Phasor Data Applications

Professor Robin MacLaren

April 1st 2011

Copyright © 2011 Psymetrix Limited 1

Global Activities
Focus on real Business Benefits

2006 Iceland: PSS tuning,

Generator commissioning

2010 Mexico: Stability of

international interconnection

1995 Scottish Power: first

installation, constraint relief

2007 UK consortium: 2009 Energinet.dk: WAMS / EMS

Renewable connection integration (4800 phasors)

2000 Powerlink: Synchronising

Queensland / New South Wales &
2009 Colombia: Frequency constraint relief
stability, governor tuning

2010 South Africa: WAMS

Stability, Situational
Awareness

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 The PhasorPoint Framework

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PhasorPoint System and Applications Framework

Basic Applications Advanced Applications

Voltage, Phase Angle and Frequency Islanding, Resynchronisation and Blackstart

Active/Reactive Power and Symmetrical Components Oscillatory Stability

Disturbances Voltage Stability

Line Parameters and Thermal Rating
Generator Modelling and Test
Angle Constraint Active Management

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High Availability for Secure Environments

 High Availability & Redundancy (Active-Active configuration)

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 Application Examples

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 Australia

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 Australia

 Control-room monitoring & alarming Area 2

 Oscillation constraint relief

Area 1 Available
 Avoiding system separation Transfer
Capacity (MW)
 Commissioning
(e.g. QNI & other interconnectors) Thermal Limit

True Damping Limit

Separation avoided, 10 April 2004 Transient, Vstab

Model Damping Limit
-140
Raw Data
Power (MW)

-160 Model Damping Limit

-180 with Margin
-200
-220 Capacity available
11:14:50 11:15:10 11:15:30 11:15:50 11:16:10 11:16:30 provided measured
40 damping acceptable
Decay Time (sec)
0.6Hz Mode

30 1% damping

20
3% damping
10

0
11:14:50 11:15:10 11:15:30 11:15:50 11:16:10 11:16:30
Time

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 Iceland

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 Landsnet, Iceland

 Oscillations & PSS Tuning

 Governor stability
 Disturbance analysis
 Islanding & Resynchronisation
 In progress - Wide Area Defense

 Before PSS tuning

0.8Hz Mode
 After PSS tuning

Mode Amplitude
(MW)

Mode Decay Time Constant (sec)

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 Oscillation Source Location

Mode Power Path Coherent phase

Regional View oscillations
 Identify contributions from regions Opposing phase
oscillations

 Uses only PMU data

Oscillation
Power Path
 All region boundaries monitored

 “Regions” can be any size

1 2 3
Select regional Identify local Action
contribution contribution guidelines

Auto-
Report

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 Denmark

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Energinet.dk, Denmark
 Leading utility in sustainable supplies
 High penetration wind power (20% energy now, 50% by 2025) + CHP
 Predictability / controllability, frequency stability and voltage issues
 Connection to N.Germany increasingly wind-dependent
 Exposure to external disturbances – capability to run 60kV islands

 WAMS system characteristics

 Large WAMS system (4800 phasors) in place and operational
 Local and European system visibility
 Asynchronous systems – Scandinavia and Central Europe
 Transmission and distribution PMUs
 Oscillatory Stability and Mode Power Path

MyViews flexible charting Asynchronous systems 2-Tier Hierarchy

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Europe

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CORESO / ULB, Belgium/France

 PhasorPoint Open Interface

 Access to historic data making use of WAMS configuration
 Optimised for time-series data
 Standard access for reporting & analysis, e.g. Excel, Matlab, R, NumPy, etc.

Other interfaces Include

• Web services (e.g. ALSTOM EMS)

EXAMPLE QUERY:
SELECT * FROM pmu_1_10 WHERE ts >= '2010-07-21 00:00:00' AND ts < '2010-07-21 01:00:00'

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 South Africa

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Eskom, South Africa
 Pilot project complete, next stage 99 PMU system Local Modes (various)
 Key features
 Flexible user configurable displays (e.g. wallboard)
 Flexible alarms (level, ROC, composite) & notification (via EMS) GROOTVLEI

Leander

 Oscillatory stability Drakensburg

PEGASUS

 Disturbance capture & analysis

 High availability Droerivier
MULDERSVLE
I

Exploring new application areas e.g.

Bacchus


 Constraining by angle
 Bush fire alerts
0.05Hz Common Mode 0.3Hz SAPP Mode 0.7Hz Interarea Mode

GROOTVLEI
GROOTVLEI GROOTVLEI
Leander
Leander
PEGASUS Leander
PEGASUS
Drakensburg PEGASUS
Drakensburg
Drakensburg

Droerivier Droerivier
MULDERSVLE MULDERSVLE Droerivier
I Bacchus I Bacchus MULDERSVLE
I Bacchus

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High Availability for Secure Environments

 High Availability & Redundancy (Active-Active configuration)

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 Colombia

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 XM, Colombia
WAMS FOR DIAGNOSIS
 Identifying & resolving frequency instability & OPERATIONAL MONITORING
 Governor testing & tuning
 Islanding, Resynchronisation & Blackstart
 Control room warning/response
 Project partners for S. America
 Planned
 Generator Modelling & Test tools
 Wide Area Defence Scheme

61Hz
System
Frequency
60Hz

Cycle 15 sec
59Hz
22 Minutes
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 0.06Hz Behaviour Characterisation & Testing
Characteristic behaviour pattern

Governor mode:
whole system
oscillates in
coherent phase

Governor controller tests:

Sensitivity of mode damping /
amplitude to governor
parameter changes

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 Validating the Governor Change

Confirmed power
output in response
to 0.06Hz
frequency
oscillations as
intended

Larger amplitude, poorer

damping before tuning
6-week system observation
Mode Amplitude

Confirmed damping /
amplitude of 0.06Hz
improved in long-term
system observations
Lower amplitude, better
damping after tuning
Mode Decay Time Constant
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The UK

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GB System

 Transition to high penetration renewables Strategic Reinforcements

 Transmission TRANSMISSION SYSTEM REINFORCEMENTS

 Distribution Dounreay
Thurso

Mybster
REINFORCED NETWORK
Stornoway Cassley
Dunbeath

400kV Substations

 Issues Grudie
Bridge
Mossford
Shin
Lairg

Alness
Brora
THE SHETLAND ISLANDS
275kV Substations
400kV CIRCUITS
275kV CIRCUITS

Major Generating Sites Including Pumped Storage

Conon
Orrin Elgin Fraserburgh
Ardmore
Luichart
Connected at 400kV

Frequency stability
Macduff


St. Fergus

Deanie
Culligran
Dingwall
Nairn
Keith Strichen
Connected at 275kV
Aigas Inverness
Dunvegan Kilmorack Blackhillock
Peterhead Hydro Generation
Beauly
Fasnakyle
Dyce

Glen Kintore Persley

Broadford
Morrison
Woodhill Willowdale
Foyers
Ceannacroc
Fort Augustus
Boat of
Garten Clayhills Under Construction or ready to start

Islanding
Craigiebuckler
Tarland
Construction subject to consents


Redmoss
Invergarry
Quoich

Fiddes

Fort William
Errochty Errochty Power Station
Rannoch
Clunie Bridge of Dun Very strong need case
Tummel Lunanhead
Bridge Tealing
Cashlie
Dudhope Arbroath
Lochay

 Oscillations
Lyndhurst Milton of Craigie

Taynuilt Killin Charleston

Cruachan Dalmally Finlarig Burghmuir Dudhope
Glenagnes Strong need case
Nant St. Fillans
Clachan
SCOTTISH HYDRO-ELECTRIC Cupar

TRANSMISSION
Inveraray
Glenrothes
Sloy Leven

Devonside Westfield
Redhouse
Whistlefield
Future requirement, but no strong
Stirling
Kincardine Glenniston
Port Mossmorran
Dunfermline
Ann Longannet

Modelling
need case to commence


Bonnybridge Iverkeithing
Dunoon Helensburgh Grangemouth Shrubhill Cockenzie
Devol Strathleven Telford Rd. Portobello Dunbar
Spango
Torness
Inverkip
Valley Moor
Erskine
Lambhill
Cumbernauld
Easterhouse
Broxburn Gorgie
Bathgate Whitehouse at present
Livingston Kaimes
Currie
Newarthill
Clydes
Neilston Mill
Hunterston Berwick
Farm
Wishaw
Hunterston
Kilwinning
Busby
Whitelee
Kilmarnock
East
Strathaven

Kilbride
Blacklaw Series Capacitors
Saltcoats Town South Linmill
Eccles
Carradale Meadowhead Galashiels
Kilmarnock
Coalburn
South
Ayr SP TRANSMISSION LTD.

 Distributed control / Smart Grid

Coylton
Elvanfoot Hawick

Maybole

NGC

Gretna Blyth
Dumfries Ecclefechan
Auchencrosh
Fourstones
Newton
Stewart
Tynemouth
Chapelcross Harker South Shields
Stella

 Disturbance recorders as data source

West West Boldon
Glenluce Tongland
Offerton

Hawthorne Pit
Hart Moor
Spennymoor
Hartlepool
Saltholme Tod Point
Grangetown
Norton Greystones

Lackenby

 300 units in SP network Heysham

Hutton

Quernmore
Poppleton Osbaldwick

Thornton
Bradford
Stanah West Kirkstall
Skelton Creyke Beck

Testing
Padiham Monk


Grange
Fryston Saltend North
Saltend South
Penwortham Drax
Elland Killingholme
Eggborough Humber Refinery
Rochdale Ferrybridge
Keadby South
Washway
Kearsley Whitegate Templeborough Thorpe Humber
Farm West
Kirkby Marsh Bank Grimsby
South Melton
Lister Stalybridge West
Wylfa Drive Rainhill
Manchester Stocksbridge Pitsmoor Aldwarke West
Carrington Bredbury Winco Bank Burton
Birkenhead Thurcroft
Neepsend
Fiddlers Daines Sheffield City
Ferry
Jordanthorpe Brinsworth Cottam
Capenhurst Frodsham
Norton Lees
Pentir Macclesfield
Deeside Chesterfield
High
Dinorwig Marnham

Staythorpe
Legacy Cellarhead
Ffestiniog
Bicker
Fenn
Willington
Trawsfynydd Ratcliffe

Drakelow Walpole
Rugeley Spalding
North

Omicron Qualitrol
Norwich
Ironbridge
Bushbury Main
Willenhall Bustleholm
Shrewsbury Penn Hams Enderby

PhasorPoint
Nechells
Hall
Ocker
Hill Coventry
Oldbury
Kitwell Berkswell

+ synchroniser IDM+LSU Bishops

Wood
Feckenham

Patford
Bridge
Grendon Eaton
Socon
Burwell
Main

Bramford
Sizewell

East
Claydon Sundon
Pelham
Wymondley
Leighton Braintree
Rassau Buzzard
Walham
Rye House Waltham
Imperial Brimsdown Cross
Park Cowley
Swansea Watford Elstree Hackney
Pembroke Amersham Main
North
Cilfynydd Culham Tottenham Redbridge Warley Rayleigh Main
Baglan Whitson Minety Mill Hill
Upper Boat Uskmouth Didcot Willesden
Bay
Margam
Iron Acton Barking West Thurrock Coryton
Alpha Steel Iver Ealing Northfleet East
Pyle N.Hyde Singlewell
Seabank City Rd W.Ham Tilbury Grain
Cowbridge St Johns
Tremorfa Laleham Wood New Hurst
Cross Kingsnorth
Aberthaw Cardiff
East West Kemsley
Melksham Bramley Weybridge Chessington Rowdown Littlebrook
Beddington Canterbury
Fleet Wimbledon North

Hinkley Point
Sellindge
Bridgwater

Alverdiscott
Bolney

Taunton Nursling E de F
Ninfield
Dungeness
Marchwood Lovedean
Axminster
Mannington Fawley Botley Wood
Exeter

Chickerell

Langage Abham
Landulph
Indian
Queens
ISSUE B 12-02-09 41/177619 C Collins Bartholomew Ltd 1999

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 What Next?

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Summary
Our experience:-

• Widening deployment of Phasor Measurement Systems

throughout the world

• Measurable Business Benefits, Measurable Customer Benefits

delivered.

• Operational Environment
• Operator Assistance
• Real Time Measurement
• Real Time Control Applications
• Manual Intervention
• Automatic – In the next year
• Design Environment
• Analysis Improvement and Validation
• Historical Records and Post Event Analysis

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Robin MacLaren
[email protected]
+44 131 510 0704
www.psymetrix.com
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