPA1 and MPA2. Sub-
patches extracted from MPA2 configuration: ( a ) Low-frequency sub-patch (LFSP), ( b ) High-
frequency sub-patch (HFSP). Although promising results can be obtained, the via hole insertion
complicates the manufacturing process. However, a macro program in XFdtd is available that allows
a full examination of the gain levels at all angles from the array by sweeping the phasing of the
individual elements. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease (JCDD). Subscribe to
receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals. Simulated reflection
coefficient for LFSP, HFSP, and MPA2. However, the relatively high permittivity of LTCC will
constrain the energy and reduce antenna gain. International Journal of Environmental Research and
Public Health (IJERPH). By defining a specific merit factor, the two radiating elements have been
compared to the current solutions available in the literature, achieving state-of-the-art performance.
The mmWave offers high-capacity data rates of more than two gigabits per second while the low
band covers the 5G and medium bands well. Cai Xiaobo Chen Engineering, Physics 2012 A
broadband multi-polarized micro strip antenna with high polarization purity is presented in this paper.
A 50-ohm line is used to realize an inset feed and its small width is indeed suitable for the design of
printed array BFNs on the same layer of the radiating elements. Many efforts have been made to
improve the antenna design performance for 5G applications. A continuous metal layer is connected
to the ground plane on the alternative side of the substrate. To improve the radiation of the antenna
design, different design techniques have been applied. State-of-the-art performance is obtained when
compared to the existing literature, with measured fractional bandwidths of 3.71% and 6.12%
around 10 GHz on a 0.508-mm-thick Teflon-based substrate. Photographs of the fabricated
prototypes are shown in Fig. 5. The overall dimensions of the 4 ? 4-element array and the 8 ? 8-
element array are 20 mm ? 35 mm and 18.2 mm ? 33.15 mm, respectively. Actually, the overall size
of the two arrays is designed in the same dimensions. The gain increase of 58.4% was relatively non-
porous. Radiation pattern and gain measurement setup of the antenna. The feed point for each
antenna is offset from the center of the patch by 0.75 mm in the horizontal direction as this was
found to be the location of the best return loss result. Previously, the patch antenna was fed at the
end as shown. Compared to the traditional patch antenna, MPA2 and MPA3 exhibit a flat range
around center frequency. The total array antenna size was 10.32 ? o ? 4.25 ? o ? 1.295 ? o at a center
frequency of 4.5 GHz. In conclusion, these results of the reported wideband array antenna with an
FSS reflector show good potential for use in the 5G sub-6 GHz applications. The single-, double-,
three-, four-, five-, and six-row holes are compared, and the hole spacing is explored. From 2001 to
2003, she joined in Positioning and Wireless Technology Center, Nanyang Technological University
in Singapore, where she was a research fellow and involved in the research and development of
RFID system. A 28 GHz sinusoidal waveform is used at each patch with an adjustable phase offset
that is determined based on the desired direction of the main beam. Therefore, using a smaller
permittivity for the substrate yields better radiation. To discuss the effect of the FSS reflector
operation on the array antenna, the current distribution is proposed in Figure 17. Nevertheless,
infinite proportions can be approximated with considerable quantities of FSS cells. All these
simulations were performed with the patches fed with equal phase signals. Semantic Scholar is a free,
AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. This paper also
compares the spherical holes with a radius of 0.8 mm ( Figure S5 ). Table 1 shows the comparison of
return loss between perforated antennas and the unstructured antenna. A smaller reflector can be
used at the expense of the achieved gain. By integrating the FSS reflector, the array antenna
achieved a high gain of 12.4 dBi, with an acceptable radiation efficiency of about 77.5%. These
attractive features make the proposed design suitable for 5G sub-6 GHz applications. 5. Conclusions
A high-gain wideband array antenna with an FSS reflector for mid-band 5G applications was
examined in this study. It is worth mentioning that the majority of these designs need a thick foam
substrate or an air gap, thus leading to a more difficult assembling phase. There have been research
papers written were distinct dielectrics (different permittivities) are used under the patch antenna and
transmission line sections, to circumvent this issue. Journal of Functional Morphology and
Kinesiology (JFMK). International Journal of Translational Medicine (IJTM). Derneryd Engineering,
Physics 1976 An equivalent network for square and rectangular shaped microstrip radiating elements
is derived.