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Maths 2B Narayana Study Material

Corporate law (Vidhyashram International School)

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LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (7 Marks)

CIRCLES
***1). Find the equation of the circle passing through the points (5,7 ), (8,1 ), (1,3 ) (June-10)
Ans. Let x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 -----(1) be the required equation of circle. (1M)
Given points (5,7), (8,1), (1,3)
Equation (1) passing through (5,7)
 25+49+10g+14f+c = 0  10g+14f+c+74 = 0---(2) (1M)
Equation (1) is passing through ( 8 , 1 )
 64+1+16g+2f+c = 0  16g+2f+c+65 = 0 -----(3) (1M)
Equation (1) is passing through (1,3) is
 1+9+2g+6f+c = 0  2g+6f+c+10 = 0----------(4) (1M)
(3)-(2)  6g-12f-9 = 0  2g-4f-3 = 0-----------------(5)
(3)-(4)  14g-4f+55 = 0 -------------(6)
solve equation (5) & (6)
g f 1
-4 -3 2 -4
-4 55 14 -4
g f 1 g f 1
     
220 12 42  110 8  56 232 152 48
232 152 29 19
g ;f  g ;f  (2M)
48 48 6 6
Put the values of g, f in equation -----(4)
 29   19  29 57 30 29  57  30 56
2   6   c  10  0    c 0  c   c
 6   6  3 3 3 3 3

2 2  29   19  56
Put the values of g, f, c in equation (1)  x  y  2   x  2 y 0
 6   6  3

 3  x  y   29 x  19 y  56  0 .
2 2
(1M)
***2. Find the value of “c” if the points (2,0) (0,1) (4,5) and ( 0,c) are concyclic.(Mar07,May07)
Ans Let x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0    (1) be the required equation of the circle. (1M)
Given points are (2,0) (0,1), (4,5) and (0,c)
Equation (1) is passing through (2,0)
 4+0+4g+0+c = 0  4g+c+4 = 0----- (2) (1M)
Equation (1) is passing through (0,1)
 0+1+0+2f+c = 0  2f+c+1 = 0 -----------(3) (1M)
Equation (1) is passing through (4,5)
 16+25+8g+10f+c = 0  8g+10f+c+41 = 0 ---------(4) (1M)
(4)-(3)  8g+8f+40 = 0  g+f+5 = 0 -------------(5)
(2)-(3)  4g-2f+3 = 0---------- (6)
 Solve equation (5) & (6)
g f 1
1 5 1 1
-2 3 4 -2

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g f 1 g f 1 13 17
      g f 
3  10 20  3 2  4 13 17 6 6 6
Put the values of g,f in equation (3)
 17  17 14
2  1 c  0 c 1 c (2M)
 6  3 3
Put the values of g, f, c in equation (1)
 13   17  14
x2  y2  2   x  2 y 0  3  x 2  y 2   13 x  17 y  14  0
 6   6  3
 This passing through (0,c)
3  0  c 2   13  0   17c  14  0  3c 2  17 c  14  0   3c  14  c  1  0 (1M)
14
 c=14/3 or c = 1 c only and c  1
3
***3. Find the equation of a circle which passes through (2,-3) and (-4, 5) and having the
centre on 4x+3y+1=0 (J-05) (May-06)
Ans. Let x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0    (1) be the required equation of circle. (1M)
Given points (2,-3) and (-4,5)
Centre c(-g,-f) is lies on the line 4x + 3y +1 = 0 is
 4(-g)+3(-f)+1 = 0  4g+3f-1 = 0 -------------------(2) (1M)
Equation (1) is passing through (2,-3)
 4+9+4g-6f+c = 0  4 g  6 f  c  13  0    (3) (1M)
Equation (1) is passing through (-4,5)
 16+25-8g+10f+c = 0  -8g+10f+c+41 = 0------(4)
(3)-(4)  12g-16f-28 = 0  3g-4f-7 = 0 ----------(5)
Solve equation (2) and (5)
g f 1
3 -1 4 3
-4 -7 3 -4
g f 1
  
21  4 3  28 16  9
g f 1 25 25
   g :f   g = 1 ; f = -1 (2M)
25 25 25 25 25
Put the values of g, f in equation (3)
4(1)-6(-1)+c+13 = 0  4+6+13+c = 0  c = -23
Put the values of g,f,c in equation (1), we get
x 2  y 2  2 x  2 y  23  0 (2M)
***4. Find the equation of a circle which passes through the points (4, 1), (6, 5) and having
centre on 4 x  3 y  24  0 . (Mar-08,12,14)
Ans Let x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0    (1) be the required equation of circle. (1M)
Given points (4,1), (6,5) and line L  4 x  3 y  24  0
Centre of the circle (-g,-f) is lies on the line 4x+3y-24 = 0
 4g+3f+24 = 0---------(2) (1M)

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Eqution (1) is passing through (4,1) is

 16+1+8g+2f+c = 0  8g+2f+c+17 = 0----------(3) (1M)
Equation (1) is passing through (6,5)
 36+25+12g+10f+c = 0  12g+10f+c+61 = 0-------(4) (1M)
(4)-(3)  4g+8f+44 = 0  g+2f+11 = 0-------------(5) (1M)
solve the equation (2) and (5)
g f 1
3 24 4 3
2 11 1 2
g f 1 g f 1
       g = - 3, f = -4
33  48 24  44 8  3 15 20 5
Put the values of g, f in (3)
 8(-3)+2(-4)+c+17 = 0  32  17  c  0  c = 15
Put the values of g, f, c in equation (1) , we get
x 2  y 2  6 x  8 y  15  0 (2M)
***5. Find the equation of the circle which passes through (4,1), (6,5) and having centre on
4x+y-16 = 0
Ans. Let x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0   (1) be the required equation of circle. (1M)
Given points (4,1), (6,5) and line 4x+y-16 = 0
Centre of equation (1) is (-g,-f) lies on the line 4x+y-16 = 0
 4g+f+16 = 0-------(2) (1M)
Equation (1) is passing through (4,1) is
 16+1+8g+2f+c  8g+2f+c+17 = 0 ---(3) (1M)
Equation (1) passing through (6,5) is
 36+25+12g+10f+c = 0  12g+10f+c+61 = 0--------(4) (1M)
(4)-(3)  4g+8f+44 = 0  g+2f+11 = 0---------(5)
 solve equation (2) and (5) we have
g f 1
1 16 4 1
2 11 1 2
g f 1 g f 1
       g  3, f  4 (2M)
11  32 16  44 8  1 21 28 7
 we substituting the values of g, f in equation (3)
8(-3)+2(-4)+17+c = 0  -24-8+17+c = 0  c = 15 (1M)
 we substituting the values of g, f , c in equation (1)
x 2  y 2  6 x  8 y  15  0
***06. Find the equation of the circle whose center lies on x-axis and passing through
the points (-2,3) and (4,5). (Mar-10, May-09)
Ans. Let S  x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0    (1) be the required equation of circle. (1M)
Given that circle passing through (-2,3) and (4,5)
Centre c   g ,  f  lies on X-axis  f = 0 (1M)
 Centre (-g, 0)
Equation (1) is passing through (-2,3)
 4+9-4g+c = 0  f = 0 (1M)

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 -4g+c+13 = 0---------(2)
Equation (1) is passing through (4,5)
 16+25+8g+c = 0  f = 0
 8g+c+41 = 0 ---------(3)
(3)-(2)  12g+28 = 0  g = -7/3 (2M)
Put the value of g in equation (2)
28  39 67
 -4(-7/3)+c+13 = 0 c 
3 3
Put the values of g, f and c in equation
 7  67
x2  y2  2   x  2 0  y  0  3  x 2  y 2   14 x  67  0 (2M)
 3  3
***7. Show that the circles x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  12  0 and x 2  y 2  6 x  18 y  26  0 touch
each other also find point of contact and common tangent at this point of contact.
(M-02,05,08)(Mar-13)
Ans. Given circles are S  x2  y2  4x  6y 12  0 and S |  x 2  y 2  6 x  18 y  26  0

centres and radii c1 (2,3) , c2   3, 9   c    g,  f  , r  g 2  f 2  c

r1  4  9 12  5 , r2  9  81  26  8

 2  3  3  9 
2 2
 The distance between  x1 , y1  &  x 2 , y 2  is  x2 - x1  +  y 2 - y1 
2 2
 c1c2 

 25  144  13
also r1  r2  5  8  13
 c1c2  r1  r2 (2M)
Given two circles touch each other extranally, the point of contact divides c1c2
in the ratio r1 : r2 internally c1  2,3 , c2  3, 9  r1 : r2 = 5:8

 5  3  2  8  5  9   8  3   r x r x r y r y 
p  x, y    ,   p  x, y    1 2 2 1 , 1 2 2 1 
 58 58   r1  r2 r1  r2 

 1 21 
 ,  (2M)
 13 13 
 1 21 
 Equation of common tangent at p  13 , 13  is (1M)
 
x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  12  x 2  y 2  6 x  18 y  26  0  Equation of common tangent is S  S |  0
 10 x  24 y  38  0
 5 x  12 y  19  0 (2M)

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***8. Show that the circles x 2  y 2  6 x  2 y  1  0 , x 2  y 2  2 x  8 y  13  0 touch each other

Find the point of contact and the equation of common tangent at their point of
contact. (June-06, Mar 09,10,11)
Ans. Given circles are S  x 2  y 2  6 x  2 y  1  0 and S |  x 2  y 2  2 x  8 y  13  0

centres and radii c1 (3,1) , c2  1, 4   c    g,  f  , r  g 2  f 2  c

r1  9 11  3, r2  116 13  2

Distance between two centres is

 3  1  1  4  The distance between  x1 ,y1  &  x2 ,y2  is  x2 - x1  +  y2 - y1 

2 2 2 2
c1c2 

 16  9 = 5
Also r1  r2  3  2  5
 c1c2  r1  r2 (2M)
Given two circles touch each other externally, the point of contact is divides c1c2 in
ratio r1 : r2 internally c1  3,1 c2   1, 4  , r1 : r2  3: 2

 3  6 12  2   r x r x r y r y 
p  x1 , y1    ,   p x, y   1 2 2 1 , 1 2 2 1 
 3 2 3 2   r1  r2 r1  r2 

 3 14 
 , 
5 5 
 3 14 
 equation of common tangent at the point of contact P  5 , 5  is (3M)
 

x 2  y 2  6 x  2 y  1  x 2  y 2  2 x  8 y  13  0  Equation of common tangent is S  S|  0 (1M)

 8 x  6 y  12  0
 4x  3 y  6  0 (1M)

***9. Find the equation of the pair of direct common tangents to the circles
x 2  y 2  22 x  4 y  100  0 and x 2  y 2  22 x  4 y  100  0 (Mar-07)
Ans. Given circles S  x 2  y 2  22 x  4 y  100  0; S |  x 2  y 2  22 x  4 y  100  0

centres and radii are c1  11, 2  , c2 11, 2   c    g,  f  , r  g 2  f 2  c

r1  121  4  100  15 , r2  121 4 100  5

Distance between centres c1 , c2 is

11  11   2  2 
2 2
 The distance between  x1 , y1  &  x 2 , y 2  is  x2 - x1  +  y 2 - y1 
2 2
c1c2 

 484  16  500

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Also r1  r2  15  5  20
 c1c2  r1  r2
External centre of similitude is divides c1c2 in the ratio r1 : r2 externally
c1  11, 2  , c2 11, 2  , r1 : r2 = 15 :5 = 3 :1

 33  11 6  2   r x r x r y r y 
e.c.s  p  x1 , y1    1 2 2 1 , 1 2 2 1 
p  x1 y1    , 
 3 1 3 1   r1  r2 r1  r2 
= ( 22, -4 ) (2M)
Let m be the slope of a common tangent
Equation of the direct common tangent is  y  y1   m  x  x1 

 y  4   m  x  22   mx  y  22m  4  0  (1) (1M)

 equation (1) is tangent to circle s2  0 then r = d
d is perpendicular distance from c2 11, 2  to the line mx-y-22m-4 = 0

 P erpen dicu lar distan ce from  x1 , y1 

11m  2  22m  4 ax 1  b y 1  c
 5 to th e lin e ax  by  c  0 is
m2  1 a 2  b2

 11m  2  5 m2  1
Squaring on bothsides
 121m2  44m  4  25m2  25  96 m 2  44m  21  0  96 m 2  72 m  28m  21  0
 24m  4m  3  7  4m  3  0   24m  7  4m  3  0
7 3
m or m  (2M)
24 4
7 7
Case(i) if m then the equation (1) is  y  4    x  22    y - y 1  = m  x - x1 
24 24
 24y+96=7x-154  7x-24y-250=0 (1M)
3
Case(ii) if m = -3/4 then the equation (1) is  y  4 
 x  22    y - y 1  = m  x - x1 
4
 4y+16 = -3x+66  3x+4y-50 = 0 (1M)
 Equations of direct common tangents are 7x-24y-250 = 0 and 3x+4y-50 = 0

***10. Find the equations of transverse common tangents of the circles x2+y2-4x-10y+28=0;
x2+y2+4x-6y+4=0 (Mar-06, June-05, Mar-14)
Ans. Given equations are S  x 2  y 2  4 x  10 y  28  0 and S |  x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  4  0

 Centres and radii c1  2, 5  , c2  2,3  c    g,  f  , r  g 2  f 2  c

r1  4  25  28 1, r2  4 9  4  3 (1M)

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Distance between two centres c1 , c2 is

 2  2    3  5
2 2
 The distance between  x1 , y1  &  x 2 , y 2  is  x2 - x1  +  y 2 - y1 
2 2
c1c2 

 16  4  20 (1M)
Also r1  r2  1  3  4
 c1c2  r1  r2 (Two circles do not touch each other)

The point of intersection of transverse common tangents is Internal centre of similitude

Internal centre of similitude is divides c1c2 in the radio r1 : r2 internally
c1  2,5 , c2  2,3 , r1 : r2 = 1:3

  2  6 3  15   r x r x r y r y 
p  x, y    ,   i .c.s  p  x, y    1 2 2 1 , 1 2 2 1 
 1 3 1 3   r1  r2 r1  r2 

 9
 p  x , y    1,  (1M)
 2
Let m be the slope of transverse common tangent
 equation of transverse common tangent is  y  y1   m  x  x1 

 9
  y  2   m  x  1  2y-9 = 2mx-2m  2mx-2y-2m+9 = 0 --------(1)
 
(1) is tangent to the circle S  0
d = r
 d is perpendicular distance from c ( 2,5 ) to the line 2mx-2y-m+9 = 0 (2M)

 P erpen dicu lar distan ce from  x1 , y1 

4m  10  2m  9 ax 1  b y 1  c
 1 to th e lin e ax  by  c  0 is
2
4m  4 a 2  b2

  2m  1  4m 2  4
squaring on both sides
1
 4m 2  4 m  1  4m 2  4 1 - 4 = 4 m  4m  3 or m   undefined 
0
3 1
m or m 
4 0
Case-I: if m = -3/4 then the (1) is ( y - 9/2 ) = -3/4 ( x - 1 )
 4y -18 = -3x + 3  3x+4y-21 = 0 (1M)
1  9 1
Case II: If m  then the equation (1) is  y     x  1  0 = x-1  x- 1 = 0
0  2 0
 Equations of transverse common tangents are 3x+4y-21=0 and x -1 = 0 (1M)

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***11. Find the equation of the circle with radius 13 units and touching 2x-3y+1= 0 at (1,1)
Ans. Given that radius of the circle r = 13 and touching line L = 2x-3y+1 = 0 at p  x1 , y1   1,1
Let (h,k) be centre of the circle.
2 2
 slope of the line 2x-3y+1=0 is m1   (1M)
3 3
L=2x-3y+1 = 0 is perpendicular to c1c2
1 3 3
 slope of the line c1c2 is m2  m  2  Tan  0 (1M)
1 2

13
3
 is in second quadrant (
2

2 3
 cos   and sin  
13 13
 Parametric equations of the circle is h  x1  r cos ; k  y1  r sin

 2   3 
h  1  13   ; k  1  13    h  1 (2); k  1 3  h,k  1,4 or  3,2
 13   13 
Centre of circle c1  h, k    1,4 and c2  h, k    3, 2 (2M)

 Equation of the circle  x  h   y  k   r 2

2 2
(1M)

 13   13 
2 2
  x  1   y  4     x  3   y  2  
2 2 2
and

 x2  y2  2x  8 y  4  0  x2  y 2  6 x  4 y  0 (2M)
***12. Find an equation to the pair of tangents drawn from p( x1 , y1 ) to the circle
S  x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 is S12  SS11 (Mar-03)
Ans: Given equation of circle is x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 (1M)
and given point is p  x1 , y1 

Let Q  x2 , y2  be a any point on the tangent to the circle S = 0 (1M)

 Equation of chord to the circle at p  x1 , y 1 

s1  xx1  yy1  g  x  x1   f  y  y1   c  0 (2M)
 chord of contact divides the line joining the points P and Q in ratio
PA  S11 S11 S11
   (2M)
AQ S12 S 22 S 22
 squaring on both sides

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2
S S
 S11  S12   S11 S 22   S12   S11 S 22
2 2 2
 11  112
S 22 s12  
 Locus of the point Q  x2 , y2  is S12  S11S (1M)
**13. Show that the four points (-6,0) (-2,2 ) (-2,-8) and (1,1) are concylic. (M-05,06)
Ans. Let A 6,0 ; B  2,2 , C  2, 8 and D 1,1 are given points
Let equation of the circle passing through above points is
S  x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0    (1) (1M)
Equation (1) is passing through (-6,0) is
 36+0-12g+0+c = 0  -12g+c+36 = 0-------------(2) (1M)
Equation (1) is passing through (-2,2) is
 4+4-4g+4f+c = 0  -4g+4f+c+8 = 0------------(3) (1M)
Equation (1) is passing through (1,1) is
 1+1+2g+2f+c = 0  2g+2g+c+2 = 0------------(4) (1M)
(4)-(3)  6g-2f-6 = 0  3g-f-3 = 0-------------(5) (1M)
(3)-(2)  8g+4f-28 = 0  2g+f-7 = 0= -----(6)
 We adding equations (5) & (6)
 5g-10 = 0  5g = 10  g = 2
Put the value of g = 2 in equation (5)
 3(2)-f-3 = 0  6-f-3 = 0  3 -f = 0  f = 3
Put the values of g, f in (4)
 2(2)+2(3)+2+c = 0  4+6+2+c = 0  c = -12
Put the values of g = 2, f = 3, c= -12 in equation (1)
 x  y  2  2  x  2  3 y  12  0
2 2
 x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  12  0
Substituting (-2, -8) in the above circle equation
 4+64+4(-2)+6(-8)-12=0  68-8-48-12=0  68-68 = 0 (2M)
 given four points are concyclic.
**14. Find the equations of the circles which touches the x-axis at a distance of 3 units
from the origin and making an intercept of length 6 units on the y-axis.
Ans. Let equation of required circle S  x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0    (1) (1M)

 3, 0 
equation touches the x-axis at A(3,0) is
 9+6g+c = 0  6g+c+9 = 0 (1M)
and g 2  c  circle touches the x-axis

  g  3  0
2
 g 2  6g  9  0  g = -3 (2M)

 c = g2 9
 Length of y-Intercept = 6

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2 f 2 c  6

 f 2  c  3  f 2  9  9  f 2  18  f  3 2 (2M)
 we substituting the values of g, f and c in equation (1)
S  x2  y 2  6 x  6 2 y  9  0 (1M)
**15. If the polar of points on the circle x 2  y 2  c 2 w.r.t x 2  y 2  b 2 touches the circle
x 2  y 2  c 2 then show that a,b,c, are in G.P..
Ans. Given x 2  y 2  a 2 ..........(1) , x2  y2  b2 ...........(2) , x2  y2  c2 ............(3)
Let p( x1 , y1 ) be any point on the circle x 2  y 2  a 2

1
2
3

 x12  y12  a 2 .............(4) (1M)

Equation of polar of p( x1 , y1 ) w.r. to the circle x 2  y 2  b 2 is
S1  xx1  yy1  b 2  0...........(5) (1M)
Equation (5) is tangent to the circle x 2  y 2  c 2
 r=d (1M)
d = perpendicular distance from (0,0) to the line xx1  yy1  b  0 2

 P erpen dicu lar distan ce from  x1 , y1 

x1 0  y1  0  b2
 c ax 1  b y 1  c
to th e lin e ax  by  c  0 is
x12  y12 a 2  b2

b2
  c  b 2  ac (4M)
a2
 a,b,c, are in G.P..
*16. Show that the points 1, 2  ,  3, 4  ,  5, 6  and 19,8 are concyclic and find the
equation of the circle on which they lie.
Ans. Let S  x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0    (1) be the required equation of circle. (1M)
Let A(1,2) B(3,-4) C(5,-6) and D(,8) are given points
Equation (1) is passing through (1,2)
 1+4+2g+4f+c = 0  2g+4f+c+5 = 0 --------(2) (1M)
Equation (1) is passing thorugh (3,-4) is
 9+16+6g-8f+c = 0  6g-8f+c+25 = 0--------(3) (1M)
Equation (1) is passing through (5,-6) is
 25+36+10g-12f+c = 0  10g-12f+c+61 = 0 -------(4) (1M)

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(4)-(3)  4g-4f+36 = 0  g-f+9 = 0 ---------(5)

(3)-(2)  4g-12f+20 = 0  g-3f+5 = 0-------(6)
 solve the equations (5) and (6)
g f 1
-1 9 1 -1
-3 5 1 -3
g f 1 g f 1
      g  11; f  2
5  27 9  5 3  1 22 4 2
Put the values of g,f in equation (2)
 2(-11)+4(-2)+c+5 = 0  -22-8+c+5 = 0  c= 25 (2M)
Put the values of g, f and c in equation (1)
 x 2  y 2  2  11 x  2  2  y  25  0  x 2  y 2  22 x  4 y  25  0
Substituting (19, 8) in the above circle equation
 361+64–22(19)–4(8)+25=0
 –25+25=0 (1M)
 The given four points are concyclic.
*17. Show that the points (9,1), (7,9), (-2,12), (6,10) are concylic and find the equation
of the circle which they lie. (May-08)
Ans. Let A(9,1) B(7,9) C(-2,12) and D(6,10) are given points
Let required circle equation is s  x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0    (1) (1M)
Equation (1) is passing through (9,1) is
 81+1+18g+2f+c = 0  18g+2f+c+82 = 0------(2) (1M)
Equation (1) is passing through (7,9) is
 49+81+14g+18f+c = 0  14g+18f+c+130 = 0 -------(3) (1M)
Equation (1) is passing through (-2,12) is
 4+144-4g+24f+c=0  -4g+24f+c+148= 0 -------(4) (1M)
(3)-(4)  18g-6f-18 = 0  3g-f-3 = 0---------(5)
(2)-(3)  4g-16f-48 = 0  g-4f-12 = 0 --------(6)
 solve equations (5) and (6)
g f 1
-1 -3 3 -1
-4 -12 1 -4
g f 1 g f 1
       g = 0, f = -3 (2M)
12  12 3  36 12  1 0 33  11
 we substituting g, f in equation on (2)
 18(0)+2(-3)+c+82 = 0  -6+c+82 = 0  c = - 76
 substituting the values of g,f,c in equation (1)
x 2  y 2  2(0) x  2  3 y  76  0  x 2  y 2  6 y  76  0
Substituting (6,10) in the above circle equation
 36+100-60-76  136-136 = 0 (1M)
 Given four points are concyclic.

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*18. Find equation and center of the circle passing through the points ( 3,4 ), ( 3,2 ) & (1, 4 )
( May-2012 )
Ans. Take given A ( 3,4) B (3,2) and C ( 1,4 )
Let center of required circle is S ( ,  )
We know that SA  SB  SC  SA2  SB 2  SC 2 (1M)

 Distance between two points  x1 , y1  and  x2 , y2  is  x2  x1    y2  y1 

2 2

   3      4     3      2     4   
2 2 2 2 2 2

  4   12   4  4   4   4  8 (2M)
solve the above equations
center of the circle
S ,    S  2,3 (2M)
the radious of the required cirlce r = SC = 1  1  2

x     y     r2
2 2
equation of required circle is

  x  2    y  3  2
2 2

 x2  y 2  4 x  6 y  11  0 (2M)
*19. Show that four common tangents can be drawn for the circles given by
x 2  y 2  14 x  6 y  33  0 , x 2  y 2  30 x  2 y  1  0 and find the internal and
external centers of similitudes.
Ans. Given equations of circles are S  x 2  y 2  14 x  6 y  33  0 and
S |  x 2  y 2  30 x  2 y  1  0

centres and radii c1  7, 3 , c2  15,1  c    g,  f  , r  g 2  f 2  c

r1  49  9 33  5, r2  225  1  1  15 (2M)

Distance between two centers c1, c2 is

 15  7   1  3
2 2
 The distance between  x1 , y1  &  x 2 , y 2  is  x 2 - x1  +  y 2 - y1 
2 2
c1c2 

 22 
2
  142  484  16  500
Also r1  r2  5  15  20

 c1 c 2  r1  r2 (Two circles do not touch each other) (2M)

The given two circles have four common tangents
 Internal center of similitudes divides c1  7, 3 , c2  15,1 are in the ratio r1 : r2 internally is

 15  21 1  9  r x r x r y r y 
p ,   i .c .s  p  x, y    1 2 2 1 , 1 2 2 1 
 1 3 1 3   r1  r2 r1  r2 

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3 
  , 2  (2M)
2 
External center of similitude divides c1c2 in the radio r1 : r2 externally
c1  7, 3 , c2  15,1 and r1 : r2 = 5:15 = 1:3

 15  21 1 9   r x r x r y r y 
p  ,  e.c.s  p  x1 , y1    1 2 2 1 , 1 2 2 1 
 1 3 13   r1  r2 r1  r2 

 36 10 
 ,   18, 5 (1M)
 2 2 

*20. Find the equation of circle circumscribing the traingle formed by the lines 2x+y = 4,
x+y = 6 and x+2y = 5

Ans. Given 2x+y-4 = 0 -------(1), x+y-6 = 0----------(2), x+2y-5 = 0 --------- (3)

solve the equation (1) and (2)
x y 1
1 -4 2 1
1 -6 1 1
x y 1 x y
    1  x=-2 , y = 8
6  4 4  12 2  1 2 8
point A(-2,8 ) (1M)
solve the equation (2) and (3)
x y 1
1 -6 1 1
2 -5 1 2
x y 1
   x = 7, y = -1
5  12 6  5 2  1
point B (7,-1 ) (1M)
solve the equation (3) and (1)
x y 1
2 -5 1 2
1 -4 2 1
x y 1 x y 1
      x = 1, y = 2
8  5 10  4 1  4 3 6 3
point C (1,2) (1M)
vertices of ABC is A(-2,8), B(7,-1) , C(1,2)
Let centre of the circle S  ,  
SA = SB=SC
SA = SB  SA2  SB 2

   2      8     7      1
2 2 2 2

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 Distance between two points  x1 , y1  and  x 2 , y 2  is  x 2  x1    y 2  y1 

2 2

  2   2  4  16  68   2   2  14  2   50
 18 18 18  0      1  0.............(4) (2M)

   7      1    1     2 
2 2 2 2
SB = SC  SB 2  SC 2
  2   2  14  2  50   2   2  2  4  5  1 2  6   4 5  0
 4  2   15  0 .................(5)
Solving (4) and (5)
  1
-1 1 1 -1
-2 -15 4 -2
  1   1 17 19
       , 
 15  2 4  15 2  4 17 19 2 2 2
 17 19 
Circumcentre  ,     , 
 2 2

2 15 
2 2 2 2 2
 17   19   15   15  15
Radius of circle r  SC   1    2 =      =  (2M)
2  2   2   2  4 2

 Equation of the circle is  x      y     r

2 2 2

19  15 
2 2 2
 17   289 361 225
x   y    x2  y2 17 x 19 y   0
 2  2 2 4 4 2
x 2  y 2  13 x  19 y  50  0
*21. Find the equation of the circle circumscribing the triangle formed by the lines x+y+1=0,
3x+y-5=0 and 2x+y-5=0
Sol: Given line are x+y+1=0  (1) , 3x+y-5=0 (2) , 2x+y-5=0  (3)
Solving (1) & (2)
x+y+1=0
3x+y-5=0
x y 1
1 1 1 1
1 -5 3 1
x y 1
 
5  1 3  5 1  3
x y 1
 
6 8 2
6 8
x 3 y  4
2 2

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A = (3,-4) (1M)
Solving (2) & (3)
3x+y-5=0
2x+y-5=0
x y 1
1 -5 3 1
1 -5 2 1
x y 1
 
5  5 10  15 3  2
x y 1
 
0 5 1
0 5
x 0  y 5
1 1
B = (0,5) (1M)
Solving (3) & (1)
2x+y-5 = 0
x+y+1 = 0
x y 1
1 -5 2 1
1 1 1 1
x y 1
 
1  5 5  2 2  1
x y 1
 
6 7 1
x= 6, y = -7
C = (6,-7) (1M)
 the vertices of triangle are (3,-4) (0,5) (6,-7)
Let the centre of circle is S   ,  
SA2  SB 2  SC 2
SA2  SB 2 (1M)

  3      4     0      5 
2 2 2 2

 Distance between two points  x1 , y1  and  x2 , y2  is  x2  x1    y2  y1 

2 2

 6  18  0
   3  0 (4) (1M)
2 2
SB  SC
  0      5     6      7 
2 2 2 2

   2   5  0 (5) (1M)

Solving (4) & (5)
We get  ,    15,5 

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 centre  (15,5)

12   9  x2  x1    y2  y1 
2 2 2 2
r  SA   144  81  225  15 SA 

 Equation of circle with centre  h, k  radius r is  x  h    y  k   r 2

2 2

Eqn of circle :  x  15    y  5   15
2 2

x 2  y 2  30 x  10 y  25  0 (1M)
*22. The line y  mx  c and the circle x 2  y 2  a 2 intersect at A and B. If AB  2 then
show that c 2  1  m 2  a 2   2 
Ans: Given that y  mx  c and x 2  y 2  a 2

(1M)

 center and radious of circle x 2  y 2  a 2 is

C ( 0,0 ) and r = a
d = perpendicular distance from C (0,0) to the line mx-y+c = 0 (1M)

ax1  by1  c
 perpendicular distance from  x1 , y1  to the line ax  by  c  0 is
a 2  b2

c
d
1  m2

length of the chord AB  2

 2 r 2  d 2  2 (2M)

c2
2
2 a   2
1  m2

 c2   a2   2 1 m2  (3M)
 hence they proved
*23. Find the equation of circle passing through P (1,1) , Q (2,-1) and R (3,2).
Sol: Given points are
P (1,1) , Q (2,-1) and R (3,2)
Let the centre fo circle is s   ,   (1M)
 SP  SQ  SR

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SP 2  SQ 2

  1     1    2      1
2 2 2 2

 Distance between two points  x1 , y1  and  x 2 , y2  is  x2  x1    y2  y1 

2 2

 2   2  2  2  2   2   2  4  2   5
2  4   3  0 (1) (1M)
SQ 2  SR 2

  2      1    3     2 
2 2 2 2

 2   2  4  2  5   2   2  6  4  13
2  6   8  0
  3  4  0 (2) (1M)
Solving (1) & (2)
2  4   3  0
2  3  4  0
5 1
  ;  (2M)
2 2
2 2
5  1  9 1 10 5
r  SP    1    1 =    (1M)
2  2  4 4 4 2
2 2
 5  1 5
 x  h   y  k 
2 2
 eqn of circle  x     y     r2 (1M)
 2  2 2
x2  y2  5x  y  4  0
*24. If 1 , 2 are the angles of inclination of tangents through a point P to the circle x   y 2  a 2
then find the locus of P when cot 1  cot  2  k .

Sol: The equation tangent to x 2  y 2  a 2 having slope ‘m’ is y = mx ± a 1 + m 2 ----(1) (1M)

Let P( x1, y1 ) be a point on the locus
If the tangents (1) passes through ‘P’ then
y1  mx1  a 1  m 2

y1  mx1   a 1  m 2
S.O.B.S
 y1  mx1   a 2 1  m 2 
2

y12  m 2 x12  2mx1 y1  a 2  a 2 m 2

y12  m 2 x12  2mx1 y1  a 2  a 2 m 2  0
m2  x12  a 2   2 x1 y1m  y12  a 2  0 (2M)

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This is quadratic equation in’ m’

Let m1 , m2 are roots of the above equation

b
 For quadratic equation ax 2  bx  c  0 sum of roots  
a
c
products of roots 
a
2 x1 y1
m1  m2   tan 1  tan  2 (1M)
x12  a 2

y12  a 2
m1m2  tan 1 tan  2  (1M)
x12  a 2
Given that cot 1  cot  2  k
tan 1  tan  2
 tan  tan   k
1 2

 tan 1  tan  2  k tan 1 tan  2

2 x1 y1  y12  a 2 
 x 2  a2  k x 2  a2
1 1 
 2x1 y1  k  y12  a 2 

Locus of P is 2 xy  k  y  a 
2 2
(2M)

PARABOLA
***25) Derive the equation of parabola y 2  4ax in standard form.
Sol.

(1M)

Let ‘S’ be the focus and ‘ l ’ be the directrix of parabola let Z be the projection of ‘S’ on ‘ l ’ &
A be the mid point of ZS such that
AS  AZ  a
 A lies on the parabola
 
Let AY be parallel to l & choose AY as Y-axis & AS as X-axis (2M)

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 A   0, 0  S (a, 0) Z  a, o  and eq. of directrix l  x  a

Let p(x,y)be any point on the parabola
SP
  1 (by def)
PM
 SP = PM (1M)
xa
 ( x  a) 2  y 2   The distance between  x1 , y1  &  x 2 , y 2  is  x 2 - x1 
2
+  y 2 - y1 
2
2 2
1 0

 P erpen dicu lar distan ce from  x1 , y1 

ax 1  b y 1  c
Squaring on both sides  to th e lin e ax  by  c  0 is (1M)
2 2
a b

  a  b  = a 2 + b 2  2ab
2

( x  a) 2  y 2  ( x  a ) 2
a - b 
2
= a 2 + b 2 - 2ab

 x2  2ax  a2  y2  x2  a2  2ax
 y 2  4 ax which is standard form of the parabola. (2M)

***26) Find the focus, vertex, equation of the directrix, axes and the length of the latusrectum
to the parabola y 2  x  4 y  5  0 .
Sol. Given parabola y 2  x  4 y  5  0
 y2  4y  x 5  y2  4 y  4  x  5  4
 ( y  2)2  ( x 1) (1M)
2
Compare with ( y - β ) = 4 a ( x - α )
1
 4a  1  a  4 ;   1&   2 (1M)
(i) vertex A  α, β   1, 2  , (1M)
 1  5 
(ii) focus S α + a,β  = 1  , 2    , 2  (1M)
 4  4 
(iii) eq.of directrix ‘ l ’  x = α -a  4 x  3  0 (1M)
(iv) Eq. of axis of parabola y =β  y  2  0 (1M)
(v) length of latusrectum  
1
LL = 4a  1 (1M)
***27. Find the co-ordinates of vertex, focus, equation of the directrix and axis of the
parabola x2 –2x+4y–3=0.
Sol. x2 – 2x = –4y + 3  x2 – 2x +1 = –4y +4
 (x – 1)2 = –4(y–1) (2M)
compare with  x - h  = - 4 a  y - k 
2
(1M)
vertex (h, k) = (1, 1) 4a = 4 (1M)
a=1
Focus S(h, k–a) = (1, 1–1) = (1, 0) (1M)

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Directrix y=k+a
y=1+1
y=2 (1M)
Axis x=h
 x=1 (1M)
***28. Find the equations of tangents to the parabola y  16 x which are parallel and
2

perpendicular respectively to the line 2 x  y  5  0 , also find the coordinates of their

points of contact.
Ans. Given parabola y 2  16 x -------(1)
 4a  16  a  4 (1M)
Given line 2 x  y  5  0 --------(2)
Slope of the parallel line w.r.to (2) is
m2 (1M)

1
Slope of the perpendicular line w.r.to (2) is m  (1M)
2

1
Slopeof aline whichis perpendicular to givenline whoseslope is 'm'is -
m

4 a
y  2x  The equation of the parallel line w.r.to the Eq. (2) is y  mx 
2 m
 2x  y  2  0 (1M)
 a 2a 
Point of contact of the parallel line is  2 , 
m m 

 4 2  4 
 ,   1, 4  (1M)
4 2 
1
Equation of the perpendicular line w.r.to Eq.(2) is m  , a4 (1M)
2

1 4 a
y  x y  mx 
2 1 m
2
x  2 y  16  0
 a 2a 
Point of contact of the perpendicular line is  2 , 
m m 

 
 4 2  4 
 
 , = 16, 16  (1M)
    1 
2
 1 2 
 2

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***29. Find the equation of the parabola, whose axis is parallel to the x-axis and which passes
through the points A 2,1 , B 1,2 and C  1,3 (M-02)
Sol. Equation of parabola whose axis is parallel to x –axis is x  ly 2  my  n -----(1) (1M)
it is passes through A (–2, 1)
(1)  –2 = l  m  n  l  m  n  2  0 ----------(2)
B(1, 2)  1  4l  2m  n  4l  2m  n  1  0 ------(3)
C(–1, 3)  –1 = 9l  3m  n  9l  3m  n  1  0 ---(4) (3M)
(3) –(2)  3l  m  3  0 ------ (5)
(4) –(3)  5l  m  2  0 -------(6)
5
(5) –(6)  2l  5  0 l
2
 5  15 21
(5)  3    m  3  0  m 3 (2M)
 2  2 2
5 21
(2)   n20  n = –10
2 2
Required parabola
5 2 21
(1)  x   y  y  10
2 2
 2 x  5 y 2  21y  20  5 y 2  2 x  21 y  20  0 (1M)

***30. Find the eqaution of the parabola whose axis is parallel to Y-axis and which passes
through the points (4,5) (-2,11) & (-4,21).
Sol: since axis of parabola is parallel to Y-axis
let the eqaution of parabola be y = lx 2  m x  n -----(1) (1M)
given (1) passes through (4,5)(-2,11) & (-4,21)
16l  4m  n  5.......(2) , 4l  2m  n  11........(3) & 16l  4m  n  21........(4) (3M)
(1)  (2)  12l  6m  6  2l  m  1.........(5)
(1)  (3)  8m  16  m  2 .........(6)
1
Substitute (6) in (5) l 
2
1
 4l  2m  n  11  4   2 2  n  11  2  4  n  11 n5 (2M)
 2
 Required equation of parabola is lx 2  mx  n  y
1
   x2  2x  5  y  x2  4x 10  2y  x2  4x  2 y 10  0 (1M)
 2

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***31) The normal at a point ‘ t1 ’ on y 2  4ax meets the parabola again in the point ‘ t2 ’. Then
prove that t1t2  t12  2  0 .
Sol. Given parabola y 2  4ax
 Eq. of the normal at t1 is y  xt 1  2 at 1  at 13 (2M)

 2
but given (1) is passing through t 2 at 2 , 2 at 2  (1M)

 2at2  at2 2t1  2at1  at13

3 2 2

 2a  t2  t1   at1  at2 t1  2a  t2  t1   at1 t1  t2 (2M)
2

2
 2(t1  t2 )  t1 (t1  t2 )(t1  t2 )  2  t1 (t1  t2 )   t1  t 2
t1

2
 t 2   t1  (or) 2
 t1t 2  t1  2  0 (2M)
t1

***32) Show that the equations of the common tangents to the circle x 2  y 2  2a 2 and the
parabola y 2  8ax are y    x  2a  .
2a
Sol. Let the eq. of any tangent to the parabola y 2  8ax is y = mx + (2M)
m
 my  m 2 x  2 a  m 2 x  my  2 a  0        1
but (1)is a tangent to the circle x 2  y 2  2a 2
 con d tion for tan gen cy to th e circle is rad iu s =
r d p erp en d icu lar d istan ce from cen tre to th e lin e (1M)

2 2 2
centre = c(0, 0), radius of the circle is r = 2a  radius of the circle x  y  a is ' a ' (1M)

 The perpendicular distance from a point  x1 , y1 

2a
2a  ax1  by1  c
(m2 )2  m2 to a line ax  by  c  0 is
a 2  b2

4a2
 2a2   m4  m2  2  0  m4  2m2  m2  2  0 (1M)
m4  m2
 (m 2  2)(m 2  1)  0  m2  1  m  1
2a
 Required eq. of common tangents y    1 x    1  y  (x  2a) (2M)

***33) Find the equation of the parabola whose focus is (-2,3) & directrix is the line
2 x  3 y  4  0 also find the length of the latusrectum and the equation of axis of the
parabola.
Sol: Given focus S=(-2,3)
Equation of directrix  2 x  3 y  4  0
Let p(x,y) be any point on the parabola (1M)
 SP  PM (1M)

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2 2 2x  3y  4 (2x  3y  4)2
 ( x  2)  ( y  3)   ( x  2)2  ( y  3)2 
22  32 13
 13  x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  13  4 x 2  9 y 2  16  12 xy  24 y  16 x
 9 x 2  4 y 2  68 x  54 y  12 xy  153  0 (2M)
2 2
9x  12xy  4y  68x  54y  153  0
Also length of latusrectum ( LL' ) = 4a
= 2(2a) perpendicular distance from focus to directrices is =2a (1M)

 P erpen dicu lar distan ce from  x1 , y1 

 2(2)  3(3)  4  ax 1  b y 1  c
 2  to th e lin e ax  by  c  0 is
 22  32  a 2  b2

 1  2
 2   units (1M)
 13  13
1
(iii) eq of the axis of the parabola  y  y1  ( x  x1 )
m
axis is perpendicular to directrix and passing through focus

3
 y  3  (x  2)  2y  6  3x  6 3x  2y 12  0 (1M)
2
***34. If a normal chord a point ‘t’ on the parabola y 2  4ax subtends a right angle at vertex,
then prove that t   2 .
Ans. Given equation of the parabola y 2  4ax ---------(1)
Equation of normal chord w.r.to the parabola is y  xt  2at  at 3 (1M)
y  xt
1 --------(2) (2M)
2 at  at 3
Homogenizing the Eq.(1) with help of Eq.(2)
 y  xt 
y 2  4ax  3 
 0  Normal chord subtends a right angle at the vertex of the parabola (1M)
 2at  at 
 x 2 coefficient  y 2 coefficient  0
4at 4
1  0 1 2 2 ( 3M)
2at  at 3
2  t2  2  t  4  t  2  t   2
***35. Show that the common tangents to the 2 x 2  2 y 2  a 2 and the parabola y 2  4ax
intersect at the focus of the parabola y 2  4ax
Sol: given circle, 2 x 2  2 y 2  a 2

a2
 x2  y2  -------(1)
2

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Paraobola y 2  4ax -------(2)

a
Let equation of any tangent to (2) is y  m x  (2M)
m
 m 2 x  my  a  0 -------(3) (1M)
If Eq.(3) is a tangent to Eq.(1)
Condition for tangency to the circle is

r = d Radius of thecircle = Perpendicular distance from centre of thecircle to the tangent

 P erpen dicu lar distan ce from  x1 , y1 

a a
 ax 1  b y 1  c (1M)
2 to th e lin e ax  by  c  0 is
m4  m2 a 2  b2

 m4  m2  2  m4  m2  2  0   m 2  2  m 2  1  0

m 2  2 & m 2  1
m 2  2 rejected  m 2  1  m  1 (2M)

 Common tangents are y    x  a 

Point of intersection of common tangents is

x  a & y  0 . for the parabola y 2  4ax focus is  a , 0  (1M)

Which is nothing but foucs of y 2  4ax

***36. Show that the locus of point of intersection of perpendicular tangents to the parabola
y 2  4ax is the directrix x  a  0
Sol: Given parabola , y 2  4ax ------(1)
a
Equation of any tangent to (1) is y  mx 
m
 m 2 x  my  a  0 -----(2) (2M)

If (2) passes through P  x1 , y1 

 m 2 x1  my1  a  0 ------(3)
Let m1 , m2 be roots of (3) (2M)
a const. term
 m1m2   P rod uct of the roots =
x1 x 2 coeff.

If the tangents are perpendicular m1m2  1 (1M)

a
  1  x1  a  x1  a  0
x1
 locus of perpendicular tangents is x  a  0 (2M)

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***37 Prove that the tow parabolas y 2  4ax and x 2  4by intersect (other than the origin)
 3 a1 / 3 b1 / 3 
at an angle of Tan 1
  (Mar-2014)
 2  a 2/ 3  b2 / 3  
 
Sol: Without loss of generality we can assume that a  0 and b  0
Let P  x , y  be the point of intersection of the parabolas other than the origin.

Then y 4  16a 2x 2  16a 2  4by   64a 2by

   
3 2 2 1/3
 y y  64a b  0  y  64a b  4a 2/3b1/3

16a 4/3b 2/3

From y  4ax , we get x 
2  4a1/3b 2/3
4a
 P   4a 1/3b 2/3 , 4a 2/3b1/3  (2M)

Differentiating both sides of y 2  4ax w.r .t ' x ',

dy 2a
we get dx  y

1/3
 dy  2a 1 a 
   2/3 1/3
   (1M)
 dx y 4a b 2b 
1/3
1 a 
If m1 is the slope of the tangent at P to y  4ax , then m1    2
2b 
1/3
a 
Similarly, if m2 is the slope of the tangent at P to x  4by then we get m2  2  
2
(1M)
b 

m m
If  is the acute angle between the tangents to the curves at P, then tan  1  m m (1M)
2 1

1 2

3a1/3b1/3  3a1/3b1/3 
    Tan 1
  (2M)
2 a 2/3  b 2/3   2 a 2/3  b 2/3  
 
**38. Prove that the area of the triangle inscribed in the parabola y 2  4ax is
1
 y1  y2  y2  y3  y3  y1  sq.units where y1,y2,y3 are the ordinates of its vertices.
8a
Sol. Given parabola y 2  4ax

Let A  at12 , 2at1  , B  at22 , 2at2  , C  at32 , 2at3  are vertices of the triangle . (1M)

x1 y1 1
1
Area of the triangle ABC is  x2 y2 1 (1M)
2
x3 y3 1

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a  t12  t22  2a  t1  t2  0
at12 2at1 1
1 1
2at2 1  a  t2  t3  2a  t2  t3  0
2 2
 at22
2 2 2 (2M)
at3 2at3 1 at32 2at3 1

R1  R1  R2 ; R2  R2  R3

 t1  t2  1 0
1
  2a a t1  t2  t2  t3   t2  t3  1 0
2 (1M)
t32 t3 1

R1  R1  R2

 t1  t3  0 0
a 2
 t 2  t3  1 0  a 2  t1  t2  t2  t3  t3  t1 
t32 t3 0

1
  2at1  2at2  2at2  2at3  2at3  2at1 
8a
1
=  y1  y2  y2  y3  y3  y1  sq.units (2M)
8a

**39) Find the condition for the line y  mx  c to be a tangent to the parabola x 2  4ay .
Sol: Given parabola is x 2  4ay
Given equation of tangent y  mx  c  mx  y  c  0  (1) (2M)
Let p ( x1 , y1 ) be the point of contact
Eq. of tangent at ‘p’ to the circle S=0 is S1  0
 xx1  2a( y  y1 )  0  xx1  2ay  2ay1  0  (2) (2M)
(1) & (2) represents the same line
x1 2a 2ay1
    x1  2am; y1  c
m 1 c
 p (2am, c ) (1M)
Now x12  4 ay1  4 a 2 m 2  4 a (  c )  c   am 2 (2M)
**40) Show that the common tangent to the parabola y 2  4ax and
1 1 2 2
x 2  4by is a 3 x  b 3 y  a 3 b 3  0

a
Sol. Let the eq. of any tangent to the parabola y 2  4ax is y  mx  ......(1) (2M)
m
c o m p a r e w ith y  m x  c
but (1)is also a tangent to the parabola x 2  4by

 c   am 2  If y  mx  c isa tangent to theparabola x 2  4ay then c  am 2

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1
a a a 3
   bm 2    m3  m     (2M)
m b  b
a
 Required eq. of common tangent is y  mx   m2 x  my  a  0
m
2 2 1 2 1 1 2
 1
 1
 a  3  a  3 a 3
a 3
a 3 x  a3b3 y  ab3
    x   y  a  0  2 x  1 y  a  0  0
 b    b  2
  b3 b3 b 3

2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1
 a 3 x  a 3 b 3 y  ab 3  0 a 3 x  b 3 y  a 3 b 3  0 ( divide both sides with a 3 ) (3M)
which is equation of common tangent.

**41) If lx  my  n  0 is a normal to the parabola y 2  4ax then show that

al 3  2alm 2  nm 2  0
Sol. Given parabola is y 2  4ax
Given equation of normal  lx  my  n  0        (1) (1M)
We know the equation of the normal at ‘t’ is y + xt = 2at + at 3
(1M)
y  xt   2at  at 3   0 .....(2) (1M)
(1) & (2) represents the same line

t 1   2at  at   t  l
3
n
   &    2at  at 3  (2M)
l m n m m

 3 n  
n  2al al3   2alm2  al3 
    m2n   2alm2  al3 
m  m m  m m3
 al 3  2alm 2  nm 2  0 (2M)
**42. Prove that te area of the triangle formed by the tangents at (x1 , y1), (x2 , y2) and (x3, y3)
1
to the parabola y 2  4ax  a  0  is  y1  y2  y2  y3  y3  y1  square units.
16a
Sol: Let D  x1 , y1    at12 , 2at1  , E  x2 , y2    at22 , 2at2  and F  x3 , y3    at32 , 2at3  (1M)

be three points on the parabola y 2  4ax  a  0  .

The equation of the tangents at D, E and F are , respectively

x
t1 y  x  at12 Eq.of tangent at  at ,2at  totheparabola y  4ax is y  t  at
2 2

t2 y  x  at22
t3 y  x  at32 (1M)

( 1) - (2)   t1  t2  y  a  t1  t2  t1  t2   y  a  t1  t2  substituting in (1)

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we get x  at1t2 .

The point of intersection of the tangents at t1 and t 2 is P  at1t2 , a  t1  t2   (1M)

Similarly, the points of intersection of tangents at E, F and at F, D are Q at2t3 , a  t2  t3   and

R  at3t1 , a  t3  t1   respectively..

at1t2 a  t1  t2  1
1
at t a  t 2  t3  1
Area of PQR  Absolute value of 2 2 3 (1M)
at1t3 a  t1  t3  1

x1 y1 1
1
The area of the triangle formed by vertices A x1 , y1  , B  x2 , y2  and C  x3 , y3  is x2 y2 1
2
x3 y3 1

t1t2 t1  t2 1
a2
t t t t 1
= Absolute value of 2 2 3 2 3
t1t3 t1  t3 1

R1  R1  R3
R2  R2  R3

t1  t2  t3   t2  t3  0
a2
= Absolute value of 2 3  2 1   t2  t1 
t t t 0
t1t3 t1  t3 1

t1 1 0
a2
= Absolute value of 2  2 3  2 1  3
t t t t t 1 0
t1t3 t1  t3 1

a2
=  t2  t3  t2  t1  t1  t3 
2
1
  y1  y2  y2  y3  y3  y1  sq. units (3M)
16a
*43) From an external point P tangents are drawn to the parabola y 2  4ax and these
tangents make angles 1 , 2 with its axis, such that cot 1  cot  2 is constant ‘d’.
Then show that all such P lie on a horizontal line.
Sol. Let P ( x1 , y1 ) be point of intersection of tangents (1M)

a a
y1  mx1  Eq. of any tangent to the parabola y2 =4ax is y  mx  (1M)
m m
 my  m2 x1  a  0  m 2 x1  my1  a (1M)

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 x coeff
 If ax 2  bx  c  0 then sum of roots 
x 2 coeff
y1 a
 m1  m2  & m1m2  const term (1M)
x1 x1 Product of the roots 
x 2 coeff

1 1 1 1
Given cot 1  cot  2  d (constant)   d   d (1M)
tan1 tan2 m1 m2

m1  m2 y1 a
 d  m m dmm  d  y1  ad
m1m1 1 2 1 2 x1 x1
 Eq. of locus of `p` is y  ad which is a horizantal line. (2M)

*44) Find the equation of the parabola whose focus is S (3,5) and the vertex is A (1,3)
Sol.

P(x,y)
M

Z(h, k)
A1, 3) S(3,5)

Let Z(h,k) be point on directrix ‘ l ’ (1M)

midpoint of ZS =A

h3 k 5  x1  x2 y1  y2 
  ,   1,3  Mid point of  x1 , y1  and  x 2 , y2  is  2 , 2 
 2 2   
 h  1 , k  1 (1M)
Z (1,1)

53 y 2 - y1
Slope of AS  1 m Slope = (1M)
3 1 x 2 - x1

1
Equation of the directrix ‘ l ’  y  y1  ( x  x1 )
m
 y  1  1( x  1)  x  y  0 (1M)
Let p(x.y) be any point on the parabola
 SP  PM (1M)

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x y
( X  3) 2  (Y  5) 2   The distance between  x1 , y1  &  x 2 , y 2  is  x2 - x1 
2
+  y 2 - y1 
2

12  12

 P erpen dicu lar distan ce from  x1 , y1 

2
x y ax 1  b y 1  c
 ( x  3)2  ( y  5)2  to th e lin e ax  by  c  0 is
2 a 2  b2

2  x 2  y 2  6 x  10 y  34   x 2  y 2  2 xy
 x2  y 2  2 xy  12 x  20 y  68  0 (2M)

INDEFINITE INTEGRALS
9 cos x  sin x
***45. Evaluate  dx (M-2008)
4sin x  5cos x
d
Sol. Rule: Nr= A  Dr   B  Dr 
dx
d
9 cos x  sin x  A  4 sin x  5 cos x   B  4sin x  5cos x  (1M)
dx
d
  sin x   cos x
dx
9 cos x  sin x  A  4 cos x  5sin x   B  4sin x  5cos x  ----(I) d
 cos x    sin x
dx
compare sinx co-efficient O.B.S
-1=-5A+4B
compare cosx co-efficient on both sides
9 = 4A + 5B
 -5A + 4B = -1 -----(1)
 4A + 5B = 9 -----(2) (1M)
solving (1) & (2), we get
(1) x 4 => -20A+16B=-4
(2)x5=> 20A+25B=45
-----------------
41B = 41  B=1
-----------------
put B=1 substitute in (1)
-5A+4=-1
A=1 , B=1 (2 M)
substitute A and B values in (I)
 9 cos x  sin x  1 4 cos 5sin x   1 4sin x  5cos x 
9 cos x  sin x 4 cos x  5sin x 4 sin x  5 cos x
 dx = 1 dx  1 dx (1 M)
4sin x  5cos x 4sin x  5cos x 4 sin x  5 cos x
f 1 x
 dx  log  f  x    c  1dx  x  c
= log 4 sin x  5cos x   1dx f x 
= log 4sin x  5cos x  x  c (2 M)

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2 cos x  3sin x
***46. Evaluate  4 cos x  5sin x
dx (May-08, A-01)
d
Sol. Rule: Nr= A  Dr   B  Dr 
dx
d
2 cos x  3sin x  A  4 cos x  5sin x   B  4 cos x  5sin x  (1M)
dx
d
  sin x   cos x
dx
 2 cos x  3sin x  A  4sin x  5cos x   B  4 cos x  5sin x  ---(I) d
 cos x    sin x
dx
compare sinx and cosx on both sides
 5A+4B=2 ------ (1)
 -4A+5B=3 ------ (2) (1M)
solve (1) & (2)
(1) X 4 => 20A+16B=8
(2) X 5 => -20A+25B=15
-------------------
41B=23  B=23/41
-------------------
82  92 10
from (1)  5A+4(23/41) = 2  5A =2-92/41 = 
41 41
2 23
 A ; B (2 M)
41 41
substitute A and B values in (I)
2 23
2 cos x  3sin x    4 sin x  5 cos x    4 cos x  5sin x 
41 41
2 cos x  3sin x 2 4 sin x  5 cos x 23 4 cos x  5sin x
now  dx =  dx   dx (1 M)
4 cos x  5sin x 41 4 cos x  5sin x 41 4 cos x  5sin x

2 23 f 1  x
log 4cos x  5sin x   1dx  dx  log f  x   c  1dx  x  c

41 41 f  x 
2 23
 log 4 cos x  5sin x  x  c (2 M)
41 41
2Sinx  3Cosx  4
***47. Evaluate :  dx. (Mar 2011,2014)
3sin x  4Cosx  5
d
Sol. Rule: Nr = A  Dr   B  Dr  +C
dx
d
2 sin x  3cos x  4  A  3sin x  4cosx  5   B  3sin x  4 cos x  5   c (1 M)
dx
d d
  sin x  cos x   cos x sin x
dx dx
2sin x  3cos x  4  A  3cos x  4sin x   B  3sin x  4 cos x  5  c --------(I)
comparing sinx,cosx, constant terms in both sides
-4A+3B=2 ------ (1)

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3A+4B=3 ------- (2)

5B+C=4 ------ (3)
solving (1) & (2)
(3) X (1) = -12A+9B=6
(4) X (2) = 12A+16B=12
-----------------
18
25B=18  B=
25
-----------------

 18  54 50  54 4 1
from(1)  4 A  3    2  4 A  2   4 A    A
25
  25 25 25 25
 18  18 20  18 2
from(3) 5B  C  4  5    C  4  C  4   C 
 25  5 5 5
1 18 2
 A  , B  ,C  (2 M)
25 25 5
substitute A , B and C values in (I)
1 18 2
2 sin x  3cos x  4   3cos x  4 sin x    3sin x  4 cos x  5  
25 25 5

2sin x  3cos x  4 1 3cos x  4sin x 18 3sin x  4cos x  5 2 dx

now  3sin x  4cos x  5 dx  25  3sin x  4cos x  5 dx  25  3sin x  4cos x  5 dx  5  3sin x  4cos x  5 (1 M)

f 1 x
 dx  log f  x   c
f x

1 18 2 dx
= log 3sin x  4cos x  5  1dx   c (1 M)
25 25 5 3sin x  4cos x  5
x 2dt d
put tan t  dx    tan x   sec 2 x
2 1 t2 dx
2t x
sin x  2 tan
x 1  tan 2
1 t2 2 2
 sin x   cos x 
1 t2 2 x x
cos x  1  tan 1  tan 2
1 t 2 2 2
2dt
1 18 2 1 t 2
 log 3sin x  4cos x  5  x   c
Now 25 25 5  2t   1  t 2 
3 2 
 4 2 
5
 1 t   1 t 
2dt
1 18 2 1 t 2
 log 3sin x  4cos x  5  x   c
25 25 5 6t  4  4t 2  5  5t 2
1 t 2
1 18 2 2dt
 log 3sin x  4cos x  5  x   2 c
25 25 5 t  6t  9

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1 18 2 2dt
 log 3sin x  4cos x  5  x   c
25 25 5  t  32
1 18 4 dt
 log 3sin x  4cos x  5  x   c (1 M)
25 25 5  t  32

1 18 4  1  1 1
 log 3sin x  4 cos x  5  x  c  2
dx    c
25 25 5t 3 x x
 
1 18 4 1 
 log 3sin x  4 cos x  5  x   c
25 25 5  tan x  3  (1 M)
 2 
cos x  3sin x  7
**48. Evaluate  cos x  sin x  1
(J-06)

d
sol. N.R. = A  D.R   B  D.R   C
dx

d
  sin x   cos x
d dx
cos x  3sin x  7  A
dx
 cos x  sin x  1  B  cos x  sin x  1  c d
 cos x    sin x
(1 M)
dx

cos x  3sin x  7  A   sin x  cos x   B  cos x  sin x  1  c --------(I)

Compare cosx, sinx, constant terms
1 = A + B ….. (1), 3 = -A + B …. (2), 7 = B + C ….. (3)
1   2   4  2B B2
From 1  A  1

From  3  C  5 (2 M)
substitute A , B and C values in (I)
i.e., cos x  3sin x  7  1  sin x  cos x   2  cos x  sin x  1  5

cos x  3sinx  7
Now  cos x  sin x  1
dx

d
 cos x  sin x  1  2  cos x  sin x  1  5
= dx dx (1 M)
 cos x  sin x  1

1 f 1  x
  log cos x  sin x  1  2 x  5 dx  c  dx  log f  x   c
cos x  sin x  1 f  x

  log cos x  sin x  1  2 x  5 I +c ……(4) (1 M)

1
Where I   cos x  sin x  1dx

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2dt d
Put tan x / 2  t  dx    tan x  sec2 x
1 t2 dx

x x
1  tan 2
2tan
1 t 2
2t  cos x  2  sin x  2
and cos x  ,sin x  2 x 2 x
1 t 2
1 t2 1  tan 1  tan
2 2

1  2dt 
  1 t   2t 
2  2 
 1 t 
i.e I =   1
2  2 
1 t   1 t 
2dt 2dt 1
=  1 t 2
 2t  1  t 2

2t  2
=
t 1
dt  log t  1  c (1 M)

 I  log tan x / 2  1  c
Complete integral value from (4)
x
  log cos x  sin x  1  2 x  5 log tan 1  c (1 M)
2
***49. Find the reduction formula for  sin xdx  n  2  and hence find  sin xdx
n 4

(May-09,10, March-13,2014)
Sol. I n   sinn xdx
I n   sinn1 x sin xdx (1 M)
here f  sinn 1 x , g  sin x
from by parts rule

  fg = f  g -  f' g I LAT E
d 
 sin n1 x  sin xdx    sin n1 x  sin xdx dx   sin x dx   cos x (1 M)
 dx 
d
 sin n1 x   cos x     n  1 sin n2 x  cos x   cos x  dx 
dx
 
x n  nx n1

  sinn1 x cos x   n 1  sinn2 x cos2 xdx (1 M)

d
  sin n1 x cos x   n  1  sin n2 x 1  sin 2 x  dx   sin x   cos x
dx
  sinn1 x cos x   n 1  sin n2 x  sinn xdx
  sin n1 x cos x   n  1  In2  In  (1 M)
I n   sin n 1
x cos x   n  1 I n  2   n  1 I n

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I n   n  1 I n   sin n 1 x cos x   n  1 I n 2
 sin n 1 x cos x  n  1
In   I n2 (1 M)
n n
 sin 3 x cos x 3
Now I 4   sin xdx 
4
 I2
4 4
 sin 3 x cos x 3   sin x cos x 1 
    I0 
4 4 2 2 
 sin 3 x cos x 3 3
  sin x cos x   x   c (2 M)
4 8 8
***50. Find the reduction formula for  tan n xdx and hence find  tan 6 xdx (Mar-07, 12)

Sol. I n   tan n xdx  In   tan n2 x tan 2 xdx

 I n   tann2 x  sec2 x 1dx  sec2 x  1  tan2 x (1 M)

x n1
I n   tan n2 x sec2 x dx   tan n2 xdx   x n dx  c
n 1
put tanx = t  sec 2 xdx  dt
I n   t n  2 dt  I n  2 (2 M)
t n 1
In   I n2
n 1
t n1 tann1 x
 In  In2  In  In2 
n 1 n 1
n 1
tan x
 In   I n2 (2 M)
n 1
Now I 6   tan xdx
6

tan 5 x tan 5 x  tan 3 x  5 3

I6   I4    I 2   tan x  tan x   tan x  I0   c
5 5  3  5 3
tan 5 x tan 3 x tan x
   xc (2 M)
5 3 1
***51. Obtain reduction formula for I n   cot n x dx, n being a positive integer n  2 and
hence deduce the value of  cot 4 x dx (May-11)
Sol. In   cot n xdx
  cot n  2 x cot 2 xdx
  cot n  2 x  cos ec 2 x  1 xdx cot2 x  cos ec2 x 1 (1 M)
I n   cot n  2 x cos ec 2 xdx   cot n  2 xdx

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d x n 1
  cos ec xdx  dt dx  cot x cos ec x   x n dx 
2
put cotx = t 2 c
n1
   t n  2 dt  I n  2 (2 M)
t n 1
In    I n2
n 1
cotn1 x
 In    In2 (2 M)
n 1
Now I 4   cot 4 xdx
 cot 3 x  cot 3 x   cot x   cot 3 x cot x x
  I2    I0     c (2 M)
3 3  1  3 1 1
***52. Evaluate   6 x  5 6  2 x 2  x .dx (M-09, May -06, 09)
d
Sol. Working Rule: px  q  A
dx
 ax 2  bx  c   B

d
6x  5  A
dx
 6  2x2  x   B (1 M)

d d
 6x  5  A 4x 1  B 
dx dx
 
 x   1  x n  nx n1
 6 x  5  4 Ax  A  B
comparing coefficients
A B  5
4 A  6
B  5 A
3 ; (1 M)
A 13
2 B
2
3 13
Now   6 x  5  6  2 x  xdx     4 x  1 6  2 x  xdx   6  2 x  xdx
2 2 2

2 2
put 6  2x 2  x  t  (  4 x  1) dx  dt
3 13  x 

2  tdt   2  x 2   3 dx
2  2 

3 1/ 2 13  1 1 1 

2  t dt   2  x 2  2   x    3 dx
2  4 16 16 

2
3  t 3/ 2  13  1  49 xn1
     2  x    dx  xndx  c
2  3/ 2  2  4  16 n 1

13   1  2  7 2 
2
 t 3/ 2  2   x       dx (2 M)
  4   4  

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13  7  2  1 
2

  6  2x  x
3/ 2 x 2 a2  x
2
  2     x    dx   a 2  x 2 dx  a  x 2  sin 1    c
2  4   4   2 2 a

 1 7
2
 1  
  x   2 2     x   
13   4 7  1 4 4  
   6  2x2  x     x      sin 1  
3/ 2
  c
2  2 4  4 2  7  (2 M)
  4 
  

13  4 x  1   7   1  49 1  4 x  1  
2 2

  6  2x  x  
3/ 2
2
      x    sin    c
2  8   4   4  32  7 
 
637  4 x  1  13
   6  2x2  x  
3/ 2
sin 1     4 x  1 6  2 x  x  c
2
(1 M)
32 2  7  16
**53. Evaluate   3 x  2  2 x 2  x  1 dx
d
Sol. Working Rule: px  q  A
dx
 ax 2  bx  c   B

d d 2 d d
 3x  2   A
dx
 2 x 2  x  1  B  x  2x 
dx dx
 
 kx   k   k   0
dx
(1 M)

 A  4 x  1  B
comparing on bothsides coefficient of x and constant.
3
3  4A  A 
4
2   A  B
3 3 5
2   B  B  2   (1 M)
4 4 4
3 5
3 x  2   4 x  1 
4 4
  3x  2  2 x  x  1 dx
2

3 5
    4 x  1   2 x 2  x  1 dx
4 4

 f ( x)
n1
3  5 n
    4 x  1  2 x 2  x  1 dx   2 x 2  x  1 dx  f '( x) f ( x) dx  c
4  4 n 1
3 5
  4 x  1 2 x  x  1 dx   2 x  x  1 dx
2 2
 (1 M)
4 4

3  2 x  x  1
2 1
1
2
5  1 1
   2  x 2  x   dx
4 1 1
2 4  2 2

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3  2 x  x  1
3
2 2
5  1 1 1 1
   2  x 2  2   x     dx
4 3
2 4  4 16 16 2 

2
3 2 5 2  1 7
 .  2 x 2  x  1 
3

 x   dx
2

4 3 4  4  16

2 2
1 5 2  1  7 
  2 x 2  x  1 
3

x     dx
2
  (2 M)
2 4  4   4 

x 2 2 a2 1  x 
  x 2  a 2 dx  x  a  sin    c
2 2 a
 1  1 
  x  2 2
x  
1 5 2  4  1  7  7 
 2 x 2  x  1 4  C
3
16 1
    x       sinh 
2
 (1M)
2 4  2  4  4  2  7 
  4  

 2 2 
1 5 2  4x 1  1  7  7 1  4 x  1  
  2 x  x  1 
3
2
 x       sinh   C
2

2 4  8  4   4  32  7  (1M)
 
2x  5
***54. Evaluate  dx (M-06)
x 2  2 x  10
d
Sol. Working Rule: px  q  A
dx
 ax 2  bx  c   B

d 2
2x  5  A
dx
 x  2 x  10   B (1 M)

d 2 d d
 2x  5  A 2x  2  B      1 
dx
 
x  2x
dx
 kx   k
dx
k   0
compare coefficients
2A  2
 A 1
2 A  B  5
21  B  5
B7
put A=1, B=7 substitute in (1) (2 M)
2x  5 2x  2 dx
 x 2  2 x  10 dx  1. x 2  2 x  10  7  x 2  2 x  10 (1 M)

dx f 1  x
 2 x  2 x  10  7 
2  dx  2 f  x  c
x2  2 x  1  9 f  x

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dx 1 x
 2 x 2  2 x  10  7   dx  sinh 1    c (2 M)
 x  1
2
a
2
3 x2  a2
 x 1 
 2 x 2  2 x  10  7 sinh 1  c (1 M)
 3 
1
***55. Evaluate  .dx (J-05)
1  x  3  2 x  x 2
1
Sol. Given  .dx
1  x  3  2 x  x2
1 1
working rule :  dx then put px  q 
 px  q  ax 2  bx  C t

1 1 1 t
put 1  x   x   1 = (1 M)
t t t
1
 dx   2 dt
t
2
2  1 t   1 t 
 3  2x  x  3  2    
 t   t 
2
 1  t   1  t  2t  3t 2  2t  2t 2  1  t 2  2t 4t  1
 3  2  2  =  (1M)
 t   t  t 2
t2
1  1
1   2  dt
4t  1  t 
=
t t2
t 2  1  1
  2  dt     4t  1 2 dt

(2 M)
4t  1  t 
1
1  4t  1 2
 1

 C n 1 (ax  b)n1
4 1   ax  b dx  c
1 a n1
2
1  4t  1
1/ 2
2
 4t  1  C
1/ 2
 C  (1 M)
4 1/ 2 4
1/ 2
1   1  
 4  1 C (1 M)
2   1  x  

1/ 2
1  4  1  x  1 3  x
  C  C (1 M)
2  1  x  2 1 x

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dx
***56. 
 x  1 2 x 2  3x  1
dx
Sol. Given 
 x  1 2 x 2  3x  1
1 1
working rule :  dx then put px  q 
 px  q  2
ax  bx  C t

1 1
x 1   dx  dt (1 M)
t t2
1 1 t
x  1 
t t
2 1  t  3 1  t 
2
2
2 x  3x  1   1
t2 t
2 1  t 2  2t   3t 1  t   t 2 2  2t 2  4t  3t  3t 2  t 2 2  t
   2 (2 M)
t2 t2 t
dx

 x  1 2 x 2  3x  1
1 1
2
dt dt
 t  t2

dt
1 2t 1 (2 M)
2t 2t
t t2 t2
f '( x )
 dx  2 f ( x )  c (1 M)
 2 2t C f ( x)

1 2  2x 1 2x 1
 2 2 C 2 C 2 C (1 M)
1 x 1 x x 1

5 x
***57. Evaluate
x2  dx on (2,5) (M-02,04)

5 x 5 x 5 x 5 x
 dx 
Sol.  x2 5 x
 dx
 x  2 5  x  5x  x2 10  2x
dx

5 x
 dx (1 M)
2
 x  7 x  10
d
Working Rule : px + q = A
dx
 ax2 + bx + c + B
d
5 x  A
dx
  x2  7x 10  B (1 M)

 5  x  A 2x  7  B

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compare coefficient of ‘x’ and constant term

1
2 A  1  A  and
2
1 3
7A B  5  7  B  5  B (1 M)
2 2
5 x 1 2 x  7 3 dx
 2
 x  7 x  10
dx 
2  2
 x  7 x  10
dx  
2 2
 x  7 x  10
(1 M)

 f 1  x 
  dx  2 f  x   c 
 f  x 
1 3 dx
 .2  x2  7 x 10  
2 2   x2  7 x 10 (1 M)
 
3 dx
  x 2  7 x  10 
2  2
  x  7 x  10 

3 dx
2
 x2  7x 10 
 2  7   7 2  7 2 
 x  2  x       10
  2  2  2 
 
3 dx
2
  x 2  7 x  10 
 7  9
2

  x    
 2  4 
3 dx
  x 2  7 x  10  
2  3 2  2
c
7 (1 M)
   x  
2  2

 7 
 x 
3 2 dx x
  x 2  7 x  10  sin  1  c   sin 1    c
2 3 a
  a2  x
 2 
3  2x  7 
  x 2  7 x  10  sin 1  c (1 M)
2  3 
dx
***58. Evaluate:  (Mar-08,10)
5  4 cos x
dx
Sol. Given 
5  4 cos x
x
put tan  t
2
2dt 1 t2 d 1  tan2 x / 2
 dx  and cos x    tan x  sec2 x cos x  (1 M)
1 t2 1 t2 dx 1  tan2 x / 2

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2dt
1 t2
  1 t2  (1 M)
5  4 2 
 1 t 
2dt
2
2dt dt
 5  5t12 t4  4t 2   t 2  9  2 t 2  32 (3 M)
1 t2

1 t dx 1 x
 2. tan 1    c   tan 1  c
3  3 x2  a2 a a
 x
 tan 
2 2 c
 tan 1  
3 3 (2 M)
 
 
1
***59. Evaluate:  4  5sin x
dx (M-05)
1
Sol. Given  dx
4  5sin x
x
p u t ta n  t
2
2dt 2t 2 tan x / 2
 dx  and sin x   sin x  (1 M)
1 t2 1 t2 1  tan 2 x / 2
2
dt
1 t2
  2t  (1 M)
4  5 2 
 1 t 
2 dt
1 t2 2 dt 2dt 1 dt
 4  4t 2  10t   4t 2  10t  4    2 10   2  2 5
4 t  t  1 t  t 1
1 t2  4  2
1 dt 1 dt
  2 2
 
2 2 5 5 5 2  5  2  3 2 (2 M)
t  2   t       1 t     
4 4 4  4 4

 5 3
1 1 t 44 
 . log  c dx 1 x a
2 3 5 3  2 2
 log c (1 M)
2   t   x a 2a xa
4  4 4

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 1
1 t 
 log  2   c  1 log  2t  1   c
3 (1 M)
 t2  3  
 2 t  2 
 
 x 
1  2 tan 2  1 
1  2t  1   log  c
 log  c 3 x (1 M)
3  2t  4   2 tan  4 
 2 
dx
***60. Evaluate:  (Mar-11)
5  4 cos 2 x
dx
Sol. Given 
5  4 cos 2 x
dx
  1  tan 2 x   cos 2 x 
1  tan 2 x
5 4  (1 M)
2
 1  tan x  1  tan2 x


1  tan x  dx
2

 1  tan 2 x  sec 2 x
5  5 tan 2 x  4  4 tan 2 x
sec2 xdx d
  tan x  sec 2 x (1 M)
tan 2 x  9 dx
put tan x  t  sec 2 xdx  dt (1 M)

dt dt
 2
 2 2 (2 M)
t 9 t 3
1 t dx 1 x
= .tan 1    c  2 2
 tan1  c
3 3 x a a a
1  tan x 
 .tan 1  c (2 M)
3  3 

dx
***61. Evaluate:  2  3cos 2 x (June-10)
dx
Sol. Given 
2  3cos 2 x
dx
  1  tan 2 x  1  tan 2 x
2  3  cos 2 x  (1 M)
2  1  tan2 x
 1  tan x 


1  tan x  dx
2

 1  tan 2 x  sec 2 x
2  2 tan 2 x  3  3 tan 2 x
sec 2 x dx d
  tan x  sec 2 x (1 M)
5 tan 2 x  1 dx
put tan x  t  sec 2 xdx  dt (1 M)

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dt 1 dt 1 dt
  5t 2
 
1 5 t2  1
 
5 2  1 2
t  (2 M)
5 
 5

1
t
1 1 5 c dx 1 x a
 . .log   log c
5  1  1 2 2
2 t x a 2a xa
 5
 5
1  5t  1  1  5 tan x  1 
 log    c  log    c (2 M)
2 5  5t  1  2 5  5 tan x  1 
x3
***62. Evaluate:   x  1  x 2
 1
dx (May-07)

x3
Sol. Given   x  1  x2  1
dx

x3 A Bx  c
Let  x  1  x 2  1  x  1  x 2  1 (1 M)

x3 A  x 2  1   Bx  c  x  1

 x  1  x 2  1  x  1  x 2  1
put x  1  4  A 2  0  A  2
x  3   A  B  x 2   C  B  x  AC
comparing like coefficients
A B  0 ; C  B 1 ; AC  3
A=2, B=-2, C=-1 (2 M)
x3 2  2 x  1
  
 
x  1 x 2
 1 x 1 x2  1 (1 M)

x 3  2  2 x  1  dx
  x 1  x 1 dx    x  1 
2
x2  1 


1 2x 1
= 2 dx   2 dx (2 M)
x 1 x 1
1 2x 1
= 2 dx   2 dx   2 dx
x 1 x 1 x 1
1 f '( x)
= 2 log x  1  log x 2  1  tan 1 x  c  
1  x2
dx  tan 1 x  c  f ( x)
dx  log f ( x)  c (1 M)

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***63. Evaluate  1  3x  x 2 dx (May-11)

Sol. Given  1  3x  x 2 dx

 2  3   3 2  3 2 
=   x  3x  1 dx   x  2   x       1 dx a 2  2ab  b2  (a  b)2 (1M)
2  
  2  2  2 

 3  13 
2
13  3
2

=   x     dx =    x   dx
 2 4  4  2
2 2
 13   3 x 2 2 a2 1 x
  2    x  2  dx   a2  x2 dx  a  x  sin c (2 M)
  2 2 a
2
3  13  
   3
x   13 
2 2
3  2  x 
2 
 .     x   
 sin 1  2 c
(2 M)
2  2   2 2  13 
 
 2 
2 2
2x  3  13   3  13 1  2 x  3 
 .     x    sin  c
4  2   2 8  13 
2x  3 13  2x  3 
 . 1  3x  x2  sin  1  c (2 M)
4 8  13 
dx
***64. Find  3cos x  4 sin x  6
dx
Sol. Given  3cos x  4 sin x  6
x 2dt d
t  tan  dx   tan x  sec2 x
2 1 t2 dx

x x
1  tan 2 2tan
1 t2 2t  cos x  2  sin x  2
cos x  , sin x  2 x x (2 M)
1 t2 1 t2 1  tan 1  tan2
2 2

2dt
I 1  t2
3 1  t 2  4.2t
 6
1 t2 1  t2
dt
 2 (1 M)
3  3t 2  8t  6  6t 2

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2 dt 2 dt
 
3  t2  8 t  3 3 t2  2 4 t   4    4   3
dt  2 2
 2 2
3t  8t  9      
3 3 3 3
2 dt
3   4 2  11 2

dx 1 x
  tan1  c (2 M)
t      2
x a 2
a a
 3  3 

 4
 t 
2 3 3 C 2  3t  4 
 . tan 1  tan 1 
3 11  11   C (2 M)
  11  11 
 3 

***65. Evaluate  3  8 x  3x 2 dx

Sol: Given  3  8 x  3x 2 dx
 8 
3  8 x  3 x 2  3  x 2  x  1 
 3 
 2 2
4 4 4
2

 3  x  2  x           1 
 3 3 3 
 
 4  16 
2
 4  25 
2
 25  4 
2

 3   x     1   3   x      3    x    (2M)
 3 9   3 9   9  3  
   
 25  4 
2
  5 2  4 
2

 3  8 x  3x 2  3    x     3      x   
 9  3    3   3  
 
2 2
5  4
  3  8 x  3x dx  3 
2
    x   dx (1 M)
3  3
x 2 a2 x
  a 2  x 2 dx  a  x 2  sin1    C
2 2 a
 4  4 
 x  3 25  2
4  25 1 
x  
3 C
3   x    sin  
=  2 9  3  18  5   (2 M)
  3 
  3x  4  3  8 x  3 x 2 25 1  3x  4  
3   sin     C
=   6  3 18  5 

 3x  4  2 25  3x  4 
=  3  8 x  3x  sin 1  C (2 M)
 6  6 3  5 

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dx
***66. Evaluate  1  x  3  2x  x2
on ( 1,3)

dx
Sol: Given 
1  x  3  2x  x2
1 1
working rule :  dx then put px  q 
 px  q  2
ax  bx  C t

1 1
Put 1  x   x  1  (1 M)
t t
1
dx  2 dt
t
2
2  1  1
3  2 x  x  3  2 1    1  
 t  t
2 1 2 4t  1
= 3  2  1 2  = 2 (1 M)
t t t t
1 1 1
 dx   dt
1  x  3  2 x  x
2
2
1 4t  1 t
t t2
1 1 1 1
 dt   dt 1 1
1
xn1
4t  1 t
2
2 1   2
 xndx  C
t     t   dt (2 M)
4 2  4 n 1
t2
1 1
1
 12  1 2
t t
1  4  1  4 
 C  C (1 M)
2 1  1 2 1
2 2
1
 1 1 2
   C (1 M)
 1 x 4 
4 1 x
 C
4 1  x 
1 3 x
 C (1 M)
2 1 x
dx
***67. Evaluate  on R
1  x4
1
Sol: Given  dx
1  x4
1 2

2 1  x4
dx

1 x2  1  x2  1
2
dx (1 M)
1  x4

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 lOMoARcPSD|37852059

1  x  1   x  1
2 2

2
dx
1  x4
1   x  1  x 2  1 
2

2   1  x4
 dx   dx 
1  x4 
 
Dividing the Nr & Dr with x 2

 1 1 
 1 2 1 2
1 x dx  x dx 
2   x2  1  2 1 
 (1 M)
x  2 
 x2 x 
 1 1 
 1 2 1 2 
1 x x 
2     1 2
2
dx  dx
1  (1 M)
 x  2 x  2 
  x  x 
1 1
Put x   t x  q
x x
 1   1  (1 M)
 1  2  dx  dt 1  2  dx  dq
 x   x 
 
1 1 1
 dt   dq 

    
2 2
2 t  2
2
q2  2
 
1 1 xa
 dx  log C
1 1  t  1 q 2  x2  a2 2a xa
 tan 1    log C 1 1 (1 M)
2  2 1 x
 2 2 2 q  2   x 2  a 2 dx  a tan a  C
1 1
x x  2
1 x  1 log x
tan 1 C
2 2 2 4 2 1 (1 M)
x  2
x
1  x2  1  1 x2  1  2 x
tan 1   log 2 C
2 2  x 2  4 2 x  1  2x
1  x2  1  1 x2  1  2 x n m
tan  1
 log 2 C  log    log   (1 M)
2 2  2x  4 2 x  1  2x m n

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 sin m1 x cos n1 x m  1

***68. If I m ,n   sin m x cos n xdx then show that I m,n   I m2,n , for a
mn mn
positive integer n and an integer m  2 .
Sol: I m ,n   sin m x cos n xdx   sin m1 x sin x cos n xdx
 d 
 sin m1 x  sin x cos n xdx    sin m1 x  sin x cos n xdx  dx (1 M)
 dx 
  fg  f  g   f ' g I LAT E

  cos x 
n 1
  cos n1 x 
 sin m1 x    m  1 sin m2 x cos x   dx (1 M)
n 1  n 1 
f ( x)n1
 f ( x) f ( x)n dx  C
n 1
 sin m1 x cos n1 x m  1 d n
   sin m2 x cos n x cos 2 xdx  x  nx n 1
n 1 n 1 dx
d
 sin m1 x cos n1 x m  1   sin x   cos x

n 1

n 1 
sin m 2
x cos n
x 1  sin 2
x  dx dx
cos 2 x  1  sin 2 x

 sin m1 x cos n1 x m  1 

sin m2 x cos n xdx   sin m x cos n xdx 
n  1 
 
n 1
 sin m1 x cosn1 x m  1
   I m2,n  I m,n  (2 M)
n 1 n 1 
 sin m1 x cos n1 x m  1 m 1
I m ,n   I m2,n  I m ,n (1 M)
n 1 n 1 n 1
 m 1   sin m1 x cos n1 x m  1
 1  I
 m ,n   I m2,n
 n 1  n 1 n 1
 n  1  m 1   sin n1 x cos n1 x m  1
 I
 m ,n   I m2,n (1M)
 n 1  n 1 n 1
 sin m1 x cos n1 x m  1
I m ,n   I m2,n (1 M)
mn mn
x 1
***69. Evaluate  dx
x2  x 1
x 1
Sol: Given  2
dx
x  x 1
 px  q  d
working rule :  dx then px  q  A
dx

ax 2  bx  c  B 
ax 2  bx  C
d 2
x 1  A
dx
 x  x  1  B (1 M)

 A  2 x  1  B  2Ax  A  B
equating like terms on both sides

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 lOMoARcPSD|37852059

1
2A  1 A 
2
A B 1
1 3
 B 1 B  (1 M)
2 2
1 3
 x  1   2 x  1 
2 2
1 3
x 1  2 x  1 
 x 2  x  1 dx =  2 2 2 dx (1 M)
x  x 1
1  2 x  1 3 1

2  2
x  x 1
dx  
2 2
x  x 1
dx (1 M)

3 dx
2
 x2  x  1  f | x
f x
2

2
1  3  dx  2
 x     f x (1 M)
 2  2 

 
 x1 
3  2 C dx x
 x 2  x  1  sinh 1    sinh  1
2  3  2 2 a (1 M)
  x a
 2 
 

3  2x  1 
 x 2  x  1  sinh 1  C (1 M)
2  3 

x 2 2 a 2 1  x 
***70  a 2  x 2 dx 
2
a  x  sin    c
2 a
Sol: L.H.S.=  a 2  x 2 dx

d
put x  a sin   dx  a cos d  sin x  cos x
dx

  a 2  x 2 dx   (a 2  a 2 sin 2  ) a cos  d (1 M)

1  cos 2 1  cos2 A
a2  cos2  d  a  d cos2 A 
2
(2 M)
2 2

a2 
  1d  cos 2  d
2
sin ax
  cos axdx  C
a2  sin 2  a 2  2 sin  cos   a
         (2 M)
2  2  2  2   k dx  kx  c

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a2  1 x x x2 
  sin  1 2  (1 M)
2  a a a 

x 2 2 a 2 1  x  x
 a  x  sin    c  sin   (1 M)
2 2 a a

1 n 1
**71. If I n   cosn x dx : then show that I n  cos n 1 x sin x  I n2 (J-2002)
n n
Sol: I n   cos n x.dx   cos n 1 x.cos x.dx

here f  cosn 1 x , g  cos x   fg  f  g   f  g

1
ILAT E

 cos n 1 x.sin x   sin x  n  1.cos n  2 x   sin x  dx   cos x dx  sin x  c (2 M)

d
 cos x   sin x
 cos n 1
x.sin x   n  1  cos n 2
x 1  cos x  dx 2 dx
sin 2 x  1  cos 2 x

 cosn 1 x.sin x   n 1  cosn2 x dx   n  1  cosn xdx (2 M)

 cos n 1
x.sin x   n  1 I n  2   n  1 In (1 M)
= I n 1  n  1  cos n 1
x sin x  n  1 I n 2 (1 M)
1 n 1
In  cos n 1 x sin x  I n2 (1 M)
n n
Evaluate  x sin xdx on ( 1,1)
1
**72.

 x sin
1
Sol: xdx

here f  sin1 x , g  x   fg  f  g   f ' g I LAT E

d  d 1
 sin 1 x  xdx     sin 1 x   xdx  dx  sin 1 x  (1 M)
 dx  dx 1  x2

(1 M)

(1 M)

(1 M)

(1M)

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 lOMoARcPSD|37852059

(1M)

(1 M)

**73. Evaluate
Sol:

here

= (2 M)

= (1 M)

here

= (2 M)

(1 M)
(1 M)

**74. Evaluate .

Sol:
Put (1 M)

= (1 M)

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= (2 M)

here

= (1 M)

= (1 M)

= (1 M)

**75. Evaluate

Sol: Given

(1 M)

Comparing on both sides

Solving (3) & (4) A C 1

1 0 -2 1
1 -1 1 1

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 lOMoARcPSD|37852059

(1 M)

(1 M)

Now,

(1 M)

Comparing like terms on both sides

= (1 M)

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 lOMoARcPSD|37852059

= (1 M)

(1 M)

*76.

Sol. Given

(1 M)

(1 M)

(1 M)

(1 M)

(1 M)

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 lOMoARcPSD|37852059

(1 M)

+c

+c (1 M)

*77. Evaluate

Sol. Given

Put (1 M)

(1 M)

(1 M)

(1 M)

(1 M)

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(1 M)

(1 M)

*78. Evaluate

Sol:

Let (1 M)

comparing on both sides

(1M)
subs in eqn (3)
solving (2) & (4) B C 1
1 -2 3 1
3 -3 -4 3

; . (2 M)

(1 M)

= (1 M)

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= (1 M)

= (1 M)

*79. Evaluate

Sol: Given

Let (1 M)

Comparing on both sides

(1M)
solving (2) & (3) eliminate C

Solving (2) & (4)

A B 1
1 -2 1 1
9 -2 -16 9

A, B sub in eqn (2)

= (1 M)

(1 M)

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= (2M)

= (1 M)

*80. Evaluate (May-12)

Sol. Given

x (1 M)
Comparing on bothsides coefficient of x and constant

(1 M)

= (1 M)

= (1 M)

= (2 M)

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 lOMoARcPSD|37852059

= (1 M)

DEFINITE INTEGRATION
1
log 1  x 
***81. Show that 0
1  x2
dx

sol. Put x = tan  dx = sec2  d

x = 0   = 0,

x=1= (1M)
4

/ 4
log 1  tan   .sec 2 d
I= 
0 1  tan   2

 /4
I  log 1  tan   d
0
--------(1)

(1M)

/4
 1  tan  
I  log 1  1  tan   d
0
(2M)

/4
1  tan   1  tan  
I  log 
0
1  tan   d


(1M)

/4
I   log 2  log 1  tan   d
0

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/ 4 /4
I  log 2  d 
0
 log 1  tan  d
0

I = log 2   0  I
/4
(1M)


2I   log 2 
4


I= log 2 (1M)
8

***82. Show that

Sol. Put  cos x  sin x  dx  dt

diff. w.r.to x
Also,  sin x  cos x   t 2
2

 sin x 2  cos 2 x  2sin x cos x  t 2

 1  sin 2x  t 2  1  t 2  sin 2 x (1M)

U.L x   / 4 L.L. x0
t  sin  / 4  cos  / 4 t  sin 0  cos 0
t=0 t = -1 (1M)
0 0
 /4
sin x  cos x dt 0
1 dt
 dx  1 9  16 1  t 2    25  16t 2 dt  1  5 2   4t 2 (2M)
0
9  16sin 2 x 1

0
 5  4t 
 log 
1 5  4t
  
2  5  4 
 
1

1  1 1  2

  log 1  log    log 3 (2M)
40  9  40  

1 1
  1 2  log 3  log 3 (1M)
40 20

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 /2
x 
***83. Show that  sin x  cos x
dx 
2 2
log  2 1 
0

 /2
x
Sol. Let A   sin x  cos x
dx ---------------(1)
0

 
 /2   x
2 
A      
dx (1M)
0 sin   x   cos   x 
2  2 

 
 /2  x
2  dx
  sin x  cos x
0

 /2  /2
 /2 x
A 
0
sin x  cos x
dx  
0
sin x  cos x
dx

( from (1)) (2M)

 /2
 1
2A 
2 0
sin x  cos x
dx

x 2dt 1 t2 2t
Put Tan  t , dx  and cos x  , sin x  (1M)
2 1 t2 1 t2 1 t2
L.L: x =0 t  Tan0  0
 
U.L: x  t  Tan 1
2 4
dt
1 2
 1  t2 
1
dt
A 
4 0 2t 1 t 2 
2  2
2
 2 0 2t  1  t
1 t 1 t

= (1M)

1
 1 2  t 1 
  log 
22 2 2  t  1 0

  2 1 
  log 
4 2 2  1 

 

4 2
2log  2 1   2 2
log  2 1  (2M)

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***84. Show that

Sol: Let ---------- (1)

A ----- (2) (1M)

adding (1) & (2)

(1M)

------------------------------------- (3)

x 2dt 1 t2 2t
Put Tan  t , dx  and cos x  , sin x 
2 1 t2 1 t2 1 t2

L.L: x=0 t  Tan0  0

 
U.L: x t  Tan 1 (1M)
2 4

(1M)

(1M)

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 lOMoARcPSD|37852059

(1M)

(1M)


x.sin x
***85. Show that  1  sin x dx
0

sol. Let ---------------(1)

(1M)


   x  sin x dx
=
0
1  sin x
  
 sin x x sin x sin x
A dx   dx A dx  A (Since from 1) (2M)
0
1  sin x 0
1  sin x 0
1  sin x
   
sin x  1  1
2A    dx   1   dx    dx    dx ------------(2) (1M)
0
1  sin x 0
1  sin x 0 0
1  sin x

Consider

(1M)

(1M)

2
substituting in (2), we get A   (1M)
2

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***86. Evaluate (May-11)

Sol. I= -----------(1)

= (Since from 1) (2M)

(1M)

(2M)

(1M)

(1M)

 x sin
7
***87. Evaluate x.cos 6 x dx .
0

Let A   x sin x.cos x dx -------------(1)

7 6
Sol.
0


A      x  sin 7    x  .cos 6    x  dx
0

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 
     x  sin 7 x.cos 6 x dx    sin 7 x.cos 6 x dx  A (Since from 1) (2M)
0 0

 

2A   sin 7 x.cos 6 x dx A  sin 7 x.cos 6 x dx (1M)
0
20

f  x   sin 7 x.cos6 x (1M)

  /2

 sin x.cos xdx  2  sin x cos xdx

7 6 7 6
(1M)
0 0

 /2
A    sin 7 x.cos 6 x dx
0

here

(2M)


x sin x
***88. Evaluate  1  cos
0
2
x
dx

I

x sin x
dx  
   x  sin    x  dx


sol. 2
1  cos 2    x 
0 1  cos x 0


   x  .sin x dx
  0
1  cos 2 x
 
sin xdx x sin xdx
   (2M)
0
1  cos x 0 1  cos 2 x
2

(1M)

(3M)

(1M)

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***89. Evaluate

Sol. Let ---------(1)

(Since from 1) (2M)

(1M)

Put

(1M)

(1M)

(1M)

(1M)

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x2 y2
***90. Find the area of the ellipse   1 . Also deduce the area of the circle x 2  y 2  a 2 .
a 2 b2
Ans.

(1M)

x2 y2
Equation of ellipse is 2  2 1
a b

b 2
y a  x2 (1M)
a

Area of

a
b  x a2  x2 a2 x
   sin 1 
a  2 2 a 
0

(3M)

sq. units

 
Area of the ellipse = 4Area of CAB  4  ab    ab sq. units (1M)
4 
Substituting b = a, we get the circle
x 2  y2  a 2
Area of the circle a(a) = a2 sq. units. (1M)

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***91. Find the area bounded between the curves y2 = 4x, y2 4(4 – x )
Sol. Equations of the curves are y2 = 4x … (1)
y2 = 4 (4-x) … (2)
Eliminating y, we get
4x = 4 (4-x)  2x = 4  x = 2
Substituting x =2 in equation (1), y2 = 8 y =  2 2 (1M)

(1M)

Points of intersection are

  
A 2, 2 2 , B 2, 2 2  (1M)
Required area is symmetrical about x -axis

2 4

Area OACB  2   2 xdx   2 4  xdx  (1M)
0 2 

(1M)

4 4 8 2 8 2   16 2  32 2
3
 3
  


 2  2 2  2 2  = 2 
 3
   2 
3   3 
 
3
sq.units (2M)

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***92. Find the area bounded between the curves

Sol. Equations of the given curves are
y 2  4ax .....…(1) & x 2  4by ............(2)
x2
From equation  2  y 
4b
2
 x2 
Substituting in (1)    4ax
 4b 
X4 = (16b2) (4ax)

x = 0, x = 4 (b2a)1/3 (2M)
Area bounded will be

(1M)

The required area (1M)

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(1M)

(2M)

/2
cos x
**93. Evaluate 
/2 1  e
x
dx

/2
cos xdx
Sol. I= 
/2 1  e
x -------------------(1)

(1M)

 /2
e x cos xdx
I 
 /2
1  ex
---------------(2) (1M)

Adding (1) and (2) we get

/ 2
cos x 1  e x 
2I  
 /2
1  ex
dx (2M)

/ 2
2I  
 / 2
cos x dx

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/ 2
2I  2  cos x dx ( cosx is even function)------ (2) (2M)
0

I  sin x 0
 /2

I=1 (1M)

**94. Prove that

sol. L.H.S.

Put x  a cos 2   b sin 2 

diff. w.r.to ‘ ’

dx   2a cos    sin    2b sin  cos   d

dx   a sin 2  b sin 2  d

(2M)

Now  a  cos 2   1  b sin 2 

  b  a  sin 2  (1M)

b  x  b  a cos 2   b sin 2 

 b 1  sin 2    a cos 2    b  a  cos 2  (1M)

U.L xb L.L. x  a
bx 0 xa 0
  b  a  cos   0
2

  /2   0 (1M)

(1M)

 /2  /2

  b  a  sin  .cos  .  b  a  2 sin  cos  d  2 b  a 

2

0

0
sin 2  .cos 2  d 

(1M)

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**95. Show that the area enclosed between the curves and is

sq. units.

Sol: .............(1), .............(2)

Point of intersection are (2M)

(1M)

Req. area =

= (1M)

(1M)

(1M)

(1M)

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**96. Let AOB be positive quadrant of ellipse with then show

that area bounded between chord AB and arc AB of ellipse is

Sol. Given ellipse is -----------(1)

(1M)

The ellipse (1) cuts the x-axis at A(a,0), A| (-a, 0) and y-axis at B(0,b) B|(0,-b)
Equation of the chord AB is

-------------------(2)

from(1),

(1M)

Equation of the arc AB is

from(2),

from the figure clearly,

Required area (1M)

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(1M)

(1M)

(2M)

**97. Find the area enclosed between the curves and .

Sol. Given -----------(1)
----------(2)
Solve (1) and (2)

(1M)
Also in

(1M)

(1M)

Required area (1M)

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(1M)

(1M)

(1M)

*98. Find the area enclosed between the curves y  x 2  1 , y  2 x  2 , x  1, x  2 (J-03)
Sol. Equation of the curves are
y = x2 + 1 ......…(1), y = 2x – 2 .......…(2)

(1M)

Upper curve f  x   x  1
2

Lower curve g  x   2 x  2

Area between the give curves (1M)

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 x 
2
  2x  3 dx (1M)
1

2
 x3 
   x 2  3x  (2M)
 3 1

8   1 
   4  6     1  3
3   3 
8 1
  2  4   3  6  9 sq. units (2M)
3 3
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
***99. Solve: (2x + y + 3) dx = (2y + x + 1)dy.

Sol. Given equation is ........ (1)

and

so, this is non-homogenious D.E.

Put (1M)

............................ (2)
Now choose ‘h’ and ‘k’, so that
.................. (3), ................... (4)

solve (3) and (4) (1M)

Now Eq. (2) reduced

...................... (5)

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put Y = VX

(1M)

(1M);

(1M)

(1M)

(1M)

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***100. Solve

Sol. Given equation is

----------------(1)

So, this is non-homogenious D.E.

Let , so that (1M)

from (1)

--------(2)
----------(3)
solve (2) and (3)

(1M)

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This is homogenious equation

so, put (1M)

diff. w.r.to ‘X’

from(1)

integrating bothsides

(1M)

(1M)

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(1M)

solution (1M)

***101. Solve:

Sol. Given equation is

put (2M)

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(3M)

(1M)

(1M)

***102. Solve

Sol. -----------------(1)

This is homogenious D.E.

put
diff. w.r.to ‘x’

(1M)

from(1)

(2M)
integrating both sides

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(2M)

then

(2M)

***103. Solve:

Sol. Given

(1M)

Put

(2M)

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(2M)

(1M)

(1M)

***104. Solve:

Sol.

(1M)

put (1M)

(1M)
It is linear differential equation in ‘v’
here

(1M)

The general solution is

(1M)

put (1M)

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The general solution is (1M)

***105. Solve: (Mar - 13)

Sol. (1M)

(it is linear differential equation in ‘x’) (1M)

here P=-1 ; Q=y+1
(1M)

The general solution is (1M)

(1M)

(1M)
(1M)

***106. Solve:

Sol. (1M)

Here P

(1M)

General Solution is (1M)

[ put then ] (1M)

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(2M)

(1M)

***107. Solve:

Sol. Given linear differential equation in ‘y’

here
(2M)

General Solution is (1M)

(3M)

(1M)

*** 108. Solve: .

Sol.

(2M) ;

(2M)

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(2M)

(1M)

**109. Solve

Sol. Given equation is

---------------(1) (1M)

Which is homogenious equation, since the numerator and denominator on the right are
homogenious functions each of the degree 2

put
diff. w.r.to ‘x’

(1M)
from (1)

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(2M)

integrating both sides

(2M)

(1M)

*110. Solve:

Sol. Given

Dividing bothsides

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(1M)

(2M)

This is a linear D.E. in t.

Where

(1M)

The G.S. is

(1M)

(1M)

(1M)

***

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SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (4 Marks)

CIRCLES
***1. Find the length of the chord intercepted by the circle x 2  y 2  x  3 y  22  0 on the
line y = x-3. (Mar - 2013, May-11)

Ans. Given circle S  x 2  y 2  x  3 y  22  0

1 9 1  9  88 98 7
 centre C = (1/2,-3/2) and radius r    22    (1M)
4 4 4 4 2

 1 3 
 d  perpendicular distance from  2 , 2  to the line x-y-3 = 0 (1M)
 

1 3  Perpendicular distance from  x 1 , y1 

 3
2 2 1 ax 1  by1  c
  to the line ax  by  c  0 is
1 1 2 a2  b2

Length of chord = 2 r 2  d 2

49 1 48
2  2 = 4 6 units (2M)
2 2 2  2 24
***2. Find the length of the chord intercepted by the circle x 2  y 2  8 x  2 y  8  0 on
the line x+y+1 = 0
Ans: Given circle S  x 2  y 2  8 x  2 y  8  0

 centre and radius of the circle S  x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 are C    g,  f  , r  g 2  f 2  c

centre of the circle (4,1) and radius r  16  1  8  5 (1M)

Given line is x+y+1 = 0
 d  perpendicular distance from (4,1 ) to the line x+y+1=0

 P erp en d icu la r dista n ce fro m  x 1 , y1 

4 11 a x 1  b y1  c
d 3 2 to th e lin e a x  b y  c  0 is (1M)
11 2 2
a b

 Length of chord AB  2 r 2  d 2

 2 25  18  2 7 units (2M)

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***3. Show that the tangent at (-1,2) of the circle x 2  y 2  4 x  8 y  7  0 touches the
circle x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  0 and find the point of contact. (June-10)
Ans. Given circles S  x 2  y 2  4 x  8 y  7  0 , S 1  x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  0
and point P(-1,2)
eqn of tangent at P(x1 ,y1 ) to the circle S = 0 is
 Equation of tangent to the circle S=0 at P(-1,2) is S1 0 S = xx +yy +g(x+x )+f(y+y )+c = 0
1 1 1 1 1

S1  xx1  yy1  2  x  x1   4  y  y1   7  0

S1  x  1  y  2   2  x  1  4  y  2   7  0
S1   x  2 y  2 x  2  4 y  8  7  0
=> -3x-2y+1 = 0 =>3x+2y-1 = 0 (1M)
To prove that 3 x  2 y  1  0 is tangent to the circle x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  0 perpendicular
i.e., to prove that r = d
centre of S | is C(-2,-3) and radius r  4  9  13

 P erp en d icu la r dista n ce fro m  x 1 , y1 

3  2   2  3  1 13
d   13 to th e lin e a x  b y  c  0 is a x 1  b y 1  c
9 4 13 a2  b2
r = d (2M)
 Let point of contact is (h, k) is foot of perpendicular from centre to tangent

 If foot of perpendicular from  x1 , y1  to the line

h  2 k  3   3(2)  2  3  1 13  ax1 + by1 + c 
    1 ax + by + c = 0 is  h,k  then
h - x1 k - y 1
= =-
3 2 94 13 a b a2 + b2

h2 k 3 h 2 k 3
  1  1, 1  h+2 = 3, k + 3 = 2  h = 1, k = - 1
3 2 3 2
 point of contact is (h,k) = (1,-1) (1M)
***4. Find equations of tangents to the circle x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  12  0 which are
parallel to x+y-8 = 0.
Ans. Given circle is S  x2  y2  4x  6 y 12  0 and line is x+y-8 = 0

 centre and radius of thecircle S = x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 are C =  -g, -f  ,r = g 2 + f 2 - c

centre and radius of circle C=(2,-3) , r  4  9  12  5 (1M)

Let equation of tangent is parallel to line x+y-8 = 0 is x+y+k = 0-------(1)
Equation (1) is tangent to the circle , then d = r
 d = perpendicular distance from centre C(2,-3) to line x+y+k = 0

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 P erp en d icu la r dista n ce fro m  x 1 , y1 

23 k k 1 a x 1  b y1  c
  to th e lin e a x  b y  c  0 is
11 2
a2  b2
 d=r (1M)
k 1
  5  k  1  5 2  k  1  5 2
2
 k  1  5 2 (2M)
 Equations of the tangents are x+y+1  5 2  0 .
***5. If a point P is moving such that the lengths of the tangents drawn from P to the
circles x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  12  0 and x 2  y 2  6 x  18 y  26  0 are in the ratio
2:3 then find the equation of locus of P. (M-09)
Ans. Given circles S  x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  12  0 and S 1  x 2  y 2  6 x  18 y  26  0
Let P( x1 , y1 ) be a locus of point

Length of tangent to circle S  0 from p  x1 , y1  is S 11 = x12 + y12 - 4x1 - 6y1 - 12 (1M)

Length of tangent to circle S| = 0 from p  x1 , y1  is S|11  x12  y12  6 x1  18 y1  26 (1M)

Given that the ratios of length of tangents are 2 : 3
S 11 2 S 4
  11|

S |11 3 S 11 9

 9 S 1 1  4 S |1 1 (1M)

=> 9  x12  y12  4 x1  6 y1  12  = 4  x12  y12  6 x1  18 y1  26 

 9 x12  9 y12  36 x1  54 y1  108  4 x12  4 y12  24 x1  72 y1  104

 5 x12  5 y12  60 x1  126 y1  212  0
 Locus of p  x1 , y1  is
 5x2  5 y2  60x 126 y  212  0 (1M)
***6. If the chord of contact of a point P with respect to the circle x 2  y 2  a 2 cut the
circle at A and B such that A 0 B  9 0 0 then show that P lies on the circle x2  y2  2a2
Ans. Given that equation of the circle is
S  x 2  y 2  a 2    (1)
Let p  x1 , y1  be any point

Equation of chord of contact of p  x1 , y1  is S1 = 0 (1M)

xx1  yy1
2   1    (2)
 xx1  yy1  a
2
a

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Homogeneous equation (1) with (2) we get combined equation of OA, OB as

 xx1  yy1 
2 2
 xx  yy 
x  y  a (1)
2 2 2 2  x 2  y 2  a 2  1 2 1   a2 (1M)
 a  a4

 a 2 x 2  a 2 y 2  x12 x 2  y12 y 2  2 x1 y1 xy   a2  x12  x2  2 x1 y1 xy   a2  y12  y 2  0

by data AOB  900
x 2  coefficent  y 2 coefficient  0  a2  x12  a2  y12  0  2a2  x12  y12
 The point p  x1 , y1  lies on the cirlce x 2  y 2  2 a 2 (2M)

***7. Find the angle between the tangents drawn from  3, 2  to the circle x 2  y 2  6 x  4 y  2  0
(Mar-12)
Ans. Given circle S  x  y  6 x  4 y  2  0
2 2

 centre and radius of thecircle S = x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 are C =  -g, -f  ,r = g 2 + f 2 - c

centre( g ,  f )   3, 2  & radius  r   g 2  f 2  c  9  4  2  15 (1M)

Given point p  x1, y1    3,2

θ r
If ' ' is angle between tangents drawn from P  x1 , y1  to S = 0 then Tan 2 = S
11

 15
Tan   15 (1M)
2 9  4  18  8  2

1  tan 2  / 2 1  15 7
 cos    
1  tan 2  / 2 1  15 8

7
  cos1   (2M)
8
***8. Find the locus of mid point of chord of contanct x 2  y 2  a 2 from the point lying on
the line lx  my  n  0 (M-2002,Jun-03)
Ans. Let P(h,k) be a point on the line lx  my  n  0
 lh  mk  n  0 ---------- (1) (1M)
polarof P(x1 ,y1 )tothecircleS = 0 is S1 = 0

Polar of P(h,k) w.r.to x 2  y 2  a 2 is hx  ky  a 2  0 -----------(2) (1M)

Let P  x1 , y1  be midpoint of chord of contact

Equation of chord having P  x1 ,y1  as midpoint is S1 = S11

 xx1  yy1   x1  y1   0 --------------(3) (1M)

2 2
 xx1  yy1  a 2  x12  y12  a 2

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(2) and (3) represents same line

x1 y1   x1  y1   a2 x1 a2 y1 
2 2

      2 2 2 2
h, k  ,
h h a 2  x1  y1 x1  y1 
substituting in equation (1),
 a 2 x1   a 2 y1 
l 2 2 
 m 2 2 
n0  a2  lx1  my1   n  x12  y12   0 (1M)
 x1  y1   x1  y1 

 Locus of P  x1 , y1  is a  lx  my   n x  y  0
2 2 2
 
***9. If the abscissae of points A,B are the roots of the equation x 2  2ax  b 2  0 and
ordinates of A, B are roots of y 2  2 py  q 2  0 , then find the euqtion of a circle for
which AB is a diameter..
Sol: Let A  x1, y1  , B  x 2 , y2 
x1, x 2 are the roots of x 2  2ax  b 2  0  x1  x 2  2a , x1x 2  b 2 (1M)
y1, y2 are the roots of y 2  2 py  q 2  0  y1  y2  2 p, y1y 2  q 2 (1M)

The equation of the circle with AB as diameter is  x  x1  x  x2    y  y1  y  y2   0

 x 2  y 2  x  x1  x2   y  y1  y2   x1x2  y1y2  0

 x 2  y 2   2a  x   2 p  y   b 2  q 2   0 (1M)

 x 2  y 2  2ax  2 py  b 2  q 2   0 (1M)

***10. Find the inverse point of (-2,3) w.r.t. circle x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  9  0 .

Ans. Given circle S = x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  9  0
and given point P(-2,3)
 centre of the circle S = x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is C =  -g, -f 
Centre of circle (2,3)
polarof P(x1 ,y1 )tothecircleS = 0 is S1 = 0 (1M)

 Equation of polar of P  2,3 w.r.to S  x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  9  0 is S 1  0

S1  x  2   y  3  2  x  2   3  y  3  9  0
 2 x  3 y  2 x  4  3 y  9  9  0  -4x+4 = 0 => x- 1 = 0 (1M)
Let Q(h, k) be a inverse point of P(-2,3)
Q is foot of perpendicular from the centre C (2,3) on the line x-1 = 0 (2M)

 If foot of perpendicular from  x1 , y1  to the line ax + by + c = 0

is  h,k  then
h - x1 k - y1
=
 ax + by + c
= - 1 2 12
a b a +b

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h  2 k  3   2 1 h 2 k 3 k 3
    3  h23 ,  3  h = 1, k = 3
1 0 1 1 0 0
 Inverse point Q(h,k) = (1,3)

**11. Show that the lines 2x+3y+11 = 0 and 2x-2y-1 = 0 are conjugate with respect to the
circle x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  12  0
Ans. Given that equation of circle S  x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  12  0
and equation of lines L1  2 x  3 y  11  0 , L2  2 x  2 y  1  0
where l1  2 m1  3 n1  11 a n d l 2  2; m 2   2; n 2   1 (2 M)
and 2g = 4, 2f = 6, c = 12  g = 2, f = 3, c = 12
radius r  4  9  12  1

 If the lines l1x +m1y + n1 = 0 andl 2 x +m2 y +n2 = 0 are conjugate w..r.to the circle
S = x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 then r 2  l1l 2 + m1m2  =  l1g +m1f - n1  l 2g + m2f - n2 

12   2  2   3  2     2  2   3  3  11  2  2   2  3  1

  4  6    4  9  11 4  6  1
=> -2 = (2) (-1)
=> -2 = -2 (2 M)
 Given lines are conjugate w.r.t to given circle.
**12. Show that the poles of the tangent of the circle x2  y2  a2 w.r.to the circle
 x  a2  y2  2a2 lies on the curve y 2  4 a x  0
Ans. Let P  x1 , y1  be the pole
Polar of P  x1 , y1  w.r.to circle  x + a  + y 2 = 2a2 is S1 = 0
2
(1M)
 xx1  a  x  x1   yy1  a 2

  x1  a  x  yy1   ax1  a 2   0 ---------(1) (1 M)

Polar (1) is a tangent to circle x 2  y 2  a 2
 rd

 P erp en d icu la r dista n ce fro m  x 1 , y1 

ax1  a 2
a a x 1  b y1  c
 x1  a 
2
 y12 to th e lin e a x  b y  c  0 is
a2  b2

x1  a
1
(1 M)
 x1  a 
2
 y12
Squaring on both sides

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2
x1  a
1   x1  a   y12  x1  a
2 2

 x1  a 
2
 y12

 x12  a 2  2ax1  y12  x12  a 2  2ax1  y12  4ax1  0

 P  x1 , y1  lies on y 2  4ax  0 (1 M)
**13. Find the pair of tangents drawn from P(3,2) to the circle x 2  y 2  6 x  4 y  2  0 (Apr-01)
Ans. Given circle is S  x 2  y 2  6 x  4 y  2  0 and point P(3,2)
Equation of the tangent to the circle S = 0 at P(3,2) is S1  0

S1  x  3  y  2   3  x  3  2  y  2   2  0  xx1 + yy1 + g  x + x1  + f  y + y1  + c = 0
 3x  2 y  3 x  9  2 y  4  2  0
=> S1  4 y  7  0 (1 M)

and S11   3   2   6  3  4  2  2  1
2 2
(1 M)
Pair of tangents to the circle S=0 drawn from P (3,2) is S12  SS11 (1 M)

  4 y  7   x2  y2  6x  4 y  2 1
2
 x12  y12  2 gx1  2 fy1  c  0

 16 y 2  49  56 y  x 2  y 2  6 x  4 y  2  0 (1 M)
 x2 15 y2  6x  60 y  51  0
**14. Find the equation of the circle which is touches the circle x 2  y 2  2 x  4 y  20  0
externally at (5,5) with radius 5 units.
Ans. Given circle S  x 2  y 2  2 x  4 y  20  0 and point of contact P(5,5)

centreand radiusof thecircleS = x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy +c = 0 areC=  -g,-f  ,r = g2 +f 2 - c

centre of given circle C1(1,2) radius of the given circle r1  1  4  20  5 (1 M)

Let centre of required circle is C2  ,   and its radius r2  5
 r1  r2
Point of contact is mid point of CC
1 2 
Mid point of c1c2  p

  1   2   x1 +x2 y1 +y2 
 ,    5, 5  Mid point of the line joining  x1 ,y1  and x2 ,y2  is  2 , 2 
 2 2 
 110,   2 10
 9,  8
 Centre of required circle c2  ,     9,8  and r = 5 (1 M)

 x     y     r 2   x  9   y  8  52
2 2 2 2
 Equation of cirlce is (2 M)
=> x 2  y 2  18 x  16 y  81  64  25  0 => x 2  y 2  10 x  16 y  120  0

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**15. Show that x+y+1 = 0 touches the circle x 2  y 2  3 x  7 y  14  0 and find the
point of contact . (May-09)
Ans. Given circle S  x 2  y 2  3 x  7 y  14  0 and line is L= x+y+1 = 0

centreand radiusof thecircleS = x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy +c = 0 areC=  -g,-f  ,r = g2 +f 2 - c

 3 7 
Centre of circle is C  , 
2 2 

9 49 9  49  56 58  56 1
radius r    14    (1 M)
4 4 4 4 2
 3 7 
Now, d = perpendicular distance from C  ,  to the line L  x  y  1  0
2 2 

 Perpendicular distance from  x 1 , y1 

3 7
 1
2 2 1 ax 1  by1  c
d  to the line ax  by  c  0 is (1 M)
11 2 a 2  b2
 r=d
 Line touches the circle
Let Q  h, k  be the point of contact
 3 7 
Point of contact  h, k  is foot of perpendicular from centre C  2 , 2  to the line L  x  y 1  0
 

 If foot of perpendicular from  x 1 , y 1  to the line ax + by + c = 0

is  h, k  then
h - x1 k - y 1
= =-
 ax1 + by 1 + c 
a b a2 + b2

h  3/ 2 k  7 / 2   3/ 2  7 / 2  1 1 3 1 7
   h  , k    h = 2 , k = -3
1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
 point of contact Q(h, k ) = (2,-3) (2 M)
**16. Find the equation of circle with centre (-2,3) having a chord of length 2 units on the
line 3x+4y+4 = 0. (Mar-11)
Ans. Given equation of the chord L=3x+4y+4 = 0 and centre of circle c = (-2,3)
Given length of chord is 2
 Length of chord made by the circle S  0
2
2 r d  2 2 (1 M)
on the line L  0 is AB  2 r 2  d 2
d = perpendicular distance from (-2,3) to the line 3x+4y+4 = 0 is

 Perpen dicu lar distance from  x 1 , y1 

3  2   4  3   4 ax 1  by 1  c
d to the line ax  by  c  0 is
9  16
a2  b2

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6  12  4
 2 (1 M)
5

 Length of chord 2 r 2  d 2  2  r2  4  1  r 2  4  1  r 2  5 (1 M)
 Equation of circle with center c(-2,3) and radius r  5

 x     y      x  2   y  3  5
2 2 2 2
 r2  x2  y2  4x  6 y  4  9  5  0 (1 M)
x2  y2  4 x  6 y  8  0
 Equation of circle is x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  8  0

*17. Find the equation of the circle passing through (0, 0) and makng intercepts 4, 3 on X-
axis and Y–axis respectively
Ans. The required circle x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0
passing through (0, 0) (1 M)
 c=0
intercept on X-axis is 4

 Thelengthofthe intercept made by the circle on x - axis is 2 g 2 - c

2
2 g c  4
The length of the intercept made by the circle on y - axis 2 f 2 - c

g  2 (1 M)
intercept on Y–axis is 3
2 f 2 c  3
3
f  (1 M)
2
:. The equation of circle is x 2  y 2  4 x  3 y  0 (1 M)

*18. Find the area of the traingle formed with coordinate axes and the tangent drawn
a point  x1 , y1  on the circle x 2  y 2  a 2

Ans. Given circle S  x 2  y 2  a 2 and given point is P  x1 , y1 

Equation of tangent at p  x1 , y1  to the circle is S  x2  y2 a2  0 is S1  xx1  yy1  a 2  0 (1 M)

a  2 2
c2
Requried area   Area of the triangle formed by the line ax + by + c = 0 with the axes is
2 ab
s.u. (1M)
2 x1 y1

a4

2 x1 y1 sq.units (2 M)

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*19. If P  x1 , y1  is the midpoint of a chord AB other than the diameter of the circle
x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 then the equation of chord is S1  S11
Ans. Given circle S  x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0
Centre of circle C   g ,  f  and midpoint of chord AB is P  x1 , y1 

y1  f
 Slope of CP is x  g  m (1 M)
1

1   x1  g 
 slope of chord A B = m   y  f 
1

-1
 Equation of mid of chord is  y - y 1  =  x - x1 
m

-  x1 + g 
 y - y1  =  x - x1  (1 M)
 y1 + f 
 y  y1  y1  f     x1  g  x  x1   yy1  fy1  fy  y12   xx1  x12  gx  gx1
 xx1  yy1  gx  fy  x12  y12  gx1  fy1 (1 M)
we adding on both sides gx1  yf1  c
=> xx1  yy1  gx  fy  gx1  fy1  c  x12  y12  gx1  fy1  gx1  fy1  c (1 M)
 xx1  yy1   x  x1   g  y  y1   c  x12  y12  2 gx1  2 fy1  c
 S1  S11

*20. Equation of the chord joining p 1  and Q 2  on the circle x2  y2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0

 1  2   1  2   1  2 
is  x  g  cos     y  f  sin    r cos   whrere r is radius of cirlce.
 2   2   2 
Ans. Given circle S  x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 centre C(-g,-f)
Let p 1     g  r cos1,  f  r sin 1  and Q1 2    g  r cos2 ,  f  r sin 2  be any
two points on the circle.
r  sin  2  sin 1 
m  Slope of PQ = r  cos   cos  
2 1

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          C+D C-D
2  cos  2 1  sin  2 1    sinC - sinD = 2cos   sin  
  2   2   2   2 

        C+D  D-C  (1 M)
2sin  2 1  sin  2 1  cosC - cosD = 2sin   sin  
 2   2   2   2 

  
cos  1 2 
 m  2 
  
sin  1 2 
 2 

 Equation of line joining P 1  and Q 1  is  y  y1   m  x  x1  (1 M)

   
 cos  1 2 
  y  f  r sin 1    2  x  g  r cos 
 1
(2 M)
 1   2 
sin  
 2 

             
  y  f  sin  1 2   r sin 1 sin  1 2     x  g  cos  1 2   r cos 1 cos  1 2 
 2   2   2   2 
          2   1   2 
  x  g  cos  1 2  +  y  f  sin  1 2   r cos 1 cos  1   r sin 1 sin  
 2   2   2   2 

cosAcosB + sinAsinB = cos  A - B 

           
  x  g  cos  1 2    y  f  sin  1 2   r cos  1 2 
 2   2   2 

*21. Prove that the tangent at (3,-2) of the circle x 2  y 2  13 touches the circle
x 2  y 2  2 x  10 y  26  0 and find its point of contact.
Sol: Tangent at (3,-2) to the circle x 2  y 2  13 is S1  0
Here  x1 , y1    3, 2  ; g  0; f  0; c  13
sub in S1  0  Equation of tangent S1 = xx1 + yy1 + g  x + x1  + f  y + y1  + c = 0
3 x  2 y  0  0  13  0
3 x  2 y  13  0 (1M)
If 3 x  2 y  13  0 touches x 2  y 2  2 x  10 y  26  0 then r  d
g = 1;f = -5;c = -26

r  1  25  26  52  2 13 r = g2 + f 2 - c

r  2 13 (1M)
d= perpendicular distance from c   1,5 to 3 x  2 y  13  0

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 P erp en d icu la r dista n ce fro m  x 1 , y1 

3  1  2  5 13 a x 1  b y1  c
d to th e lin e a x  b y  c  0 is
94
a2  b2
3  10  13 26
 =  52  2 13
13 13
r  d (1M)
 Line touche circle
Point of contact = Foot of perpendicular from c =  1,5 to 3 x  2 y  13  0
 If foot of perpendicular from  x1 , y1  to the line ax + by + c = 0

is  h,k  then
h - x1 k - y1
=
 ax + by + c
= - 1 2 12
a b a +b
h  1 k  5   3  10  13
   (1M)
30 2 13
h 1 k  5
  2  h  5; k  1
3 2
Point of contact =  5,1
*22. Find the value of k, if kx  3 y  1  0, 2 x  y  5  0 are conjugate lines with respect to
circle x 2  y 2  2 x  4 y  4  0 .
Sol: Given line is 2 x  y  5  0
here l  2; m  1; n  5
and given circle x 2  y 2  2 x  4 y  4  0
Here g  1; f  2; c  4
r= g2 + f 2 - c  1  4  4  3 (1 M)
The pole of the line 2 x  y  5  0 w.r.to cirlce x 2  y 2  2 x  4 y  4  0 is
 The pole of line lx + my + n = 0 with respect to circle
 2  9 1 9 
p  1  , 2   x2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is p   -g + lr 2 mr 2  (1M)
2  2  5 2  2  5 , -f + 
   lg + mf - n lg + mf - n 

 18 9
 1 ,2  
 9 9
 1 2,2 1
p   1,1 (1 M)
The point p   1,1 lies on kx  3 y  1  0
i.e. k  1  3 1  1  0 (1 M)
k  3  1  0
k=2

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*23. Find the equation of tangents of the circle x 2  y 2  10 at the points whose abscissae are 1.
Sol: Let the point on the circle  x1 , y1   1, y1  lies on x 2  y 2  10
 If  x 1 , y 1  lies on circle S = 0 then S 11 = 0 (1M)
2
y1  1  10
2
y1  9
y1  3 (1M)
 The points are 1,  3
Equation of tangent at p(x 1 , y 1 ) to the circle S = 0 is S1 = 0 S1 = xx1 + yy1 + g  x + x1  +f  y + y1  +c = 0
Equation of tangent at (1, 3) is x  3 y  10  0 (1M)
Equation of tangent at (1, -3) is x  3 y  10  0 (1M)
*24. Find the equation of circle which touches x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  12  0 at (-1,1) internally
with a radius of 2.
Sol: Given circle is x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  12  0

 centre and radius of thecircle S = x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 are C =  -g, -f  ,r = g 2 + f 2 - c

Centre C1  (2, 3) r1  4  9  12  25  5
Let the equation of required circle is S  x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 (1 M)
C2    g ,  f   ( x2 , y2 ), r2  2
The point (-1,1) divides C1C2 in the ratio r1:r2 externally
 The point p  x1 , y 1  divides c1c2 are in the m : n externally is
rx r x ry r y 
 (1,1)   1 2 2 1 , 1 2 2 1   mx 2 - nx1 my 2 - ny 1 
 r1  r2 r1  r2  p =  m - n , m - n 

 5 x  4 5 y2  6 
 (1,1)   2 ,  (1 M)
 3 3 
5x  4
1  2
3
5x  4 5y  6
1  2 1 2
3 3
3  5 x2  4 3  5 y2  6
1 3
x2  y2 
5 5
 C2  (1 / 5,  3 / 5)
(1 M)
r2  2

 1 
2
3
2  centre = (h,k), radius = r then
Equation of circle is  x     y    4 the equation of circle is (x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = r 2
 5  5
5 x 2  5 y 2  2 x  6 y  18  0 (1 M)

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SYSTEM OF CIRCLES
***25. Find the equation of the circle which is orthogonal to each of the following circles
x 2  y 2  2 x  17 y  4  0 , x 2  y 2  7 x  6 y  11  0 , x 2  y 2  x  22 y  3  0 .
(M-03,May-08,A-99)
Sol. The given circles are x 2  y 2  2 x  17 y  4  0 ---------- (1)
x 2  y 2  7 x  6 y  11  0 ------------ (2)
x 2  y 2  x  22 y  3  0 ------------- (3)
 Radical axis of S = 0,S' = 0 is S - S' = 0

Radical axis of (1) and (2)  1   2   0  5 x  11 y  7  0 ---------(4)

Radical axis of (1) and (3)  1   3  0 ,  3 x  5 y  1  0 ------------(5) (1 M)

Solve (4) and (5) x y 1
11 -7 -5 11
-5 1 3 -5
x y 1
     x, y    3, 2  (1 M)
24 16 8
The length of the tangent from (3,2) to the circle x 2  y 2  2 x  17 y  4  0

 Thelengthof tangent from P = (x1 , y1 )tothecircle

is S11  9  4  6  34  4 S = x2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is S = x2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c
11 1 1 1 1

 57 (1 M)
Let C=(3,2), r  57

 Equationof thecircle withcentreC(h,k) andradiusr is(x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = r 2

Hence, equation of the required circle is  x  3   y  2   57

2 2

 x 2  y 2  6 x  4 y  44  0 (1 M)

***26. Find the equation of the cir cle which cuts the cir cles x 2+y2-4x-6y+11=0 and
x2+y2-10x-4y+21=0 orthogonally and has the diameter along the straight line 2x+3y=7.
(May-07)
Sol. Let the required circle is x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 --------(1)

 center of the circle x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is (-g, -f)

centre (-g, -f) lies on 2 x  3 y  7
 2 g  3 f  7  0  2g  3 f  7  0 --------(2) (1 M)
 Orthogonal condition for the circles
x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 and x 2 + y 2 + 2g'x + 2f'y + c' = 0 is 2gg' + 2ff' = c + c'

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(1) cuts orthoganally with x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  11  0  2 g  2   2 f  3  c  11

 4 g  6 f  c  11  4 g  6 f  c  11 -------(3)
(1) cuts orthoganally with x 2  y 2  10 x  4 y  21  0  2 g  5   2 f  2   c  21
 10 g  4 f  c  21  10 g  4 f  c  21 --------(4) (1 M)
(3) - (4)  3 g  f  5  0 --------(5)
g f 1 g f 1
Solve (2) and (5),     
15  7 21  10 2  9 22 11 11
  g , f    2, 1 (1 M)
from (3)  8  6  c  11 c3
from (1), required equation of the circle is x 2  y 2  2   2  x  2   1 y  3  0
 x2  y 2  4 x  2 y  3  0 (1 M)
***27. Find the equation of circle passing through (0,0) and cuts the circles
x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  10  0 , x 2  y 2  12 y  6  0 orthogonally.. (J-05)
Sol. Let the equation of required circle be x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 --------(1) (1 M)

 Orthogonal condition for the circles

x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 and x 2 + y 2 + 2g'x + 2f'y + c' = 0 is 2gg' + 2ff' = c + c'

(1) is orthogonal with x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  10  0  2 g  2   2 f  3  c  10

 4 g  6 f  c  10  4 g  6 f  c  10 --------(2)
(1) is orthogonal with x 2  y 2  12 y  6  0  2g  0  2 f  6  c  6
 12 f  c  6  12 f  c  6 ------------------(3) (1 M)
(2) + (3)  4 g  6 f  4  2 g  3 f  2  0 ----------(4)
since (1) passes through (0,0)  c  0
from (3), 12 f  6  f  1/ 2
1
from (2), 4 g  6    10  4 g  3  10  4 g  7  g  7 / 4 (1 M)
2

2 2  7  1
 equation of the required circle is x  y  2  4  x  2  2  y  0  0
   
 2 x2  2 y 2  7 x  2 y  0 (1M)

***28. Show that the circles S  x 2  y 2  2 x  4 y  20  0, S  x 2  y 2  6 x  2 y  90  0 touch

each other internally. Find their point of contact and the equation of the common
tangent.
Sol. Given circles are S  x 2  y 2  2 x  4 y  20  0 (1)

S  x2  y2  6x  2 y  90  0(2)

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Let C1,C2 be the centres and r1 , r2 be the radii of the circles (1) & (2) then

 centre and radius of the circle x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0are C = (-g, -f),r = g 2 + f 2 - c

C1  (1, 2), C2  (3, 1)

r1  1  4  20  5, r2  9  1  90  10 (1 M)

 The distance betw een the two points

1  3   2  1
2 2
C1C2   16  9  5 (x , y ) and (x , y ) is  x 2 - x1 
2
+ y 2 - y1 
2
1 1 2 2

r1  r2  5  10  5  C1C2 If C1 C2 =| r1 - r2 |thenthetwocirclestouchesinternally

 The given two circles touches internally.. (1 M)
In this case, the common tangent is nothing but the radical axis.
Its equation is S - S| = 0
 x 2  y 2  2 x  4 y  20  x 2  y 2  6 x  2 y  90  0
 8x  6 y  70  0  4 x  3 y  35  0 (1 M)
The point of contact divivdes C1C2 in the ratio r1 : r2 = 5 : 10 = 1 : 2 externally..

Thepointwhichdividesthelinesegment joining(x1 ,y1 )

 1(3)  2(1) 1(1)  2(2)  mx -nx my -ny
 Point of contact =  1  2 , 1  2  and(x2 ,y2 )intheratiom:n externallyis 2 1 , 2 1 
   m-n m-n 

 5 5 
=  ,   5 , 5  (1 M)
 1 1 
***29. Show that the circles x 2  y 2  8 x  2 y  8  0 and x 2  y 2  2 x  6 y  6  0 touch each
other and find the point of contact. (March-2014)
Sol : Given circles are x 2  y 2  8 x  2 y  8  0 (1)
x 2  y 2  2 x  6 y  6  0 (2)
Let C1,C2 be the centres and r1 , r2 be the radii of the circles (1) & (2) then

Centreandradiusof thecirclex2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy +c = 0areC = (-g,-f),r = g2 +f 2 -c

C1  (4,1), C 2  (1,  3)

r1  16  1  8  3, r2  1  9  6  2 (1 M)

 The distance between the tw o points

 4  1  1  3
2 2
C1C2   9  16  5 (x , y ) and (x , y ) is  x 2 - x1 
2
+ y 2 - y1 
2
1 1 2 2

r1  r2  3  2  5  C1C2  If C1 C2 = r1 + r2 thenthetwocirclestouchesexternally
 The given two circles touches externally. (1 M)

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The point of contact divivdes C1C2 in the ratio r1 : r2 = 3 : 2 internally. (1 M)

Thepoint whichdividesthelinesegment joining(x1 ,y1 )

 3(1)  2(4) 3(  3)  2(1) 
 Point of contact =  3  2 , 3  2  and(x2 ,y2 )intheratiom: n internallyis  mx2 +nx1 , my2 +ny1 
  m+n m+n 

 11 7 
=  ,  (1 M)
 5 5 

**30. If the straight line represented by x cos   y sin   p intersects the circle x 2  y 2  a 2
at the points A and B, then show that the equation of the circle with AB as diameter is

x 2
 y 2  a 2   2 p  x cos   y sin   p   0 .

Sol. Given circle is S  x 2  y 2  a 2  0 and the line L  x cos   y sin   p  0

Equation of the circle passing through A,B is S + λL = 0 (1 M)
  x 2  y 2  a 2     x cos   y sin   p   0

  cos   sin  
Centre of the circle is  ,  centerof thecirclex2 +y2 +2gx+2fy+c = 0is(-g,-f)
 2 2 

which lies on the diameter AB (1 M)
  cos     sin  
  cos     sin   p
 2   2 


2
 cos 2   sin 2    p


 1  p    2 p (1 M)
2
2 2 2
 
 Required equation of the circle is x  y  a  2 p  x cos   y sin   p   0 (1 M)
**31. If two circles x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  0 and x 2  y 2  2 g | x  2 f | y  0 touch each other then
show that f | g  g | f
Sol. For the circle S  x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  0  (1)

centre c1    g ,  f  ;
For the circle S  x2  y 2  2 g| x  2 f | y  0  (2)

centre c2    g | ,  f |  ; (1 M)

C1 C2
O
since there is no constant term in the equations (1) & (2) then the two circles passes
through origin and hence the circles touch each other at the origion O(0, 0) (1 M)

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 The points C1 , O , C2 are collinear

 slope of OC1 = Slope of OC2 (1 M)

0  f 0  f 1 Slope of the line joining x , y and x , y is y2 - y1

   1 1  2 2
0  g 0 | g 1 x2 - x1

f f1
  1  fg 1  f 1 g (1 M)
g g
**32. Show that the circles x 2  y 2  2ax  c  0 and x 2  y 2  2by  c  0 touch each other if
1 1 1
 
a2 b2 c
Sol. For the circle x 2  y 2  2ax  c  0

Centreandradiusof thecirclex2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy +c = 0areC = (-g,-f),r = g2 +f 2 -c

centre C1=(–a,0), radius r1  a 2  c

For the circle x 2  y 2  2by  c  0

centre C2=(0, –b), r2  b 2  c (1 M)

The given two circles are touch each other
if C1C2  r1  r2 conditionfor twocirclesaretoucheachother isC1C2 = r1 ± r2
s.o.b.s, (1 M)

 a ±b = a2 +b2 ± 2ab

2
C1C2 2  r12  r2 2  2r1r2

a 2  b2  a 2  c  b2  c  2 a 2  c b2  c
 2c  2 (a 2  c)(b 2  c)

C   ( a 2  c )(b 2  c ) (1 M)
s.o.b.s
 c 2  (a 2  c)(b2  c)
 c 2  a 2b 2  a 2 c  b 2 c  c 2
a2  b2 1 1 1 1
 c(a  b )  a b  2 2 
2 2 2 2
 2 2  (1 M)
ab c a b c
**33. Find the equation of the circle passing through the points of intersection of the circles
x 2  y 2  8 x  6 y  21  0 , x 2  y 2  2 x  15  0 and (1,2).
Sol. Given circles are x 2  y 2  8 x  6 y  21  0 (1)
x 2  y 2  2 x  15  0   (2)
Equation of the Circle passing through the point of intersection of (1) and (2) is S   L  0 ,
where  is the paramater

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 Equation of the circle passing through the point

x2  y 2  8x  6 y  21    x2  y 2  2x 15  0 of intersection of S = 0 and S' = 0 is S + λS' = 0 (1M)

if it passes through 1, 2  then

 1  4  8  12  21   1  4  2  15   0
1
 6    12   0   (2 M)
2
Equation of the required circle is
1 2
x 2  y 2  8 x  6 y  21 
2
 x  y 2  2 x  15   0
i.e., 3  x 2  y 2   18 x  12 y  27  0  x 2  y 2  6 x  4 y  9  0 (1 M)
*34. Find the equation of the circle passing through the intersection of the circles
x y
x 2  y 2  2ax and x 2  y 2  2by and having its centre on the line   2 .
a b
Sol. Given circles are
S  x2  y2  2ax  0 .............1 , S1  x2  y2  2by  0 ............. 2
Equation of the common chord is S  S 1  0
L  ax  by  0 (1 M)
Equation of the Circle passing through the point of intersection of (1) and (2) is S   L  0 ,
where  is the paramater..
 Equation of the circle passing through the point
x 2  y 2  2ax    ax  by   0 of intersection of S = 0 and S' = 0 is S + λS' = 0

 x 2  y 2  2ax   ax  by  0  x 2  y 2   2a   a  x  by  0 (1 M)

 2a   a  b 
C  ,   center of the circle x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is (-g, -f)
 2 2 
By data
x y
centre lies on  2
a b
2a   a  b
  2
2a 2b
2 
  2
2 2
 2  2  4  2  2    1 (1 M)
Equation of the required circle is x 2  y 2  2ax  1 ax  by   0
 x 2  y 2  3ax  by  0 (1 M)

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*35. Find the equation and length of the common chord of two circles
S  x 2  y 2  3 x  5 y  4  0 and S |  x 2  y 2  5 x  3 y  4  0
Sol: The common chord of two intersecting circles is their radical axes
 the equation of common chord is S  S '  0 commonchordof S = 0,S' = 0 is S - S' = 0
i.e x  y  0   (1) (1 M)
the centre of the circle S = 0 is

 centre and radius of the circle x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0are C = (-g, -f),r = g 2 + f 2 - c

 3 5 3
C1    ,   and radius r1  (1 M)
 2 2 2
Let d = length of the perpendicular from C1 to the line (1)

3  5
  
 P erpen d icu lar distan ce from  x1 , y1 
2  2 1 ax 1  b y 1  c
  to th e lin e ax  by  c  0 is (1 M)
1   1
2 2
2 2
a b 2

9 1
Length of the common chord AB = 2 r12 -d2  2  4 (1M)
2 2
*36. Find the equation of the circle passing through the origin having its center on the line
x+y=4 and intersecting the circle x 2  y 2  4 x  2 y  4  0 orthogonally..
Sol. Let the required circle is x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 --- (1)
It is passing through origin then c = 0 (1 M)
Center   g ,  f  lies on the line x + y = 4 then -g -f = 4 i.e., g + f + 4 = 0 ---- (2)

Orthogonal condition for the circles

x2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 and x2 + y 2 + 2g'x + 2f'y + c' = 0 is 2gg'+ 2ff' = c + c'

Equation (1) cuts orthogonally to the circle x 2  y 2  4 x  2 y  4  0

Then 2 g  2   2 f  1  c  4
4 g  2 f  4  c  0  (1 M)
2 g  f  2  0 ------ (3)
Solving 2 and 3, g f 1
1 4 1 1
-1 2 2 -1
g f 1
 
6 6 3
g = -2, f = -2 (1 M)
Substitute in equation(1)
x 2  y 2  4 x  4 y  0 is required equation of circle (1 M)

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*37. Show that the common chord of the circles x 2  y 2  6 x  4 y  9  0 and

x 2  y 2  8 x  6 y  23  0 is the diameter of the second circle and also find its length.
Sol. Let S  x 2  y 2  6 x  4 y  9  0
And S 1  x 2  y 2  8 x  6 y  23  0
 The equation of the common chord of the circles S = 0 and S 1 = 0 is S - S 1 = 0

The equation of the common chord is S  S 1  0

 2 x  2 y  14  0
 L  x y7  0 ……….(1) (1 M)

 centre and radius of the circle x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0are C = (-g, -f),r = g 2 + f 2 - c

For S1 = 0, centre C2   4, 3 , radius r2  16  9  23  2 (1 M)

Sub : C2  4,3 in (1)

L.H.S = 4 + 3 - 7 = 0 = R.H.S
 C2  4,3 lies on (1)
Hence the common chord of S  0 sand S 1  0 is the diameter of S 1  0 (1 M)
Length of the common chord = 2r2  2 2 (1 M)

ELLIPSE
***38) Find the length of the majoraxis, minoraxis, latus rectum, eccentricity, coordinates
ofcentre, foci and the equation of directrices of the ellipse x²+2y²-4x+12y+14=0
(MAY-07)

Sol) Given equation of ellipse is x² + 2y² - 4x + 12y + 14 = 0  x 2  4 x  2 y 2  12 y  14

 x 2  2.2.x  2( y 2  6 y )  14

 x 2  2.2.x  4  2( y 2  2.3. y  9)  14  4  18

( x  2)² ( y  3)²
 (x-2)² + 2(y+3)² = 8   1
8 4

(x - h) 2 (y - k) 2
which is of the form + =1
a2 b2

 a² = 8, b² = 4  a  2 2, b  2  a  b (2M)

a2 -b2 84 4 1
(i) centre =  h,k  = (2, -3) (ii) Eccentricitye = 2
  
a 8 8 2


(iii) vertices =  h ± a, k  = 2  2 2,  3 

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 1 
(iv) Foci =  h ± ae,k  =  2  2 2 , 3  = (2 ± 2, -3) = (4,-3), (0,-3)
 2 

(v) Length of major axis = 2a  4 2

(vi) Length of the minor axis = 2b = 4

2b2 24
(vii) Length of the latusrectum =   2 2
a 2 2

a
(viii) Equations of the directrices are x = h ±
e

2 2
 x  2  2  4  6, 2  x  6 & x  2
 1  
 
 2
***39. Find the eccentricity, coordinates of foci, length of the latuc rectum and equation of
directrices of the ellipse
i) 9x2+16y2-36x+32y-92=0 ii) 3x2 + y2 - 6x - 2y -5 = 0

Sol) Given equation of ellipse 9x² + 16y² - 36x + 32y - 92 = 0

 9(x² - 4x + 4) + 16(y² + 2y + 1) = 92 + 36 + 16
2
 x  2  y   1 
2

 9(x-2)² + 16(y+1)² = 144   1

16 9

(x - h)2 (y - k)2
which is of the form + =1
a2 b2
 a²= 16 , b² = 9,  a = 4, b = 3  a > b (2M)

a2 - b2 16  9 7
(i) centre of ellipse (h,k) = (2,-1) (ii) Eccentricity e = 2
 
a 16 4

7
(iii) Foci = (h ± ae,k) = (2 ± 4. ) = (2± 7 ,-1)
4

2b2 2 9  9
(iv) Length of Latusrectum =  
a 4 2

a 4 4
(v) Eq. of directrices are x = h ±
e
=2±
7
  7 x  2 7  16   

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(ii)Sol. Given ellipse 3 x 2  y 2  6 x  2 y  5  0

 3x 2  6 x  y 2  2 y  5
 3  x 2  2 x  1   y 2  2 y  1  5  3  1

 3  x  1   y  1  9
2 2

 x  1  y  1
2 2

  1 (2M)
3 9

 x - h  y -k 
2 2

comparing with + = 1  b>a 

a2 b2
we get, a 2  3, b 2  9 ,  h, k   1,1  a  3, b  3 ba

b2 - a2 93 6 2
Now e =   
b2 9 9 3

 2
Foci =  h,k ± be   1,1  3   1,1  6
3 
 


2a 2 2 3
Length of latusrectum =  2
b 3

b 3 3
Equation of directrices Equation of directrices y = k ±
e
 1
2
 2y   2 3 3  (2M)

***40) Find the eccentricity, coordinates of centre, foci, length of major axis, minor axis,
latusrectum, coordinates of centre and equations of directrices of the ellipse

4x² + y² -8x +2y +1= 0 (MAR-10, MAR-11)

Sol) Given ellipse is 4x² + y² - 8x + 2y + 1 =0

 4 x 2  8 x  y 2  2 y  1  4  x 2  2 x   y 2  2.1. y  1

 4  x 2  2.1.x  1  y 2  2.1. y  1  1  4  1

2
 x  1  y   1 
2

 4(x-1)² + (y+1)² = 4   1 (2M)

1 4

 x-h +  y-k
2 2

which is of the form =1  a² = 1, b² = 4  a = 1, b =2  a < b

a2 b2

b2 - a2 4 1 3
(i) Centre = (h,k) = (1,-1) (ii) Eccentricity e =  
b 2 2

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(iii) Vertices = (h,k ± b) = (1, -1 ± 2) = (1,1), (1,-3) (iv) Foci = (h, k ± be) = (1,-1± 3 )

(v) Length of the major axis = 2b = 2(2) =4

(vi) Length of the minor axis = 2a = 2(1) = 2

2a2 2(1)
(vii) Length of the latusrectum =  =1
b 2

b 4 4
(viii) Equations of the directrices are y = k ±  y = -1 ±  y 1   (2M)
e 3 3
***41) Find the equation of the ellipse whose focus in (1, -1), e = 2/3 and directrix is
x  y  2  0 . (MAR-05, MAY-08)
Sol. Focus S = (1,-1), e = 2/3, directrix is x + y + 2 = 0

SP
Let P (x,y) be any point on the ellipse  e  SP  eP M (1M)
PM

 P erp en d icu la r dista n ce fro m  x 1 , y1 

2 x+y+2 a x 1  b y1  c
 x-1   y  1
2 2
  to th e lin e a x  b y  c  0 is (1M)
3 2 2 2
a b

squaring on bothsides and cross multiply

 9  x  1   y  1   2  x  y  2 
2 2 2
 

 9x ²  2 x  1  y ²  2 y  1  2x ²  y ²  4  2 xy  4 y  4 x 

 7 x ²  4 xy  7 y ²  26 x  10 y  10  0 (2M)
***42) Find the equation of tangent to the ellipse 2x²+y²=8 which is parallel and
perpendicular to x-2y-4=0. (J-05, M-06, 08, MAY-08)

x2 y2
Sol. Given ellipse is 2x² + y² = 8    1 where a 2  4, b 2  8.
4 8

1
Slope of the line x-2y-4 = 0 is m1  (1M)
2

1
(i) Slope of required tangent = slope of given line m 
2

x2 y2
Equation of tangent to the ellipse 2 + 2 = 1 is y = mx ± a2m2 +b2
a b

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1 1 1
x 4 8  x 3 = (1M)
2 4 2
The required equation of tangents is 2y - x ± 6 = 0  x - 2y ± 6 = 0
(ii) The slope of the line  to given line = m = -2, (1M)

The equation of tangent y = mx ± a²m² + b²

 y = -2x  4  4  8  y  2 x  24  2x + y ± 24 = 0 (1M)

x2 y2
***43)If the line y = mx + c touches the ellipse   1 then prove that c² = a²m²+b² (a>b).
a2 b2
(J-02, 06)

x² y²
Sol. Suppose y = mx + c --- (1) is a tangent to the ellipse  1
a² b²

xx1 yy1
Let P(x1,y1) be the point of contact, then equation of the tangent at P is + -1 = 0.....(2) (1M)
a² b²
Now (1) and (2) represent the same line

 x1   y1 
 2   2  1 x1 y 1 a 2m b2
a   b    2
 12   x1  , y1  (2M)
m 1 c a m b c c c

‘P’ lies on the line y = mx + c  y1 = mx1 + c

b²  a ² m 
 = m c  b² = -a²m²+c²  c² = a²m² + b². (1M)
c  c 

x2 y2
***44) If P is a point on the ellipse 2  2  1 whose foci S and S | then show that
a b
SP  S | P  2a (constant). (MAR-13)

x2 y 2
Sol. Given equation of the ellipse is given as   1  a  b
a2 b2

Let S,S’ be the Foci and ZM, Z | M | be the corresponding directrices. Join SP and S | P .
Draw PL perpendicular to x-axis and MM | be perpendicular to the two directrices

P  x, y 
M1 M

X 1
C A X
Z 1 A1 S1 S L Z
(1M)

Y1

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a 
By the def.,of conic SP= ePM  SP= e(LZ)  e  CZ  CL   e   x   a  xe (1M)
 e 

 a
Also, S | P  ePM |  e  LZ |   e  CL  CZ |   e  x   = a  xe (1M)
 e

 SP  S | P  a  xe  a  xe

 SP  S | P  2a  constant   Length of the major axis (1M)

***45)Show that the points of intersection of the perpendicular tangents to the ellipse lies
on the circle (Director circle). (MAR-03, MAY-11)
Sol. Let P (x1,y1) be a point in the locus

If this tangent passes through ‘P’ then y1= mx1 ± a²m² +b² (1M)

 (y1-mx1) = ± a ² m²  b²  (y1 - mx1)² = a²m² + b²  y1² + m²x1²- 2x1y1m = a²m²+b²

 ( x12 - a²)m² - 2x1y1m +(y1² - b²) =0 ------ (1) (1M)

If m1, m2 are the slopes of the tangents drawn from ‘P’ to the ellipse then m1 , m2 becomes
the roots of (1)
2 x1 y1 y ²  b²
 m1  m2  , m1m2  1 (1M)
x1 ²  a ² x1 ²  a ²

-b
For theEquationax2 +bx+c =0, let therootsbe x1 ,x2 Thesumof theslopes x1 + x2 =
a
c
and theproductof theslopes x1x2 =
a

 The tangents are perpendular to each other  m1m2 = -1

y1 ²  b ²
 x ²  a ²  1  y12  b2   x12  a 2  x1² + y1² = a² + b²
1

 The point of intersection P(x1, y1 ) lies on the circle x² + y² = a² + b² (1M)

***46. Find the equation of the ellipse referred to it’s major and minor axes as coordinates
axes x,y respectively with latus rectum of length 4 and distance between foci 4 2 .

Let the equation of the ellipse x + y = 1

2 2
So.
2 2
a b

2b 2
Length of latusrectum = = 4  b 2  2a (1M)
a

Distance between foci s =  ae,0 & s| =  -ae,0 is 2ae  4 2  ae  2 2 (1M)

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b 2 = a 2 1 - e 2   2a  a 2   ae   a 2  8
2
but

 a 2  2a  8  0   a  4  a  2   0  a  4  a  0
but b 2  2a  2  4  8 (1M)
x2 y 2
 Equation of ellilpse is  1 (1M)
16 8
***47. Find the equation of the ellipse in the standard form such that distance between foci is
8 and distancebetween directrices is 32.
Sol. Given distance between foci is 8.
Distance between directrices is 32 i.e. 2ae  8  ae  4

 Distance between the foci S  ae, 0  & S 1  -ae, 0  is 2ae and

2a a
 32   16 the distance between the directrices z  a , 0  andz 1  -a , 0  is 2a (1M)
e e    
e   e  e

a
Now  ae     4  16  64  a  64
2
a 8 (1M)
e
 

Now b2  a 2  a 2e2  64  16  48 (1M)

x2 y 2
 Equation of the ellipse is  1 (1M)
64 48

 x  h y k
2 2

***48. Find the equation of the ellipse in the form  1

a2 b2
given the following data
(i) centre (2, –1), one end of the major axis (2, 5), e  1/ 3
(ii) center (4, 1) , one end of the major axis (1, 1) and passes through (8, 0)
(iii) center (0, 3), e  2 / 3 semi minor axis 5
(iv) center (2, 1), e  1/ 2 , length of latus rectum 4
Sol. (i) Given centre  2, 1  h  2 and k  1 (1M)

End of the major axes  2, 5 

b=distance from centre  2, 1 to  2, 5    2  2    5  1

2 2
  4 
2
4 (1M)

 1  128
a 2  b 2 1  e 2   16 1    (1M)
 9 9

 x  2  y  1
2 2

 1
 Equation of the ellipse is 128 16 (1M)
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(ii) Given centre (4, 1)

one end of the major axis (1, 1) and passes through (8, 0)

 4  1   1  1
2 2
Now a   52  5 (1M)

 x -h y - k  x  4  y 1
2 2 2 2

Now The equation of the ellipse + =1  1 (1M)

a2 b2 25 b2
and passing through  8,0 

8  4  0  1
2 2
1 16 9
i.e.  2
1 2
 1  (1M)
25 b b 25 25
Eq.of theellipsewithcentresc  h,k  and
 x  4 9 y 1
2 2

 x-h  y -k
2 2
 Required equation of the ellipse is  1 (1M)
25 25 axisisparalleltox-axisis 2 + 2
=1
a b

2
(iii) center  0, 3 , e 
3
and semi minor axis 5 i.e. b =5 (1M)

b 2 = a 2 1 - e 2   a > b 
4 5
 b2  a 2  a 2e 2  25  a 2  a 2    a 2  
9 9
 a 2  45 (1M)

 x  0  y  3 x 2  y  3
2 2 2

 Equation of the ellipse is  1   1 (2M)

45 25 45 25

1
(iv) Given centre  2, 1 , e 
2
2b2
Length of latusrectum is 4   4  b2  2a --------------(1) (1M)
a
21 3 2 3 2
Now b  a  a e  b  a  a    a  2a  a  from 1 
2 2 2 2 2 2
(1M)
4 4 4
8 64 16
 a  a2   b2  (1M)
3 9 3

9  x  2  3  y  1
2 2

 Equation of the ellipse is  1 (1M)

64 16

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***49. Find the equations to the tangents to the ellipse x 2  2 y 2  3 drawn from the point
(1, 2) and also find the angle between these tangents
x2 y2
  1
Sol. Equation of the ellipse x  2 y  3
2 2
3 3
2
suppose m is the slope of the tangent and it passes through 1, 2 

Equation of tangent is y  2  m  x  1
 y  2  mx  m  y  mx   2  m  (1M)
Now the condition for tangency is c2 = a 2m 2 + b 2
3 3 5
  2  m  3 m 
2 2
 4  m 2  4m  3m 2   2m 2  4 m  0
2 2 2
1 5
 4m 2  8m  5  0   2m  1 2m  5  0 m  or  m 
2 2
1
case(i): for m 
2
1 1 x 3
Equation of tangent is y  mx  2  m = x2  
2 2 2 2
 2y  x  3  x  2y  3  0 (1M)
5
case(ii): for m 
2
Equation of tangent is
5  5  5 9
y  mx  2  m  x 2   x   2 y  5 x  9  5 x  2 y  9  0 (1M)
2  2 2 2

m1 - m2
Angle between the tangents is tanθ =
1+ m1m2

1 5

2 2 3
   12  12
 1  5  1  5 (1M)
1    
 2  2  4

   Tan 1 12 

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***50. Show that the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the center on any tangent to the
ellipse lies on the curve ( x 2  y 2 ) 2  a 2 x 2  b 2 y 2

x2 y2
Sol. Equation of ellipse  1
a2 b2
x2 y 2
Eq.of tangent with slope'm'to the ellipse + = 1 is y = mx ± a 2m 2 + b 2 ----(1)
a2 b 2
Now the perpendicular equation drawn from the centre (0, 0) to the elipse is
1
y0    x  0   my  x  0 -----(2) (1M)
m
Let P  x1 , y1  be the point of intersection of (1) and (2)

 y1  mx1   a 2 m2  b 2 -------(3) (1M)

and my1  x1  0 --------(4)

 a + b  = a 2 + b 2 + 2 a b
2

Now  3   4    y1  mx1    x1  my1   a 2 m 2  b 2

2 2 2 2

a - b 
2
= a 2 + b 2 - 2ab

 x12  m 2 y12  2mx1 y1  y12  m 2 x12  2mx1 y1  a 2 m2  b2

 x12 1  m2   y12 1  m2   a2 m2  b2 -------(5) (1M)

 x1
Now from (4) m  y substitute in (5)
1

 x2  a2 x2
  x12  y12  1  12   21  b 2
 y1  y1

x  y12  a x  b 2 y12 
2 2 2 2
1 1
 
y12 y12

  x12  y12    a 2 x12  b 2 y12 

2

 Locus of the point p  x1 , y1  is ( x 2  y 2 ) 2  a 2 x 2  b 2 y 2 (1M)

***51) Find the condition for the line
x2 y2
(i) lx  my  n  0 to be a tangent to the ellipse 2  2  1
a b
x2 y2
(ii) lx  my  n  0 to be a normal to the ellipse 2  2  1
a b
x2 y2
Sol: i) Let lx  my  n  0 be a tangent at P     a cos  , b sin   on the ellipse  1
a2 b2
 x = acosθ, y = bsinθarecalled parametriceq.of theellipse

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 Equation of the tangent at P  θ  =  acosθ,bsinθ 

x2 y 2 xcosθ ysinθ
on the ellipse 2 + 2 = 1 is + =1
a b a b
is same as the line lx  my   n
Then comparing the coefficients
cos  sin  1 al
   cos    ------(1) (1M)
al bm n n
bm
sin   ------(2) (1M)
n
a 2l 2 b 2 m 2
Now (1) + (2)  cos   sin   2  2
2 2
2 2
(1M)
n n
a 2l 2 b 2 m 2
1 2  2 cos 2   sin 2   1
n n
 a 2l 2  b 2 m 2  n 2 (1M)
x2 y2
ii) Let lx  my  n  0 be a normalat P     a cos  , b sin   on the ellipse  1
a2 b2

 Equation of the normal at P  θ  =  acosθ, bsinθ 

x2 y 2 ax by -----(3)
on the ellipse 2
+ 2 = 1 is - = a2 - b 2
a b cosθ sinθ

 Equation (3) is same as the line lx  my   n then comparing the coefficients

l cos   m sin  n an
  2  cos  
l  a 2  b2  -----------(1) (1M)
2
a b a b

bn
 sin  
m  a 2  b 2  --------(2) (1M)

a 2n2 b2 n2
Now (1)   2 
2
2
 cos   sin  
2 2
 (1M)
l 2  a 2  b2  m2  a 2  b2 
2 2

a2n2 b2n2
1 
l 2 a2  b2  m 2 a2  b2 
2 2

a2 b2  a  b 
2 2 2

 2  2  (1M)
l m n2

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52***. Find the length of major axis , minor axis, latusrectum , eccentricity, coordinates of
centres, foci and the equations of directrices of the ellipse 9 x 2  16 y 2  144 .
(March-10, 11, 2014)
x2 y2
Sol. Given ellipse is 9 x 2  16 y 2  144   1
16 9
 a 2  16 , b 2  9 (1M)

a2 - b2 16  9 7
Eccentricity is e =  
a 4 4
Centre   0, 0 

  7 
Foci =  ±ae, 0    4 
 4

 , 0    7 , 0 
   

Length of major axis = 2a  2  4   8

Length of minor axis = 2b  2  3  6 (2M)

2b 2 2  9  9
Length of latusrectum =  
a 4 2
a 4 16
Equations of the directrices are x = ± x  x   7x  16 (1M)
e  7/4  7

53***. Find the condition for the line x cos   y sin   p to be a tangent to the ellipse
x2 y2
  1. (March-2014)
a2 b2
Sol. Given line is x cos   y sin   p
 y sin    x cos   p
  cos   p
 y x y =mx+c (1M)
 sin   sin 
 cos  p
Here m  , c
sin  sin 
This line is a tangent to the given ellipse is c2 = a2m2 + b2
2 2
 p  2 cos   2
   a   b (2M)
 sin    sin  
 p 2  a 2 cos 2   b 2 sin 2  (1M)

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x² y²
**54) If the normal at one end of latus rectum of the ellipse   1 passes through one
a² b²
end of minor axis, then show that. e4 + e2 = 1 [where ‘e’ is the eccentricity of the ellipse]

x2 y2
Sol. Given equation of ellipse  1
a2 a2

B  b2 
L  ae, a 
 
X
C S A
A1
(1M)
B1  0, b 

 b2 
Positive end of latusrectum =  ae,  = ( x , y )
 a  1 1

a2x b2y a2 x b2 y
Equation of normal at  x1 , y 1  is - 2 2
= a -b   2  a 2  b 2 (1M)
x1 y 1 ae  b / a 

ax
  ay  a ²  b ², this passes through end of minor axis  0, b  (1M)
e

b b2
ab = a²-b²  ab  a  a 1  e   = e2  2 = e4
2 2 2
a  1  e2  e4
a

 e4  e2  1 (1M)
**55) Find the equations of tangent and normal to the ellipse 9x² + 16y² = 144 at the end of
latusrectum in the first quadrant. (M-09)

x² y²
Sol) Given ellipse 9x² + 16y² = 144   1  a ²  16, b ²  9
16 9

a2 - b2 16  9 7 7
If ‘e’is the eccentricity then, e2 = 2
  e (1M)
a 16 16 4

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x2 y 2  b2 
 Positiveendof the latusrectumof theellipse + = 1is  ae, 
a2 b2  a

 7 9  9
  .4,    7,    x1 , y1  say (1M)
 4 4  4

xx1 yy1
(i) Equation of the tangent is S1 = 0   1
16 9

 9 xx1  16 yy1  144  9x  7   16 y  94   144  7 x  4 y  16 (1M)

x2 y 2 a2 x b2 y
(ii) Equation of normal at  x1 , y1  to theellipse a2 + b2 = 1 is x - y = a - b
2 2

1 1

16 x 9y
   16  9  16 x  4 7 y  7 7 (1M)
7 9 / 4

x² y²
**56) Derive the equation of an ellipse in the standard form  1
a² b²

Sol) Let S be the focus, e be the eccentricity and L = 0 be the directix of the ellipse, Let P be a

point on the ellipse. Let M, Z be the projections of P,S on the directix L  0 respectively..

Let N be the projection of P on SZ . Let A, A1 be the points of division of SZ in the ratio

e:1 internally and externally respectively. Let A A1 = 2a, Let ‘C’ be the midpoint of AA' .
 A, A1 lie on the ellipse

Y
l|
l

P  x, y 
M1 M

X1 C A X
Z 1 A1 S1 S L Z
(1M)

Y1

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SA SA1
  e and 1  e  SA = eAZ, SA1= eA1Z
AZ AZ
Now SA + SA1 = eAZ+eA1Z
 AA1=e(AZ+A1Z)  2a = e ( CZ - CA + A1C + CZ)  2a = e.2 CZ

 CZ = a e ( CA=A1C) (1M)

Also SA1 - SA = eA1Z-eAZ

 A1C + CS - (CA - CS) = e (A1Z - AZ)  2CS = eAA1 ( CA = A1C)
 2CS = e(2a)  CS = ae (1M)
 Focus S=(ae,0)
a
Let P  x1 , y1  , Now PM = NZ = CZ - CN =  x1
e

SP
P lies on the ellipse   e  SP = ePM SP² = e² PM²
PM

2
a 
  a - b  = a2 + b2 - 2ab
2
 (x1 - ae)² + (y1 - 0)² = e²   x1 
e 

 ( x1 - ae)² +y1² = (a - x1e)²

 x1² + a²e² - 2x1ae + y1² = a² + x1²e² - 2x1ae  (1-e²)x1² +y1² =(1-e²) a 2

x12 y12 x2 y 2
  1    1 , where b 2  a 2 1  e2   0
a 2 a 2 1  e 2  a 2 b2
*57) If 1 & 2 are the eccentric angles of the extremities of the focal chord of the ellipse
x² y ² e 1    
  1( a  b ) and e is the eccentricity then show that  cot  1  cot  2 
a ² b² e 1 2  2 

x² y²
Sol) Focus of the ellipse   1 is S( ae , 0)
a² b²

B P 1    a cos 1 , b sin 1 

X
C S
 ae, 0 
(1M)
Q  2    a cos  2 , b sin  2 

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 Equation of the chord joining the points with eccentric angles θ1 andθ2 of ellipse is
x  θ +θ  y  θ +θ  θ -θ  (1M)
Cos  1 2  + Sin  1 2  = Cos  1 2 
a  2  b  2   2 

It is passing through (ae, 0)

ae    2   1   2 
C os  1   0  C os  
a  2   2 

  2 
C os  1 
e  2 
      
 e Cos  1 2   Cos  1 2   1     2  (1M)
 2   2  C os  1 
 2 

By componendo and dividendo rule

  2   1  2 
e 1
cos  1
2   cos  2 
    
e 1   2   1  2 
cos  1
2   cos  2 
   

   2  C+D C-D
2 cos  1  . cos  2   cosC + cosD = 2cos   cos  
  2     2   2 
  
 2  C+D  D-C 
2 sin  1  . sin   cosC  cosD = 2sin   sin  
 2   2   2   2 

e 1    
  cot  1  .cot  2  (1M)
e 1 2  2

x2 y 2
*58. Show that among the points on the ellipse   1  a  b  ,  a, 0  is the farthest
a2 b2
point and  a, 0  is the nearest point from the focus (ae,0). (M-2006)
Sol. Let P   x, y  be any point on the ellipse so that  a  x  a and S   ae, 0  be the focus.
Since (x, y) is on the ellipse,
b2 2
2 
y2  a  x2 
a
 1  e 2  a 2  x 2   b 2 = a 2 1 - e 2  -------(1) (1M)
Then we know that
SP 2   x  ae   y 2
2

  x  ae   1  e2  a2  x2   from 1 

2

 2xae  a 2  e 2 x 2   a  ex 
2

 SP  a  ex (1M)
We have  a  x  a

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  ae  xe  ae -------(2)
  ae  a  xe  a  ae  a
 ex  a  0
 SP  a  ex -------(3) (1M)
From (2) and (3)
ae  a  SP  a  ae
 a  ae  SP  ae  a
 Max SP  ae  a when P   a, 0 
and Min SP  a  ae when P   a,0 
Hence the nearest point is  a, 0 
and the farthest one is  a, 0  (1M)
*59. If the length of the major axis of an ellipse is three times the length of its minor axis
then find the eccentricity of the ellipse.
Sol. Let a be the length of the major axis, b be the length of the minor axis.
a  3b (1M)
Squaring on bothsides
a 2  9b 2 (1M)
b 2 = a 2 1 - e 2  for a > b

 a2  9a2 1 e2 
1
1e2  (1M)
9
1 8
 e2  1   e2 
9 9
2 2
e (1M)
3
HYPERBOLA
***60. Find the eccentricity,foci equations of the directrices, length of the latusrectum of the
hyperbola 9x 2  16y 2  72x  32y  16  0
Sol. Equation of the hyperbola is 9x 2  16y 2  72x  32y  16  0

 9  x 2  8x   16  y 2  2y   16

 9  x 2  8x  16   16  y 2  2y  1 = 16 + 144 – 16

 x  4  y  1
2 2

 9  x  4   16  y  1  144
2 2
  1 (1M)
16 9

x  h y  k
2 2

Comparing with  1  a2 16,b2  9,h 4,k 1 (1M)

a2 b2

a2  b2 16  9 25 5
(i) Centre (h, k) = (-4, -1) (ii) Eccentricity e =   
a 4 16 4

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 5 
(iii) Foci =  h ± ae,k    4  4. ,1 =  4  5, 1 = (1, -1) and (-9, -1)
 4 
a  4 16
(iv) Eq. of the directrices are x = h ±  x  4  4   =   5x + 20 =  16
e 5 5
 5x + 4 = 0 and 5x + 36 = 0
2b 2 2  9  9
(v) Length of latusrectum = =   (2M)
a 4 2

***61. Find the foci, eccentricity and the Eq. of directrices of the hyperbola 16 y 2  9 x 2  144

y2 x2 x2 y 2
Sol: Eq. of hyperbola 16 y 2  9 x 2  144   1    1  a 2  16, b 2  9 (1M)
9 16 16 9

a2 + b2 16  9 5
Eccentricity e =   (1M)
b 2
9 3

 5
Foci S =  0, ±be    0,  3    0, 5  (1M)
 3
b 3
Equations of the directrces are y = ± =±
e 5/3
9
 y  5 y  9  0,5 y  9  0 (1M)
5
***62. Find the eccentricity, foci length of latusrectum and equations of the directrices of the
hyperbola x 2  4 y 2  4

x2 y 2
Sol: Equation of the hyperbola is x  4 y  4
2 2   1 a2  4, b2 1 (1M)
4 1

a2 + b2 4 1 5
(i) Eccentricity e =   (1M)
a2 4 2
 5 
(ii) Foci S =  ±ae, 0    2 2 , 0    5,0
 
 
 b2   1 
(iii) Length of latusrectum = 2    2   1
 a  2

a 2/ 5 4
(iv) Equations of the directrices are x = ±  
e 2 5  5 x  4
 The equation of directrices are 5 x  4  0; 5x  4  0 (2M)

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***63. Find the equations of the tangents to the hyperbola x 2  4y 2  4 which are
(i) parallel (ii) perpendicular to the line x  2y  0 .
Sol: Equation of the hyperbola is x 2  4 y 2  4

x2 y 2 x2 y 2
   1 equation of hyperbola 2 - 2 = 1 a 2  4; b 2  1 (1M)
4 1 a b

1 a
Slope of tangent parallel to x  2 y  0 is m   Slope = - (1M)
2 b

(i) Equation of the tangent to the hyperbola parallel to x  2 y  0 is y = mx ± a m - b

2 2 2

1 1 1
 y   x  4  1  y   x  0  x  2y  0 (1M)
2 4 2
Slope of the tangent perpendicular to x  2 y  0 is m  2

 -1 
 slop e of p erp end icu lar line = 
 slop e of given lin e 

(ii) Eq. of the tangent to the hyperbola perpendicular to x  2 y  0 is y  mx  a 2 m 2  b 2

 y  2x  4  4 1  y  2 x  15  2 x  y  15  0 (1M)
***64. Find the equations of the Tangents to the Hyperbola 3 x 2  4 y 2  12 which are (i) parllel
and (ii) perpendicular to the line y = x - 7
Sol: given equation of Hyperbola 3x 2  4 y 2  12
3 x 2 4 y 2 12
  
12 12 12
x2 y 2 x2 y 2
  1  equation of hyperbola 2 - 2 = 1
4 3 a b
 a  2, b  3 (1M)
given equation of line y = x - 7 ------(1)
Slope of line = 1
slope of parllal line  slopeof givenline
(i) Parllel tangents : Slope of parallel tangents = m = Slope of (1)

m=1 (1M)
Equation of parallel tangents y = mx ± a m - b 2 2 2

y  1 x  4 1  3
y  x 43
y  x 1
x  y 1  0 (1M)

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1
ii) Perpendicular Tangents : Slope of perpendicular tangents = m  Slope of (1)

-1 1
slope of perpendicular line = m
slopeof givenline 1
m  1
Equation of perpendiuclar tangents y = mx ± a2m 2 - b 2
y   1 x  4 1  3
y  x 1
x  y 1  0 (1M)
***65. Prove that the point of intersection of two perpendicular tangents to the hyperbola
x2 y2
  1 lies on the circle x 2  y 2  a 2  b 2
a2 b2
Sol: Let P (x1, y1) be the point of intersection of two perpendicular tangents to the hyperbola
x2 y2
 1 ------(1)
a2 b2
Let the equation of tangents to the Hyperbola (1) with the slope m is y = mx ± a2m 2 - b 2

Since p  x1 , y1  is the point as intersection of these Tangents

 y1  mx1  a 2 m2  b 2 (1M)

y1  mx1   a 2 m 2  b 2
Squaring on both sides
2
 y1  mx1    a 2m2  b2 
2

 
y12  2mx1 y1  m 2 x12  a 2 m 2  b 2
y12  2mx1 y1  m 2 x12  a 2 m2  b 2  0
x 2
1 a 2  m 2  2mx1 y1  y12  b 2  0 ------(2) (1M)
Let m1 , m2 are the roots of the equation (2)
c
m1 m2 = product of roots 
a
y12  b2
m1m2 
x12  a 2
since the Tangents are perpendicular
m1m2  1 (1M)
y 2  b2
 x 2  a 2  1
1

 y1  b  1 x1  a 
2 2 2 2
 y12  b 2   x12  a 2  x12  y12  a 2  b 2
P( x1 , y1 ) lies on the circle x 2  y 2  a 2  b 2 (1M)

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1  b 
***66. Show that angle between the to asymptotes of the hyperbola S=0 is 2 tan   (or)
a
2 sec (e)
1

x y x y
Sol: Equation of the asymptotes are   0 and  0 (1M)
a b a b

If 2 is angle between asymptotes

b b
Here slope of asymptotes = tan  
1
   tan  a 
a  

1  b 
Angle between the asymptotes  2  2 tan   (1M)
a
b2 a 2  b2 a 2 e2
2 2
 sec   1  tan   1 
a 2

a 2
 2  e2
a
 a 2
+ b 2 = a 2e 2  sec 2 θ = 1 + tan 2 θ (1M)

 sec   e    sec1 e
1 b
 Angle between the asymptotes are 2 tan  a  or 2sec  e  .
1
(1M)
 
x 2 y2
**67. If the line lx  my  n  0 is a tangent to the hyperbola   1 , then show that
a 2 b2
a 2 l2  b2 m 2  n 2 .
x2 y2
Sol. Given hyperbola: 2  2  1
a b
 l  n
Given Tangent: lx  my  n  0  my  lx  n  y  m x m (1M)
 
It is Tangent to hyperbola i.e. c 2 = a 2m 2 - b 2 (1M)
2 2
 n  2  l  2 n 2 a 2l 2  b 2 m 2
    a   b  2   a 2l 2  b 2 m 2  n 2 (2M)
m m m m2

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x2 y2
**68. Tangents to the hyperbola   1 make angles 1 and  2 with transverse axis of a
a2 b2
hyperbola. Show that the point of intersection of these tangents lies on the curve
2xy  k  x 2  a 2  when tan 1  tan  2  k .
x 2 y2
Sol: Equation of the hyperbola 2  2  1
a b

Equation of the tangent to the hyperbola can be taken as y = mx ± a2m 2 - b 2

Suppose p  x1 , y1  is the point of intersection of the tangents y1  mx1  a m  b

2 2 2
(1M)

  y1  mx1   a 2 m 2  b 2
2
y1  mx1   a 2 m 2  b 2  y12  m 2 x12  2mx1 y1  a 2 m 2  b2  0

 m  x1  a   2mx1 y1   y1  b   0
2 2 2 2 2
(1M)

for the eq. ax2 +bx+c = 0,

2x y
m1, m2 are the roots of the above equation m1  m2  x 2  a 2 sum of the roots m +m = -b (1M)
1 1

1 2
1
a

2x y 2x1 y1
 tan 1  tan 2  x 2  a 2 k   2x1 y1  k  x1  a 
1 1 2 2

1 x12  a 2

p  x1 , y1  lies on the curve 2xy  k  x  a 

2 2
(1M)

**69. Find the equation of the hyperbola of given length of transverse axis ‘6’ whose vertex
bisects the distance between the centre and the focus.
x2 y2
Sol: Let the equation of Hyperbola  1
a2 b2
Let c is the centre , A is one vertex, S is the corresponding focus of the Hyperbola
given lengh of transverse axis = 2a = 6 (1M)
given vertex bisects the distance between centre and focus
2CA = CS  2a  ae
CS  ae
e2 CA  a (1M)

Since b 2  a 2  e 2  1
  3  22  1  9  4  1  9  3
2

b 2  27  b  27  3 3 (1M)
x2 y2
 equation of the Hyperbola 2  2  1
a b
x2 y 2
 1 (1M)
9 27

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*70. One focus of hyperbola located at (1,-3) and corresponding directrix is the line y=2.Find
the equation of hyperbola if its eccentricity is 3/2

3
Sol: Given focus S 1, 3 . Eccentricity e  .
2
Equation of directrix is y  2  0 .
Let p  x, y  be the point on hyperbola  SP= ePM (By def.)  SP 2  e 2 PM 2

Eq.of thehyperbolawith thefocus  x1 ,y1  anddirectrix

9  y  2  lx+my +n = 0is  x- x1 2 +  y - y1 2 = e2 
lx+my +n
2
2

 x  1   y  3  
2 2
(2M)
4  0  1  l2 +m2
whereeistheeccentricity

9 2
2 2
 x  1  2x  y  9  6y 
4
 y  4  4y 
 4x2  4  8x  4y2  36  24y  9y2  36  36y  4x2  5y2  8x  60y  4  0 (2M)

*71. Find the equation of the hyperbola whose asymptotes are

x  2y  3  0,3x  4y  5  0 and which passes through the point 1, 1 .
Sol: Equation of the asymptotes are x  2y  3  0,3x  4y  5  0
Equation of the hyperbola can be taken as  x  2y  3 3x  4y  5  k  0 (1M)
The hyperbola passes through P 1, 1 ;

 1  2  3 3  4  5   k  0  k  8 (1M)

Equation of the hyperbola is  x  2 y  3 3x  4 y  5   8  0 (1M)

 3x2  6xy  9x  4xy  8y2 12y  5x 10y 15  8  0
 3x 2  10xy  8y2  14x  22y  7  0 (1M)
*72. The differences of the focal distances of any point on the hyperbola is constant if P is a
x2 y2
point on the hyperbola   1 with foci S and S 1 then S 1 P  SP  2a .
a2 b2
Sol: Let p  x, y  be any point on the hyperbola

(1M)

Let s be the focus. Let M be the point on the directrix.

SP
 e; SP  ePM
PM

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 a
SP  e  ZN   e  CN  CZ   e  x    ex  a (1M)
 e
Similarly let S | be the focus. Let M | be the point on the corresponding directrix
S| P  ePM |
 a
S| P  e  Z| N   e  CZ|  CN   e  x    ex  a (1M)
 e
S| P  SP  ex  a  ex  a
S | P  S P  2a (1M)

x2 y2
*73. If the line lx  my  1 is a normal to the hyperbola   1 then show that
a2 b2
a2 b2
 2   a 2  b2 
2
2
l m
x2 y2
Sol: Equation of the hyperbola is  1
a2 b2
ax by
Equation of the normal at P   is + = a 2 + b 2 ------------(1) (1M)
secθ tanθ
Equation of the given line is lx  my  1 .....(2)
(1) and (2) are the same lines
a b
2 2
sec   tan   a  b (1M)
l m 1
a b
   a2  b2
l sec  m tan 

a b a b
 a 2  b2 ,  a 2  b2  sec   ; tan  

l sec  m tan  l  a2  b2  m  a2  b2  (1M)

Now, sec 2   tan 2   1  sec 2 θ - tan 2θ = 1

a2 b2
  1 a 2 b2
 2   a2  b2 
2

l a  b
2 2 2 2
 m a  b
2 2

2 2
l 2
m
(1M)

x 2 y2
*74. Derive the standard form of Hyperbola 2  2  1
a b
Sol.:- Let S be the focus and l be the directrix
draw SZ  to the directrix

SA SA1 e
1
Let A, A be the two points on SZ such that  
AZ A1Z 1

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Y l
l|
P  x, y 
M

A1 A
X1 1
C S X
S Z1 Z

Y1

Let C be the mid point of AA1 and CA  CA1  a

Taking CZ as X-axis and the line CY as Y-axis (1M)

SA  eAZ ; SA1  eA1Z  SA  SA1  e  AZ  A1Z 

 CS  CA  CS  CA1  e  AA1   2C S  e  2 a 
1
 CS  ae  CA  CA 
Focus S   ae, 0  (1M)

a
1 1

Now, SA  SA  e A Z  AZ   AA1  e  CZ  CA1  CA  CZ   2a  e  2CZ   CZ 
e
a
 Equation of the directrix is x  (1M)
e
Let P  x, y  be any point on the hyperbola

a
x
a e ex  a
PM = perpendicular distance from P  x, y  to the directrix x  0  
e 1 0 e
SP
 e (By definition)  SP  ePM  SP 2  e 2 PM 2
PM

 Eq.of thehyperbola with thefocus  x1 , y1  anddirectrix

 ex  a  lx + my + n = 0is  x - x1 2 +  y - y1 2 = e2  lx + my + n 
2
2

  x  ae    y  0 
2 2
 e2   l 2 + m2
 e 
whereeistheeccentricity

 x 2  a 2 e 2  2aex  y 2  e 2 x 2  a 2  2aex   e 2  1 x 2  y 2  a 2  e 2  1

x2 y2 x2 y 2
 
a 2 a 2  e2  1
1    1 , Where b 2  a 2  e 2  1
a 2 b2

x2 y2
Equation of the hyperbola in the standard form is 2  2  1 (1M)
a b

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*75. A circle cuts the rectangluar hyperbola xy  1 in the points  xr , yr  , r  1, 2,3, 4 . Prove
that x1 x2 x3 x4  y1 y2 y3 y4  1 .
Sol. Let the circle be x 2  y 2  a 2
 1
Since  t ,   t  0  lies on xy  1 (1M)
 t
2 1
The points of intersection of the circle and the hyperbola are given by t   a2
t2
 t 4  a 2t 2  1  0
 t 4  0.t 3  a 2t 2  0.t  1  0 (1M)
const
S4 = t1t2t3t4 =
coefficientof t4
It t1, t2, t3 and t4 are the roots of the above biquadratic, then t1t2t3t4=1. (1M)
 1
If  xr , yr    tr ,  , r  1, 2,3, 4 then x1 x2 x3 x4  t1t2t3t4  1 ,
 tr 
1
and y1 y2 y3 y4  t t t t  1 (1M)
1 2 3 4

x2 y2
*76. Show that the equation   1 represents
9c 5c
(i) an ellipse it ‘c’ is a real constant lessthan ‘5’
(ii) a hyperbola it ‘c’ is any real constant between 5 and 9
(iii) show that each ellipse in (i) and Hyperbola (ii) has foci at two points  2,0 
independent of the value ‘c’
x2 y2
Sol: given equation   1 ---(1)
9c 5c
x2 y2  x2 y2 
(i) Let (1) represents an ellipse   1   2  2  1
9c 5c a b 
 9  c  0 ,5  c  0
 c  9  0 ,c  5  0
  c  5  c  9   0  c  5 or c  9
 for only c  5 (1) represents an ellipse (1M)
(ii) Let (1) represents a hyperbola
x2 y2 x2 y2  x2 y2 
 1   1 2  2  1
9c 5c 9c c 5  a b 
 9  c  0, c  5  0.
 c  9  0, c  5  0.
  c  5  c  9   0  5  c  9
 for 5  c  9 (1) represents a hyperbola (1M)

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(iii) (a) let (1) represents an ellipse

x2 y2
   1 a 2  9  c, b 2  5  c
9c 5c
a2 - b2 9  c   5  c  9c 5 c
Eccentsicity e =  
a2 9c 9c
4
e  9  c  a 2 
a2
2
e  ae  2
a
 Foci  ±ae, 0    2, 0 
(b) let (1) represents a Hyperbola
x2 y2
  1  a 2  9  c, b 2  c  5
9c c 5
a2 + b2 9cc5 4
eccentricity e =  2

a2 a a2
2
e  ae  2
a
 Foci  ±ae, 0    2, 0  independent of the valne ‘c’ (2M)

DEFINITE INTEGRATION
***77. Find the area bounded by y2 = 4x and x2 = 4y.
Sol.

(1M)

The given equations are y2 = 4x …(1) and x 2  4y ---------(2)

The points of intersection are O(0, 0), A (4, 4) (1M)
4
 x2 
Required area  
 2 x   dx
0  4 

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4
4 x3  xn+1
 x x  xndx= +c (1M)
3 12  0 n+1

4 64 32 16 16
 .8     sq.units (1M)
3 12 3 3 3
78.*** Find the area enclosed by the curves y  3 x and y  6 x  x 2 .
Sol. Given y  3 x --------------(1), y  6 x  x 2 -------(2)
Solve (1) and (2)
 6 x  x 2  3x  x 2  3x  0  x  x  3  0
 x  0, 3 (1M)
Also, in 0  x  3 , x 2  3x  0
 3x  x 2  0
 6 x  x 2  3x  y2  y1

(1M)

 Required Area    y2  y1  dx
0

3 3
   6 x  x 2   3 x  dx    3x  x 2  dx (1M)
0 0

3
 3 x 2 x3  xn+1
   x dx=
n
+c
 2 3 0 n+1

9
 sq.units (1M)
2

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1
1
79.*** Find  x tan x dx
0

1
1
1 1 1 x2
Sol.  x tan x dx  tan 1 x  xdx   2
. dx (1M)
0 0 01 x 2
1
 x2  1 1 x2  1 1  1 1 1  x  1
2
π
  tan 1 x    dx   tan 1.  0   dx tan-1 1 = (1M)
2 0 2 0 1  x
2
2  2 0 1  x 2 4

1   1 1 1   1 1
1dx=x+c  1+x dx = Tan x+c
1 -1
     1  2 
dx    x  tan 1 x  2 (1M)
2  4  2 0  1 x  8 2 0

 1  1    1   1
  1  tan 1 1    1        (1M)
8 2 8 2 4  8 2 8 4 2

2 a sin x  b cos x
80.*** Find  dx
0 sin x  cos x

2a sin x  bcos x
Sol. Let I   dx -------------------(1)
0 sin x  cos x

   
a sin   x   b cos   x 
  π 
 sin  - x  = co sx
I
2
2   2  dx a a
 2 
0       f  x  dx =  f  a - x  dx  π  (1M)
sin   x   cos   x  0 0
c o s  - x  = s in x
 2 
2  2 

a cos x  b sin x
2
I dx ----------------(2)
0 cos x  sin x
adding (1) and (2)

2 a sin x  b cos x  a cos x  b sin x
 II   dx
0 sin x  cos x


2I  
2  a  b  sin x  cos x  dx (1M)
0 sin x  cos x

2
2I    a  b  dx
0

  a  b   1dx
2
1dx = x+c
0


  a  b   x 02   a  b  (1M)
2

I  a  b (1M)
4

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
3
sin x
81.***Find  dx
 sin x  cos x
6


3 sin x
Sol. Given A   dx -------------(1)
 sin x  cos x
6

   
sin    x 
6 3
3

A  dx b b

         f  x  dx =  f  a + b - x  dx
6 sin    x   cos    x  a a
6 3  6 3 

 
 sin   x 
3
2 
 dx a a
  f  x  dx =  f  a - x  dx  π  π 
     s in 
 2
- x  = co sx

cos  - x  = sinx
2 
(1M)
6 sin   x   cos   x  0 0

2  2 


3 cos x
A  dx
 cos x  sin x --------------(2)
6

Adding (1) and (2)


3 sin x  cos x
A  A  2A   dx
 sin x  cos x
6


3
  1dx   1dx = x + c

6


  
  x3    (2M)
6 3 6 6
 
 2A   A (1M)
6 12

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
2

 sin
n
82***. Find the reduction formula for xdx (Model paper) (March-03, May-06)
0

 
2 2

  sin
n n 1
Sol. In  sin x dx  x sin x dx
0 0

 
2 2
x cos x dx   n  1  sin n 2 x 1  sin 2 x  dx (1M)


  n  1 sin
n 1 n2 2
   sin x cos x  2

0
0 0

 2 
2 
  n  1   sin x dx   sin n x dx 
n  2

0 
 0

  n  1 I n 2   n  1 I n

I n 1  n  1   n  1 I n 2  I n n   n  1 I n 2 (1M)
n 1
 In  I n2
n
n 1 n3 n5
In  I n 2  I n2  I n4  I n 4  I n 6
n n2 n4
n 1 n  3 n  5
 In  . . .........I 0  or  I1 according as n is even or odd. (1M)
n n2 n4

 
2 2
 
But I0   sin x dx   1 dx   x 0 2 
0

0 0
2
 
2 2
 
I1   sin x dx   sin dx    cos x 0 2   cos
1
 cos 0  0  1  1
0 0
2

2
n 1 n  3 n  5 1 
 sin
n
 x dx  . . ........... . if n is even
0
n n2 n4 2 2

n 1 n  3 n  5 2
 . . ........... .1 if n is odd (1M)
n n2 n4 3

2
n 1 n  3 n  5 1 
 cos
n
Note:  x dx  . . ........... . if n is even
0
n n2 n4 2 2

n 1 n  3 n  5 2
 . . ........... .1 if n is odd
n n2 n4 3

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1/ n
Lim  1  2   n 
***83. Evaluate   1  1   ............. 1   
n    n  n   n 
1/ n
Lim  1  2   n 
let   1  1   ............. 1    =l
n    n  n   n 
Lim 1 n  i
then log l  
n   n i 1
log 1  
 n
(1M)

i 1
put  x, x
n n
1 1
lower limit put i=1 ,  x as n   ,  0
n n
n
upper limit i=n , x  1 (1M)
n
1
1 n i
1
log l   log 1  x  dx
0
 lim
n n
 f   =  f  x  dx
i=1  n  0

 lo g xd x = xlo g x - x + c
1
 1  x  log 1  x   1  x   0 

  2 log 2  2    1  2 log 2  1  log 4  1 logee=1 (1M)

4 a
log l  log 4  log e e  log  log   = loga - logb
e b

4
l  (1M)
e
a
Find  x  a  x  dx
n
84.**
0
a
I   x a  x dx
n
Sol.
0
a a
I   x  a  x dx    a  x x dx
n n a a
  f  x  dx =  f  a - x  dx (1M)
0 0 0 0

a a
 a  x n dx   x n 1dx
0 0

a a
 x n 1   x n2  xn+1
 a    n  2 x dx=n
+c (1M)
 n  10  0 n+1

a n 1 a n  2  1 1  a n 2
 a.   an2     (2M)
n 1 n  2  n  1 n  2   n  1 n  2 

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x
2
85**. Evaluate (a 2  x 2 )3/ 2 dx
a

x
2
So. (a 2  x 2 )3/ 2 dx
a

d
put x  a sin   dx  a cos  d   sinx = cosx
dx

 
L.L : x   a    ; U .L : x  a    (1M)
2 2

a 2 3
dx   a
2
sin 2   a 2  a 2 sin 2   2 .a cos  d

2 2 2 3/ 2
x (a  x )
a 
2


2 3 3
  a 2 sin 2   a 2  2
1  sin   2 2
.a cos  d

1- sin2θ = cos2θ
2


2 3 3
  a 2 sin 2   a 2  2
 cos  
2 2
.a cos  d
(1M)

2


2

 a sin 2  a3 cos3  .a cos  d

2


2


2
 a6  sin  cos 4  d
2


2


a a
2
  f  x  dx = 2 f  x  dx
 sin  cos  d
6 2 4
2a
0 -a 0

Here m=2, n=4 (even)

π
2
n -1 n - 3 1 m -1 m - 3 1π
  sinm xcosn xdx = .... .....
0
m+n m+n-2 m+2 m m-2 22

 4 1 4  3 1  
 2a 6  . . . (1M)
 4  2 4  2  2 2 2 

3 1 1      a
6
 2a 6    2a 6  32   sq.units (1M)
6 4 2 2  16

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
2 dx
86.** Find 
0 4  5cos x

2 dx
Sol. Given 
0 4  5cos x
x 2dt 1 t2
Let tan  t  dx  , cos x 
2 1 t2 1 t2

L.L: x  0, t  0 ; U.L: x  , t  1 (1M)
2
2dt
1
 1 t2 1
2tdt 1
2tdt
 1 t  
2   
0 4 1  t   5 1  t 
0 2 2
4  5 2  0
4  4t 2  5  5t 2
1 t 
1 2dt 1 dt 1 1 a+x
   2 2 2  22
dx = log +c (1M)
0 9t
2
0 3 t a -x 2a a-x
1
1 3  t  1 4  3 
 2. log   log    log    (1M)
2  3  3  t  0 3 2  3 

1 a
  log 2  log 1  loga - logb = log  
b
(1M)
3
1
 log 2 log1=0
3
 /4

87**. Evaluate 
0
log(1  tan x ) dx

 /4

Sol. Let I  log(1 tan x) dx -------------(1)

0

a a
/ 4
I 
  
log 1  tan      d   f  x  dx =  f  a - x  dx + c (1M)
0  4  0 0

  
 /4
 tan  tan  
4 TanA- TanB
I  log 1 
  d Tan  A- B =
0  1  tan , tan   1- TanATanB
 4 
/ 4
 1  tan   π
I  log 1  1  tan   d
0
tan =1
4
(1M)

/ 4
1  tan   1  tan  
I  log 
0
1  tan   d


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
4
  2 
I   log   d
  1  tan  
0

/ 4
a
I   log 2  log 1  tan    d
0
 log
b
= loga - logb

/4 / 4

 I  log 2  d 
0
 log 1  tan   d
0
(1M)

 I = log 2   0  I
/ 4
(Since from 1) 1dx=x+c

 
 2I  log 2  I= log 2 (1M)
4 8

1 3
88** Find  x
2
1  x dx
0
1 3
Sol. Given  x
2
1  x dx
0

d
Put x  sin 2   dx  2sin  cos  d 
dθ
 sin2 θ  = 2sinθcosθ


L.L:   0 x  0 ; U.L:    x  1 (1M)
2
1 3
x 2
1  x dx (1M)
0

2 3
   sin 2   2
1  sin 2  2 sin  cos  d 1- sin 2θ = cos2θ
0
 
2 2
  sin  cos  .2sin  cos  d  2  sin 4  cos 2  d
3

0 0
Here m=4, n=2 (even) (1M)
π

2
 3  11  2
sinmxcosnxdx=
n-1 n-3
....
1 m-1m-3 1 π
..... ; miseven&niseven
6 4 2 2 0
m+nm+n-2 m+2 m m-2 2 2

(1M)

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89**. Evaluate

Sol. Given

Put

(1M)

= = = (1M)

Adding and substracting ‘1’

(1M)

(1M)

90.** Find

Sol. Given

(1M)

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lower limit put i=1 , as ,

upper limit i=n , (1M)

(2M)

91.** Find

Sol. Given

(1M)

lower limit put i=1 , as ,

upper limit i=5n , (1M)

(2M)

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92**. Find the area of one of the curve linear triangle bounded by y = sinx, y = cosx and x-axis.
Sol. Given y = sinx and y = cosx

(1M)

If in

and if in

Required area (1M)

(1M)

(1M)

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93**. Find area bounded by the curves y = x2, y = x3.

Sol. Given equations are ----------(1), ----------(2)

(1M)

from (1) and (2)

(1M)

Required area (1M)

(1M)

94*. Evaluate

Sol.

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(1M)

(1M)

(1M)

(1M)

95.** Find

Sol.

(1M)

lower limit put i=1 , as ,

upper limit i=n , (1M)

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(1M)

(1M)

96*. Find the area between the line and the curve .
Sol. Given -----------(1), --------(2)
Solve (1) and (2)

(1M)
Therefore the curve cuts x-axis at
In , y is negative.

(1M)

Required area

(1M)

(1M)

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97*. Find area bounded by y2 = 3x and x = 3

Sol. Given

(1M)

----------------(1)
The parabola is symmetrical about x-axis.

Required area (1M)

(1M)

(1M)

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DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Solve the following Differential Equations

***98.

Sol. (1M)

(2M)

(1M)

***99. Solve

Sol. Given equation is

divide bothsides with ‘x’

--------------------(1)

put (1M)
diff. w.r.to ‘x’

from (1)

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(2M)
integrating both sides

solution is (1M)

***100. (Mar - 13)

Sol. (1M)

[ put ]

(1M)

(1M)

(1M)

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***101. .

Sol.

-------------(1)

put

from (1)

(1M)

(1M)

(1M)

(1M)

***102. Solve

Sol: ------(1)

Put y = vx

diff.with respect ‘x

(1M)

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From (1)

(1M)
Integrate both sides

; (1M)

; coofficient of

; Constant

(1M)

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**103. Solve

Sol: ----(1)

put
diff. w.r.to ‘x’

(1M)

from(1)

(1M)

integrate both sides

(1M)

Solution is (1M)

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**104. Solve

Sol. Given equation -----(1)

Put y - x = t
diff.with respect ‘x’

(1M)

from (1)

(1M)

Integrate both sides

(1M)

Required equation is (1M)

**105. Express in the form

Sol. Given equation is

---------------------(1) (1M)

This is homogenious D.E.

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Put
diff. w.r.to y

from (1)

integrating on bothsides

(2M)

is general solution. (1M)

**106.

Sol. (1M)

(2M)

(1M)

**107.

Sol. (1M)

(1M)

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(1M)

The general solution is (1M)

**108.

Sol.

(1M)

put (1M)

(1M)

(1M)

**109.

Sol.

put z = x+y

(1M)

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(1M)

(1M)
. (1M)

**110.

Sol.

(1M)

(2M)

. (1M)

**111.

Sol. Given

here

(1M)

The G.S. is y. (I.F) = (1M)

(1M)
(1M)

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**112.

Sol.

(1M)

It is linear differential equation in ‘x’

(1M)

The general solution is

(1M)

. (1M)

**113.

Sol.

(1M)

divide numerator with

(1M)

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(1M)

(1M)

**114. Solve

Sol. Given
on dividing with cosx

(1M)
This is linear D.E. in y

(1M)

General solution is (1M)

, where c is parameter.. (1M)

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**115. .

Sol. It is linear differential equation in y. Here

I.F (1M)

The general solution is y. (I.F) =

(1M)

y(secx + tanx) (1M)

(1M)

**116.

Sol. It is linear differential equation in ‘y’, Here

The general solution is y.(I.F) (1M)

(1M)

= (1M)

(1M)

*117.

Sol.

put (1M)

(1M)

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(1M)

(1M)

*118. Solve

Sol. Given equation is -----------------(1)

This is non-homogenious D.E.

Here

(1M)
from(1)

(1M)

integrating on both sides

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(1M)

(1M)
This is required general solution.

*119.

Sol. Given

put y = vx (1M)

(1M)

(1M)

(1M)

*120.

Sol.

(1M)

Here

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(1M)

The general solution is y.(I.F) (1M)

. (1M)

*121.

Sol.

y = vx then (1M)

(1M)

(1M)

(1M)

*122. .

Sol.

(1M)

Multiply and divisible by ‘x’ in first term

(1M)

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Adding and substracting ‘1’

(1M)

. (1M)

**123. Find the equation of a curve whose gradient is , when x>0, y>0 and

which passes through the point

Sol. Given equation is ----------(1)

put (1M)
diff. w.r.to ‘x’

from(1)

(1M)
integrating both sides

------------------(2) (1M)

This curve is passes through

from (2), equation of the curve is (1M)

***

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VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2 Marks)

JRMATHS-IIAVERY SHORT ANSWERUCIRCLES

1) Find the centre and the radius of the circle 1  m 2  x 2  y 2   2cx  2mcy  0 . (J-10)
Sol. Given equation of the circle is
2cx 2 mc
s  x2  y2   y0
2
1 m 1  m2

 c mc 
Centre C    g,  f    ,  and
2 2
 1 m 1 m 

c2 m2c 2 c 2 1  m 2 
Radius r = g + f - c 
2 2   = c units
1  m2 1  m2 1 m2

2) Find the values of a, b if ax 2  bxy  3 y 2  5 x  2 y  3  0 represent a circle also

find the centre and radius of circle.
Sol. Given equation ax 2  bxy  3 y 2  5 x  2 y  3  0 represent a cirlce
If x 2 coefficient  y 2 coefficient a3
and xy coefficient = 0  b  0

The equation of circle is 3x 2  3 y 2  5 x  2 y  3  0

5 2
 x2  y2  x  y  1  0
3 3

 5 1
Centre C =  -g, -f    ,  
 6 3

25 1 25  4  36 65
Radius r = g2 + f 2 - c   1   Units
36 9 36 6

3) If the centre of the circle x2  y 2  ax  by  12  0 is (2,3) find the values of a,b and
the radius of the circle. (May-07,09, M-08)
Sol. Given equation of the circle is s  x 2  y 2  ax  by  12  0
 a b 
Centre C    g,  f    ,   2, 3 
 2 2 
  a, b    4, 6    a, b    4, 6 

 Radius r = g 2 + f 2 - c  4  9  12  5

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4) Find the values of ( g,f ) if x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  12  0 represents the circle with

center ( 2, 3 ) and also find radius .
Ans. Given that equation of the circle x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  12  0 and center of the circle (2,3)
here c = -12
 center of the above circle ( -g,-f ) = ( 2,3 )
g = -2 f = -3
Radius r = g 2 + f 2 - c

 r  4  9  12  5

5) Find the other end of the diameter of the circle x 2  y 2  8 x  8 y  27  0 if one end of it
is ( 2, 3 ) ( March,2013 )
Ans: Given that equation of the circle x 2  y 2  8 x  8 y  27  0 and one end of the diameter
A ( 2, 3 )
center of the circle C ( 4,4 )
Let other end of the diameter B (  ,  )
 mid point of diamter of the circle is center of it

 The m id point of line joining points

  2  3 x1 + x 2 y 1 + y 2 

 2
,  = ( 4,4 )
2   x 1 , y 1  and  x 2 , y 2  is  , 
 2 2 

 2 8  38
  6  5
 other end of the diameter of the circle ,     6,5

6) If x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  c  0 represents a circle with a radius 6 then find value of c. (M-09)

Sol. Radius r = g 2 + f 2 - c = 6  49c  6  13  c  6

 13-c=36 => c = 13 - 36  c = - 23

7) If the length of the tangent from (2,5) to the circle x2  y2  5x  4 y  k  0 is 37 then

find the value of K. (May-06)
Thelengthof tangentfrom P = (x1 ,y1 )tothecircle
Sol. Lengent of tangent is S11  37 S = x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy +c = 0 is S = x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy +c
11 1 1 1 1

 S11  37   2    5   5  2   4  5   k  37
2 2

 4  25  10  20  k  37 => 39+k = 37  k = 37- 39 = -2

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8) Find the equation of the circle passing through (2,-1) and having the centre at (2,3)
(May-08)
Sol. Given that centre of circle (2,3) and point on the circle P(2,-1)
 Distance between twopoints
Radius of circle CP  2  2  31 = 4 x , y and x , y is
2 2
 1 1  2 2  x2 - x1  +  y 2 - y1 
2 2

 Equation of circle with centre (2,3) and radius r = 4 is  x - α  +  y - β  = r

2 2 2

 x  2    y  3   4
2 2 2

 x2  y 2  4 x  6 y  3  0

9) Find the equation of the circle passing through (3,4) and having the centre at (-3,4)
(Mar-12)
Sol. Given that centre of the circle c(-3,4) and point on the circle p(3,4)

 3  3   4  4 
2 2
radius of circle r  CP  =6

 Equation of circle S =  x - α  +  y - β  = r
2 2 2

  x  3   y  4    6 
2 2 2

 S  x 2  y 2  6 x  8 y  11  0

10) Find the equation of the circle whose centre is (-4, -3) and which passes through the origin.
(Mar - 2004, June - 2002,)
Sol: centre of the circle is c  ( 4, 3)
the circle passes through O (0, 0)
OC  r
 r  16  9  5
Equation of the circle is  x - α  +  y - β  = r 2
2 2

 (x  4)2  ( y  3)2  25
 x2  y 2  8x  6 y  0

11) Obtain the parametric equations of the circle x 2  y 2  6 x  4 y  12  0 . (Mar-06,10)

Sol. Given circle x 2  y 2  6 x  4 y  12  0
Centre of circle  h , k    3,  2  and radius of circle r  9  4  12  5

 parametric equations of circle are x = h + rcosθ, y = k + rsinθ

where (h,k)centre of circle r is the radius of the circle

 x  3  5cos y  2  5sin 

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Obtain the parametric equation of the circle a  x  3    y  4   8 2 . (Mar 2011)

2 2
12)

Given circle  x  3    y  4   8 2
2 2
Sol.
Centre of circle C(h,k) = (3,4) and radius r = 8
 parametric equations of circle are x = h + rcosθ, y = k + rsinθ
where (h,k)centre of circle r is the radius of the circle

 x  3  8cos  , y  4  8sin 
13) Find The equation of the circle whose extremities of a diameter are 1, 2  and  4,5  .

Sol. Let  x1 , y1   1, 2  and  x2 , y2    4,5 

The equation of a circle whose extremities of a diameter are  x1 , y1  and  x 2 , y2  is

 x  x1  x  x2    y  y1  y  y2   0
  x  1 x  4    y  2  y  5   0
i.e x 2  y 2  5 x  7 y  14  0
14) Find the polar of (1,2) with respect to the circle x 2  y 2  7
Sol. Equation of polar of P(1,2) w.r.t. S=0 is S1 =0
 S1 = xx1 + yy1 - r 2 = 0
=> x(1)+y(2) -7 = 0  x  2y  7  0
15) Find the pole of ax+by+c = 0 with respect to x 2  y 2  r 2
Sol. Given line L  ax  bx  c  0    (1)
Let P  x1 , y1  be a pole of the line w.r.t. S = 0

Equation of polar of s = x 2 + y 2 = r 2 at P  x1 , y1  is S1 = xx1 + yy1 - r 2 = 0..........(2)

 equations (1) and (2) represent same lines

x1 y1  r 2 ar 2 br 2  ar 2 br 2 

   x1  ; y1   P  x1, y1  
 , 
a b c c c  c c 

16) Find the pole of 3x+4y-45 = 0 with respect to the circle x 2  y 2  6 x  8 y  5  0

Sol. Given line 3x+4y-45 = 0 --------(1)
Let P  x1 , y1  be pole of circle

Theequationof polarof P(x1 ,y1 )w.r.t. circle

 Equation of polar is S1 = 0 S = x2 +y2 +2gx+2fy +c = 0 is S = xx +yy +g(x+x )+f(y+y )+c = 0
1 1 1 1 1

 S1  xx1  yy1  3  x  x1   4  y  y1  5  0
( x1  3) x   y  4  y  3x1  4 y1  5  0  (2)
Equation (1) and (2) represents same line

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x1  3 y1  4  3 x1  4 y1  5 
    4 x  1 2  3 y 1  1 2 => 4 x1  3 y1  0    (3)
3 4 45
x1  3 3x1  4y  5
  15 x1  45  3x1  4 y1  5 12x1  4y1  40  0 3x1  y1  10  0    (4)
3 45
 solve the equation (3) and (4)
-3 0 4 -3
-1 -10 3 -1
x1 y 1 x y 1 30 40
   1  1   x1  ; y1   x1  6, y1  8
30  0 0  40 4  9 30 40 5 5 5
 pole of line p  x1 , y1    6,8 

17) Find the value of K if the points (4,k),(2,3) are conjugate with respect to x2  y2  17 (I-95)
Sol. Given A(4,k) B(2,3) are conjugate points

 Thepoints P(x1 , y1 )Q(x2 , y 2 )arecojugatepoints w.r.t. circle

 S 12  0 S = x2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is S = x x + y y + g(x + x ) + f(y + y ) + c = 0
12 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

=> 8+3k-17 = 0  3k = 9 => k = 3

18) Find the number of common tangents that cat be drawn to the circles
x 2  y 2  4, x 2  y 2  6 x  8 y  16  0 (I-93) (Mar -2004, June-2002)
Sol. centres and radii C1  0,0 C2  3,4 , r1  0  0  4  2 and r2  9 16 16  3
Distance between two centers CC
1 2
is CC
1 2  9 16  5

CC
1 2  r1  r2
,  No. of common tangents are 3

19) Find the value of ‘a’, if 2 x 2  ay 2  3 x  2 y  1  0 represents a circle and also find its radius.
(March - 2013)
Sol: Given equation 2 x 2  ay 2  3 x  2 y  1  0 represents a circle
 a  b, h  0
2a
equation of the circle is 2 x 2  2 y 2  3x  2 y  1  0
3 1
 x2  y2  x y 0
2 2
3 1 1
g , f  ,c 
4 2 2

9 1 1 9 48 21
Radius r = g 2 + f 2 - c     
16 4 2 16 4

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20. State and necessary and suffiecent condition for lx  my  n  0 normal to the circle
x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0
Ans: Given that equation of the circle x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0
and given line lx  my  n  0
 center of the given circle c ( -g,-f)
If lx  my  n  0 normal to the circle is passess through ( -g,-f )
 -lg-mf+n = 0  lg+mf = n
Hence the proved
21. Show that A (3,-1) lies on the circle x 2  y 2  2 x  4 y  0 also find the other end of the
diameter through A.
Sol: given circle x 2  y 2  2 x  4 y  0 and given point (3,-1)

S11  9  1  6  4 S11 = x12 + y12 + 2gx1 + 2fy1 + c = 0

  3, 1 lies on circle
c  (1, 2) is midpoint of diameter other end is B  (h, k )
 1, 2  = mid point of (3,-1) and (h,k)

 The mid point of the line joining

3  h 1  k 
1, 2    ,   x1 + x 2 y 1 + y 2 
 2 2  P(x 1 , y 1 ), Q(x 2 , y 2 ) is  2 , 2 
 
3 h
 1  3  h  2  h  1
2
1  k
 2  1  k  4  k  3
2
 Other end = (-1,-3)
22. Find the value of k if the points (4,2) and (k,-3) are conjugate with respect to
circle x 2  y 2  5 x  8 y  6  0 .
Sol: Given circle x 2  y 2  5 x  8 y  6  0
5
here g  ;f 4
2
and given points  x1 , y1    4, 2  ,  x2 , y2    k , 3
 Thepoints P(x1 , y1 )Q(x 2 , y 2 )arecojugatepoints w.r.t.
2 2
Conjugate points condition S12  0 circleS = x + y + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is
S12 = x1x2 + y1y 2 + g(x1 + x2 ) + f(y1 + y 2 ) + c = 0

5 5
 4k  6   4  k   4  2  3  6  0  4k  6  4  k  4  6  0
2 2
5 28
 4k  4  k   4  0  8k  20  5k  8  0  3k  28  k 
2 3

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23. Find the chord of contact of (2,5) with respect to circle x 2  y 2  5 x  4 y  2  0 .

Sol: Given circle x 2  y 2  5 x  4 y  2  0
5
here g  ; f  2; c  2
2
given point  x1, y1    2,5
C h o r d o f co n ta ct o f a t P (x 1 , y 1 ) w ith res p ec t to cir cle S = 0 is S 1 = 0
5
2x  5 y   x  2  2  y  5  2  0 S1 = xx1 + yy1 + g  x + x1  + f  y + y1  + c = 0
2
x  14 y  6  0

24. Find the equation of the normal to the circle x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  11  0 at (3,2) also find
the other point where the normal meets the circle.
Sol: Given circle x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  11  0
Centre C    g,  f    2 , 3 
P   3, 2 
The normal at P passing through centre of the circle C

 The equation normal is CP
here  x1 , y1    2,3 ,  x2 , y2    3, 2  substitute in formula

y 3 x 2 y - y1 x - x1
  Equation of line joining two points  x1 , y1  and  x2 , y 2  is =
23 3 2 y 2 - y1 x2 - x1
 y  3  x  2  x  y 5  0
The centre of circle is the mid point of A and B
 a3 b2  x1 + x 2 y 1 + y 2 
 ,    2,3  m id p o in t of A  x 1 , y 1  , B  x 2 , y 2  is  2 , 2 
 2 2 
a3
2  a 1
2
b2
3 b  4
2
Hence the normal at (3,2) meets the circle at (1,4)

25. Obtain the parametric equation of the circle represented by x 2  y 2  4 .(Mar -2014)
Sol: Given x 2  y 2  4
here C h , k    0,0  and r  2
x = rcosθ and y = rsinθ
x  2 cos  and y  2 sin 

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26. Find the equation of the circle which is concentric with x 2  y 2  6 x  4 y  12  0 and
passing through  2,14  . (Mar -2014)
Sol: Given x 2  y 2  6x  4y  12  0 and  2,14 
The equation of the circle which is concentric with x 2  y 2  6x  4y  12  0 is
x 2  y 2  6 x  4y  k  0 ---------(1)
The point  2,14  passing through Eq.(1)

 2   14   6  2   4 14   k  0
2 2

4  196  12  56  k  0
k  156
put k  156 in Eq.(1)
The required circle is x 2  y 2  6 x  4 y  156  0 .

SYSTEM OF CIRCLES
27. Find the angle between the circles x 2  y 2  12 x  6 y  41  0 and
x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  59  0
Sol. Given circles are x 2  y 2  12 x  6 y  41  0
x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  59  0
Here g  6, f  3, c  41, g1  2, f 1  3, c1  59

c+c1 -2gg1 -2ff 1

Let  be the angle between the circles S = 0 and S1 = 0 then cosθ = 2 2
2 g2 +f 2 -c g1 +f 1 -c1

41  59  2  6  2   2  3 3 41  59  24  18 24
  
2 36  9  41 4  9  59 2 4 72 2.2.6 2

1 
cos    
2 4
28. Find K if the pair of circles x 2  y 2  6 x  8 y  12  0 and
x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  k  0 are orthogonal
Sol. Given circles are
x 2  y 2  6 x  8 y  12  0
x2  y2  4x  6 y  k  0
Here g  3, f  4, c  12, g 1  2, f 1  3, c1  k
Given circles are orthogonal 2gg 1 + 2ff 1 = c + c 1
 2  3 2   2  4  3  12  k
 12  24  12  k  k  24

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3
29. Show that the angle between the circles x2  y2  a2 and x 2  y 2  ax  ay is
4
(March-2014)
Sol. Given circles are x 2  y 2  a 2  0
x 2  y 2  ax  ay  0
2 1 a 1 a 1
Here g  0, f  0, c   a , g  ,f  ,c  0
2 2
c + c1 - 2gg 1 - 2ff 1
Let  be the angle between two circles cos = 2 2
2 g 2 + f 2 - c g 1 + f 1 - c1

 a   a 
a2  0  2  0    2  0   2
  2  2   a
a2 a2 a
2 0  0  a2  0 2.a.
4 4 2

1 3
cos    
2 4
30. Find the equation of the radical axis of the circles x 2  y 2  2 x  4 y  1  0 and
x2  y2  4x  y  0
Sol. Given circles are S  x 2  y 2  2 x  4 y  1  0

S  x 2  y 2  4 x  y  0
Equation of the radical axis is S - S 1 = 0
x 2  y 2  2 x  4 y  1  x2  y 2  4 x  y  0
 2 x  3 y  1  0  2x  3y 1  0
31. Find the equation of common chord of the circles x 2  y 2  4 x  4 y  3  0 and
x2  y2  5x  6 y  4  0
Sol. Given circles are S  x 2  y 2  4 x  4 y  3  0 and S  x 2  y 2  5 x  6 y  4  0
Equation of the common chord is S - S 1 = 0
x2  y2  4 x  4 y  3  x2  y 2  5x  6 y  4  0
 x  2 y 1  0
32. Find the equation of common tangent of the circles at their point of contact
x 2  y 2  10 x  2 y  22  0 and x 2  y 2  2 x  8 y  8  0 .
Sol. Given circles are S  x 2  y 2  10 x  2 y  22  0

S  x 2  y 2  2 x  8 y  8  0
Equation of the common tangent is S - S 1 = 0

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x 2  y 2  10 x  2 y  22  x 2  y 2  2 x  8 y  8  0
 8 x  6 y  14  0
 4x  3y  7  0
33. Show that the circles x 2  y 2  2 x  4 y  4  0 and x 2  y 2  3 x  4 y  1  0 are intersect
each other orthogonally.
Sol. Given circles are x 2  y 2  2 x  4 y  4  0 and x 2  y 2  3 x  4 y  1  0

1 3 1 1
Here g = -1, f = 2, c = 4, g  , f  2, c  1
2
2 2
3 Orthogonal condition for the circles x +y +2gx+2fy+c=0
Consider 2gg  2 ff  2  1    2  2 2 andx2 +y2 +2g'x+2f'y+c'=0 is 2gg'+2ff' =c+c'
1 1

2
 3  8  5
Also c  c  4  1  5
1

 2 gg 1  2 ff 1  c  c1
Hence the given two circles cuts orthogonally.

34. If the angle between the circles

x 2  y 2  12 x  6 y  41  0 and x 2  y 2  kx  6 y  59  0 is 450 then find k.
k
Sol : Here g  6, f  3, c  41, g '  , f '  3, c '  59
2
Given that   450
If θ is the angle between the circles x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 and
c + c1 - 2gg1 - 2ff 1
x 2 + y 2 + 2g'x + 2f'y + c' = 0 then cosθ = 2 2
2 g 2 + f 2 - c g1 + f 1 - c1
k
41  59  2(6)    2(3)(3)
cos 450  2
k2
2 36  9  41  9  59
4
1 6k  18  18 1 6k k2
     2.  68  3 2k
2 k2 2 k2 4
2 4  68 2.2.  68
4 4
S. O.B.S
 k2 
 4   68   18k 2
 4 
 k  272  18k 2  17k 2  272  k 2  16  k  4
2

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PARABOLA
35) Find the coordinates of the points on the parabola y 2  2 x whose focal
5
distance is . (M-07, 09,May-09)
2
1
Sol. Let p ( x1 , y1 ) be any point on the parabola y2  2x  4a  2  a 
2
5
given focal distance =
2
5
 x1  a   focal distance of a point P  x1 , y1  on the parabola y 2 = 4ax is x1 + a
2
 x1  2

2
 y1  2 x1
2
 y1  2(2)  y1   2

 Required points are (2, 2) and (2, 2)

1 
36) If  , 2  is one extremity of a focal chord of the parabola y 2  8 x . Find the
2 
coordinates of the other extremity. (May-06,10)
2
Sol: Given parabola is y  8 x  4a  8 a2
1 
given one end of focal chord x 1, y1    , 2 
2 

 Other end of the focal chord is ( x2 , y2 ) then x1x2 = a

2
y1y 2 = -4a 2
1
x2  4 2y2 = –4 (4)
2
x2 = 8 y2 = –8

 Other extremity is (8, -8)

37. Show that the line 2x- y  2  0 is a tangent to the parabola y2 = 16x . Find the point of
contact also
Sol. Given line y = 2x+2
Here m = 2, c= 2
parabola y2 = 16x  a=4
a
condition for tangent c =
m
a 4
Here c = 2,  2
m 2
 a 2a   4 2  4 
Now point of contact  2 , = ,  = (1, 4)
m m  4 2 

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38) Find the points on the parabola y 2  8 x ,whose focal distance is 10 units. (M-08,Mar-14)
Sol: let p ( x1 , y1 ) be any point on the parabola y2  8x  a  2.
given focal distance =10

 x1  a  10  focal distanceof a point P  x1 , y1  on theparabola y = 4ax is x1 + a

2

 x1  2  10  x1  8
 y12  8 x1  y12  8(8)  y1  8
 Required points are (8,8)& (8,-8)

39. Find the vertex and focus of x 2  6 x  6 y  6  0

Sol. x2  6x  6 y  6
 x2  6x  9  6 y  3
 1
 (x  3)2  6 y    x-h = 4a  y -k 
2

 2
 1 
vertex (h, k) =  3, 
 2 
3
a=
2
 1 3 
Focus (h, k+a) =  3,  
 2 2
S = (3, 1)
40. Find the axis and directrix of y 2  6 y  2 x  5  0
Sol : y2  6 y  2x  5
 y2  6 y  9  2x  4

  y - k  = 4a  x - h 
2
 ( y  3)2  2(x  2)
Vertex (h, k) = (–2, –3)
1
a
2
axis y = k
y+3=0
directrix x = h– a
1
x = –2–
2
2x + 5 =0

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41. Find equation of parabola. whose focus S(1, –7) vertex (1, –2)
Sol. vertex (h, k) = (1, –2).
focus (h, k+a) = (1, –7)
k + a = –7
–2 + a= –7
a = –5
Equation of parabola  x - h  = 4a(y - k)
2

 x  1
2
 20( y  2)

42) Find the eq of parabola whose vertex is  3, 2  & focus is (3,1) (May-07)
Sol. Given vertex A=(3,-2) & focus S=(3,1)
 x-coordinates are same in A & S  axis of parabola is parallel to Y-axis
 Eq. of parabola is (x - α) = 4a(y - β)
2

 If the axis of the parabola is parallel to y axis, vertex is  h, k 

focus is  h, k + a  and Eq. of parabola is  x - h  = 4a  y - k 
2

x coordinates of A & S are equal  axis is parallel to y - axis

A   3 ,  2    ,   , S   3,1    ,   a

  a  1  2  a  1  a  3
 parabola eq. is ( x  3)2  12( y  2)

43. Find the value of k if the line 2y  5x  k is a tangent to the parabola y 2  6 x .

2 3
Sol. Given parabola is y  6 x  4a  6 a
2
5 k
Given tangent line 2 y  5 x  k  y  x
2 2
5 K
comparing the with y  mx  c then m  and c 
2 2

condition for y = m x + c
a
 c= m a
to touch y 2 = 4ax is c =
m

k 3/ 2
   k=6/5
2 5/2
44. Find the equation of normal to the parabola y 2  4 x which is parallel to y –2x + 5= 0
Sol. Slope of given line m = 2, a=1
Equation of normal in slope form is y = mx–2am–am3
 y = 2x–2(1)(2)–1(2)3  2x – y –12 = 0

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45. Find the equation of the tangent to the parabola y2=16x inclined at an angle 600 with its
axis and also find the point of contact. (O-99, I-99, M-04)
Sol: Given parabola is y 2  16 x  a=4
slope of tangent (m)  tan   tan 60   3
a
 Equation of the tangent to the parabola is y = mx +
m
4
 y  3x   3 y  3x  4  3x  3 y  4  0
3

 a 2a   4 8 
 Point of contact p =  m 2 , m    3 , 
   3

HYPERBOLA
1 1
46) If e, e1 be the eccentricities of a hyperbola and its conjugate hyperbola then e 2  e 2  1 .
1

(Mar 2011)
x 2 y2 y 2 x2
Sol. Equation of the hyperbola is 2  2  1 and equation of conjugate hyperbola is 2  2  1
a b b a

a2 + b 2 a2 + b 2
e= ,e1 =
a2 b2

1 1 1 1
 2  2  2
2
e e1  a  b   b  a 2 
2 a2 b2 a 2  b2
       =1
 a
2
  b
2
 a 2  b 2 a 2  b2 a 2  b2

5
47) If the eccentricity of a hyperbola is , then find the eccentricity of its conjugate
4
hyperbola (J-05,March - 2013)
5
Sol. Given e =
4
1 1
If e and e1 the eccentricity of a hyperbola and its conjugate hyperbola, then + =1
 e2 e12

1 16 9 25 5
 e 2  1  25  25  e12 
 e1 
1 9 3
48) Find the equation to the hyperbola whose foci are (4, 2) and (8, 2) and eccentricity is 2.
(M-09)
Sol. Given foci are (4, 2) and (8, 2) Centre C is the mid point of the foci
 48 2 2
 Centre is  ,    6.2 
 2 2 

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SS| = 2ae  16  0  4  ae  2  2a  2  a 1
 
We know that b 2 = a 2 e 2 - 1  a 2 e 2  a 2  3

x - h - y - k 
2 2

Eq. of hyperbola is =1
a2 b2

 x  6  2   y  2 2 1

1 3
49) Find the equation of the hyperbola whose foci are  5, 0  and the transverse axis of
length 8
Sol: Given foci S  ±ae, 0    5, 0   ae  5 and
transverse axis length 2a  8  a= 4


We know that b 2 = a 2 e 2 - 1   b 2  a 2e2  a 2  b 2  25  16  b2  9

x2 y 2
Equation of the hyperbola is 2 - 2 = 1
a b
x2 y 2
   1  9 x 2  16 y 2  144
16 9
50) Find the eccentricity and length of latusrectum of the hyperbola x 2  4y 2  4 . (M-08)

x 2 y2
Sol. Equation of the hyperbola is  1
4 1
hrere a2=4 , b2 = 1

a2 + b2 4 1 5
Eccentricity e = 2
 
a 4 2

2b 2 2.1
Length of the latus rectum =  1
a 2
51) Find the length of the latus rectum of the hyperbola x 2  3y 2  144 . (M-07)

x 2 3y 2 x2 y2
Sol. Given  1   1
144 144 144 144
3

2 144
here a 2  144 ; b 
3
2 144 
2b 2 2 144 
Length of latus rectum = = 3 = 3 12  8
a 12  

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52) Find the equations of the tangents to the hyperbola 3x2 – 4y2 = 12 which are parallel to the
line y = x - 7. (May-07,09)
x 2 y2
Sol. Equation of the hyperbola is 3x2 – 4y2 = 12   1
4 3
here a 2  4, b 2  3
The tangent is parallel to y = x – 7  m = slope of the tangent = 1
Equation of the tangents are y = mx ± a2m2 -b2

 y  x  43  y=x1
53) If 3x-4y+k=0 is a tangent to x 2  4y 2  5 find the value of ‘k’
Sol. Given x 2  4y 2  5

x 2 y2
  1
5 5
4
5
here a 2  5 , b2 
4
3 k 3 k
3x  4y  k  0  4y  3x  k  y x m , c
4 4 4 4
The tangent condition is c 2 = a 2m 2 - b 2
k2 9 5 k 2 45 5 k 2 45  20
 5         k 2  25  k  5
16  16  4 16 16 4 16 16
54) If the angle between the asymptotes is 300, then find its eccentricity
Sol. Given  = 300
Angle between asymptotes is θ = 2sec  e 
-1

 30  2sec  e   15  sec  e   e  sec 15 

0 1 0 1

2 2 2 2 3 1
e e   e 6 2
3 1 3 1 3 1

55) Find the equation of the normal at  = to the hyperbola 3x 2  4y 2  12
3
x 2 y2
Sol. Equation of the hyperbola is 3x 2  4y 2  12   1
4 3
here a 2 = 4, b 2 = 3

ax by
Equation of the normal at  is + = a2 + b2
secθ tanθ
2x 3y
 0
 43   x y 7
sec 60 tan 600

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56) Define rectangular hyperbola and find its eccentricity.

Sol. Def : If the length of transverse axis is equal to the length of conjugate axis in a
hyperbola then it is called a rectangular hyperbola. i.e. 2a = 2b  a=b
a 2  b2 2a 2
Eccentricity e    2
a2 a2

INDEFINITE INTEGRALS
3
 1
57) Evaluate:   x   dx, x  0 (Mar-12)
 x
3
 1
Sol: Given   x   dx
 x

 3 1
   x 3  3 x   3  dx  a +b = a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 +b3
3

 x x 
1 1
  x 3 dx  3 xdx  3 dx   3 dx
x x

x 4 3x 2 1 xn+1 1
   3log x  2  c  xndx = +c  dx = log x +c
4 2 2x n+1 x

a  bx 
x 2

58) Evaluate  a xb x
dx

a  bx 
x 2

Sol: Given  dx
a xb x

a 2 x  b 2 x  2a x .b x  ax bx    a x  b x 
    a-b =a2 +b2 -2ab
2
dx   x   2  dx         2  dx
a .b
x x
b a x
  b   a  
x x ax
a b axdx= +c
    loga
 b a
     2x  c
log a log b
b a

59) Evaluate  1  cos 2xdx (May-06, M-09)

Sol: Given  1  cos 2xdx

=  2sin 2 x dx  2  sin x dx   2 cos x  c   sinxdx = -cosx + c 1 - cos2x = 2sin 2 x

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60) Evaluate  sec2 x cos ec 2 xdx (M-07, May-07,09)

Sol: Given  sec2 x cos ec 2 xdx

1
 dx
sin x.cos2 x
2

sin 2 x  cos 2 x
 dx 1 = sin2x +cos2x
sin 2 x.cos 2 x
 1 1 
  2
 2  dx
 cos x sin x 

   sec 2 x  cos ec 2 x  dx  tan x  cot x  c   sec xdx = tanx + c  cosec xdx = -cotx + c
2 2

 1 2 
61) Evaluate   2
 dx on (1,1) (May-11)
 1 x 1  x2 

 1 2 
Sol: Given   2
  dx
 1 x 1  x2 

1 2 1 1
=  dx   dx  dx = sin-1x + c  dx = sinh -1 x + c
2 2
1 x 2
1 x 2
1- x 1+ x

 sin 1 x  2sinh 1 x  C

 e  tan x  log sec x  dx

x
62) (May-07, M-08)

Given  e  tan x  log sec x  dx

x
Sol:

d 1 d
f  x   log  sec x  , f 1  x   tan x   logx  = ,  secx  = secxtanx
dx x dx

e x log  sec x   c   e x (f(x) + f'(x) )dx = e x f(x) + c

 e 1  tan x  tan x dx

x 2
63) (M-06)

Given  e 1  tan x  tan x dx

x 2
Sol:

 e  sec x  tan x  dx
x 2
1+ tan2x = sec2x

d
f  x   tan x, f |  x   sec 2 x  tanx  = sec 2 x
dx

 e x tan x  c   e x (f(x) + f'(x) )dx = e x f(x) + c

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 1  x log x 
e
x
64)   dx (May-08, Mar-13)
 x 

x  1  x log x 
Sol. Given  e   dx
 x 
1 
  e x   log x  dx
x 

1 d 1
f  x   log x, f |  x     logx =
x dx x

 e x log x  c   e x (f(x) + f'(x) )dx = e x f(x) + c

e x 1  x 
65) Evaluate:  2  x 2
dx (May-09)

e x 1  x 
Sol: Given  dx
2  x
2


x 2  x 1
  1 1 
=   =   2  x  2  x 2 
x
e   dx e    dx
 
2
 2  x   

1 1 d  1  -1
f  x   f |  x    =
2  x
2
2 x dx  x  x2

1
 ex c   e x (f(x) + f'(x) )dx = e x f(x) + c
2 x
xe x
66) Evaluate:  dx
( x  1) 2

xe x
Sol. Given  dx
( x  1) 2

 x 11 x  1 1  x
  2
e dx     2
e dx .
 (x 1)   x  1 ( x  1) 

1 1 d  1  -1
f  x   f |  x  2  =
1 x 1 x dx  x  x2
ex
 c   e x (f(x) + f'(x) )dx = e x f(x) + c
x 1

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1
67) Evaluate:   x  1 x  2  dx (May-11,Mar-12,Mar-14)

1
Sol. Given   x  1 x  2  dx

 1 1 
     dx
  x  1  x  2  

x 1 1 m
 log x  1  log x  2  c  log c  dx = log x +c logm- logn = log
x2 x n
dx
68) Evaluate   x  3 x  2 (May-12, Mar-14)
dx
Sol. Given   x  3 x  2
dx
 dx
 x  2  1  x  2 
Put x  2  t 2  t  x  2
dx  2tdt
x  3  t2 1
2tdt dt
 2  2 2
 t  1 t  t  1
1
 2 tan 1 t  C  2
dx = tan-1x +c
1+ x
 2 tan 1 x  2  C

 1
 1   x  x 
69) Evaluate  1  2 e dx
 x 
 1
 1   x  x 
Sol: Given  1  2  e dx
 x 
1  1 
Put x   t  1  2  dx  dt
x  x 
 1
  exdx = ex +c
t
= e dt  et  c  x 
e  x
c

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e x (1  x)
70) Evaluate  dx on I  R \  x  R : cos( xe x )  0 (Mar-10,June-10)
cos ( xe )
2 x

e x 1  x 
Sol: Given  cos  xe  dx 2 x

d x d
Put xe x  t  ex (1 x)dx  dt  uv =uv1 +vu1 
1

dx
 e  = ex ,  x = 1
dx
dt
 2 =  sec t dt  tan t  c  tan( xe )  c
2 x
 sec xdx = tanx + c
2

cos t
x8
71) Evaluate  1  x18 dx (M-09)

x8 x8
 dx
Sol. Given  dx
1 x 18 1   
x 9 2

dt d
Put x9  t 9x8 dx  dt x8 dx    xn  =nxn-1
9 dx

x8
 dx
1   x9 
2

1 dt 1 1 1
   tan 1 t  c  tan 1 ( x9 )  C .  2
dx = tan-1x +c
9 1 t 2
9 9 1+ x

2 x3
72) Evaluate  1  x8 .dx (May-08)

2 x3 2 x3
.dx =  .dx
Sol: Given 
1 x 8 1   
x 4 2

dt d
4 3 3
Put x  t  4 x dx  dt  2 x dx    xn  =nxn-1
2 dx

dt 1 1
 2(1  t 2
)

2
tan 1 ( x 4 )  c 
1+ x2
dx = tan-1x +c

x 2 dx
73) Evaluate  1  x6
(J-05)

x 2 dx x2
Sol: Given   dx
1  x6 1  x 
3 2

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d n
Put t  x 3  dt  3x 2 dx  x = nxn-1
dx

1 dt 1 1
   sin 1 t  c  dx = sin-1x + c
3 1 t2 3 1- x 2

1
 sin 1  x 3   c
3

sin 4 x
74) Evaluate:  dx
cos6 x

sin 4 x sin 4 x
Sol: Given 
cos6 x
dx   cos 4 x cos 2 x dx
  tan 4 x sec 2 xdx

d
( Put tan x  t  sec2 xdx  dt )  tanx = sec2x
dx

t5 1 xn+1
 c   tan x   c  xndx =
5
  t 4 dt  +c
5 5 n+1
cot  log x 
75) Evaluate  x
dx (M-05)

cot  log x 
Sol. Given  dx
x

dx d 1
Put t  log x  dt    logx =
x dx x

  cot t dt  log sin t  C

 log sin  log x   C   cotxdx = log sinx + c

cos x
76) Evaluate  x
dx

cos x
Sol. Given  dx
x

d 1
Put
1
x  t 2 x dx  dt 
1
x
dx  2dt 
dx
 
x =
2 x

  2.cos t. dt  2sin t  c  2sin  xc   cosxdx = sinx + c

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77) Evaluate  sec x log  sec x  tan x  dx

Sol. Given  sec x log  sec x  tan x  dx

Put t  log  sec x  tan x 

dt 
 sec x.tan x  sec x  dx  sec xdx d  logx = 1
2
d d
 secx = secxtanx  tanx = sec2x

 sec x  tan x  dx x dx dx

 log  sec x  tan x    C

2
2 x2
=  tdt  t  C   xdx = +c
2 2 2
1
78) Evaluate  x log x log  log x   dx (Mar 2011)
 
1
Sol: Given  x log x log  log x   dx
 
Put log(log x)  t

1 1 d 1
  dx  dt   logx =
log x x dx x

1 1
=  dt  log t  c  dx = log x +c
t x
 log log (log x)  c
1
79) e x
1
dx

1
Sol. Given e x
1
dx

ex 1 ex ex ex 1 f 1  x
 x  dx = log f  x  + c
e 1
dx =  e x  1  e x  1 dx
dx  f  x

log e x  1  x  C 1dx = x+c

(OR)
log e x  1  log e x  C x = logex

ex 1 m
log x  C  logm - logn = log  
e n

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1  cos 2 x
80) Evaluate  dx (Mar-13)
1  cos 2 x
1  cos 2 x
Sol. Given  dx
1  cos 2 x
1  cos 2 x
 dx 1- cos2x = 2sin 2 x
2sin 2 x
1 cos 2 x
  cos ec 2 xdx   dx
2 2sin 2 x
1 1

2  cos ec 2 xdx   cot 2 xdx
2  cot 2 x = cosec2 x -1

cot x 1
    cos ec 2 x  1 dx   cosec 2 xdx = -cotx + c
2 2
cot x cot x x
   c 1dx = x+c
2 2 2
x
  cot x   c
2
81) Evaluate  log x dx (June-10)

Sol. Given  log x dx

  log x .1 dx

here f  log x , g  1   fg = f  g -  f 1  g I L ATE

1 d 1
 log x  1 dx   (  1 dx ) dx (Using Byparts)   logx =
x dx x
1
= x.log x   .x dx 1dx = x+c
x
 x log x   1dx  x log x  x  c

82) Evaluate  x tan x.dx (M-05)

1

 x tan
1
Sol: Given x.dx

here f  tan1 x , g  x   fg = f  g -  f 1  g IL ATE

x2 1 2 1
 x tan x.dx   tan x  2 2  1 x2
1 1
 x . dx (Using Byparts)

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x 2  tan 1 x  1  1 

2
  1   dx
2  1 x2   xdx =
x2
+c
2
x 2  tan 1 x  1 1
   x  tan 1 x   C  dx = tan-1x +c
2 2 1+ x2

x 2  tan 1 x  x tan 1 x
   C
2 2 2


x 2
 1
tan 1 x 
x
C
2 2

Evaluate  sin x dx
1
83) (J-05)

 sin
1
Sol. Given x dx

here f  sin 1 x , g  1   fg = f  g -  f 1  g IL ATE

 
1
= sin 1 x. 1dx   sin 1 x   1dx  dx

1

1
= x sin x  xdx (Using Byparts)
1  x2

1 2 x d 2 d 1
1
= x sin x 
2  dx 
dx
 x  = 2x
dx
sin -1 x =
1 - x2
1  x2

f | x
1 1 2
= x.sin x  2 1  x  C
 dx = 2 f  x  + c
2 f  x

 x sin 1 x  1  x 2  c

dx
84) Evaluate  x 2  2x  10
(May-06)

dx
Sol. Given  2
x  2x  10

1 dx  x 1 dx x
 dx   sinh1   c  = sinh -1  
 x 1  3
2
a
2
 3  a +x
2 2 2
x  2x 1 9

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sin 2 x
85) Evaluate:  a cos 2
x  b sin 2 x
dx

sin 2 x
Sol. Given  a cos 2
x  b sin 2 x
dx

Put a cos 2 x  b sin 2 x  t

  2a cos x sin x  2b sin x cos x  dx  dt  sin2x = 2sinxcosx
   a sin 2 x  b sin 2 x  dx  dt
dt
 sin 2x  b  a  dx  dt  sin 2 x dx 
ba

1 dt 1 1
 I  b  a  t  b  a log t  c  dx = log x +c
x
1
 log a cos 2 x  b sin 2 x  c
ba

 1  sin x 
86. Evaluate  ex   dx
 1  cos x 
x  1  sin x  d x 1 2 x
Sol: Given  e   dx   cot  = - cosec
dx  2 2 2
 1  cos x 
 x x
1  2sin cos 
  ex  2 2 dx x x x
 1- cosx = 2sin2 sinx = 2sin cos
2 x
 2sin  2 2 2
 2 
1 x x
  ex  cosec2  cot  dx
2 2 2

x
 e x cot c   e x  f  x  + f ½  x   dx = e x f  x  + c
2

cos x
87. Evaluate  2
sin x  4sin x  5
dx (M-07)
cos x
Sol: Given  2 dx
sin x  4sin x  5
d
Put sin x  t  cos xdx  dt   sinx = cosx
dx
dt dt
 
t  2  1
2 2
t  4t  5
1
= tan 1  t  2   C  tan 1  sin x  2   C  2
dx = tan-1x+C
x +1

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dx
88. Evalute   x  5   x  4 

dx dx
Given   x  5   x  4 
 dx
Sol:  x  4  1  x  4 
d 2
Let x  4  t 2  dx  2tdt 
dx
 x  = 2x
x  5  x  4 1  t2 1
1 1
 2 2tdt  2 1 dt 
 t  1 t  t 2  1  2 tan 1 t  C 1+ x2
dx = tan-1x+C

 2 tan 1  
x4 C

 4 4 
89. Evaluate  16  25 x 2 dx on  , 
 5 5
Sol: Given  16  25 x 2 dx

 16 
 25  x2 dx
 25 
2
4
5 2
   x dx
5
  4
2

 2   
x 4 5 x 
5     x2    sin1 C  a - x dx =
2 2 x 2 2 a2 x
a - x + sin -1   + C
2  5  2  4  2 2
   a
  5 
x 5 16  5x 
16  25 x 2  . sin 1    C
2 2 25  4 
x 8  5x 
16  25 x 2  sin 1    C
2 5  4 

DEFINITE INTEGRATION
 /2
sin 5 x
90) Find the value of 
0
sin 5 x  cos5 x
dx (M-08, May-09,March-2014)

 /2
sin 5 x
Sol. Let I= 
0
dx
sin 5 x  cos5 x ---------(1)

 
 /2 sin 5   x 
2 
 dx
a a
  f  x  dx =  f  a - x  dx  π  π 
 I= 5    5  s in  - x  = co sx cos  - x  = sinx
2 
0 sin   x   cos   x  0 0  2 

2  2 

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 /2
cos5  x 
= 
0
dx
cos5  x   sin 5  x  -----------(2)
 /2
cos 5 x  sin 5 x
adding (1) and (2)  2 I  
0
sin 5 x  cos5 x
dx

 /2
  1d x   x 0 / 2 1dx=x+c
0

2I   / 2  I  /4

4
91) (i) Find  0
2  x dx (J-05)
4

Sol.  2  x dx
0

since 0  x  2 2 x  2 x

2  x  4  2  x   2  x  x  2
4 2 4
  2  x dx   2  x dx   2  x dx
0 0 2

2 4

2
x2   x2 
4
xn+1
   2  x  dx    x  2  dx
0 2
  2x      2x 
 2 0  2 2
xndx=
n+1
+c

 4 4 
  4    8  8    4   2  0  2  4
 2 2 
2
(ii) Find the value of 
0
1  x dx, x  1 (Mar-09, May-11)
2

1- x dx =   x  1  dx
2
Sol. Given 0 1

1  x  2  1  x   1  x   x  1
2
x2  xn+1
xndx=
n+1 
  x +c 1dx=x+c
 2 1

4  11 
=   2     1 =
2 2    2

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92) Evaluate   sin x dx


2

Given  sin x dx

2
Sol.
2

f   x   sin  x  sin x  f  x 
π
 π
 2 2

  sin x dx  2  2 sin x dx  f  x  dx = 2 f  x  dx, if f  -x  = f  x   even 

2 

2 0 -π 0
2

 2   cos x 0
 /2  sinxdx =-cosx+c

 2  0  1  2

3 2x
93) Evaluate 2 1  x2
dx (May-06, Mar-12)

3
2x f | x
dx = log f  x  + c
3

Sol. 2 1  x 2 dx  log 1  x2  2 f x

a
  log10  log 5  log 2  log   = loga - logb
b

 x2 
1
94. Evaluate 0  1  x 2  (Mar-11, May-07,10)

 x2 
1
Sol. 0  1  x 2 
adding and subtracting ‘1’
1
 x2  1 1 
1  x2 1 1  dx
=
1 1
  dx 2
  dx   dx  
0
 1 x 
2
0
1 x 1 x2  0 0 x2  1

1
  x 0   tan 1 x 
1 1
1dx=x+c  1+x dx = Tan x+c
2
-1

π
 1  tan 1 1  1   / 4 tan-1 1 =
4

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2
95. Find  0
4  x2 dx (M-07)
2 2

 4  x dx   22  x 2 dx
2
Sol.
0 0

2
x 4 
 4  x 2  sin 1  x / 2  
2 2 0

2  2  x 2 2 a2 -1 x
  4  4  2sin 1     0  2sin 1  0     a2 - x2 dx = a - x + sin +c
2  2  2 2 a

 2 sin 1 1  2  / 2   

96. Evaluate 0
2  2 cos  .d (M-05)


Sol. I   2 1  cos d

0


I   2 1  cos d
0

 
I 2. 2 cos 2 .d 
0 2

θ
1+cosθ = 2cos2
2

θ
sin
θ 2 +c
 4 sin  / 20

  cos   dθ =
 2 1
2

π
 4  sin  / 2  sin 0   4 sin =1 sin0 = 0
2
 /2

 sin
4
97. Evaluate x cos5 xdx (Mar-10)
0

 /2

 sin
4
Sol. Given x cos5 xdx
0

Here m=4, n=5 (odd)

π

5 1 5  3 1 2
n-1 n-3 1
 . .  sinmxcosnxdx = .... ; if m is even , n is odd
4  5 4  5  2 4 1 0
m+n m+n-2 m+1

4 2 1 8
 . . =
9 7 5 315

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  sin
2
98. Evaluate 
2
x cos 4 xdx (Mar - 2013,May-09)
2

Sol. Let f  x   sin 2 x cos 4 x ; f  x  is even function

a a

 I  2 2 sin x cos xdx 2 4   f  x  dx = 2  f  x  dx
0 -a 0

Here m=2, n=4 (even)

π

1 3 1  2
n -1 n - 3 1 m -1 m - 3 1π
 2. . . .   sinm xcosn xdx = .... .....
6 4 2 2 0
m+n m+n-2 m+2 m m-2 22



16

2k  4k  6k  .....   2n 
k

99. Evaluate Lim by method of finding definite integral as limit

n  n k 1
of a sum.
2k  4k  6k  .....   2n 
k k
1 n i
Sol. Lim  Lim  2k  
n  n k 1 n  n i 1 n
1
1 1 n i
  2k x k dx
0
 lim
n n
 f   =  f  x  dx
i=1  n  0

1
k  x 
k 1
xn+1
2   xndx= +c
 k  10 n+1

2k

k 1

2 sin 2 x  cos 2 x
100. Evaluate:  3 3
dx (Text Book Model paper)
0 sin x  cos x

2 sin2 x  cos2 x
Sol. Let I   3 3
dx --------(1)
0 sin x  cos x

   
sin 2   x   cos 2   x 
I
2
2  2  dx a a
π 
  f  x  dx =  f  a - x  dx  π  cos  - x  = sinx
0       s in 
 2
- x  = co sx
2 
sin 3   x   cos 3   x  0 0 
 2   2 

2 co s 2 x  sin 2 x
I   d x ------------(2)
0 co s 3 x  sin 3 x
Adding (1) and (2)

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
2sin 2 x  cos 2 x  cos 2 x  sin 2 x
2I   dx
0 sin 3 x  cos3 x
2I  0  I  0

101. Find the ar ea bounded by y  x 3  3 , X- axis, x = -1 and x =2. (M-05,08,12, Jun-10)

Sol. Given y  x 3  3 , x  1 and x  2

2
2
 x4  xn+1
The required area =   x  3 dx    3 x  xndx= +c
3

1 4  1 n+1

 16  1  40 11 51
   6     3 =    sq.units
 4  4  4 4 4

102. Find the area bounded by the parabola y  x 2 , the x-axis and the lines x  1 ,x=2 (M-09)

Sol. Given y  x 2 , x  1 and x=2

2
2
 x3  xn+1
The required area =  x dx    x dx= n+1+c
2 n

1  3  1
8 1 9
    3 sq.units
3 3 3

103) Find the area of the region enclosed by the given curves x  4  y 2 , x  0 (Mar-10,11)

Sol. Given 4  y 2  0 , x =0
 y  2
2

  4  y  dy
2
Required area =
2

2 2
 y3  xn+1
= 
2  4  y2
 dy 2
=  4 y 
3  0
x dx=
n+1
+c n

0 

 8  32
 28   0 = sq.units
 3  3

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104) Find the area under the curve f ( x)  sin x in [0, 2 ] (May-09)
Sol. Given f ( x)  sin x in [0, 2 ]
2

The required area =  f  x  dx

0

 2
  sin xdx 
0
   sin x  dx   sinxdx = -cosx + c

   cos x 0   cos x 
 2

 1  1  1  1  4 sq.units
105. Find the area bounded by the curve y 2  1  2 x and x  0
Sol. Given y 2  1  2 x and x  0

1
Required area     x  dy  
1

y 2
 1
dy
1 1 2
1
    y 2  1 dy
0
1 1
   y 2 dy   1 dy
0 0

1
 y3  xn+1
      y 0 xndx=
n+1 
1
+c 1dx=x+c
 3 0
1 2
 1   sq.units
3 3

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 /2

 tan
5
106. Evaluate x.cos8 x dx
0
 /2

Sol. Let I  
0
tan 5 x . cos 8 x dx


2
sin 5 x sinx
 cos8 xdx Tanx =
0
5
cos x cosx

2
  sin 5 x cos3 xdx
0

Here m=5, n=3 (odd)

π

3 1 1 2
n-1 n- 3 2 1
 .   sinmxcosnxdx = .... ; if 1 ¹ n is odd
5  3 5 1 0
m+n m+n- 2 m+ 3 m+1
2 1 1
 . 
8 6 24
 /2

 sin
5
107. Evaluate x cos 4 x dx
0
 /2

 sin xcos xdx

5 4
Sol. Let I 
0

Here m=5, n=4 (even)

π
2
n -1 n - 3 1 m -1 m - 3 2
  sin m xcosn xdx = .... ........ ; if m is odd , n is even
0
m+n m+n-2 m+ 2 m m-2 3

4 1 4  3 5 1 5  3 3 1 4 2 8
  . . . 
5 4 5 4  2 5 5 2 9 7 5 3 315

 /2

 sin
6
108. Evaluate x cos 4 x dx
0
 /2

 sin xcos xdx

6 4
Sol. Let I 
0
Here m=6, n=4 (even)
π
2
n -1 n- 3 1 m-1 m- 3 1 π
  sinmxcosn xdx = .... ..... ; if miseven, niseven
0
m+n m+n - 2 m+ 2 m m- 2 2 2
4 1 4  3 6 1 6  3 6  5  3 1 5 3 1  3
 . . . . .  . . . . . 
6  4 6  4  2 6 6  2 6  4 2 10 8 62 4 2 2 512

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n
i
109. Evaluate nLt

 i 1 n  i2
2

n
i
Sol. Given nLt

 i 1 n  i2
2

i
n
i 1

n
 Lt n
n   i2 
 Lt  n   i  
n  2
i 1 2
n 1  2  i 1
 1    
 n   n 

1 1
x 1 n i
 dx  lim  f   =  f  x  dx
n n
0
1  x2 i=1  n  0

multiply and divisible by 2

1 2x
1
1 f |  x
dx = log f  x +c
1
  dx  log 1  x 2  
2 0 1  x2 2 0 f  x
1 1
  log 1  12  log 1  0   log 2
2   2
a

110. Evaluate 
0
a 2  x 2 dx

Sol. Given 0
a 2  x 2 dx

put x  a sin 
dx  a cos  d

L.L : x  0    0 , U .L : x  a   
2
 
2 2
  a 2  a 2 sin 2  .a cos  d   a 2 1  sin 2   .a cos  d 1- sin 2θ = cos2θ
0 0

 
2 2
  a. cos 2  .a cos  d  a 2  cos 2  d
0 0

Here n=2 (even)

π

2 1  2
n -1 n - 3 1 π
 a2   cos n xdx = .... ; n is even
2 2 0
n n-2 2 2

 a2

4

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2

 sin
2
111. Evaluate x cos 4 xdx (MAR-2014)
0
2

Let I   sin xcos xdx

2 4
Sol.
0
 2a a
 2  sin 2 x cos 4 xdx   f  x  dx = 2  f  x  dx; if f  2a - x  = f  x 
0 0 0

 
2 2
 2  2  sin 2 x cos 4 xdx  4  sin 2 x cos 4 xdx
0 0
Here m=2, n=4 (even)
π
2
n -1 n - 3 1 m-1 m- 3 1 π
  sinm xcosn xdx = .... ..... ; if miseven, niseven
0
m+n m+n- 2 m+ 2 m m- 2 2 2

4 1 4  3 2 1  3 1 1  
 4. . . .  4. . . . 
24 242 2 2 6 4 2 2 8
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
6
 d 2 y  dy 3  5
112) Find the order and degree of  2      6 y (Mar-09,13, May-11)
 dx  dx  
Sol. Making the given differential equation to be free from radicals and fractions
1 3
 d 2 y   dy  5

 2     6
  6 y
 dx   dx 
 Order = 2, Degree = 1
5

d y   dy   3
2 2

113) Find the order and degree of  1     (Mar-10)

dx 2   dx  
Sol. Making the given differential equation to be free from radicals and fractions.
3.5 5
3 3
2
 d 2 y    dy   3  d2y    dy  2 

 2    1    2   1    
 dx    dx    dx    dx  
Order = 2 ; Degree = 3
1
1 4
 1
2 
  dy  2  d y  3

114) Find the order and degree of     2    0
 dx   dx 
 

3 2
 dy   d y 
2

Sol. 
The equation can be written as    2 
 dx   dx 
order = 2, degree = 2 .

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d 2 y 2dy  dy 
115) Find the order and degree of 2
  y  log  
dx dx  dx 
 dy 
Sol.  log  dx  cannot be expressed as a polynomial
 
Order = 2, and Degree is undefined.
1
1
 d 2 y 3 dy
116) x  2  x  y0
2

 dx  dx
1
1
 d 2 y 3  dy 
Sol. The given equation is x  2     x  y 
2

 dx   dx 
3 3
 d2y   dy 
cubing on both sides x  2    x  y
2

 dx   dx 
order = 2, degree = 1.
2 2
 d3y   dy 
Find the order and degree of  3   3    e  4
x
117. (March-2014)
 dx   dx 
2 2
 d3y   dy 
Given equation is  3   3    e  4
x
Sol.
 dx   dx 
Order =3
Degree = 2
118) Form the differenital equation corresponding to y  cx  2c 2 , where c is a parameter..
(M-09)
Sol. Given equation y  cx  2c 2 ......................(1)
differentiating on both sides with respect to ‘x’
dy
 c ......................................................(2)
dx
2
dy  dy 
substituiting the value ‘c’from (2) in (1) we get , y x  2  .
dx  dx 
119) Form the differenital equation corresponding to y  A cos 3 x  B sin 3 x .
Sol. y  A cos 3 x  B sin 3 x ......................(1)
differentiating on both sides with respect to ‘x’
dy
 A   sin 3x  .3  B cos  3x  3
dx
 3 A sin 3x  3B cos 3x.....................  2 
differentiating on both sides with respect to ‘x’

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d2y
 9 A cos 3x  9 B sin 3x  9  A cos 3x  B sin 3x   9 y  from 1 
dx 2
d2 y
  9y  0 .
dx2
120) Form the differential equation of the family of circles passing through origin and
having centres on y- axis.
Sol. Equation of the family of circles passing through origin and having centres on y- axis is
x 2  y 2  2hy  0 ...............(1)
differentiating on both sides w.r.t. ‘x’
dy dy dy dy d n
2 x  2 y.
dx
 2h.  0
dx
 x  y.
dx
 h.
dx
0 
dx
 x  = nxn-1

 dy 
  x    y  dx 
 
dy   h -------(2) eliminating ‘h’ from (1) & (2)
 
 dx 

 dy 
  x    y 
 x2  y 2  2  dx  y  0
dy 
 
 dx 

dy dy dy
 x2  y2  2 xy  2 y 2 0
dx dx dx
dy
x 2
 y2 
dx
 2 xy  0 .

121) Form the differential equation of the family of circles with their centres at the
origin and also find its order. (Mar 2011)
Sol. The equation of family of circles with their centres at the origin is x 2  y 2  r 2 , r is a arbitrary
constant.
dy d n
 2x  2 y
dx
0 
dx
 x  = nxn-1

dy
 x y 0
dx
Order of the differential equation = number of arbitrary constants = 1.

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dy
122) Find the I.F. of the differential equation x  y  2 x 2 sec 2 2 x
dx
dy
Sol. Given that x  y  2 x 2 sec 2 2 x
dx
dy y 2x2 2
   sec 2x
dx x x
dy 1
  y  2x.sec2 2x
dx x
1
P & Q  2 x sec 2 2 x
x

1 1
  Pdx    dx   log x  dx = log x +c
x x

log x 1
I .F .  e   e 
Pdx
x

Find the I.F. of the differential equation 1  y  .dx  Tan y  x  .dy

2 1
123)

dx tan 1 y  x dx x tan 1 y
Sol.    
dy 1  y2 dy 1  y 2 1  y 2

1 tan 1 y
P= ; Q
1 y2 1 y2

1 1
 pdy   1  y 2
dy  tan 1 y 
1+x2
dx = Tan-1x+c

I .F  e 
pdy 1
 e tan y .

***

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