Simulation Design and Research of Superheterodyne AM Receiver Based On Multisim
Simulation Design and Research of Superheterodyne AM Receiver Based On Multisim
Volume 9, Issue 2, February 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Simulation Design and Research of
Superheterodyne AM Receiver based on Multisim
Siqi Zhang
Department of Communication Engineering
Shandong University of Technology
Zibo, China
Abstract:- Information, as a resource, can only promote The radio wave is first received by the receiving
people's communication and cooperation through antenna, then input to the high frequency small signal
extensive dissemination and exchange. The amplifier circuit. On the back end of the high frequency
dissemination and exchange of information rely on small signal amplifier circuit is a selective network, which
communication systems, and receiving equipment is a allows the amplified signal to meet the frequency
part of the communication system. A superheterodyne requirements of the subsequent circuit. After the signal is
AM receiver consists of six modules: high-frequency amplified, it can be processed and directly input to the
small signal amplifier, local oscillator, mixer, mixer. The local oscillator of the superheterodyne receiver
intermediate frequency amplifier, envelope detector, and can generate a heterodyne signal. The frequency of the
low-frequency amplifier. This article uses Multisim heterodyne signal should always differ from the received
software to conduct the simulation research of the signal frequency by a fixed frequency, which is called the
system, which can help us better understand and master intermediate frequency[3]. Since the carrier frequency after
the principles and components of each module of the AM frequency conversion is fixed, the resonance circuit of the
receiver circuit. intermediate frequency amplifier does not need to be
adjusted all the time. No matter how the signal frequency
Keywords:- Multisim Simulation, Superheterodyne Receiver, changes, the intermediate frequency is always constant, and
Communication Electronic Circuit. the selectivity is easy to do well[4]. This is also the advantage
of the superheterodyne receiver. The intermediate frequency
I. INTRODUCTION signal obtained by the frequency conversion is amplified by
the intermediate frequency amplifier. It can be input into the
The Superheterodyne AM receiver is mainly composed detection circuit for detection, and the original sound signal
of a high frequency small signal amplifier circuit, mixing can be obtained. However, the intensity of this signal is not
circuit, local oscillator, intermediate frequency large enough, and then the whole signal is processed by the
amplifier,detection circuit,and low frequency amplification low frequency amplifier. Finally, the speaker is driven by
circuit as shown in the overall system block diagram in Fig. the electrical signal.
1[2].
II. INTRODUCTION TO MULTISIM
SIMULATION SOFTWARE
Multisim is a Windows-based simulation tool launched
by National Instruments Corporation in the United States. It
is suitable for the design of board-level analog/digital circuit
boards, and it includes graphical input of circuit schematics,
hardware description language input, which rich simulation
analysis capabilities[1].
III. THE DESIGN AND SIMULATION ANALYSIS
OF THE SYSTEM MODULES
A. High Frequency Small Signal Amplification Module
This simulation takes a common AM modulation
signal with an amplitude of 37mV, a carrier frequency of
1MHz, and a baseband frequency of 1KHz as an example.
The high-frequency small signal amplification circuit is used
to amplify the received high-frequency weak signals. Fig.
2(a) shows a typical single-pole single-tuned amplification
circuit, which consists of a parallel resonant network with
Fig 1 Super Heterodyne AM Receiver System
𝐶1 = 25𝑃𝐹, 𝐿1 = 1𝑚𝐻, 𝑅2 = 3.5𝐾Ω resonating at a
Block Diagram AM
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Volume 9, Issue 2, February 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
frequency of 1MHz. This network acts as a selective frequency 𝑓0𝑚𝑖𝑛 =952.8kHz, which is less than 1MHz, and
filtering for the signal, and the amplified signal is output to the maximum oscillation frequency can exceed 2.07MHz.
the next stage through a coupling capacitor. In Fig. 2(b), Adjust and test the parameters of each component to ensure
channel A shows the input waveform and channel B shows the signal frequency reaches between 1MHz and 2.07MHz.
the output waveform. It can be observed from the simulation The value of 𝐶9 should be in the range of 10.6%-89.55% of
graph that this circuit has achieved amplification. 𝐶9𝑚𝑎𝑥 .
(a)High-Frequency Small Signal Amplification (a) Local Oscillation Simulation Circuit Diagram
Simulation Circuit
Since the simulation carrier frequency is 1MHz, the
resonance frequency of the local oscillator network should
be set to 1465KHz. Calculations indicate 𝐶9 should be set to
142pF, making the variable capacitance indicator 34.6%.
Conduct simulation experiments, and Fig. 3(b) shows the
simulated waveform output.
(b) Waveform Diagram of High-Frequency Small Signal
Amplification Circuit
Fig 2 High-Frequency Small-Signal Amplification
Simulation Circuit and Waveform Diagram
B. Local Oscillator Module (b) Output Waveform Diagram of Local Oscillation Circuit
The parallel improved capacitor three-terminal Fig 3 Local Oscillation Simulation Circuit and
oscillator, also known as the schiller circuit, with its Output Waveform
simulation circuit shown in Fig. 3(a), is designed for a
general carrier frequency range of 535—1605kHz[3], and an C. Frequency Mixer Module
intermediate frequency of 465kHz. Therefore, the signal The balanced mixer can adopt a diode ring mixer,
frequency produced by the local oscillator should be in the whose main advantage is that the output intermediate
range of 1MHz—2.07MHz. Let 𝐶8 = 𝐶5 = 1𝑛F，𝐶6 = frequency signal is twice that of a balanced mixer, and it
55𝑝𝐹，𝐿2 = 60μH and 𝐶9 be the adjustable capacitor with a cancels out certain combination frequency components in
maximum value of 410pF.Thus,the total capacitance value the output current, thereby reducing the combination
𝐶 ≈ 𝐶6 + 𝐶9 yields the minimum oscillation
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Volume 9, Issue 2, February 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
frequency interference inherent in the mixer. The simulation 110𝑛F, and consider it as a short circuit for high frequency.
circuit diagram is shown in Fig. 4(a). The local oscillator The selected diode has a very small forward resistance
voltage is added from the center tap of the input and output 𝑅𝑑 ≪ 𝑅, so the charging time constant is small, making the
transformers. In the positive half cycle of the local oscillator charging process very fast. The discharge time constant
voltage, diodes 𝐷1 and 𝐷3 conduct, while 𝐷2 and 𝐷4 cut off. 𝑅1 𝐶1 is relatively large, making the discharge process very
In the negative half cycle of the local oscillator voltage, slow. In addition, given 𝑚a =0.8, to avoid negative peak
diodes 𝐷2 and 𝐷4 conduct while𝐷1 and𝐷3 are cut-off. In the distortion, take 𝑅21 = 15𝐾Ω, 𝑅19 = 0.7𝑘Ω . In Fig. 5(b),
end, we obtain terms such as 𝜔0 ± 𝜔𝑠 、 3𝜔0 ± 𝜔𝑠 、 Channel A is the intermediate frequency amplification
output waveform, and Channel B is the output waveform
and 5𝜔0 + 𝜔𝑠 ,What we need is 𝜔0 − 𝜔𝑠 , and the other
after detection. From the output, it can be seen that this
frequency terms will be suppressed. For this design, 4
detection circuit completely detects the envelope of the AM
1N1199C diodes and 2 transformers are used, with the turns
modulated signal.
ratio of 𝑇1 and 𝑇2 being 0.1 and 2, respectively. The output
waveform of the mixing circuit is shown in Fig. 4(b).
(a) Simulation Circuit Diagram of Envelope Detection
(a) Mixer Simulation Circuit Diagram
(b) Envelope Detection Output Waveform Diagram
Fig. 5 Envelope Detection Simulation Circuit and Input-
Output Waveform Diagram
(b) Output Waveform Diagram of Mixing Circuit IV. CONCLUSION
Fig 4 Mixer Simulation Circuit and Output Waveform
This article presents the working process of the
D. Envelope Detection Module superheterodyne AM receiver system and the simulated
Amplitude demodulation is the reverse process of circuit diagrams of some modules. The working process can
amplitude modulation, usually referred to as detection. Its be summarized as follows: the antenna receives weak high-
function is to recover the original modulated signal from the frequency signals, which are then amplified by the high-
modulated high-frequency oscillation. In this design, a frequency small-signal amplifier. The signal is then mixed
series-connected diode envelope detection circuit is used, with the local oscillator frequency𝑓0 by the mixer to obtain
and its circuit schematic is shown in Fig. 5(a). Let 𝐶12 = the sum and difference of these two frequencies[6]. The
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Volume 9, Issue 2, February 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
intermediate frequency signal of 𝑓𝑖 = 465k𝐻𝑧 is selected
from it through the detector, and the restored signal is
obtained by detector detection. Finally, the signal is
amplified by the low-frequency amplifier, converted into
audio signals by the speaker. The core modules in the article
are the high-frequency resonant small-signal amplification
circuit, parallel-type improved capacitance three-point
oscillation circuit, diode double-balanced mixing circuit,
and envelope detection module. The circuit is simulated and
analyzed using Multisim, which is intuitive and easy to
understand.
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