STARTUP BUSINESS: IMPROVING MARKETING SKILLS OF STUDENT

ENTREPRENEURS

A Research Paper

Presented to the

Faculty of Senior High School

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Academic Track

Accounting, Business, and Management Strand

GRADE 12 – MUSK

Katrina Akisha L. Sambeli

Marielle G. Alegre
Nomer Jay V. Maycacayan
Cristina Marie C. Mechilina
Phoebe Shane R. Tamayo
Ishi Mea A. Avecilla
Sharmaine Joy B. Villanueva
Ayesha Sofia R. Villariña
Marcelo B. Balangue
Sahnie R. Velasco
Rexon D. Sinadjan

May 31, 2023

APPROVAL SHEET
The thesis entitled “STARTUP BUSINESS: IMPROVING MARKETING
SKILLS OF STUDENT ENTREPRENUERS” prepared and submitted in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the Academic Track Accounting, Business, and
Management Strand by Sambeli, Katrina Akisha, Alegre, Marielle, Tamayo, Phoebe
Shane, Avecilla, Ishi Mea, Villariña, Ayesha Sofia, Villanueva, Sharmaine, Balangue,
Marcelo, Mechilina, Cristina Marie, Sinadjan, Rexon, Velasco, Sahnie, and
Maycacayan, Nomer is hereby recommended for approval and acceptance.
______________________ LIZA A. VILLAMAR, Ph. D.
Date Research Teacher
 Approved in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Academic Track
Accounting, Business, and Management Strand by the Oral Examination Committee.

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Academic Track

Accounting, Business, and Management Strand
EMMALYN P. GUEVARRA
 Assistant Principal II

VIRGILIO P. RAMOS
School Head

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The completion of this study would not be possible with the presence of the
Almighty God, who gave us strength and wisdom despite the difficulties we had while
doing the research, the researchers were able to complete this study.
Furthermore, the researchers wish to express their heartfelt gratitude and
heartfelt appreciation to everyone who assisted them and contributed their time,
knowledge, and unselfish effort for the success of the study.
VIRGILIO P. RAMOS, School Head, for giving the researchers the
permission to conduct the study;
EMMALYN P. GUEVARRA, Assistant Principal II, for the moral support
and allowing the researchers to conduct the study;
Dr. LIZA A. VILLAMAR, Research teacher, for her patience and
dedication to thoroughly reviewing the manuscript to improve the study; panel chairman,
for checking the manuscript; and statistician, for humbly extending her expertise;
Dr. APRIL B. CEŃIDOZA, critic reader, before and after the final defense
for his constructive feedback and suggestions;
 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS, respondents, for their readiness to
serve as respondents and their collaboration;
The SAMBELI, ALEGRE, VILLARIÑA, VILLANUEVA, TAMAYO, SINADJAN,
VELASCO, MECHILINA, MAYCACAYAN, BALANGUE, and AVECILLA families, for
their love, guidance, and support in making this research study.
-The Researchers

DEDICATION

First, we joyfully dedicate this humble piece of work to our families namely; The

Sambeli family, The Alegre family, The Villariña family, The Villanueva family, The

Tamayo family, The Mechilina family, The Maycacayan family, The Balangue family,

The Sinadjan family, The Velasco family and The Avecilla family; who gave us support

not just financially but also morally and physically supported us all the way to our

success of this venture.

This output is also dedicated to our friends and comrades who have also lent a

hand and support throughout our journey of making this research paper. To our brothers

and sisters and most of all to our Lord God Almighty who bestow upon us the power

and strength to produce this output of research. This piece of work serves as a proof of

our success. Thank You!

Akisha
Marielle
Sharmaine
Sofia
Phoebe
Ishi
Cristina
Rexon
Marcelo
Sahnie
Nomer
 ABSTRACT

TITLE: STARTUP BUSINESS: IMPROVING MARKETING SKILLS OF STUDENT

ENTREPRENEURS

AUTHORS: SAMBELI, KATRINA AKISHA L.

ALEGRE, MARIELLE G.
MAYCACAYAN, NOMER V.
MECHILINA, CRISTINA MARIE C.
TAMAYO, PHOEBE SHANE R.
AVECILLA, ISHI MEA A.
VILLANUEVA, SHARMAINE B.
VILLARIÑA, AYESHA SOFIA
BALANGUE, MARCELO B.

TRACK – STRAND: Academic – Accounting, Business, and Management

ACADEMIC YEAR: 2022-2023

TYPE OF DOCUMENT: Senior high school research paper

TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES: 78

NAME AND ADDRESS OF INSTITUTION: Vicente Madrigal Integrated School

Senior High School Binangonan, Rizal

UTIVE SUMMARY:

In today’s generation, business is every people’s source of income. Students

also learned how to have their own businesses for extra allowance or even a general

income for their family. And by having their own business, they have the chance to

enhance their marketing skills; that they can use for their future job. With this study, the

researchers aimed to determine the effectiveness of startup businesses in improving

student entrepreneurs marketing skills. The researchers used descriptive method to

analyze the effects of startup business on senior high students’ entrepreneurial skills.

By conducting a survey and giving a questionnaire checklist to obtained various data

from 38 random grade 11 and 12 students from Vicente Madrigal Integrated School that

were chosen through convenience sampling.

The study revealed the effectiveness of startup business in enhancing the

student’s marketing skills. Thus, the researchers concluded that startup business is a

big help in developing grade 12 learners’ skill.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE…………………………………………………………………..i

APPROVAL SHEET………………………………………………………….ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………………..iii

DEDICATION…………………………………………………………………iv

ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………v
TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………..vii

LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………………….ix

LIST OF FIGURES…………………………………………………………...x

Chapters

1. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Background and Purpose of the Study 11-19

Review of Related Literatures and Studies 13-19
Theoretical Framework 20
Conceptual Framework 20-21
Statement of the Problem 22
Research Assumption 23
Scope and Limitations of the Study 23
Definition of Terms 24-25

2. THE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design 26-27

Setting of the Study 27-28
Subject of the Study 29
Sources of Data 29-30
Procedure of the Study 30-31
Statistical Treatment 31-32

3. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Profile of the Respondents in Terms of Sex and Strand
………………………...………...................... 33-35

Common Startup Business in Terms of Online Selling and Food

Vending
…………… …………………......................... 35-36

Common Marketing Skills of Students Improved by Starting up a

Business ……………………………………… 36-47

Composite Table of Common Marketing Skills of Students Improved by

Starting up a Business
……………………… ………………………… 48-49
 4. FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings 50-51

Conclusions 51
Recommendations 52

REFERENCES………………………………………………………..,,53-58
APPENDICES…………………………………………………………..59
A. Gantt chart of Activities………………………………………..,60
B. Letter of Permission to Conduct the Study………………….. 61
C. Certificate of Content Validation…………… ……………….. 62
D. Questionnaire Checklist ………………………… ……..…... 63-67
E. Documentation………………………………….……………….

CURRICULUM VITAE…………………………………………………..,68-78

LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

1. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents in terms of Sex

…………………………………………………………………………………….. 33-34

2. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents in terms of Strand

…………………………………………………………….………………………..34-35

3. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondent’s Common Start-up

Business
…………………………………………………………………………………..…35-36

4. Marketing skills of Students Improved by Startup Business in Terms of

Seller’s Knowledge about Customers
………………………………………………….……………………………….... 36-37

5. Marketing skills of Students Improved by Startup Business in Terms of

Social Media Managing
…………………………………………………………………….……………… 38-39
6. Marketing skills of Students Improved by Startup Business in Terms of
Graphic Designing
………………………………………………………………………….…........... 40-41

7. Marketing skills of Students Improved by Startup Business in Terms of

Decision Making
……………………………………………………………………………….……42-43

8. Marketing Skills of Students Improved by Startup Business in Terms of Time

Management
………………………………………………………………………….……..…. 44-45
9. Marketing skills of Students Improved by Startup Business in Terms of
Adaptability
……………………………………………………………………………………. 46-47
10. Marketing Skills of Students Improved by Startup Business
………………………………………………………………………………………48
LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page

1. A CONCEPTUAL MODEL SHOWING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF START-UP

BUSINESS IN IMPROVING STUDENT ENTREPRENUERS’ MARKETING SKILLS
……………………………….…………………………………………………………. 21
2. MAP OF VICENTE MADRIGAL INTEGRATED SCHOOL
…………………………………………………………….……………………………. 28

3. Percentage Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Sex

………………………………………………………………………………………….. 33

4. Percentage Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Strand

………………………………………………………………………………………….. 34

5. Percentage Distribution of the Respondent’s Common Startup Business

………………………….………………………………………………………………. 35

Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

 This chapter deals with the purpose and background of the study, theoretical

framework, conceptual framework, statement of the problem, hypothesis, scope and

limitation, and definition of terms.

Background and Purpose of the Study

Owning a business is the best way to have income. But maintaining one is not an

easy task. Many things are need to be considered in order to be sure that the business

will stay strong and improve. One of the factors that need to think about in sustaining a

business is marketing skills. It is the main skill needed in order to make the business

grow. Students who want to become future entrepreneurs are having difficulties in

enhancing their marketing skills. But one of the solutions they did to uplift their skills is

by startup business. Selling products and services is their new and convenient way of

earning money moreover, building up their marketing skills.

Republic Act No. 6977 is a law in the Philippines that advocates for the

development and support of Small to Medium enterprises (SMED) by creating a council

dedicated to promoting SMED growth. The establishment of the council is part of a

larger effort to rationalize local government assistance programs and agencies that

work with SMED. The goal is to increase support for SMED and enable them to thrive in

the local economy.

Similar to this act, Republic Act No. 11337, The Innovative Startup Act, is

another act was published by the government to support entrepreneurs in their startup

business. It was signed on April 26, 2019. Its purpose is to strengthen, promote, and

develop an innovative and entrepreneurial ecosystem and culture for the Philippines. It
centers on providing benefits and removing constraints to encourage the establishment

and operation of innovative new enterprises and businesses crucial to their growth and

expansion.

Another act that can support this study is the Republic Act No. 10644 or the

"Go Negosyo Act". Wherein the law aims to promote job generation and inclusive

growth through the development of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). It

provides support for MSMEs, including student entrepreneurs, through access to

financing, training, mentoring, and market linkages.

All of these republic acts are aiming for the betterment of our present and

future entrepreneurs by providing assistance and motivation. As these entrepreneurs

have a big part in the advancement of the economy of the country.

ABM students are learning things that they will need in their future

professions. But their skills are not yet refined. Therefore, they started selling products

such as foods to not only have an income but to also mold their marketing skills. They

help their families by helping them sell their products inside school to their classmates

and schoolmates. By doing this, they are gaining experiences and knowledge on how to

handle a business.

The economic growth of any nation has a significant impact on its business

market. As such, with the Philippines economy in an upward trajectory, the quality of
business and investment opportunities are also improving. In 2017, the country's GDP

reached an estimated value of $1.980 trillion using the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)

method. Significant changes have been recorded in the growth of business sectors such

as exports and investment, indicating a growing market. The Philippines is projected to

become the 16th largest economy in the world and the 5th largest in Asia by 2050, with

a population exceeding 105 million people. The country is also known for its high-quality

human resources and natural resources, which makes it a promising destination for

business and investment opportunities. (Prajakta Deshpande, June 2019)

According in research that was authored by Roxas, B. et al. (2016), Proves

that an entrepreneurial strategic orientation enables small business owners in the

Philippines to enhance their stance on environmental sustainability practices that leads

them in better quality of their business performances.

Based on the researcher, (Christian Rudeloff et al. (2022) the usage of various

communication strategies by startups, including information, response, and

involvement. The authors analyzed the decision-making processes behind these

practices, which involve different decision logics such as effectuation, causation, and a

lack of strategy. Social media success was also studied. Despite the existence of

numerous research studies on the decision logics of entrepreneurs and different

communication strategies individually, there is a dearth of research on the interplay

between the two areas, particularly as it pertains to social media success.

 The study by a team of researchers sought to investigate the motivational

factors that influence individuals to become entrepreneurs, specifically focusing on the

values that drive them and their intentions to start their own businesses. The study

employed reliable and well-validated instruments to measure the participants' values

and intentions, and it surveyed 205 students from a private university in Malaysia. The

study's findings have the potential to deepen our understanding of how individuals

become entrepreneurs and to predict their future actions and intentions. (Looi, K. H.,

2018)

Angelo Di Gregorio et al. (2019) Added that technological advancements have

transformed the marketing career path and analyzed the in-demand skills required for

marketing professionals, especially for those starting and advancing in their careers.

Through a comprehensive study involving a content analysis of job advertisements and

a cross-country survey, the researchers identified five employability skill categories and

29 individual skills and capabilities that marketing professionals need to thrive in the

digital age.

Pulizzi, J. (2016), breaks down the business-startup process into six steps, that

he called “the content Inc. model”, which are the sweet spot, content tilt, building the

base, harvesting audience, diversification, and monetization, making it simple for

aspiring entrepreneurs to visualize, launch, and monetize their own business.

 While according to Zahay D., Pollite W. A., Reavey, B., Alvarado A., (2021), a

process to modernize an undergraduate marketing curriculum can be highlighted by

incorporating aspects of digital marketing and analytics in all courses.

Furthermore, teaching students how to use relevant digital marketing tools and

giving them an end-to-end experience and managerial control over key resources by

using course design significantly help students leave the course with real-world skills

and items for their résumé to demonstrate workplace readiness. (Key, T. M.,

Czaplewski, A. J., and Ferguson, J. M., 2019)

According to Dominic Buccieri et al., (2020) International New Ventures

(INVs), firms are facing increased environmental instability in global markets, which

makes it crucial for them to enhance their innovative and marketing abilities. While the

research on this topic has expanded, it is still lacking when it comes to providing

insights on how INVs develop and leverage dynamic capabilities to overcome resource

constraints and improve their performance.

Nirnaya Tripathi et al. (2019) Enunciated that a successful startup firms

have the ability to create jobs and contribute to economic welfare. A suitable ecosystem

developed around startups is important to form and support these firms. In this regard, it

is crucial to understand the startup ecosystem, particularly from researchers’ and

practitioners’ perspectives. However, a systematic literature research on the startup

ecosystem is limited.
 In one study, Lai C., Dentoni D., Chan C., and Neyra E. M. (2017), stated that

the degree to which youth entrepreneurs in the Philippines embrace characteristics

associated with "successful" future entrepreneurs, as identified by a psychology strand

of the entrepreneurship literature from the United States and Europe. The aim was to

shed light on how these young entrepreneurs adapt to the demands of the market and

the resources available to them to ultimately flourish and thrive.

Another study conducted by Camba, A. L. (2020), a bound testing approach to

Estimate the nature of relationship of entrepreneurship and business confidence on

youth unemployment. She wanted to know the relation between to know how it can

cause unemployment.

Agaton C. B., Guno C.S., Villanueva Resy O., and Villanueva Riza O., (2020),

looked into the potential of waste-to-energy technologies as a sustainable source of

energy in developing countries, where the municipal solid waste management problem

is becoming more severe. To evaluate its economic feasibility, they conducted a study

using the Philippines as a case study. The study aimed to assess the suitability of

waste-to-energy projects in developing countries, particularly in a country like the

Philippines where solid waste management is a significant issue.

As Martin Lukeš et al. (2019), mentioned the potential impact of business

incubators on the performance of innovative startups, specifically in regards to their

long-term and short-term effects on sales revenues and job creation. This is important
as startups are recognized as a key source of innovation and job creation in the current

economic landscape and, as such, are often the subject of different types of supportive

public policies

Furthermore, Charles Sabel (2019), stated that Technology is often

perceived as allowing for human ends rather than restricting them, functioning as a tool

to realize change rather than as a machine imposing its rhythms on its users.

Corporations, facing volatile markets made even more so by the malleable nature of

technology, are trying to reduce their risks by transforming dedicated or specialized

resources into general-purpose ones, allowing for rapid adjustment from declining

markets or segments to prosperous ones in the same or related industries

In addition, Anh, D. B. H., & Tien, N. H. (2021), stated that in

the current economy is facing numerous fluctuations, with the COVID-19 pandemic

having a significant impact on many economies, including that of powerful countries

such as the US, China, and Japan. However, the education industry remains relatively

stable, though impacted by external factors. Nonetheless, educational corporations

must adjust their business strategies to adapt to the new times. Determining whether a

business strategy will benefit an organization can be challenging, but considering

certain factors may help identify its efficiency.

Dominic Buccieri et al. (2020), said that INV literature highlights that firms

face intense pressure from environmental dynamism in global markets, which requires
them to strengthen their capabilities in innovation and marketing to remain competitive.

However, little information is available on how INV firms develop and employ dynamic

capabilities to overcome limits within their resources. Researchers used the concept of

international entrepreneurship culture (IEC) to explore how INV firms develop and

deploy innovative and dynamic marketing capabilities to succeed in their international

activities.

In another study specified that Greenwashing can affect a company’s

profitability and can result in ethical harm. Conducting two studies, an interview study

with consumer product and consulting firms, as well as an experiment examining

consumers interacting with a company website, to furthermore prove the bad influence

of greenwashing. (Szabo, S. and Webster, J., 2020)

Franceschelli et al. (2017) analyzed the methods by which startups can innovate

their business models with a focus on social and environmental concerns. The study

emphasized the importance of sustainability in all aspects of the business model

configuration proposed by Osterwalder to provide a deeper understanding of the

concept of sustainable business models. The main significance of the study lies in its

introduction of the concept of "sustainable innovation" within the literature on business

models. Furthermore, the study concluded that the development of sustainable

business model innovations is particularly significant for start-ups in the food industry

because of the industry's connection to nature and humanity.

Theoretical Framework

Philip Kotler's theory (1999) serves as a reliable foundation for studying

marketing. He argues that marketing is the key to achieving successful revenue growth

for a company. Marketing professionals must identify and evaluate market opportunities,

which requires a range of useful skills, such as customer research, data analysis, trend

detection, creative problem-solving, leadership, and adaptability. Mastering these skills

takes both practice and time but can ultimately help an entrepreneur launch a

successful business. Kotler's works provide valuable guidance throughout the entire

process of improving marketing skills for budding entrepreneurs.

Conceptual Framework

Based on the theories presented, the following conceptual framework was

formulated by the researchers.

The startup business phase shows the variables that are common startup

business of student entrepreneur respondents.

The marketing skills phase shows the variables that are likely for student

entrepreneurs to acquire or improve by doing the startup business.

Figure 1
 A CONCEPTUAL MODEL SHOWING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STARTUP

BUSINESS IN IMPROVING STUDENT ENTREPRENUERS’ MARKETING SKILLS.

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to determine the effects of Startup Business in Improving

Marketing Skills of Student Entrepreneurs of Vicente Madrigal Integrated School.

Specifically, this study seeks answers to the following questions:

1. What was the profile of the respondents in terms of;

1. Sex; and

2. Strand?

2. What were the Common Startup Business of the respondents?

2.1. Online Selling; and

2.2. Food Vending?

3. How does Startup Business Improved the Marketing Skills of Student Entrepreneurs

specify to:

3.1. Seller’s Knowledge about Customers;

3.2. Social Media Managing;

3.3. Graphic Designing;

3.4. Decision Making;

3.5. Time Management; and

3.6. Adaptability
Research Assumptions

The study presents the following assumptions:

Grade 11 and 12 senior high entrepreneur students were encouraged to start

their own startup business and shared the knowledge their acquired in this study and
practice the information they gain.

Grade 11 and 12 entrepreneur students who want to be future business

man/woman were able to help them in their own business and were motivated to share
the skills they learn from the student entrepreneurs.

Teachers were inspired to teach things related to this study such as different
skills that can improve our skills for the business.

Philippines economy is growing faster and the businesses in the country will
furthermore improve because of the aspiring young entrepreneurs.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

The study aimed to determine how startup business improved the marketing

skills of senior high entrepreneurs in Binangonan, Rizal. This was conducted on the

second semester of school year 2022-2023. Enhancing the marketing skills of Senior

high student entrepreneurs can be a big help to their entrepreneurial skills.

This research used a descriptive research design. And conducted by utilizing

questionnaire to 38 randomly chosen respondents through convenience sampling to

acquire the information’s needed in the analysis.

Definitions of Terms

The following terms are hereby defined conceptually and operationally to arrive

at a better understanding of the study.

Startup Business- this refers to a company or person that is in initial stages of

business.

Food Vending- this refers to a business which foods are vend to customers.

Online Selling- it is a business that is operated in social media platforms and targets

online customers.

Marketing Skills- this refers to the skills that will be a great help in order to improve

someone business and business skills.

Seller’s Knowledge about Customers- this corresponds to a combination of

experience, value and insight information which are needed, created and absorbed

during the transaction and exchange between the customers and enterprise.

Social Media Management- this refers to the process of managing your online

presence on social media platforms. Social media managers will use their experience,

plus tools and services to create and publish content, interact with users, and analyze

performance.

Graphic Designing- this pertains to optimizing marketing efforts across all channels

and is key to building a professional brand. It is a process of creating creative design to

attract customers.

Decision Making- this concern to a soft skill that involves choosing between possible

solution to a problem.

Time Management- this regard to a skill of organizing and aligning your task and

objectives into a schedule.

Adaptability- this refers to the quality of being able to adjust to new conditions.
 Chapter 2

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research design, setting of the study, subject of

the study, sources of data, procedure of study, and statistical treatment.

Research Design

In conducting the study, the researchers used a questionnaire checklist for the

research. This study was made by the means of quantitative methods of researchers.

The researcher attempted to get the answer to the aforementioned problem and to

justify and satisfy the objectives of the study.

According to Sis International Research (n.d) quantitative research is a

structured way of collecting and analyzing data obtained from different sources.

Quantitative research involves the use of computational, statistical and mathematical

tools to derive results. It is conclusive in its purpose as it tries to quantify the problem
and understand how prevalent it is by looking for projectable results to a larger

population.

The researchers utilized a descriptive method of research wherein

questionnaires were used to determine the effectiveness of startup business in

improving student entrepreneurs marketing skills.

Descriptive research is a methodology that presents a broad spectrum of

activities purposively aimed at descriptive phenomena, events, situations, practices, and

trends develop. In addition, according to Shuttleworth, Descriptive research design is a

scientific method which involves observing and describing the behavior of a subject

without influencing it in any way.

Therefore, its objective is to describe a situation systematically—condition or

area of interest factually and accurately.

Setting of the Study

The study was conducted in Vicente Madrigal Integrated School, which was

established in 1992, Mayor Casimiro Ynares Jr. enlisted the help of Atty. Gilberto Duavit

in order to negotiate with the Madrigal Family to donate a parcel of land for a school

site. The designated representative for the Madrigal Family was Atty. Juan Miguel

Madrigal Vasquez, and the sum of the donated land was 458 square meters in area,

located on Quarry Road in Palangoy, Binangonan, Rizal.

The Vicente Madrigal Integrated School comprises Secondary levels. The Senior

High School and Junior High School. The school offers ABM, HUMSS, and TVL (EIM,

HE, ICT)
 Figure 2

MAP OF VICENTE MADRIGAL INTEGRATED SCHOOL

Subject of the Study

The subject of the study was the effectiveness of startup business in

improving student entrepreneurs marketing skills. The questionnaire checklist consists

of significant parts and features.

The researchers considered the senior high students from Vicente Madrigal

Integrated School who are aspiring entrepreneurs to be the respondents in evaluating

the questionnaire checklist. The respondents labeled the effectiveness of startup

business in terms of improving their marketing skills that were specified to; Seller’s

knowledge about the customers, social media managing, graphic designing, decision

making, time management, and adaptability.

Sources of the Data

In the conduct of the study, the researchers used a questionnaire checklist

for the evaluation of the survey that was conducted to gather data needed through

questionnaire checklist that consist 2 aspects, namely: startup business and marketing

skills.

The second sources included the internet, related literatures and studies,

unpublished thesis, and books; that were easy to use because they were resourceful,

organized and condensed.

 The respondents were chosen using convenience sampling. The following were

used for interpretation of the results.

Range Scale Verbal Interpretation

3.26-4.00 4 Strongly agree

2.51-3.25 3 Agree

1.76-2.50 2 Disagree

1.00-1.75 1 Strongly disagree

Procedure of the Study

A. Conduct of the Study

The researchers went through numerous phases while conducting the study; the

planning period of the study started when the approval of the title is done, after which

the researchers begun to gather data and information from various sources towards the

completion of the first chapter.

After checking the first chapter, the researchers revised it and then proceeded to

chapter 2; the researchers started designing and developing the questionnaire checklist

for the survey of the respondents.

B. Evaluation of the questionnaire checklist

The researchers asked the experts to evaluate the content of the questionnaire

to know what was to enhance and what to add or deduct. The researchers used

frequency and percentage distribution, and Likert scale to gather data from the

respondents.

Statistical Treatment
 The researchers applied the following statistical treatment to gain a better

understanding of the study.

To determine the profile of the respondents, researchers used a frequency

and percentage distribution method.

P= F/N (38)

P= Percentage

F= Frequency

N== Total number of respondents

38= constant multiplier

To determine the startup businesses commonly practice by respondents,

researchers used frequency and percentage distribution method.

P= F/N (38)

P= Percentage

F= Frequency

N== Total number of respondents

38= constant multiplier

This statistical tool was used to compute for the weight of the responses in the

questionnaire assigned by the respondents during the actual data gathering procedure.

The formula for the weighted mean is as follows:

 WM= Weighted mean

∑= Summation symbol

F= Frequency for each option

W= Assigned weight

N= Total number of frequencies

The following are the corresponding verbal interpretations for the weighted mean.

Weighted Corresponding remarks

means/Equivalent

3.26-4.00 Strongly agree

2.51-3.25 Agree

1.76-2.50 Disagree

1.00-1.75 Strongly disagree

Chapter 3
PRESENTATION ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the findings obtained from the analysis and
interpretation of data with the use of an adapted questionnaire checklist.

Profile of the Respondents in Terms of Sex and Strand.

Table 1 and figure 3 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of the
profile of the respondents in terms of Sex.

Table 1
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents
in Terms of Sex
 Sex Frequency Percentage
MALE 16 42.1%
FEMALE 22 57.9%
Total 38 100

Figure 3
Percentage Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Sex

As per the table and graph, most of the respondents are Female, with a

frequency of Twenty-two (22) and an equivalent percentage of 57.9. While male have

the frequency of sixteen (16) and an equivalent percentage of 42.1. With the overall

total of thirty-eight (38) respondents.

Table 2 and figure 4 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of the

profile of the respondents in terms of Strand.

Table 2
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents
in Terms of Strand

Frequenc
Strand Percentage
y
ABM 22 57.9%
HUMSS 7 18.4%
TVL-HE 3 7.9%
TVL-ICT 6 15.8%
TVL-EIM 0 0%
 TOTAL 38 100

Figure 4
Percentage Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Strand

As per the table and graph, most of the respondents are from ABM strand, with a

frequency of twenty-two (22) and an equivalent percentage of 57.9. Out of the total

thirty-eight (38) respondents, seven (7) are from HUMSS with the equivalent percentage

of 18.4, three (3) from HE with the equivalent percentage of 7.9, ICT with six (6)

respondents which is equivalent to 15.8%, and none from the EIM strand.

Common Startup Business in Terms of Online Selling and Food Vending

Table 3 and figure 5 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of

common startup business selected.

Table 3
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondent’s Common Startup
Business

Frequenc
Nature of business Percentage
y
Online Selling 26 68.4%
Food vending 10 26.3%
Others 2 5.3%
Total 38 100
 Figure 5
Percentage Distribution of the Respondent’s
Common Startup Business

The table and graph from the previous page show that out of the total

respondents of twenty-six (26) has Online selling as the nature of their business, which

is equivalent to 68.4%. The other ten (10) respondent’s nature of business is food

vending with the equivalent percentage of 26.3. And the remaining 5.3% represents the

two (2) respondents that has another nature of business.

Common Marketing Skills of Students Improved by Starting-up a Business

Table 4 presents the computed mean of the marketing skills of students

improved by startup business in terms of seller’s knowledge about customers.

Table 4
Marketing skills of Students Improved by Startup Business in Terms of
Seller’s Knowledge about Customers.
 Verbal
Seller’s Knowledge about Customers Mean Interpretation
1.I know my loyal customers personally. 3.10 Agree
2.I make sure my products are based on my customer’s
preferences. 3.55 Strongly Agree
3.If they do not like something about my product or
services, I immediately improve it to avoid disappointment
from them. 3.26 Strongly Agree
4.I sell products based on what is trending. 3.47 Strongly Agree
5.I make sure that my products are budget friendly or give
discounts for my customers. 3.74 Strongly Agree
Total 3.42 Strongly Agree

As per the table, statement number 5 “I make sure that my products are budget

friendly or give discounts for my customers.” obtained the highest mean of 3.74, verbally

interpreted as “Strongly Agree”. This is followed by statement number 2 “I make sure

my products are based on my customer’s preferences” which has an obtained mean of

3.55 and verbal interpretation of “Strongly Agree”. Statement number 4 “I sell products

based on what is trending.” Obtained the mean of 3.47, verbally interpreted as “Strongly

Agree”. Statement number 3 “If they do not like something about my product or

services, I immediately improve it to avoid disappointment from them.” Obtained the

mean 3.21 and verbally interpreted as “Strongly Agree” Statement number 1 “I know my

loyal customers personally.” Got the least mean of 3.10 and verbally interpreted as

“Agree”.

The results suggest that the respondents possess the necessary knowledge and

skills to effectively handle their customers' needs. Furthermore, they appear to be able

to accommodate the varied needs of their clientele.

A similar study by Cannon, J. P., & Perreault Jr, W. D. (1999) stated that the

marketing field has seen an increased focus on buyer–seller relationships over the past
decade. Measures have been developed to evaluate various aspects of these

relationships, including information exchange, operational linkages, legal bonds,

cooperation, and adaptations made by buyers and sellers to facilitate these ties. These

measures were validated through multiple stages of testing before they were used in

research.

Table 5 presents the computed mean of the marketing skills of students

improved by startup business in terms of social media managing.

Table 5
Marketing skills of Students Improved by Startup Business in Terms of Social
Media Managing

Verbal
Social Media Managing Mean
Interpretation
1. I Create a Facebook Page for the business. 3.44 Strongly Agree

2. I use Facebook Reels, TikTok and/or other social Strongly Agree

3.40
media platforms to promote my products.
Strongly Agree
3. I promote my products using what’s trending today,
3.34
trendy hashtags to catch the people’s attention.
4. I pay for promotions online to boost my views, likes, Agree
2.42
and followers.
Agree
5. I put my account on a professional account so I could
3.05
monitor my growth in engagements and promotions.
Total 3.13 Agree

As per the table, statement number 1 “I Create a Facebook Page for the

business.” obtained the highest mean of 3.44, verbally interpreted as “Strongly Agree”.

This is followed by statement number 2 “I use Facebook Reels, TikTok and/or other

social media platforms to promote my products.” which has an obtained mean of 3.40
and verbal interpretation of “Strongly Agree”. Statement number 3 “. I promote my

products using what’s trending today, trendy hashtags to catch the people’s attention.”

Obtained the mean of 3.34, verbally interpreted as “Strongly Agree”. Statement number

5 “I put my account on a professional account so I could monitor my growth in

engagements and promotions.” Obtained the mean 3.05 and verbally interpreted as

“Agree” Statement number 4 “I pay for promotions online to boost my views, likes, and

followers.” Got the least mean of 2.42 and verbally interpreted as “Agree”.

The results suggest that the respondents would rather not pay for online

advertisement and would not put their account on professional mode. But the overall

results still indicates that they are literate about using social medias in promoting their

business.

A study by Cartwright, S., Liu, H., & Raddats, C. (2021) stated that social media's

application in Business-to-Business (B2B) organizations is on the rise, serving as a

crucial component of their marketing and communication strategies. Despite extensive

research on the tactical use of social media platforms, there is a gap in understanding

the relationship-oriented themes that organizations leverage social media for, such as

its role in: 1) sales facilitation, 2) integrated communication, and 3) employee

engagement. These three themes are interrelated, and organizations must effectively

balance them to gain a competitive advantage in the social media environment.

 Table 6 presents the computed mean of the marketing skills of students

improved by startup business in terms of graphic designing.

Table 6
Marketing Skills of Students Improved by Startup Business in Terms of
Graphic Designing

Mea Verbal
Graphic Designing
n Interpretation
1. I consider using editing applications to create a unique
3.28 Strongly Agree
menu/visual of my products.
Strongly Agree
2. I find it useful to gather ideas for designs online to use in
3.29
my business menu or visuals.
3 I find it useful to make a creative menu using editing Strongly Agree
applications to show a variety of products my business can 3.26
offer.
Strongly Agree
4. I typically advertise my business through the use of
3.29
trendy styles of visuals to attract customers.
Strongly Agree
5. I consider it beneficial to my business to make a good
first impression on clients through the layout of social
3.39
media, menus, visuals of my products I post on social
media to get positive feedbacks.
Total 3.30 Strongly Agree

As per the table, statement number 5 “I consider it beneficial to my business to

make a good first impression on clients through the layout of social media, menus,

visuals of my products I post on social media to get positive feedbacks.” obtained the

highest mean of 3.39, verbally interpreted as “Strongly Agree”. This is followed by

statements number 2 “I find it useful to gather ideas for designs online to use in my

business menu or visuals.” And number 4 “I typically advertise my business through the

use of trendy styles of visuals to attract customers.” Which both obtained mean of 3.29

and verbal interpretation of “Strongly Agree”. Statement number 1 “I consider using

editing applications to create a unique menu/visual of my products.” Obtained the mean

of 3.21, verbally interpreted as “Strongly Agree”. Statement number 3 “I find it useful to

make a creative menu using editing applications to show a variety of products my

business can offer.” Got the least mean of 3.18 and verbally interpreted as “Strongly

Agree”.

The results suggest that the respondents appear to greatly value the use of

editing applications to enhance the visuals in their marketing materials, which can

attract more customers to their businesses.

According to Dewi, R., Verina, W., & Akbar, M. B. (2021), Graphic design

software is widely used for its ease of use and versatility in various aspects of work. Its

usefulness to students during the pandemic is evident in the increasing demand for

photo editing services such as travel and graduation photos. Furthermore, students can

take advantage of this demand by capitalizing on it as a business opportunity, as the

work can be done anywhere with the easily accessible tools and skills readily available.

In today's job market, having a well-developed skillset like those offered by Photoshop

makes it easier for individuals to compete for work.

Table 7 presents the computed mean of the marketing skills of students

improved by startup business in terms of decision making.

Table 7
Marketing Skills of Students Improved by Startup Business in Terms of
Decision Making

Verbal
Decision Making Mean
Interpretation
 1. Every decision I make creates a great impact for my
3.45 Strongly Agree
business.
2. When my business faces financial problem, I know Agree
3.03
what decisions to make in order to solve it.
3. I am quick to decide what to sell to my customers on a Agree
3.05
daily basis.
4. I flex my abilities and use innovation to advance my Strongly Agree
3.29
business.
5. I make sure that my decisions will make my Strongly Agree
3.37
production easy and convenient.
Total 3.24 Agree

As per the table, statement number 1 “Every decision I make creates a great

impact for my business.” obtained the highest mean of 3.45, verbally interpreted as

“Strongly Agree”. This is followed by statement number 5 “I make sure that my

decisions will make my production easy and convenient.” obtained mean of 3.37 and

verbal interpretation of “Strongly Agree”. Statement number 4 “I flex my abilities and use

innovation to advance my business.” Obtained the mean of 3.29, verbally interpreted as

“Strongly Agree”. Followed by the statement number 3” I am quick to decide what to sell

to my customers on a daily basis” which obtained the mean of 3.05 and verbally

interpreted as “agree” Statement number 2 “When my business faces financial problem,

I know what decisions to make in order to solve it.” Got the least mean of 3.03 and

verbally interpreted as “Agree”.

The results suggest that most of the respondents require additional development

in order to improve their decision-making process and abilities. This is essential for

them to enhance their business acumen and make more informed choices that will

benefit their ventures in the long run.

According to Woiceshyn, J. (2011) In business, the decisions made by decision-

makers can have far-reaching effects on various interested parties, including customers,
employees, shareholders, competitors, and suppliers. Therefore, how individuals make

these decisions is crucial. Unethical decisions can lead to harm both for the decision-

makers and others involved, while ethical decisions have positive effects. It is

imperative to carefully consider the impact of decisions on all stakeholders involved to

avoid negative consequences.

Table 8 presents the computed mean of the marketing skills of students

improved by startup business in terms of time management.

Table 8
Marketing Skills of Students Improved by Startup Business in Terms of
Time Management

Verbal
Time Management Mean
Interpretation
1. I manage my time accordingly. 3.30 Strongly agree
2. I plan ahead of time before starting my business
3.26 Strongly agree
every day.
3. I use goal setting to determine my most important
3.27 Strongly agree
activity.
4. I work on the highest priority tasks throughout the
3.35 Strongly agree
day.
5. I like to work my way into the difficult or boring task
3.08 Agree
by doing the easier ones first.
Total 3.25 Agree
 As per the table, statement number 1 “I manage my time accordingly.” obtained

the highest mean of 3.24, verbally interpreted as “Strongly Agree”. This is followed by

statement number 4 “I work on the highest priority tasks throughout the day.” Which

obtained mean of 3.19 and verbal interpretation of “Strongly Agree”. Statement number

3 “I use goal setting to determine my most important activity.” Obtained the mean of

3.16, verbally interpreted as “Strongly Agree”. Statement number 2 “I plan ahead of time

before starting my business every day.” Obtained the mean of 3.13 and verbally

interpreted as “Strongly agree” Statement number 5 “I like to work my way into the

difficult or boring task by doing the easier ones first.” Got the least mean of 3.08 and

verbally interpreted as “Agree”.

The results suggest that most of the respondents are still struggling to effectively

manage their time. Therefore, further improvements in this area may be necessary in

order to optimize their productivity and achieve greater success in their business

pursuits.

A study by Eder, J., Panagos, E., Pozewaunig, H., & Rabinovich, M. (1999)

stated that Workflow management involves more than just following business rules; it

also requires effective management of the process activities within a certain time frame.

Time management is essential in controlling the lifecycle of the workflow, including

planning the execution time, estimating the durations of each activity, ensuring

adherence to deadlines, and responding to any deadline violations that may occur.

These time-management features are crucial for ensuring the efficient completion of

workflow processes and mitigating potential negative impacts from delays or

interruptions.
 Table 9 presents the computed mean of the marketing skills of students

improved by startup business in terms of Adaptability.

Table 9
Marketing Skills of Students Improved by Startup Business in Terms of
Adaptability

Mea Verbal
Adaptability
n Interpretation
1. I can easily adjust my working style if it is needed. 3.40 Strongly agree
2. I am flexible to changing tone, languages and styles
3.28 Strongly agree
for different situations of my business.
3. I can handle work under pressure. 3.26 Strongly agree
4. I am flexible to take on new roles and responsibilities
3.32 Strongly agree
at short notice.
5. I stay motivated even though there's a lot of work. 3.50 Strongly agree
Total 3.35 Strongly agree

As per the table, statement number 5 “I stay motivated even though there's a lot

of work” obtained the highest mean of 3.50, verbally interpreted as “Strongly Agree”.

This is followed by statement number 4 “I am flexible to take on new roles and

responsibilities at short notice.” obtained mean of 3.32 and verbal interpretation of

“Strongly Agree”. Statement number 1 “I can easily adjust my working style if it is

needed.” Obtained the mean of 3.26, verbally interpreted as “Strongly Agree”.

Statement number 2 “. I am flexible to changing tone, languages and styles for different
situations of my business.” Obtained the mean of 3.13 and verbally interpreted as

“Strongly agree’ Statement number 3 “I can handle work under pressure.” Got the least

mean of 3.11 and verbally interpreted as “Strongly Agree”.

The results suggest that the respondents are highly adaptable and possess the

willingness to change their business practices with the assistance of startup

entrepreneurs. This indicates a level of openness and agility in their approach to

running a business, which can be an asset as they navigate the ever-changing

landscape of entrepreneurship.

A study conducted by Tolentino, L. R., Sedoglavich, V., Lu, V. N., Garcia, P. R. J.

M., & Restubog, S. L. D. (2014). They believe that career adaptability, which is defined

as an individual's ability to self-regulate and adapt to different career environments, is

further developed by exposure to family businesses. Entrepreneurship is an adaptive

vocational behavior that is driven by individuals' self-regulatory capacity to navigate the

complex entrepreneurial career context. This means that individuals with strong self-

regulatory abilities and a positive attitude towards entrepreneurship are more likely to

thrive in the challenging entrepreneurial environment.

Composite Table of Common Marketing Skills of Students Improved by Starting-

up a Business
 Table 10 presents the composite table of the marketing skills of students

improved by startup business.

Table 10
Marketing Skills of Students Improved by Startup Business

Variables Mea Verbal Interpretation

1. Seller’s Knowledge about Customers 3.42 Strongly agree

2. Social Media Managing 3.13 Agree

3. Graphic Designing 3.30 Strongly agree

4. Decision Making 3.24 Agree

5. Time Management 3.25 Agree

6. Adaptability 3.35 Strongly agree

Total 3.28 Strongly agree

As per the table, marketing skill number 1 “Seller’s Knowledge about Customers”

obtained the highest mean of 3.42, verbally interpreted as “Strongly Agree”. This is

followed by marketing skill number 6 “Adaptability” obtained mean of 3.35 and verbal

interpretation of “Strongly Agree”. Marketing skill number 3 “Graphic Designing”

Obtained the mean of 3.30, verbally interpreted as “Strongly Agree”. Marketing skill

number 5 “Time Management” Obtained the mean of 3.25 and verbally interpreted as

“Agree”. Marketing skill number 4 “Decision Making” obtained the mean of 3.24 and

verbally interpreted as “Agree”. Marketing skill number 2 “Social Media Managing” Got

the least mean of 3.13 and verbally interpreted as “Agree”.

 The results suggest that the respondents were able to further develop their

marketing skills as a result of operating a startup business. This could be attributed to

their exposure to various aspects of their venture, such as identifying target audiences,

creating appealing advertisements, and engaging with potential customers. As such, the

experience gained through their startup efforts likely enhanced their marketing

capabilities.

According to McCorkle, D. E., Alexander, J. F., Reardon, J., & Kling, N. D.

(2003), the job market for marketing and business students is highly competitive, posing

significant challenges and requiring a great deal of effort in order to achieve success.

This is a commonly recognized realization that most students arrive at sooner rather

than later. As to why marketing skills are important in order for students to be ready in

job searching after they graduate.

Chapter 4

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions, and

recommendations.

Summary of Findings

Based on the analysis and interpretation of data, the following are hereby

summarized:
1. Profile of the Respondents in Terms of Sex and Strand.

Most of the respondents are Female from the ABM strand.

2. Common Startup Business in Terms of Online Selling and Food Vending.

The most common Startup business of the respondents is Online selling in

respect to Food vending.

3. Common Marketing Skills of Students Improved by Starting-up a Business.

In terms of seller’s knowledge about customers, the respondents can make sure

that their products are budget friendly and they give discounts for their customers.

however, most of them do not know their loyal customers personally.

In terms of social media managing, the respondents create Facebook page for

their business. But most do not pay for promotions online to boost their views, likes, and

followers.

In terms of graphic designing, the senior high students consider it beneficial to

their business to make a good first impression on clients through the layout of social

media, menus, visuals of their products they post on social media to get positive

feedbacks. But most of them do not find it useful to make a creative menu using editing

applications to show a variety of products their business can offer.

In terms of decision making, the respondents every decision can creates a great

impact for their business. On the other hand, most of them do not know what decisions

to make when their business faces financial problems.

In terms of time management, the student entrepreneurs can manage their time

accordingly. Despite this, most of them do not work their way into the difficult or boring

task by doing the easier ones first.

 And lastly, in terms of adaptability, the respondents stay motivated even though

there's a lot of work. But most of them cannot handle work under pressure.

Conclusions

Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were derived from

the study:

1. Most of the senior high school female students have startup business with

online business with online selling as the nature of their business.

2. Most of the respondents have their marketing skills improved by operating

their startup business.

3. Among the marketing skills, the senior high school students have seller’s

knowledge about customers, adaptability, and graphic designing. However, lack

marketing skills in terms of time management and decision making.

Recommendations

After thorough procedures and analysis of data, the following recommendations

are hereby made to develop and improve the research problem:

1. To promote more male students to pursue a career in entrepreneurship, the

school should provide entrepreneurship courses at all levels, implement mentorship

programs with successful male entrepreneurs as mentors, facilitate a positive and

supportive environment for male students pursuing entrepreneurship, offer access to

resources, and celebrate and promote the successes of male entrepreneurs. By

implementing these strategies, schools can create a more inclusive and diverse

entrepreneurial ecosystem, allowing both male and female entrepreneurs to learn and

succeed.
 2. Student entrepreneurs who operate a startup business are encouraged to

furthermore enhance their marketing skills by working on a real project and facing real-

world challenges. Such as learning how to track and analyze their business

performance, which are crucial for monitoring their business success. These

experiences can provide students with opportunities to collaborate with other aspiring

business owner students or even professional entrepreneurs to develop their leadership

skills, and overcome real-world challenges.

3. Students can improve time management and decision-making skills by

prioritizing tasks, creating lists, and being organized using tools. Avoid multitasking and

focus on completing one task at a time to increase productivity. Seeking help from a

mentor or coach can be beneficial for guidance and support.

REFERENCES

Achrol, R. S., & Kotler, P. (1999). Marketing in the network economy.

Journal of marketing, 63(4_suppl1), 146-163.
Retrieve from: https://doi.org/10.1177/00222429990634s114
Agaton, C. B., Guno, C. S., Villanueva, R. O., & Villanueva, R. O. (2020).
Economic analysis of waste-to-energy investment in the Philippines: A
real options approach. Applied Energy, 275, 115265.
Retrieve from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115265
Anh, D. B. H., & Tien, N. H. (2021). Using Hoffer matrix in strategic business
analysis for Nguyen Hoang Group in Vietnam.
International journal multidisciplinary research and growth
evaluation, 2(4), 61-66.
Retrieve from:
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nguyen-Tien-32/publication/352786571_Using_Ho
ffer_matrix_in_strategic_business_analysis_for_Nguyen_Hoang_Group_in_Vietnam/
links/60d9904292851ca9448ffd3b/Using-Hoffer-matrix-in-strategic-business-analysis-
for-Nguyen-Hoang-Group-in-Vietnam.pdf
Buccieri, D., Javalgi, R. G., & Cavusgil, E. (2020). International new venture
performance: Role of international entrepreneurial culture, ambidextrous
 innovation, and dynamic marketing capabilities. International Business
Review, 29(2), 101639.
Retrive from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2019.101639
CAMBA, A. L. (2020). Estimating the nature of relationship of
entrepreneurship and business confidence on youth unemployment in
the Philippines. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and
Business, 7(8), 533-542.
Retrieve from:
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Aileen-Camba/publication/343996155_Estimating_
the_Nature_of_Relationship_of_Entrepreneurship_and_Business_Confidence_on_Yout
h_Unemployment_in_the_Philippines/links/5f9a1b09a6fdccfd7b87ee85/Estimating-the-
Nature-of-Relationship-of-Entrepreneurship-and-Business-Confidence-on-Youth-
Unemployment-in-the-Philippines.pdf
Cannon, J. P., & Perreault Jr, W. D. (1999). Buyer–seller relationships in
business markets. Journal of marketing research, 36(4), 439-460.
Retrieve from: https://doi.org/10.1177/002224379903600404
Cartwright, S., Liu, H., & Raddats, C. (2021). Strategic use of social media within
business-to-business (B2B) marketing: A systematic literature review.
Industrial Marketing Management, 97, 35-58.
Retrieve from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2021.06.005
Dewi, R., Verina, W., & Akbar, M. B. (2021). Graphic design training using
photoshop software as a business opportunity. JUDIMAS, 2(1), 53-62.
Retrieve from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2021.06.005
Di Gregorio, A., Maggioni, I., Mauri, C., & Mazzucchelli, A. (2019). Employability
skills for future marketing professionals. European management
journal, 37(3), 251-258.
Retrieve from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2019.03.004
Eder, J., Panagos, E., Pozewaunig, H., & Rabinovich, M. (1999).
Time management in workflow systems. In BIS’99: 3rd International
Conference on Business Information Systems, Poznan, Poland 14–16
April 1999 (pp. 265-280). Springer London.
Retrieve from: https://books.google.com.ph/books?
hl=en&lr=&id=uWfgBwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA3&dq=info:3Aa_-
GJZ5GoJ:scholar.google.com/&ots=iCzhzrnEtq&sig=zGheQDgCHGGjpdX-
bEf6xzK3N9A&redir_esc=y

Franceschelli, M. V., Santoro, G., & Candelo, E. (2018). Business model

innovation for sustainability: a food start-up case study. British Food
Journal.
 Retrieve: https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/BFJ-01-2018-
0049/full/html
Gepner, P., Tien, N. H., Dao, M. T. H., & Minh, D. T. (2022). Analysis of business
strategy of leading Vietnamese real estate developers using SWOT
matrix. International journal of multidisciplinary research and growth
evaluation, 3(1), 181-187.
Retrieve from:
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nguyen-Tien-32/publication/358021973_Analysis_
of_business_strategy_of_leading_Vietnamese_real_estate_developers_using_SWOT_
matrix/links/
63031fe8ceb9764f7214b86b/Analysis-of-business-strategy-of-leading-Vietnamese-real-
estate-developers-using-SWOT-matrix.pdf
Key, T. M., Czaplewski, A. J., & Ferguson, J. M. (2019). Preparing
workplace-ready students with digital marketing skills. Marketing
Education Review, 29(2), 131-135.
Retrieve from: https://doi.org/10.1080/10528008.2019.1610331
Lai, C., Dentoni, D., Chan, C., & Neyra, E. M. (2017). Adapting the
measurement of youth entrepreneurship potential in a marginalized
context: the case of Mindanao Philippines. Journal for International
Business and Entrepreneurship Development, 10(3), 273-297.
Retrieve from: https://doi.org/10.1504/JIBED.2017.085509
Looi, K. H. (2018). Self-direction as potential predictor of undergraduates'
entrepreneurial intentions. Journal for International Business and
Entrepreneurship Development, 11(3), 243-263.
Retrieve from: https://doi.org/10.1504/JIBED.2018.095179
Lukeš, M., Longo, M. C., & Zouhar, J. (2019). Do business incubators really
enhance entrepreneurial growth? Evidence from a large sample of
innovative Italian start-ups. Technovation, 82, 25-34.
Retrieve from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2018.07.008
McCorkle, D. E., Alexander, J. F., Reardon, J., & Kling, N. D. (2003).
Developing self-marketing skills: Are marketing students prepared for the
job search?. Journal of Marketing Education, 25(3), 196-207.
Retrieve from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0273475303257517
Pulizzi, J. (2015). Content Inc. McGraw-Hill Education.
Retrieve from:
https://questionnaire.app.co.id/portal.nsf/95c9ea9e0efa336047258130002c66eb/
ba770aced60895ad47257f9500172432/$FILE/Content_Inc.online.pdf
Roxas, B., Ashill, N., & Chadee, D. (2017). Effects of
entrepreneurial
 and environmental sustainability orientations on firm performance: A
study of small businesses in the Philippines. Journal of Small Business
Management, 55, 163-178.
Retrieve from: https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12259
Rudeloff, C., Pakura, S., Eggers, F., & Niemand, T. (2022). It takes two to tango:
the interplay between decision logics, communication strategies and
social media engagement in start-ups. Review of Managerial
Science, 16(3), 681-712.
Retrieve from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11846-021-00464-x
Sabel, C. (2019). Moebius-strip organizations and open labor markets: some
consequences of the reintegration of conception and execution in a
volatile economy. In Social theory for a changing society (pp. 23-61).
Routledge.
Retrieve from:
https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429306440-2/moebius-strip-
organizations-open-labor-markets-consequences-reintegration-conception-execution-
volatile-economy-charles-sabel
Szabo, S., & Webster, J. (2021). Perceived greenwashing: the effects of green
marketing on environmental and product perceptions. Journal of
Business Ethics, 171, 719-739.
Retrieve from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10551-020-
04461-0
Tolentino, L. R., Sedoglavich, V., Lu, V. N., Garcia, P. R. J. M., & Restubog, S. L.
D. (2014). The role of career adaptability in predicting entrepreneurial
intentions: A moderated mediation model. Journal of Vocational
Behavior, 85(3), 403-412.
Retrieve from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.09.002
Tripathi, N., Seppänen, P., Boominathan, G., Oivo, M., & Liukkunen, K. (2019).
Insights into startup ecosystems through exploration of multi-vocal
literature. Information and Software Technology, 105, 56-77.
Retrieve from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2018.08.005
Woiceshyn, J. (2011). A model for ethical decision making in business:
Reasoning, intuition, and rational moral principles. Journal of
business Ethics, 104, 311-323.
Retrieve from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10551-011-0910-1
Zahay, D., Pollitte, W. A., Reavey, B., & Alvarado, A. (2022). An integrated \
model of digital marketing curriculum design. Marketing Education
 Review, 32(3), 205- 223.
Retrieve from: https://doi.org/10.1080/10528008.2021.1947856

APPENDICES
 A. GANTT CHART OF ACTIVITIES

Feb Mar Ap May Jun

ACTIVITIES r
Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan
1.Submission of Proposed Title

2. Title Defense

3. Search for Related Literature

and Studies
4. Writing Chapters 1 – 2

5. Checking and Revising

Chapters 1 – 2

6. Preparation & Validation of

Questionnaire -Checklist

8. Permission to Conduct the

Study
9. Administration of
Questionnaire -Checklist
10. Retrieval of Questionnaire
Checklist

11. Tallying, Tabulating &

Analyzing of the Questionnaire
Checklist

12. Writing of Chapters 3-5

13. Checking and Revising of

Chapters 3-4
14. Final Oral Defense through
Video Presentation
15. Revision of Chapters 1 – 4

16. Submission of Manuscript

B. LETTER OF PERMISSION TO CONDUCT THE STUDY

C. CERTIFICATE OF CONTENT VALIDATION

D.QUESTIONNAIRE CHECKLIST
 Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region IV-A CALABARZON
Division of Rizal
VICENTE MADRIGAL INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Binangonan, Rizal
_______________________________________________________________
Letter to the respondents
Date:
Dear Respondent,

We would like to inform you that we as Grade 12 students of VMIS are

currently preparing for the conduct of our research entitled “START-UP BUSINESS:
IMPROVING MARKETING SKILLS OF STUDENT ENTREPRENEURS” as partial
requirement for the subject Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion.

In this regard, may we request some of your time and share with us your
knowledge as a potential respondent to give data that we need for our study. We would
appreciate your cooperation and all the personal information about you as a respondent
will be confidential and be under the protection of the Republic act 10173 or “The Data
Privacy act of 2012”

Truly yours,

Sambeli, Katrina Akisha

Alegre, Marielle
Villanueva, Sharmaine
Tamayo, Phoebe Shane
Villariña, Ayesha Sofia
Sinadjan, Rexon
Velasco, Sahnie
Balangue, Marcelo
Maycacayan, Nomer
Avecilla, Ishi Mae
Mechilina, Cristina Marie

Startup-Business: Improving Marketing Skills of Student Entrepreneurs

Questionnaire Checklist

Part I. Profile of the Respondents

Direction: Check your answer on the choices below.

Name(optional): _____________
What is your sex?
 Male
 Female
What is your strand?
 ABM
 HUMMS
 HE
 EIM
 ICT

Part II. Common Start-up Business

Direction: Check the common startup business you are operating. Then check the
products that you sell. (Choose all that may apply)

What is the nature of your business?

 Online selling

 Brand new clothes

 Ukay-ukay
 Desserts
 Shoes
 Bags
 Accessories
 Others(specify): _______________

 Food vending

 Graham balls
 Rice meals
 Pastillias
 Other(specify): _________________

 Others(specify): _____________

 List down the products you sell in this type of business: ________
_______
Part III. Marketing Skills

Direction: Choose the rate you would give to these statements based on your
agreement using the scale below.

4-Strongly agree 3-Agree 2-Disagree 1-Strong

Seller’s knowledge about the customers

4 3 2 1

I know my loyal customers personally.

I make sure my products are based on my customer’s preferences.

If they do not like something about my product or services, I immediately

improve it to avoid disappointment from them.

I sell products based on what is trending.

I make sure that my products are budget friendly or give discounts for
my customers.

Social Media Managing 4 3 2 1

Create a Facebook Page for the business.

I use Facebook Reels, TikTok and/or other social media platforms to

promote my products.

I promote my products using what’s trending today, trendy hashtags to

catch the people’s attention.

I pay for promotions online to boost my views, likes, and followers.

I put my account on a professional account so I could monitor my growth

in engagements and promotions.
Graphic Designing 4 3 2 1

I consider using editing applications to create a unique menu/visual of my

products.

I find it useful to gather ideas for designs online to use in my business

menu or visuals.

I find it useful to make a creative menu using editing applications to show

a variety of products my business can offer.

I typically advertise my business through the use of trendy styles of

visuals to attract customers.

I consider it beneficial to my business to make a good first impression on

clients through the layout of social media, menus, visuals of my products
I post on social media to get positive feedbacks.

Decision Making 4 3 2 1

Every decision I make creates a great impact for my business.

When my business faces financial problem, I know what decisions to

make in order to solve it.

I am quick to decide what to sell to my customers on a daily basis.

I flex my abilities and use innovation to advance my business.

I make sure that my decisions will make my production easy and

convenient.

Time management 4 3 2 1

I manage my time accordingly.

I plan ahead of time before starting my business every day.

I use goal setting to determine my most important activity.

I work on the highest priority tasks throughout the day.

I like to work my way into the difficult or boring task by doing the easier
ones first.

Adaptability 4 3 2 1

I can easily adjust my working style if it is needed.

I am flexible to changing tone, languages and styles for different

situations of my business.

I can handle work under pressure.

I am flexible to take on new roles and responsibilities at short notice.

I stay motivated even though there's a lot of work.